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Meiyun L, Li X, Xiaoyi L, Dan D. Epidemiologic and clinical differences between early-onset and later-onset childhood vitiligo: A retrospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 91:125-127. [PMID: 38467306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Meiyun
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xie Li
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Xiaoyi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Dan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Martin LB, García Diaz FJ, Bernabeu Wittel J, Coronel Rodríguez C. A Single-Center Retrospective Study of Pediatric Vitiligo in a Tertiary Hospital. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:779-784. [PMID: 37635407 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231193588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common disorder; however, its management is unknown by many primary-care doctors and pediatricians. Most articles focus on adults; we analyze the characteristics and impact on children. A single-center retrospective study was conducted over 10 years on 254 children diagnosed with vitiligo. About 50.4% were male with a mean age of 8.24 years. There was a slight predominance of nonsegmented vitiligo. About 12.59% had family history of vitiligo and 11.4% of autoimmune diseases. Around 15.7% patients presented other dermatological diseases and 9.05%, autoimmune diseases. No significant statistical differences were found when comparing age, sex, and type of vitiligo with other variables. Almost 96.06% received treatment with calcineurin inhibitors and 66.53% topical steroids. Around 77% obtained repigmentation, and out of the initial nonresponders, 16% responded to phototherapy. In general, our results concur with the scarce literature. A long-term follow-up of children with vitiligo is needed to identify treatment side effects and diseases associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth Martin
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | - José Bernabeu Wittel
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
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3
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Renert-Yuval Y, Ezzedine K, Grimes P, Rosmarin D, Eichenfield LF, Castelo-Soccio L, Huang V, Desai SR, Walsh S, Silverberg JI, Paller AS, Rodrigues M, Weingarten M, Narla S, Gardner J, Siegel M, Ibad S, Silverberg NB. Expert Recommendations on Use of Topical Therapeutics for Vitiligo in Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Patients. JAMA Dermatol 2024; 160:453-461. [PMID: 38477910 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Importance Evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of vitiligo in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients in the US are needed. Objective To develop evidence- and consensus-based expert recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of vitiligo in young patients. Evidence Review A process was developed to produce consensus recommendations addressing questions regarding pediatric vitiligo. A librarian-conducted literature review was performed using articles that met the inclusion criteria: published in English, containing primary data (including meta-analysis) and pediatric-specific data, and analysis of 6 or more patients. Included articles were graded by the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy criteria and Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine's Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation. Research questions were reviewed on May 9, 2022, through a video conference. One month after the conference, participants participated in an online survey documenting their level of agreement with the generated statements, using a 5-point Likert scale. Findings Articles on topical corticosteroids and/or topical calcineurin inhibitors (n = 50), topical Janus kinase inhibitors (n = 5), pseudocatalase (n = 2), and microdermabrasion (n = 2) met inclusion criteria. Forty-two recommendations were made on the diagnosis of vitiligo and optimal topical therapeutics, with 33 recommendations obtaining a 70% or greater composite agreement and strong agreement. Topical calcineurin inhibitors twice daily, topical corticosteroids with time limitation due to atrophy risk, and topical ruxolitinib, 1.5%, cream-used off-label for patients younger than 12 years and limited to nonsegmental vitiligo-were identified as evidence-based first-line therapies in the management of pediatric and adolescent patients, with specific guidance on age-based data, minimum therapeutic trial of 6 months or greater, prolonged therapy to prevent recurrence, and the positive benefit of coordinated use of UV therapeutic sources. Conclusions and Relevance Evidence supports the use of topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, and topical Janus kinase inhibitors as effective therapeutics for vitiligo in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients, with specific decisions on choice of agent based on factors such as site location, body surface area, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Renert-Yuval
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel, and Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Dermatology and Université Paris Est Créteil, Epidemiology in Dermatology and Evaluation of Therapeutics, Créteil, France
| | - Pearl Grimes
- Departments of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - David Rosmarin
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Lawrence F Eichenfield
- Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Leslie Castelo-Soccio
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Victor Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis
| | - Seemal R Desai
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
- Innovative Dermatology, Plano, Texas
| | | | | | - Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michele Rodrigues
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Weingarten
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Shanthi Narla
- Department of Dermatology, St Luke's University Health Network, Easton, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Michael Siegel
- Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sidra Ibad
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nanette B Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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4
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Hamada R, Funasaka Y, Saeki H, Serizawa N, Hagino T, Yano Y, Mitsui H, Kanda N. Dietary habits in adult Japanese patients with vitiligo. J Dermatol 2024; 51:491-508. [PMID: 38421796 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease with acquired depigmentation. Dietary habits may modulate the pathogenesis of vitiligo. We evaluated dietary habits in adult Japanese patients with nonsegmental vitiligo, and compared their results with those of age- and sex-matched controls. We also examined the relationship between dietary habits and Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), or vitiligo on different anatomical sites. The intakes of energy, nutrients, and foods in the participants were analyzed using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Patients with vitiligo showed higher body mass index (BMI) and lower intakes of manganese, vitamin D, pulses, and confection, compared with controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that vitiligo was associated with high BMI. VASI was higher in males than in females, and negatively correlated with age or intakes of potatoes and vegetables other than green/yellow vegetables. Linear multivariate regression analysis showed that high VASI was associated with younger age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that moderate to severe vitiligo (VASI ≥ 4.25) was associated with male sex and longer disease duration. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the following association with vitiligo on respective anatomical sites: high intake of eggs and dairy products and high VASI on the head or neck, high intake of oils and fats and high VASI on the trunk, high intake of cereals and high VASI on the upper limbs, male sex and high VASI on the lower limbs, and high BMI and high VASI on the hands or feet. In conclusion, the control of obesity might have prophylactic or therapeutic effects on vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Hamada
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Funasaka
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naotaka Serizawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | - Teppei Hagino
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoko Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
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Dai T, Wu Y, Song W, Li F, Wang L. Inverse association between autoimmunity and elevated IgE among childhood vitiligo. Int J Dermatol 2022; 61:1131-1136. [PMID: 35325476 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of childhood vitiligo. The characteristics in a different population under modified environmental factors need further reevaluation. The present study aimed to reevaluate the clinical and laboratory features in consequent children vitiligo patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed consequent children vitiligo patients who visited Children's Hospital of Fudan University (National Children's Medical Center of China). The prevalence rate of thyroid dysfunction, circulating autoantibodies, serum IgE, and associated factors were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 244 consequent vitiligo patients were included, of which 20 children had personal autoimmune history. Two hundred and nineteen of the 244 patients took a thyroid function test, and the abnormal rate was only 3.7% (8/219). The elevated IgE rate was 31.7% (52/157), the antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive rate was 9.8% (12/123), and the extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) positive rate was 4.4% (4/91), respectively. The elevated IgE was significantly associated with atopic disease history and male gender. Of note, personal autoimmune history showed a significant inverse association with elevated IgE. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid dysfunction rate was low among the consequent children vitiligo patients. Personal autoimmune history was inversely associated with elevated IgE. Various clinical characteristics and pathogenesis might contribute to different long-term outcomes of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fulun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuhui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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6
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Ma J, Cheng L, Wu YY, Cai XY, Liang B, Xiao FL. A retrospective analysis of 925 cases of segmental vitiligo in a Chinese Han population. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e379-e381. [PMID: 33539593 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Y-Y Wu
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - X-Y Cai
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - B Liang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - F-L Xiao
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Leung AKC, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL. Vitiligo: An Updated Narrative Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2021; 17:76-91. [PMID: 33302860 DOI: 10.2174/1573396316666201210125858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a relatively common acquired pigmentation disorder that can cause significant psychological stress and stigmatism. OBJECTIVE This article aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of vitiligo. METHODS A Pubmed search was conducted in Clinical Queries using the key term "vitiligo". The search included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to English language. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. RESULTS Approximately one quarter of patients with vitiligo have the onset before 10 years of age. Genetic, immunological, neurogenic and environmental factors may have a role to play in the pathogenesis. Vitiligo typically presents as acquired depigmented, well-demarcated macules/patches that appear milk- or chalk-white in color. Lesions tend to increase in number and enlarge centrifugally in size with time. Sites of predilection include the face, followed by the neck, lower limbs, trunk, and upper limbs. The clinical course is generally unpredictable. In children with fair skin, no active treatment is usually necessary other than the use of sunscreens and camouflage cosmetics. If treatment is preferred for cosmesis, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy are the mainstays of treatment. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of all the treatment modalities varies considerably from individual to individual. As such, treatment must be individualized. In general, the best treatment response is seen in younger patients, recent disease onset, darker skin types, and head and neck lesions. Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors are the treatment choice for those with localized disease. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are generally preferred for lesions on genitalia, intertriginous areas, face, and neck. Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy should be considered in patients who have widespread vitiligo or those with localized vitiligo associated with a significant impact on the quality of life who do not respond to treatment with topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph M Lam
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kin Fon Leong
- Pediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
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Mahajan VK, Verma YR, Mehta KS, Chauhan PS, Sharma R, Sharma A, Sharma H, Rana A. Adults with a more extensive body involvement, moderate to extremely severe vitiligo and a prolonged clinical course have an early onset in childhood in addition to other prognostic factors as compared to individuals with later-onset vitiligo. Australas J Dermatol 2020; 62:e24-e28. [PMID: 32812240 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent and disease severity, duration and other associated prognostic cofactors in vitiligo in adults may vary with the age of onset (before or after 10 years of age). OBJECTIVES To compare extent and disease severity, duration and other cofactors in adults with early-onset and late-onset vitiligo. METHODS The medical records of 408 (M:F 1:1.1) adults aged 20-75 years diagnosed with vitiligo between January 2016 and December 2019 were examined retrospectively. The extent and severity of vitiligo were defined. Characteristics of vitiligo with early onset and late onset were compared statistically and odds ratios calculated for risk assessment. RESULTS 31 (7.6%, M:F 1:2.4) patients had early-onset vitiligo, and 377 (92.4%, M:F 0.8:1) patients had later-onset vitiligo. Compared to late onset, patients with early-onset vitiligo had a significant number of males (71% vs 45.9%), higher percentages of body surface area involvement and moderate to extremely severe disease (29% vs 10.6%), longer duration of disease (41.9% vs 9%), Koebner's phenomenon (48.4% vs 15.6%) and halo nevus (9.7% vs 1.9%). Differences between the two groups were not significant for types of vitiligo, family history of vitiligo and presence of cutaneous and systemic/autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION The adults, males in particular, with generalised vitiligo (>10% BSA involvement) appear to have an early onset and a prolonged clinical course. The presence of Koebner's phenomenon and halo nevus in patients with early-onset vitiligo was other poor prognostic factors compared to patients with late-onset vitiligo. The retrospective, hospital-based cross-sectional design and small sample size for stratification remain major limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram K Mahajan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yog Raj Verma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Karaninder S Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pushpinder Singh Chauhan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Reena Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Hitender Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Rana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmenting skin disease characterized by a progressive loss of functional melanocytes. It may appear from the first years of life to late adulthood. Childhood vitiligo (CV), defined as vitiligo that begins before the age of 12 years, is common and may differ from post-CV in terms of epidemiology, clinical presentation, comorbidities, and treatment options. Taking into consideration the potential significant psychosocial impact of the disease on both children and their parents, all available therapeutic options must be offered to patients who desire treatment. According to the most recent guidelines, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy are the most commonly used treatment modalities for vitiligo in children. This review presents recent data regarding the whole spectrum of CV. Differences between CV and post-CV are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Electra Nicolaidou
- First Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Mastraftsi
- First Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassiliki Tzanetakou
- First Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Rigopoulos
- First Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, "A. Sygros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
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Lommerts J, Njoo M, Rie M, Wolkerstorfer A, Bekkenk M. Twenty‐year follow‐up using a postal survey of childhood vitiligo treated with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:e60-e61. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.E. Lommerts
- Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders (NIPD) Department of Dermatology Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - M.D. Njoo
- Department of Dermatology Ziekenhuisgroep Twente Almelo/Hengelo the Netherlands
| | - M.A. Rie
- Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders (NIPD) Department of Dermatology Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands
- VU University Medical Centre Department of Dermatology Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - A. Wolkerstorfer
- Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders (NIPD) Department of Dermatology Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - M.W. Bekkenk
- Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders (NIPD) Department of Dermatology Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands
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11
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Singh RK. Impact of Ultraviolet Light on Vitiligo. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 996:55-60. [PMID: 29124690 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a disorder of the melanocytes that results in a dynamic spectrum of skin depigmentation. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial, with data supporting several different hypotheses. Given its prominent phenotype, vitiligo has a significant negative impact on quality of life. Coupled with the chronic and incurable nature of the disease, this presents a formidable treatment challenge. Several treatment modalities have been instituted over the years, with varying efficacy. This chapter focuses on the use of ultraviolet light in vitiligo as an established therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasnik K Singh
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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12
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Sex bias in paediatric autoimmune disease – Not just about sex hormones? J Autoimmun 2016; 69:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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