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McMahon DE, Schuetz AN, Kovarik CL. Emerging infectious diseases of the skin: a review of clinical and histologic findings. Hum Pathol 2023; 140:196-213. [PMID: 37454994 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are of great importance to public health and clinical practice. This review aims to characterize the clinical and histopathologic features of emerging infectious diseases with cutaneous manifestations in order to increase awareness of these entities among dermatologists, pathologists, and dermatopathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon E McMahon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Audrey N Schuetz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Carrie L Kovarik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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2
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Yakupu A, Aimaier R, Yuan B, Chen B, Cheng J, Zhao Y, Peng Y, Dong J, Lu S. The burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1145513. [PMID: 37139398 PMCID: PMC10149786 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1145513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The small number of existing integrative studies on the global distribution and burden of all types of skin and subcutaneous diseases hinders relevant comparisons. Objective This study aimed to determine the latest distribution, epidemiological differences, and factors potentially influencing each skin and subcutaneous disease and the policy implications. Methods Data on the skin and subcutaneous diseases were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths due to skin and subcutaneous diseases in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed and stratified by sex, age, geographical location, and sociodemographic index (SDI). The annual age-standardized rate of change in the incidence was obtained to evaluate temporal trends. Results Of 4,859,267,654 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 4,680,693,440-5,060,498,767) new skin and subcutaneous disease cases that were identified, most were fungal (34.0%) and bacterial (23.0%) skin diseases, which accounted for 98,522 (95% UI 75,116-123,949) deaths. The burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases measured in DALYs was 42,883,695.48 (95%UI, 28,626,691.71-63,438,210.22) in 2019, 5.26% of which were years of life lost, and 94.74% of which were years lived with disability. The highest number of new cases and deaths from skin and subcutaneous diseases was in South Asia. Globally, most new cases were in the 0-4-year age group, with skin and subcutaneous disease incidence slightly higher in men than in women. Conclusion Fungal infections are major contributors to skin and subcutaneous diseases worldwide. Low-middle SDI states had the highest burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases, and this burden has increased globally. Targeted and effective management strategies based on the distribution characteristics of each country are, thus, required to reduce the burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobuliaximu Yakupu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rehanguli Aimaier
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaohua Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Yinbo Peng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyun Dong
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaoyun Dong
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuliang Lu
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Bellini NK, Thiemann OH, Reyes-Batlle M, Lorenzo-Morales J, Costa AO. A history of over 40 years of potentially pathogenic free-living amoeba studies in Brazil - a systematic review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210373. [PMID: 35792751 PMCID: PMC9252135 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-living amoeba (FLA) group includes the potentially pathogenic genera Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, Balamuthia, Sappinia, and Vermamoeba, causative agents of human infections (encephalitis, keratitis, and disseminated diseases). In Brazil, the first report on pathogenic FLA was published in the 70s and showed meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria spp. FLA studies are emerging, but no literature review is available to investigate this trend in Brazil critically. Thus, the present work aims to integrate and discuss these data. Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched, retrieving studies from 1974 to 2020. The screening process resulted in 178 papers, which were clustered into core and auxiliary classes and sorted into five categories: wet-bench studies, dry-bench studies, clinical reports, environmental identifications, and literature reviews. The papers dating from the last ten years account for 75% (134/178) of the total publications, indicating the FLA topic has gained Brazilian interest. Moreover, 81% (144/178) address Acanthamoeba-related matter, revealing this genus as the most prevalent in all categories. Brazil’s Southeast, South, and Midwest geographic regions accounted for 96% (171/178) of the publications studied in the present work. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the pioneer in summarising the FLA research history in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Karla Bellini
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Otavio Henrique Thiemann
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - María Reyes-Batlle
- Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red MP de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Oliveira Costa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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4
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Dayrit JF, Sugiharto A, Coates SJ, Lucero-Prisno DE, Davis MDD, Andersen LK. Climate change, human migration, and skin disease: is there a link? Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:127-138. [PMID: 33971021 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, exemplified by higher average global temperatures resulting in more frequent extreme weather events, has the potential to significantly impact human migration patterns and health. The consequences of environmental catastrophes further destabilize regions with pre-existing states of conflict due to social, political, and/or economic unrest. Migrants may carry diseases from their place of origin to their destinations and once there may be susceptible to diseases in which they had not been previously exposed to. Skin diseases are among the most commonly observed health conditions observed in migrant populations. To improve awareness among dermatologists of the burden of skin diseases among migrants, the group searched the English language scientific literature to identify articles linking climate change, migration, and skin disease. Skin diseases associated with human migration fall into three major categories: (i) communicable diseases, (ii) noncommunicable diseases, and (iii) environmentally mediated diseases. Adopting comprehensive global strategies to improve the health of migrants requires urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Dayrit
- De La Salle University Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmarinas City, Philippines.,Department of Dermatology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Audi Sugiharto
- Department of Dermatology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Sarah J Coates
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Louise K Andersen
- Department of Dermatology, Aleris-Hamlet Private Hospitals, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Wong LL, Borda LJ, Liem T, Keller JJ, Ortega-Loayza AG, Jung E. Atypical Pyoderma Gangrenosum in the Setting of Venous and Arterial Insufficiency. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2021; 22:418-422. [PMID: 33913352 DOI: 10.1177/15347346211002334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ulcers of mixed etiology are diagnostically elusive and challenging to treat, especially when rare conditions are superimposed. Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an autoinflammatory, ulcerative skin disease that is difficult to diagnose. Diagnostic criteria exist but there are no specific clinical tests to identify it. We discuss a case of PG initially diagnosed as venous ulcer in the setting of peripheral artery disease, complicated by superinfection, refractory to standard wound care, multiple surgical debridements, revascularization, negative pressure therapy, and parenteral antibiotics. Findings differentiating PG from other wound etiologies are explored, with the aim of improving clinical recognition of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu L Wong
- 12235University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Luis J Borda
- 12235University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Timothy Liem
- 6684Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jesse J Keller
- 6684Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Enjae Jung
- 6684Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Garcovich S, Maurelli M, Gisondi P, Peris K, Yosipovitch G, Girolomoni G. Pruritus as a Distinctive Feature of Type 2 Inflammation. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030303. [PMID: 33807098 PMCID: PMC8005108 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is a common symptom of several skin diseases, both inflammatory and neoplastic. Pruritus might have a tremendous impact on patients’ quality of life and strongly interfere with sleep, social, and work activities. We review the role of type-2 inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of chronic pruritic conditions of the skin. Type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-13, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, periostin, IL-31, IL-25, and IL-33 are released by mast cells, innate lymphoid cells 2, keratinocytes, and type 2 T lymphocytes, and are master regulators of chronic itch. These cytokines might act as direct pruritogen on primary sensory neurons (pruriceptors) or alter the sensitivity to other itch mediators Type 2 inflammation- and immunity-dominated skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, bullous pemphigoid, scabies, parasitic diseases, urticaria, and Sézary syndrome are indeed conditions associated with most severe pruritus. In contrast, in other skin diseases, such as scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, hidradenitis suppurativa, and acne, type 2 inflammation is less represented, and pruritus is milder or variable. Th2 inflammation and immunity evolved to protect against parasites, and thus, the scratching response evoked by pruritus might have developed to alert about the presence and to remove parasites from the skin surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Garcovich
- Dermatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Maurelli
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (M.M.); (P.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Paolo Gisondi
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (M.M.); (P.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Ketty Peris
- Dermatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Miami Itch Center, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (M.M.); (P.G.); (G.G.)
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7
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Osorio-Pinzon J, Palencia A, Cruz-Calderon S, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Myiasis and Tungiasis. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Masatani T, Kojima I, Tashiro M, Yamauchi K, Fukui D, Ichikawa-Seki M, Harasawa R. Molecular detection of filarial nematode parasites in Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) from Iwate Prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:208-213. [PMID: 33311003 PMCID: PMC7972882 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to detect filarial parasites in blood samples of Japanese black bears
(Ursus thibetanus japonicus) collected from Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
Positive amplicons were obtained from 26 out of 30 samples by nested PCR targeting 18S
ribosomal RNA gene and first internal transcribed spacer regions. DNA sequences of
Mansonella sp. close to M. ozzardi and
Dirofilaria sp. were detected for eight and 11 positive amplicons,
respectively. Co-infection was detected for the remaining seven amplicons.
Dirofilaria sp. was identified as D. ursi by further
genetic analysis of 5S ribosomal RNA gene sequence. The results of this study will
contribute to further investigations of Japanese black bears for monitoring their risk as
a reservoir of possible zoonotic filarial parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Masatani
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Isshu Kojima
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Michiyo Tashiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fukui
- Division of Small Animal Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Ryo Harasawa
- Iwate Research Center for Wildlife Disease, 1-17-4 Nakano, Morioka, Iwate 020-0816, Japan
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Abstract
The study of hospital wastewater (HWW) microbiology is important to understand the pollution load, growth of particular pathogenic microbes, shift and drift in microbial community, development and spread of antibiotic resistance in microbes, and subsequent change in treatment efficiencies. This chapter investigates the potential microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites present in HWW along with the diseases associated and methods of treatment used. Due to the indiscriminate release of antibiotics from hospitals, HWW serves as a hotspot for emergence of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistance bacteria. This chapter discusses the ARGs occurrence in HWW, their prevalence in the environment, the molecular tools used for identification, and different mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer. Thus better understanding of the microbiology of HWW could further help in development of advanced treatment technologies for effective removal of microbes and their bioproducts (toxins and infectious nucleic acid) from HWW and contaminated water.
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Guo Y, Zhu Z, Gao J, Zhang C, Zhang X, Dang E, Li W, Qiao H, Liao W, Wang G, Ma C, Fu M. The Phytopathogenic Fungus Pallidocercospora crystallina-Caused Localized Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis in a Patient with a Homozygous Missense CARD9 Mutation. J Clin Immunol 2019; 39:713-725. [PMID: 31414217 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the past decade, an increasing number of otherwise healthy individuals suffered from invasive fungal infections due to inherited CARD9 mutations. Herein, we present a patient with a homozygous CARD9 mutation who was suffering from localized subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Pallidocercospora crystallina which has not been reported to cause infections in humans. METHODS The medical history of our patient was collected. P. crystallina was isolated from the biopsied tissue. To characterize this novel pathogen, the morphology was analyzed, whole-genome sequencing was performed, and the in vivo immune response was explored in mice. Whole-exome sequencing was carried out with samples from the patient's family. Finally, the expression and function of mutated CARD9 were investigated. RESULTS A dark red plaque was on the patient's left cheek for 16 years and was diagnosed as phaeohyphomycosis due to a P. crystallina infection. Whole-genome sequencing suggested that that this strain had a lower pathogenicity. The in vivo immune response in immunocompetent or immunocompromised mice indicated that P. crystallina could be eradicated within a few weeks. Whole-exome sequencing revealed ahomozygous missense mutation in CARD9 (c.1118G>C p.R373P). The mRNA and protein expression levels were similar among cells carrying homozygous (C/C), heterozygous (G/C), and wild-type (G/G) CARD9 alleles. Compared to PBMCs or neutrophils with heterozygous or wild-type CARD9 alleles, however, PBMCs or neutrophils with homozygous CARD9 alleles showed impaired anti-P. crystallina effects. CONCLUSION Localized subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by P. crystallina was reported in a patient with a homozygous CARD9 mutation. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of a CARD9 mutation in seemingly healthy patients with unexplainable phaeohyphomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlai Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixin Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiling Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Johansen MB, Jemec GB, Fabricius S. Effective treatment with photodynamic therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A case report. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e13022. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregor B.E. Jemec
- Department of DermatologyZealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
| | - Susanne Fabricius
- Department of DermatologyZealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
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12
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Ghobakhloo N, Motazedian MH, Naderi S, Ebrahimi S. Isolation of Crithidia spp. from lesions of immunocompetent patients with suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 24:116-126. [PMID: 29446852 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leishmania major has been considered as the main aetiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. However, there are recent reports about the existence of Crithidia spp in cutaneous lesions in southern Iran. Therefore, this study was designed to decipher some morphological, biological and molecular aspects of this phenomenon. METHODS Clinical isolates were obtained from 167 patients with cutaneous ulcers. A set of specific primers based on GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) gene were used to distinguish between Crithidia and Leishmania genera. For molecular analysis, Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and Mi-Seq Illumina platform were applied. Then, morphological analysis and some biological features (including potential growth at 37 °C and the ability of infecting mammalian macrophages) were studied. RESULTS In 92.8% of clinical cases, L. major was the only causative microorganism isolated; in 5.4% of cases, co-infection of L. major and Crithidia spp. was identified; and in 1.8% of lesions, only Crithidia spp. were found. CONCLUSION We isolated Crithidia spp. from clinical samples of patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran, indicating that Crithidia spp. are capable of surviving at human body temperature and infecting macrophage cells. This raises questions on the influence of this phenomenon on pathogenicity, therapeutic outcome and disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Ghobakhloo
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Motazedian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Science in Infectious Diseases, Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Naderi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ebrahimi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Gwynn AD, Sharkey L, Gerhold R, Holland A, Isaac EJ, Michalski S, Teigen L. What is your diagnosis? Blood film from a Black bear (Ursus americanus). Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:643-644. [PMID: 28745834 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela D Gwynn
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Leslie Sharkey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Rick Gerhold
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony Holland
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Edmund J Isaac
- Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Grand Portage, MN, USA
| | - Shelly Michalski
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Laura Teigen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
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Li Y, Fang X, Zhou X, Geng S, Wang Y, Yang X. Pathogenicity of Conidiobolus coronatus and Fusarium solani in mouse models. Mycoses 2017; 60:394-401. [PMID: 28239908 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To study the pathogenicity of Conidiobolus coronatus (C. coronatus) and Fusarium solani (F. solani) in animal models. Immunocompromised mice were treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone via intraperitoneal injection before and after inoculation. According to pathogenic characteristics of different fungi, C. coronatus was used to infect mice via intravenous inoculation, intraperitoneal inoculation, gastrointestinal infusion and intradermal inoculation methods. And F. solani was used to infect mice by inoculation via the abraded or normal skin. In the group of immunocompromised mice, C. coronatus was isolated from the lung tissues of one mouse on day 7 and another on day 10 respectively. The corresponding histopathology revealed infiltration of local inflammatory cells in the lung tissue. Pathogenic lesions were observed in all normal and immunocompromised mice infected with F. solani via abraded skin. The lesions in the immunocompromised mice were more severe and persisted longer than those in the normal mice. Moreover, hyphae were mostly observed in the histopathological examination and fungal culture from the immunocompromised mouse. The pathogenicity of C. coronatus was relatively weak as it did not induce local infections and did not disseminate the disease in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. Therefore, F. solani is a type of opportunistic pathogenic fungus, and abraded skin is one of the causative routes of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Li
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangang Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Geng
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Opletalova V, Dolezel J, Kunes J, Buchta V, Vejsova M, Kucerova-Chlupacova M. Synthesis and Antifungal Screening of 2-{[1-(5-Alkyl/arylalkylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazono}-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111592. [PMID: 27886119 PMCID: PMC6274558 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel thiosemicarbazones and eight novel 2-{[1-(5-alkyl/arylalkylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazono}-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones were prepared and tested against a panel of eight fungal strains–Candida albicans ATCC 44859, Candida tropicalis 156, Candida krusei E 28, Candida glabrata 20/I, Trichosporon asahii 1188, Aspergillus fumigatus 231, Lichtheimia corymbifera 272, and Trichophyton interdigitale 445. 1,3-Thiazolidin-4-ones exhibited activity against all strains, the most potent derivative was 2-{[1-(5-butylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazono}e-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one. Susceptibility of C. glabrata to the studied 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were in the range 0.57 to 2.78 mg/L) is of great interest as this opportunistic pathogen is poorly susceptible to azoles and becomes resistant to echinocandins. Antifungal potency of thiosemicarbazones was slightly lower than that of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Opletalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Dolezel
- GlaxoSmithKline, Hvezdova 1734/2c, 140 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Kunes
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Buchta
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcela Vejsova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Marta Kucerova-Chlupacova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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