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Dede EÇ, Gizer M, Korkusuz F, Bal Z, Ishiguro H, Yoshikawa H, Kaito T, Korkusuz P. A pilot study: Nano-hydroxyapatite-PEG/PLA containing low dose rhBMP2 stimulates proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1258. [PMID: 37780828 PMCID: PMC10540822 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can enhance posterolateral spinal fusion (PLSF). The minimum effective dose that may stimulate mesenchymal stem cells however remains unknown. Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polylactic acid (PLA) was combined with recombinant human BMP2 (rhBMP2). We in vitro evaluated proliferation, differentiation, and osteogenic genes of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 μg/mL rhBMP2 doses in this study. Methods In vitro experimental study was designed to proliferation by a real-time quantitative cell analysis system and the osteogenic differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic marker (Runx2, OPN, and OCN) gene expressions of human derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs). nHAp was produced by wet chemical process and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. PEG/PLA polymer was produced at a 51:49 molar ratio. 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 μg/mL rhBMP2 and nHAp was combined with the polymers. hBMMSCs were characterized by multipotency assays and surface markers were assessed by flow cytometer. The hBMMSC-rhBMP2 containing nHAp-PEG/PLA composite interaction was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Proliferative effect was evaluated by real-time proliferation analysis, and osteogenic capacity was evaluated by ALP activity assay and qPCR. Results hBMMSC proliferation in the 0.5 μg/mL rhBMP2 + nHAp-PEG/PLA and the 1.0 μg/mL rhBMP2 + nHAp-PEG/PLA groups were higher compared to control. 1.0 μg/mL rhBMP2 + nHAp-PEG/PLA and 3.0 μg/mL rhBMP2 + nHAp-PEG/PLA containing composites induced ALP activity on days 3 and 10. 0.5 μg/mL rhBMP2 + nHAp-PEG/PLA application stimulated Runx2 and OPN gene expressions. Conclusion rhBMP2 + nHAp-PEG/PLA composites stimulate hBMMSC proliferation and differentiation. The nHAp-PEG/PLA composite with low dose of rhBMP2 may enhance bone formation in future clinical PLSF applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Çiftci Dede
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and EngineeringHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
| | - Merve Gizer
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health SciencesHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Feza Korkusuz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Zeynep Bal
- Signal Transduction, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNational Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryToyonaka Municipal HospitalOsakaJapan
| | | | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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2
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Afzal J, Du W, Novin A, Liu Y, Wali K, Murthy A, Garen A, Wagner G. Paracrine HB-EGF signaling reduce enhanced contractile and energetic state of activated decidual fibroblasts by rebalancing SRF-MRTF-TCF transcriptional axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:927631. [PMID: 36147738 PMCID: PMC9485834 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.927631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple parallels exist between placentation and cancer dissemination at molecular, cellular, and anatomical levels, presenting placentation as a unique model to mechanistically understand the onset of cancer metastasis. In humans, interaction of placenta and the endometrium results eventually in deep invasion of placental extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal stroma, a process similar to stromal trespass by disseminating carcinoma cells. In anticipation of implantation, endometrial fibroblasts (ESFs) undergo a process called decidualization during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Decidualization, among other substantial changes associated with ESF differentiation, also involves a component of fibroblast activation, and myofibroblast transformation. Here, using traction force microscopy, we show that increased cellular contractility in decidualized ESFs is reversed after interaction with EVTs. We also report here the large changes in energetic state of ESFs upon decidualization, showing increased oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial competency and ATP generation, as well as enhanced aerobic glycolysis, presenting mechanical contractility and energetic state as new functional hallmarks for decidualization. These energetic changes accompanying the marked increase in contractile force generation in decidualization were reduced in the presence of EVTs. We also show that increase in decidual contractility and mechanical resistance to invasion is achieved by SRF-MRTF transcriptional activation, achieved via increased phosphorylation of fibroblast-specific myosin light chain 9 (MYL9). EVT induced paracrine secretion of Heparin Binding Epidermal Growth Factor (HBEGF), a potent MAPK activator, which shifts the balance of SRF association away from MRTF based transcription, reducing decidual ESF contractility and mechanical resistance to placental invasion. Our results identify a new axis of intercellular communication in the placental bed modulating stromal force generation and resistance to invasion with concurrent downregulation of cellular energetics. These findings have important implications for implantation related disorders, as well as stromal control of cancer dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Afzal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Junaid Afzal, ; Kshitiz,
| | - Wenqiang Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Ashkan Novin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Khadija Wali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Anarghya Murthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Ashley Garen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Gunter Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT, United States
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, United States
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3
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Afzal J, Liu Y, Du W, Suhail Y, Zong P, Feng J, Ajeti V, Sayyad WA, Nikolaus J, Yankova M, Deymier AC, Yue L, Kshitiz. Cardiac ultrastructure inspired matrix induces advanced metabolic and functional maturation of differentiated human cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111146. [PMID: 35905711 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast potential of human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in preclinical models of cardiac pathologies, precision medicine, and drug screening remains to be fully realized because hiPSC-CMs are immature without adult-like characteristics. Here, we present a method to accelerate hiPSC-CM maturation on a substrate, cardiac mimetic matrix (CMM), mimicking adult human heart matrix ligand chemistry, rigidity, and submicron ultrastructure, which synergistically mature hiPSC-CMs rapidly within 30 days. hiPSC-CMs matured on CMM exhibit systemic transcriptomic maturation toward an adult heart state, are aligned with high strain energy, metabolically rely on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation, and display enhanced redox handling capability, efficient calcium handling, and electrophysiological features of ventricular myocytes. Endothelin-1-induced pathological hypertrophy is mitigated on CMM, highlighting the role of a native cardiac microenvironment in withstanding hypertrophy progression. CMM is a convenient model for accelerated development of ventricular myocytes manifesting highly specialized cardiac-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Afzal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Wenqiang Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Yasir Suhail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Center for Cellular Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Visar Ajeti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Center for Cellular Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Wasim A Sayyad
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joerg Nikolaus
- West Campus Imaging Core, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06477, USA
| | - Maya Yankova
- Electron Microscopy Core, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Alix C Deymier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Kshitiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Center for Cellular Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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Wu CC, Wang CJ, Chang CLT, Shiku H, Wang YR, Yan JD, Ding SJ. Dissolved Oxygen-Sensing Chip Integrating an Open Container Connected with a Position-Raised Channel for Estimation of Cellular Mitochondrial Activity. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1808-1818. [PMID: 35748570 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of oxygen consumption of adherent cells is a profoundly important issue for estimating the bioenergetic health and metabolism activity of cells. The study describes the construction of a microfluidic chip consisting of an open container connected with a position-raised channel and dissolved oxygen (DO)-sensing gold ultramicroelectrodes for quantifying the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of adherent cells. The microfluidic chip design can reduce the action of shear force on the adherent cells during medium replacement. The residual concentration of analytes in the open container was only 4.4% after solution replacement via the position-raised channel. The DO reduction current measured by ultramicroelectrodes averaged in the range of 40-60 s presented high reproducibility with a 1.1% relative standard deviation suitable for OCR calculation. After short-term (90 min) cultivation, the microfluidic chip can monitor the time-dependent change in the OCR of 3T3-L1 cells for several hours by repeatedly replacing the culture medium or with the stimulation of different mitochondrial inhibitors. The presented microfluidic cell-based chip has great promise for drug screening and chemosensitivity testing by measuring OCR to evaluate the mitochondrial function of adherent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chou Wu
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.,Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Jen Wang
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | | | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-Ren Wang
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Jia-De Yan
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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Xie X, Shu R, Yu C, Fu Z, Li Z. Mammalian AKT, the Emerging Roles on Mitochondrial Function in Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:157-174. [PMID: 35111368 PMCID: PMC8782557 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a crucial role in various diseases due to its roles in the regulation of energy production and cellular metabolism. Serine/threonine kinase (AKT) is a highly recognized antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferation, and endocrine modulatory molecule. Interestingly, increasing studies have revealed that AKT can modulate mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, redox states, dynamic balance, autophagy, and metabolism. AKT thus plays multifaceted roles in mitochondrial function and is involved in the modulation of mitochondria-related diseases. This paper reviews the protective effects of AKT and its potential mechanisms of action in relation to mitochondrial function in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Shu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunan Yu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- 2Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Afzal J, Vakrou S, Greenland GV, Talbot CC, Hebl VB, Guan Y, Karmali R, Tardiff JC, Leinwand LA, Olgin JE, Das S, Fukunaga R, Abraham MR. Differences in microRNA-29 and Pro-fibrotic Gene Expression in Mouse and Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:170. [PMID: 31921893 PMCID: PMC6928121 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Studies in two mouse models (R92W-TnT/R403Q-MyHC) at early HCM stage revealed upregulation of endothelin (ET1) signaling in both mutants, but TGFβ signaling only in TnT mutants. Dysregulation of miR-29 expression has been implicated in cardiac fibrosis. But it is unknown whether expression of miR-29a/b/c and profibrotic genes is commonly regulated in mouse and human HCM. Methods: In order to understand mechanisms underlying fibrosis in HCM, and examine similarities/differences in expression of miR-29a/b/c and several profibrotic genes in mouse and human HCM, we performed parallel studies in rat cardiac myocyte/fibroblast cultures, examined gene expression in two mouse models of (non-obstructive) HCM (R92W-TnT, R403Q-MyHC)/controls at early (5 weeks) and established (24 weeks) disease stage, and analyzed publicly available mRNA/miRNA expression data from obstructive-HCM patients undergoing septal myectomy/controls (unused donor hearts). Results: Myocyte cultures: ET1 increased superoxide/H2O2, stimulated TGFβ expression/secretion, and suppressed miR-29a expression in myocytes. The effect of ET1 on miR-29 and TGFβ expression/secretion was antagonized by N-acetyl-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Fibroblast cultures: ET1 had no effect on pro-fibrotic gene expression in fibroblasts. TGFβ1/TGFβ2 suppressed miR-29a and increased collagen expression, which was abolished by miR-29a overexpression. Mouse and human HCM: Expression of miR-29a/b/c was lower, and TGFB1/collagen gene expression was higher in TnT mutant-LV at 5 and 24 weeks; no difference was observed in expression of these genes in MyHC mutant-LV and in human myectomy tissue. TGFB2 expression was higher in LV of both mutant mice and human myectomy tissue. ACE2, a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, was the most upregulated transcript in human myectomy tissue. Pathway analysis predicted upregulation of the anti-hypertrophic/anti-fibrotic liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) pathway only in human myectomy tissue. Conclusions: Our in vitro studies suggest that activation of ET1 signaling in cardiac myocytes increases reactive oxygen species and stimulates TGFβ secretion, which downregulates miR-29a and increases collagen in fibroblasts, thus contributing to fibrosis. Our gene expression studies in mouse and human HCM reveal allele-specific differences in miR-29 family/profibrotic gene expression in mouse HCM, and activation of anti-hypertrophic/anti-fibrotic genes and pathways in human HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Junaid Afzal
- Division of Cardiology, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Styliani Vakrou
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gabriela V Greenland
- Division of Cardiology, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Virginia B Hebl
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, Murray, UT, United States
| | - Yufan Guan
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rehan Karmali
- Division of Cardiology, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jil C Tardiff
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Olgin
- Division of Cardiology, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ryuya Fukunaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - M Roselle Abraham
- Division of Cardiology, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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