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Lee YC, Jou YC, Chou WC, Tsai KL, Shen CH, Lee SD. Ellagic acid protects against angiotensin II-induced hypertrophic responses through ROS-mediated MAPK pathway in H9c2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3253-3263. [PMID: 38356441 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The early myocardial response of hypertension is an elevation of angiotensin-II (Ang-II) concentration, leading to heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy. This hypertrophic event of the heart is mediated by the interaction of Ang type 1 receptors (AT-R1), thereby modulating NADPH oxidase activity in cardiomyocytes, which alters redox status in cardiomyocytes. Ellagic acid (EA) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative capacities. Thus, EA has potential preventive effects on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. In the last decades, because the protective effect of EA on Ang-II-induced hypertrophic responses is unclear, this study aims to investigate the protective effect of EA in cardiomyocytes. H9c2 cells were treated to Ang-II 1 μM for 24 h to induce cellular damage. We found that EA protected against Ang-II-increased cell surface area and pro-hypertrophic gene expression in H9c2. EA reduced Ang-II-caused AT-R1 upregulation, thereby inhibiting oxidative stress NADPH oxidase activation. EA mitigated Ang-II-enhanced p38 and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Moreover, EA treatment under Ang-II stimulation also reversed NF-κB activity and iNOS expression. This study shows that EA protects against Ang-II-induced myocardial hypertrophy and attenuates oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in H9c2 cells. Thus, EA may be an effective compound for preventing Ang-II-induced myocardial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Che Lee
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Chin Jou
- Department of Urology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ching Chou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, PhD program in Healthcare Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Ramos-Mondragón R, Lozhkin A, Vendrov AE, Runge MS, Isom LL, Madamanchi NR. NADPH Oxidases and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1833. [PMID: 37891912 PMCID: PMC10604902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia and its prevalence increases with age. The irregular and rapid contraction of the atria can lead to ineffective blood pumping, local blood stasis, blood clots, ischemic stroke, and heart failure. NADPH oxidases (NOX) and mitochondria are the main sources of reactive oxygen species in the heart, and dysregulated activation of NOX and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with AF pathogenesis. NOX- and mitochondria-derived oxidative stress contribute to the onset of paroxysmal AF by inducing electrophysiological changes in atrial myocytes and structural remodeling in the atria. Because high atrial activity causes cardiac myocytes to expend extremely high energy to maintain excitation-contraction coupling during persistent AF, mitochondria, the primary energy source, undergo metabolic stress, affecting their morphology, Ca2+ handling, and ATP generation. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in activating AF-triggered activities, regulating intracellular Ca2+ handling, and functional and anatomical reentry mechanisms, all of which are associated with AF initiation, perpetuation, and progression. Changes in the extracellular matrix, inflammation, ion channel expression and function, myofibril structure, and mitochondrial function occur during the early transitional stages of AF, opening a window of opportunity to target NOX and mitochondria-derived oxidative stress using isoform-specific NOX inhibitors and mitochondrial ROS scavengers, as well as drugs that improve mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism to treat persistent AF and its transition to permanent AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ramos-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 2301 Medical Science Research Building III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.R.-M.); (L.L.I.)
| | - Andrey Lozhkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Aleksandr E. Vendrov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Marschall S. Runge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Lori L. Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 2301 Medical Science Research Building III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.R.-M.); (L.L.I.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nageswara R. Madamanchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
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Schenkl C, Heyne E, Doenst T, Schulze PC, Nguyen TD. Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism to Save the Failing Heart. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041027. [PMID: 37109556 PMCID: PMC10143865 DOI: 10.3390/life13041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in treating cardiac disorders, the prevalence of heart failure (HF) keeps growing, making it a global medical and economic burden. HF is characterized by profound metabolic remodeling, which mostly occurs in the mitochondria. Although it is well established that the failing heart is energy-deficient, the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of HF extends beyond the energetic aspects. Changes in substrate oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory chain have emerged as key players in regulating myocardial energy homeostasis, Ca2+ handling, oxidative stress and inflammation. This work aims to highlight metabolic alterations in the mitochondria and their far-reaching effects on the pathophysiology of HF. Based on this knowledge, we will also discuss potential metabolic approaches to improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schenkl
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Estelle Heyne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Paul Christian Schulze
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Critical Care Medicine), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Tien Dung Nguyen
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Critical Care Medicine), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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4
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk for the development and progression of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease. Chronic kidney disease may also affect the myocardium through complex systemic changes, resulting in structural remodeling such as hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as impairments in both diastolic and systolic function. These cardiac changes in the setting of chronic kidney disease define a specific cardiomyopathic phenotype known as uremic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac function is tightly linked to its metabolism, and research over the past 3 decades has revealed significant metabolic remodeling in the myocardium during the development of heart failure. Because the concept of uremic cardiomyopathy has only been recognized in recent years, there are limited data on metabolism in the uremic heart. Nonetheless, recent findings suggest overlapping mechanisms with heart failure. This work reviews key features of metabolic remodeling in the failing heart in the general population and extends this to patients with chronic kidney disease. The knowledge of similarities and differences in cardiac metabolism between heart failure and uremic cardiomyopathy may help identify new targets for mechanistic and therapeutic research on uremic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dung Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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5
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Fibroblast growth factor 18 alleviates stress-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1235. [PMID: 36871047 PMCID: PMC9985628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-18 (FGF18) has diverse organ development and damage repair roles. However, its role in cardiac homeostasis following hypertrophic stimulation remains unknown. Here we investigate the regulation and function of the FGF18 in pressure overload (PO)-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. FGF18 heterozygous (Fgf18+/-) and inducible cardiomyocyte-specific FGF18 knockout (Fgf18-CKO) male mice exposed to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) demonstrate exacerbated pathological cardiac hypertrophy with increased oxidative stress, cardiomyocyte death, fibrosis, and dysfunction. In contrast, cardiac-specific overexpression of FGF18 alleviates hypertrophy, decreased oxidative stress, attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and ameliorates fibrosis and cardiac function. Tyrosine-protein kinase FYN (FYN), the downstream factor of FGF18, was identified by bioinformatics analysis, LC-MS/MS and experiment validation. Mechanistic studies indicate that FGF18/FGFR3 promote FYN activity and expression and negatively regulate NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), thereby inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and alleviating pathological cardiac hypertrophy. This study uncovered the previously unknown cardioprotective effect of FGF18 mediated by the maintenance of redox homeostasis through the FYN/NOX4 signaling axis in male mice, suggesting a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Miao R, Wang L, Chen Z, Ge S, Li L, Zhang K, Chen Y, Guo W, Duan X, Zhu M, Zhao G, Lin F. Advances in the study of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in myocardial remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1000578. [PMID: 36407440 PMCID: PMC9669076 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodeling is a key pathophysiological basis of heart failure, which seriously threatens human health and causes a severe economic burden worldwide. During chronic stress, the heart undergoes myocardial remodeling, mainly manifested by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, interstitial fibrosis, chamber enlargement, and cardiac dysfunction. The NADPH oxidase family (NOXs) are multisubunit transmembrane enzyme complexes involved in the generation of redox signals. Studies have shown that NOXs are highly expressed in the heart and are involved in the pathological development process of myocardial remodeling, which influences the development of heart failure. This review summarizes the progress of research on the pathophysiological processes related to the regulation of myocardial remodeling by NOXs, suggesting that NOXs-dependent regulatory mechanisms of myocardial remodeling are promising new therapeutic targets for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runran Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shiqi Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xulei Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Teuber JP, Essandoh K, Hummel SL, Madamanchi NR, Brody MJ. NADPH Oxidases in Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091822. [PMID: 36139898 PMCID: PMC9495396 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases regulate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage to cellular components but also regulate redox signaling in many cell types with essential functions in the cardiovascular system. Research over the past couple of decades has uncovered mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes regulate oxidative stress and compartmentalize intracellular signaling in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and other cell types. NOX2 and NOX4, for example, regulate distinct redox signaling mechanisms in cardiac myocytes pertinent to the onset and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which accounts for at least half of all heart failure cases and has few effective treatments to date, is classically associated with ventricular diastolic dysfunction, i.e., defects in ventricular relaxation and/or filling. However, HFpEF afflicts multiple organ systems and is associated with systemic pathologies including inflammation, oxidative stress, arterial stiffening, cardiac fibrosis, and renal, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Basic science studies and clinical data suggest a role for systemic and myocardial oxidative stress in HFpEF, and evidence from animal models demonstrates the critical functions of NOX enzymes in diastolic function and several HFpEF-associated comorbidities. Here, we discuss the roles of NOX enzymes in cardiovascular cells that are pertinent to the development and progression of diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF and outline potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Teuber
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kobina Essandoh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott L Hummel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Hung CS, Chang YY, Tsai CH, Liao CW, Peng SY, Lee BC, Pan CT, Wu XM, Chen ZW, Wu VC, Wan CH, Young MJ, Chou CH, Lin YH. Aldosterone suppresses cardiac mitochondria. Transl Res 2022; 239:58-70. [PMID: 34411778 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum aldosterone promotes arterial hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction. However, the effect of elevated aldosterone levels on cardiac mitochondria remains unclear. We used primary cultures of mouse cardiomyocytes to determine whether aldosterone has direct effects on cardiomyocyte mitochondria, and aldosterone-infused mice as a preclinical model to evaluate the impact of aldosterone in vivo. We show that aldosterone suppressed mtDNA copy number and SOD2 expression via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-dependent regulation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in primary mouse cardiomyocytes. Aldosterone suppressed cardiac mitochondria adenosine triphosphate production, which was rescued by N-acetylcysteine. Aldosterone infusion for 4 weeks in mice suppressed the number of cardiac mitochondria, mtDNA copy number, and SOD2 protein expression. MR blockade by eplerenone or the administration of N-acetylcysteine prevented aldosterone-induced cardiac mitochondrial damage in vivo. Similarly, patients with primary aldosteronism had a lower plasma leukocyte mtDNA copy number. Plasma leukocyte mtDNA copy number was positively correlated with 24-hour urinary aldosterone level and left ventricular mass index. In conclusion, aldosterone suppresses cardiac mitochondria in vivo and directly via MR activation of ROS pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sheng Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Yi-Yao Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Jinshan Branch, New Taipei City , Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Che-Wei Liao
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan, University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Shih-Yuan Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Bo-Ching Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Chien-Ting Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Xue-Ming Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taoyuan City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Zheng-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Cho-Hua Wan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Morag J Young
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, Australia.
| | - Chia-Hung Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
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Islam MMT, Tarnowski D, Zhang M, Trum M, Lebek S, Mustroph J, Daniel H, Moellencamp J, Pabel S, Sossalla S, El‐Armouche A, Nikolaev VO, Shah AM, Eaton P, Maier LS, Sag CM, Wagner S. Enhanced Heart Failure in Redox-Dead Cys17Ser PKARIα Knock-In Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021985. [PMID: 34583520 PMCID: PMC8649132 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background PKARIα (protein kinase A type I-α regulatory subunit) is redox-active independent of its physiologic agonist cAMP. However, it is unknown whether this alternative mechanism of PKARIα activation may be of relevance to cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Methods and Results We used a redox-dead transgenic mouse model with homozygous knock-in replacement of redox-sensitive cysteine 17 with serine within the regulatory subunits of PKARIα (KI). Reactive oxygen species were acutely evoked by exposure of isolated cardiac myocytes to AngII (angiotensin II, 1 µmol/L). The long-term relevance of oxidized PKARIα was investigated in KI mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). AngII increased reactive oxygen species in both groups but with RIα dimer formation in WT only. AngII induced translocation of PKARI to the cell membrane and resulted in protein kinase A-dependent stimulation of ICa (L-type Ca current) in WT with no effect in KI myocytes. Consequently, Ca transients were reduced in KI myocytes as compared with WT cells following acute AngII exposure. Transverse aortic constriction-related reactive oxygen species formation resulted in RIα oxidation in WT but not in KI mice. Within 6 weeks after TAC, KI mice showed an enhanced deterioration of contractile function and impaired survival compared with WT. In accordance, compared with WT, ventricular myocytes from failing KI mice displayed significantly reduced Ca transient amplitudes and lack of ICa stimulation. Conversely, direct pharmacological stimulation of ICa using Bay K8644 rescued Ca transients in AngII-treated KI myocytes and contractile function in failing KI mice in vivo. Conclusions Oxidative activation of PKARIα with subsequent stimulation of ICa preserves cardiac function in the setting of acute and chronic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Towhidul Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of DhakaBangladesh
| | - Daniel Tarnowski
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & SciencesKings College London British Heart Foundation Centre of ExcellenceLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maximilian Trum
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Simon Lebek
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Julian Mustroph
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Henriette Daniel
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Johanna Moellencamp
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Steffen Pabel
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Ali El‐Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyTechnical University DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Viacheslav O. Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular ResearchUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfEppendorfGermany
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & SciencesKings College London British Heart Foundation Centre of ExcellenceLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip Eaton
- The William Harvey Research InstituteBarts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lars S. Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Can Martin Sag
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
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Zhang M, Xu Y, Chen J, Qin C, Liu J, Guo D, Wang R, Hu J, Zou Q, Yang J, Wang Z, Niu X. Beta3-Adrenergic Receptor Activation Alleviates Cardiac Dysfunction in Cardiac Hypertrophy by Regulating Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3417242. [PMID: 34646422 PMCID: PMC8505079 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3417242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive myocardial oxidative stress could lead to the congestive heart failure. NADPH oxidase is involved in the pathological process of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction. β3-Adrenergic receptor (AR) could regulate cardiac dysfunction proved by recent researches. The molecular mechanism of β3-AR regulating oxidative stress, especially NADPH oxidase, remains to be determined. METHODS Cardiac hypertrophy was constructed by the transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model. ROS and NADPH oxidase subunits expression were assessed after β3-AR agonist (BRL) or inhibitor (SR) administration in cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, the cardiac function, fibrosis, heart size, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocytes apoptosis were also detected. RESULTS β3-AR activation significantly alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in pressure-overloaded mice. β3-AR stimulation also improved heart function and reduced cardiomyocytes apoptosis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Meanwhile, β3-AR stimulation inhibited superoxide anion production and decreased NADPH oxidase activity. Furthermore, BRL treatment increased the neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression in cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSION β3-AR stimulation alleviated cardiac dysfunction and reduced cardiomyocytes apoptosis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis by inhibiting NADPH oxidases. In addition, the protective effect of β3-AR is largely attributed to nNOS activation in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuerong Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianghong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaoshi Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingxiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zikuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Marino A, Hausenloy DJ, Andreadou I, Horman S, Bertrand L, Beauloye C. AMP-activated protein kinase: A remarkable contributor to preserve a healthy heart against ROS injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:238-254. [PMID: 33675956 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Left ventricle remodeling, fibrosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury all contribute to the deterioration of cardiac function and predispose to the onset of heart failure. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the universally recognized energy sensor which responds to low ATP levels and restores cellular metabolism. AMPK activation controls numerous cellular processes and, in the heart, it plays a pivotal role in preventing onset and progression of disease. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, known as oxidative stress, can activate AMPK, conferring an additional role of AMPK as a redox-sensor. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the crosstalk between ROS and AMPK. We describe the molecular mechanisms by which ROS activate AMPK and how AMPK signaling can further prevent heart failure progression. Ultimately, we review the potential therapeutic approaches to target AMPK for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and prevention of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Marino
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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12
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Wang C, Gaspari TA, Ferens D, Spizzo I, Kemp-Harper BK, Samuel CS. Simultaneous targeting of oxidative stress and fibrosis reverses cardiomyopathy-induced ventricular remodelling and dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2424-2442. [PMID: 33660265 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oxidative stress and fibrosis are hallmarks of cardiomyopathy-induced heart failure yet are not effectively targeted by current frontline therapies. Here, the therapeutic effects of the anti-oxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), were compared and combined with an acute heart failure drug with established anti-fibrotic effects, serelaxin (RLX), in a murine model of cardiomyopathy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Adult male 129sv mice were subjected to repeated isoprenaline (25 mg·kg-1 )-induced cardiac injury for five consecutive days and then left to undergo fibrotic healing until Day 14. Subgroups of isoprenaline-injured mice were treated with RLX (0.5 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ), NAC (25 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) or both combined, given subcutaneously via osmotic minipumps from Day 7 to 14. Control mice received saline instead of isoprenaline. KEY RESULTS Isoprenaline-injured mice showed increased left ventricular (LV) inflammation (~5-fold), oxidative stress (~1-2.5-fold), cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (~25%), cardiac remodelling, fibrosis (~2-2.5-fold) and dysfunction by Day 14 after injury. NAC alone blocked the cardiomyopathy-induced increase in LV superoxide levels, to a greater extent than RLX. Additionally, either treatment alone only partly reduced several measures of LV inflammation, remodelling and fibrosis. In comparison, the combination of RLX and NAC prevented the cardiomyopathy-induced LV macrophage infiltration, remodelling, fibrosis and cardiomyocyte size, to a greater extent than either treatment alone after 7 days. The combination therapy also restored the isoprenaline-induced reduction in LV function, without affecting systolic BP. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings demonstrated that the simultaneous targeting of oxidative stress and fibrosis is key to treating the pathophysiology and dysfunction induced by cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracey A Gaspari
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorota Ferens
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iresha Spizzo
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Preconditioning with Short-term Dietary Restriction Attenuates Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Hypertrophy Induced by Chronic Pressure Overload. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030737. [PMID: 33652586 PMCID: PMC7996575 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and associated heart failure are becoming a more prevalent and critical public health issue with the aging of society, and are exacerbated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dietary restriction (DR) markedly inhibits senescent changes; however, prolonged DR is difficult. We herein investigated whether preconditioning with short-term DR attenuates chronic pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and associated oxidative stress. Male c57BL6 mice were randomly divided into an ad libitum (AL) diet or 40% restricted diet (DR preconditioning, DRPC) group for 2 weeks prior to ascending aortic constriction (AAC), and all mice were fed ad libitum after AAC surgery. Two weeks after surgery, pressure overload by AAC increased LV wall thickness in association with LV diastolic dysfunction and promoted myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis in the AL+AAC group. Oxidative stress in cardiac tissue and mitochondria also increased in the AL+AAC group in association with increments in cardiac NADPH oxidase-derived and mitochondrial ROS production. LV hypertrophy and associated cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress were significantly attenuated in the DRPC+AAC group. Moreover, less severe mitochondrial oxidative damage in the DRPC+AAC group was associated with the suppression of mitochondrial permeability transition and cardiac apoptosis. These results indicate that chronic pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in association with cardiac and mitochondrial oxidative damage were attenuated by preconditioning with short-term DR.
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14
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Ma ZG, Kong CY, Wu HM, Song P, Zhang X, Yuan YP, Deng W, Tang QZ. Toll-like receptor 5 deficiency diminishes doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity in mice. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11013-11025. [PMID: 33042267 PMCID: PMC7532690 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by its toxic cardiovascular side effects. Our previous study found that toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 deficiency attenuated cardiac fibrosis in mice. However, the role of TLR5 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remains unclear. Methods: To further investigate this, TLR5-deficient mice were subjected to a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX to mimic an acute model. Results: Here, we reported that TLR5 expression was markedly increased in response to DOX injection. Moreover, TLR5 deficiency exerted potent protective effects against DOX-related cardiac injury, whereas activation of TLR5 by flagellin exacerbated DOX injection-induced cardiotoxicity. Mechanistically, the effects of TLR5 were largely attributed to direct interaction with spleen tyrosine kinase to activate NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2, increasing the production of superoxide and subsequent activation of p38. The toxic effects of TLR5 activation in DOX-related acute cardiac injury were abolished by NOX2 deficiency in mice. Our further study showed that neutralizing antibody-mediated TLR5 depletion also attenuated DOX-induced acute cardiotoxicity. Conclusion: These findings suggest that TLR5 deficiency attenuates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in mice, and targeting TLR5 may provide feasible therapies for DOX-induced acute cardiotoxicity.
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15
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Zhao GJ, Zhao CL, Ouyang S, Deng KQ, Zhu L, Montezano AC, Zhang C, Hu F, Zhu XY, Tian S, Liu X, Ji YX, Zhang P, Zhang XJ, She ZG, Touyz RM, Li H. Ca 2+-Dependent NOX5 (NADPH Oxidase 5) Exaggerates Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Hypertension 2020; 76:827-838. [PMID: 32683902 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NOX5 (NADPH oxidase 5) is a homolog of the gp91phox subunit of the phagocyte NOX, which generates reactive oxygen species. NOX5 is involved in sperm motility and vascular contraction and has been implicated in diabetic nephropathy, atherosclerosis, and stroke. The function of NOX5 in the cardiac hypertrophy is unknown. Because NOX5 is a Ca2+-sensitive, procontractile NOX isoform, we questioned whether it plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy. Studies were performed in (1) cardiac tissue from patients undergoing heart transplant for cardiomyopathy and heart failure, (2) NOX5-expressing rat cardiomyocytes, and (3) mice expressing human NOX5 in a cardiomyocyte-specific manner. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in mice by transverse aorta coarctation and Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion. NOX5 expression was increased in human failing hearts. Rat cardiomyocytes infected with adenoviral vector encoding human NOX5 cDNA exhibited elevated reactive oxygen species levels with significant enlargement and associated increased expression of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptides) and β-MHC (β-myosin heavy chain) and prohypertrophic genes (Nppa, Nppb, and Myh7) under Ang II stimulation. These effects were reduced by N-acetylcysteine and diltiazem. Pressure overload and Ang II infusion induced left ventricular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction, responses that were exaggerated in cardiac-specific NOX5 trangenic mice. These phenomena were associated with increased reactive oxygen species levels and activation of redox-sensitive MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). N-acetylcysteine treatment reduced cardiac oxidative stress and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in NOX5 trangenic. Our study defines Ca2+-regulated NOX5 as an important NOX isoform involved in oxidative stress- and MAPK-mediated cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Zhao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Chang-Ling Zhao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Shan Ouyang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, China (S.O., H.L.)
| | - Ke-Qiong Deng
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Department of Cardiology (K.-Q.D.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Fengjiao Hu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center (F.H., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., H.L.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Song Tian
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center (F.H., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., H.L.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center (F.H., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., H.L.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center (F.H., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., H.L.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, China (S.O., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center (F.H., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., H.L.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
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16
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Harvey AP, Robinson E, Edgar KS, McMullan R, O’Neill KM, Alderdice M, Amirkhah R, Dunne PD, McDermott BJ, Grieve DJ. Downregulation of PPARα during Experimental Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Is Critically Dependent on Nox2 NADPH Oxidase Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4406. [PMID: 32575797 PMCID: PMC7352162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is initially adaptive but ultimately promotes systolic dysfunction and chronic heart failure. Whilst underlying pathways are incompletely understood, increased reactive oxygen species generation from Nox2 NADPH oxidases, and metabolic remodelling, largely driven by PPARα downregulation, are separately implicated. Here, we investigated interaction between the two as a key regulator of LVH using in vitro, in vivo and transcriptomic approaches. Phenylephrine-induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast hypertrophy was associated with reduced PPARα expression and increased Nox2 expression and activity. Pressure overload-induced LVH and systolic dysfunction induced in wild-type mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 7 days, in association with Nox2 upregulation and PPARα downregulation, was enhanced in PPARα-/- mice and prevented in Nox2-/- mice. Detailed transcriptomic analysis revealed significantly altered expression of genes relating to PPARα, oxidative stress and hypertrophy pathways in wild-type hearts, which were unaltered in Nox2-/- hearts, whilst oxidative stress pathways remained dysregulated in PPARα-/- hearts following TAC. Network analysis indicated that Nox2 was essential for PPARα downregulation in this setting and identified preferential inflammatory pathway modulation and candidate cytokines as upstream Nox2-sensitive regulators of PPARα signalling. Together, these data suggest that Nox2 is a critical driver of PPARα downregulation leading to maladaptive LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Harvey
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - Emma Robinson
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - Kevin S. Edgar
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - Ross McMullan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - Karla M. O’Neill
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - Matthew Alderdice
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; (M.A.); (R.A.); (P.D.D.)
| | - Raheleh Amirkhah
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; (M.A.); (R.A.); (P.D.D.)
| | - Philip D. Dunne
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; (M.A.); (R.A.); (P.D.D.)
| | - Barbara J. McDermott
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - David J. Grieve
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
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17
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Beyond bacterial killing: NADPH oxidase 2 is an immunomodulator. Immunol Lett 2020; 221:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Bryson TD, Pandrangi TS, Khan SZ, Xu J, Pavlov TS, Ortiz PA, Peterson E, Harding P. The deleterious role of the prostaglandin E 2 EP 3 receptor in angiotensin II hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H867-H882. [PMID: 32142358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00538.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANG II) plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signals through four different G protein-coupled receptors, eliciting a variety of effects. We reported that activation of the EP3 receptor reduces cardiac contractility. More recently, we have shown that overexpression of the EP4 receptor is protective in a mouse myocardial infarction model. We hypothesize in this study that the relative abundance of EP3 and EP4 receptors is a major determinant of end-organ damage in the diseased heart. Thus EP3 is detrimental to cardiac function and promotes inflammation, whereas antagonism of the EP3 receptor is protective in an ANG II hypertension (HTN) model. To test our hypothesis, male 10- to 12-wk-old C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and osmotic minipumps containing ANG II were implanted subcutaneously for 2 wk. We found that antagonism of the EP3 receptor using L798,106 significantly attenuated the increase in blood pressure with ANG II infusion. Moreover, antagonism of the EP3 receptor prevented a decline in cardiac function after ANG II treatment. We also found that 10- to 12-wk-old EP3-transgenic mice, which overexpress EP3 in the cardiomyocytes, have worsened cardiac function. In conclusion, activation or overexpression of EP3 exacerbates end-organ damage in ANG II HTN. In contrast, antagonism of the EP3 receptor is beneficial and reduces cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, and HTN.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to show that systemic treatment with an EP3 receptor antagonist (L798,106) attenuates the angiotensin II-induced increase in blood pressure in mice. The results from this project could complement existing hypertension therapies by combining blockade of the EP3 receptor with antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Bryson
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Teja S Pandrangi
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Safa Z Khan
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jiang Xu
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Tengis S Pavlov
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pablo A Ortiz
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Edward Peterson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pamela Harding
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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19
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NADPH Oxidase 2 Mediates Myocardial Oxygen Wasting in Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020171. [PMID: 32093119 PMCID: PMC7070669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and they are associated with the development of a specific cardiomyopathy with elevated myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and impaired cardiac efficiency. Although the pathophysiology of this cardiomyopathy is multifactorial and complex, reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role. One of the major ROS-generating enzymes in the cardiomyocytes is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2), and many potential systemic activators of NOX2 are elevated in obesity and diabetes. We hypothesized that NOX2 activity would influence cardiac energetics and/or the progression of ventricular dysfunction following obesity. Myocardial ROS content and mechanoenergetics were measured in the hearts from diet-induced-obese wild type (DIOWT) and global NOK2 knock-out mice (DIOKO) and in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice given normal water (DIO) or water supplemented with the NOX2-inhibitor apocynin (DIOAPO). Mitochondrial function and ROS production were also assessed in DIO and DIOAPO mice. This study demonstrated that ablation and pharmacological inhibition of NOX2 both improved mechanical efficiency and reduced MVO2 for non-mechanical cardiac work. Mitochondrial ROS production was also reduced following NOX2 inhibition, while cardiac mitochondrial function was not markedly altered by apocynin-treatment. Therefore, these results indicate a link between obesity-induced myocardial oxygen wasting, NOX2 activation, and mitochondrial ROS.
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20
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Emmi G, Becatti M, Bettiol A, Hatemi G, Prisco D, Fiorillo C. Behçet's Syndrome as a Model of Thrombo-Inflammation: The Role of Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1085. [PMID: 31139195 PMCID: PMC6527740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a systemic vasculitis, clinically characterized by different organ involvement and often complicated by thrombosis which occurs in vessels of all sizes. Thrombosis is more frequent in male patients with active disease and represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Neutrophil involvement in BS has been repeatedly suggested in the last few years. Indeed, neutrophils have been shown to be hyperactivated in BS patients, probably with a HLAB51 related contribution, and represent the main cells infiltrating not only oral and genital ulcers or erythema nodosum, but also other sites. Besides being deputed to host defense against micro-organisms, neutrophils display fundamental roles both in inflammation and tissue damage becoming inappropriately activated by cytokines, chemokines and autoantibodies and subsequently producing large amounts of superoxide anion (O2.) via NADPH oxidase (NOX2). The strict relationship between inflammation and hemostasis has been already demonstrated. Indeed, inflammation and immune-mediated disorders increase the risk of thrombosis, but the pathways that link these processes have not been completely elucidated. In this regard, we recently demonstrated, in a large population of BS patients, a new neutrophil-dependent pathogenetic mechanism of thrombosis. In particular, it was shown that neutrophils, mainly through NADPH oxidase, produce excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are able to markedly modify the secondary structure of fibrinogen and hence the overall architecture of the fibrin clot that becomes less susceptible to plasmin-induced lysis. These data point out that BS represents “per se” a model of inflammation-induced thrombosis and suggest that neutrophils specifically contribute to thrombo-inflammation in this rare disease. In particular, it is suggested that an alteration in fibrinogen structure and function are associated with enhanced ROS production via neutrophil NADPH oxidase. Altogether, these findings improve our understanding of the intricate pathogenetic mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation and may indicate potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bettiol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gülen Hatemi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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21
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NADPH Oxidase Hyperactivity Contributes to Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Rats with Severe Experimental Pancreatitis through ROS-Mediated MAPK Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4578175. [PMID: 31210840 PMCID: PMC6532283 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4578175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (Nox) is considered a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the heart in normal and pathological conditions. However, the role of Nox in severe acute pancreatitis- (SAP-) associated cardiac injury remains unclear. Therefore, we aim to investigate the contribution of Nox to SAP-associated cardiac injury and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Apocynin, a Nox inhibitor, was given at 20 mg/kg for 30 min before SAP induction by a retrograde pancreatic duct injection of 5% sodium taurocholate. Histopathological staining, Nox activity and protein expression, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis and associated proteins, cardiac-related enzyme indexes, and cardiac function were assessed in the myocardium in SAP rats. The redox-sensitive MAPK signaling molecules were also examined by western blotting. SAP rats exhibited significant cardiac impairment along with increased Nox activity and protein expression, ROS production, cell apoptosis, and proapoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels. Notably, Nox inhibition with apocynin prevented SAP-associated cardiac injury evidenced by a decreased histopathologic score, cardiac-related enzymes, and cardiac function through the reduction of ROS production and cell apoptosis. This protective role was further confirmed by a simulation experiment in vitro. Moreover, we found that SAP-induced activation in MAPK signaling molecules in cardiomyocytes was significantly attenuated by Nox inhibition. Our data provide the first evidence that Nox hyperactivation acts as the main source of ROS production in the myocardium, increases oxidative stress, and promotes cell apoptosis via activating the MAPK pathway, which ultimately results in cardiac injury in SAP.
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22
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Ruppert M, Korkmaz-Icöz S, Li S, Brlecic P, Németh BT, Oláh A, Horváth EM, Veres G, Pleger S, Grabe N, Merkely B, Karck M, Radovits T, Szabó G. Comparison of the Reverse-Remodeling Effect of Pharmacological Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activation With Pressure Unloading in Pathological Myocardial Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1869. [PMID: 30670980 PMCID: PMC6331535 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pressure unloading induces the regression of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy (LVH). Recent findings indicate that pharmacological activation of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) – cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway may also exert reverse-remodeling properties in the myocardium. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of the sGC activator cinaciguat in a rat model of LVH and compare it to the “gold standard” pressure unloading therapy. Methods: Abdominal aortic banding was performed for 6 or 12 weeks. Sham operated animals served as controls. Pressure unloading was induced by removing the aortic constriction after week 6. The animals were treated from week 7 to 12, with 10 mg/kg/day cinaciguat or with placebo p.o., respectively. Cardiac function and morphology were assessed by left ventricular pressure-volume analysis and echocardiography. Additionally, key markers of myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, nitro-oxidative stress, apoptosis and cGMP signaling were analyzed. Results: Pressure unloading effectively reversed LVH, decreased collagen accumulation and provided protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis. Regression of LVH was also associated with a full recovery of cardiac function. In contrast, chronic activation of the sGC enzyme by cinaciguat at sustained pressure overload only slightly influenced pre-established hypertrophy. However, it led to increased PKG activity and had a significant impact on interstitial fibrosis, nitro-oxidative stress and apoptosis. Amelioration of the pathological structural alterations prevented the deterioration of LV systolic function (contractility and ejection fraction) and improved myocardial stiffness. Conclusion: Our results indicate that both cinaciguat treatment and pressure unloading evoked anti-remodeling effects and improved LV function, however in a differing manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Ruppert
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shiliang Li
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paige Brlecic
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Balázs Tamás Németh
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter M Horváth
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Department of Physiology, Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Veres
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Pleger
- Laboratory for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Grabe
- Research Group on Epidermal Systems Biology, Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Medical Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Béla Merkely
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthias Karck
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Schlüter KD, Kutsche HS, Hirschhäuser C, Schreckenberg R, Schulz R. Review on Chamber-Specific Differences in Right and Left Heart Reactive Oxygen Species Handling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1799. [PMID: 30618811 PMCID: PMC6304434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert signaling character (redox signaling), or damaging character (oxidative stress) on cardiac tissue depending on their concentration and/or reactivity. The steady state of ROS concentration is determined by the interplay between its production (mitochondrial, cytosolic, and sarcolemmal enzymes) and ROS defense enzymes (mitochondria, cytosol). Recent studies suggest that ROS regulation is different in the left and right ventricle of the heart, specifically by a different activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Mitochondrial ROS defense seems to be lower in right ventricular tissue compared to left ventricular tissue. In this review we summarize the current evidence for heart chamber specific differences in ROS regulation that may play a major role in an observed inability of the right ventricle to compensate for cardiac stress such as pulmonary hypertension. Based on the current knowledge regimes to increase ROS defense in right ventricular tissue should be in the focus for the development of future therapies concerning right heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Sarah Kutsche
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine inhibits maladaptive myocyte autophagy in pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 839:47-56. [PMID: 30194941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and myocyte autophagy co-exist in cardiac remodeling. However, it is unclear whether oxidative stress mediates maladaptive myocyte autophagy in pathological ventricular remodeling. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that antioxidants prevent maladaptive myocyte autophagy in pressure overload-induced left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) or sham operation. The animals were randomized to receive an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or placebo treatment for 2 weeks. We measured LV structure and function by echocardiography and hemodynamics, myocyte autophagy and oxidative stress assessed by 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). AAC rats exhibited increased LV hypertrophy assessed by LV wall thickness and myocyte cross-sectional area. NAC prevented LV hypertrophy in AAC rats. There were no significant differences in LV fractional shortening, end-diastolic dimension and the maximal rate of LV pressure rise among the groups. AAC rats showed an increase in myocardial 8-OHdG that was prevented by NAC. The expression of LC3 II protein, a marker of autophagy, was increased at 2 weeks after AAC. Immunohistochemical scores further confirmed the increase in LC3 expression in AAC rats. The expression of autophagic proteins Beclin1 and Atg12 and ERK activity were also increased in AAC rats. NAC prevented the increases in LC3 II protein, LC3 scores, Beclin1, Atg12 and ERK activity in AAC rats. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA prevented LV hypertrophy after pressure overload. These findings suggest that antioxidants may be of value to prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling through inhibition of maladaptive myocyte autophagy.
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25
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Peña-Oyarzun D, Bravo-Sagua R, Diaz-Vega A, Aleman L, Chiong M, Garcia L, Bambs C, Troncoso R, Cifuentes M, Morselli E, Ferreccio C, Quest AFG, Criollo A, Lavandero S. Autophagy and oxidative stress in non-communicable diseases: A matter of the inflammatory state? Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:61-78. [PMID: 29859344 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, are long-lasting conditions that affect millions of people around the world. Different factors contribute to their genesis and progression; however they share common features, which are critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. A persistently altered inflammatory response is typically observed in many NCDs together with redox imbalance. Additionally, dysregulated proteostasis, mainly derived as a consequence of compromised autophagy, is a common feature of several chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk among inflammation, autophagy and oxidative stress, and how they participate in the progression of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña-Oyarzun
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vega
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Larissa Aleman
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Garcia
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Bambs
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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26
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Wang JP, Chi RF, Wang K, Ma T, Guo XF, Zhang XL, Li B, Qin FZ, Han XB, Fan BA. Oxidative stress impairs myocyte autophagy, resulting in myocyte hypertrophy. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:461-472. [PMID: 29327381 DOI: 10.1113/ep086650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does oxidative stress induce impairment of autophagy that results in myocyte hypertrophy early after pressure overload? What is the main finding and its importance? In cultured myocytes, hydrogen peroxide decreased autophagy and increased hypertrophy, and inhibition of autophagy enhanced myocyte hypertrophy. In rats with early myocardial hypertrophy after pressure overload, myocyte autophagy was progressively decreased. The antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine or the superoxide dismutase mimic tempol prevented the decrease of myocyte autophagy and attenuated myocyte hypertrophy early after pressure overload. These findings suggest that oxidative stress impairs myocyte autophagy that results in myocyte hypertrophy. ABSTRACT Insufficient or excessive myocyte autophagy is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Reactive oxygen species mediate myocyte hypertrophy in vitro and pressure overload-induced LV hypertrophy in vivo. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress induces an impairment of autophagy that results in myocyte hypertrophy. H9C2 cardiomyocytes pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine were exposed to 10 and 50 μm hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) for 48 h. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) or sham operation. The animals were killed 24, 48 or 72 h after surgery. In a separate group, the AAC and sham-operated rats randomly received the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine or the superoxide dismutase mimic tempol for 72 h. In H9C2 cardiomyocytes, H2 O2 decreased the ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II to LC3 I and increased P62 and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) proteins and myocyte surface area. 3-Methyladenine further increased H2 O2 -induced p-ERK expression. In rats after AAC, the heart to body weight ratio was progressively increased, the LC3 II/I ratio was progressively decreased, p62 and p-ERK expression was increased, and expression of Beclin1, Atg5 and Atg12 was decreased. N-Acetyl-cysteine or tempol prevented the decreases in the LC3 II/I ratio and Beclin1 and Atg5 expression and attenuated the increases in LV wall thickness, myocyte diameter and brain natriuretic peptide expression in AAC rats. In conclusion, oxidative stress decreases Beclin1 and Atg5 expression that results in impairment of autophagy, leading to myocyte hypertrophy. These findings suggest that antioxidants or restoration of autophagy might be of value in the prevention of early myocardial hypertrophy after pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Pu Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Rui-Fang Chi
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Teng Ma
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fei Guo
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Bao Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Fu-Zhong Qin
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Xue-Bin Han
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Bian-Ai Fan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School Affiliate, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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27
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Wang JP, Chi RF, Liu J, Deng YZ, Han XB, Qin FZ, Li B. The role of endogenous reactive oxygen species in cardiac myocyte autophagy. Physiol Res 2017; 67:31-40. [PMID: 29137484 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is implicated in the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis. Autophagy is activated in heart failure, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased. Exogenous ROS have been shown to induce cardiomyocyte autophagy alterations. However, little is known about the influences of physiological levels of endogenous ROS on cardiomyocyte autophagy. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that endogenous ROS in cardiomyocytes play an important role in inducing autophagy. Cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes or Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or the superoxide dismutase mimic tempol under the basal or nutrient deprivation conditions. The autophagic flux was assessed by the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine. In H9C2 cardiomyocytes, under a basal condition, NAC or tempol increased the ratio of LC3 II/I proteins and reduced LC3 II autophagic flux. Under nutrient deprivation, NAC increased the LC3 II/I ratio and reduced LC3 II autophagic flux. In vivo studies in rats, NAC treatment increased the LC3 II/I ratio and p-Akt protein expression in myocardium. We concluded that the antioxidants reduced autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes under the basal or nutrient deprivation conditions, suggesting that endogenous ROS promote autophagy flux under physiological conditions, and this effect is mediated, at least in part, through Akt inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Pu Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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28
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McLaughlin D, Zhao Y, O'Neill KM, Edgar KS, Dunne PD, Kearney AM, Grieve DJ, McDermott BJ. Signalling mechanisms underlying doxorubicin and Nox2 NADPH oxidase-induced cardiomyopathy: involvement of mitofusin-2. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3677-3695. [PMID: 28261787 PMCID: PMC5647180 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX), although successful as a first-line cancer treatment, induces cardiotoxicity linked with increased production of myocardial ROS, with Nox2 NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide reported to play a key role. The aim of this study was to identify novel mechanisms underlying development of cardiac remodelling/dysfunction further to DOX-stimulated Nox2 activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Nox2-/- and wild-type (WT) littermate mice were administered DOX (12 mg·kg-1 over 3 weeks) prior to study at 4 weeks. Detailed mechanisms were investigated in murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes, employing a robust model of oxidative stress, gene silencing and pharmacological tools. KEY RESULTS DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiomyocyte remodelling, superoxide production and apoptosis in WT mice were attenuated in Nox2-/- mice. Transcriptional analysis of left ventricular tissue identified 152 differentially regulated genes (using adjusted P < 0.1) in DOX-treated Nox2-/- versus WT mice, and network analysis highlighted 'Cell death and survival' as the biological function most significant to the dataset. The mitochondrial membrane protein, mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), appeared as a strong candidate, with increased expression (1.5-fold), confirmed by qPCR (1.3-fold), matching clear published evidence of promotion of cardiomyocyte cell death. In HL-1 cardiomyocytes, targeted siRNA knockdown of Nox2 decreased Mfn2 protein expression, but not vice versa. While inhibition of Nox2 activity along with DOX treatment attenuated its apoptotic and cytotoxic effects, reduced apoptosis after Mfn2 silencing reflected a sustained cytotoxic response and reduced cell viability. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS DOX-induced and Nox2-mediated up-regulation of Mfn2, rather than contributing to cardiomyocyte dysfunction through apoptotic pathways, appears to promote a protective mechanism. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on New Insights into Cardiotoxicity Caused by Chemotherapeutic Agents. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan McLaughlin
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Youyou Zhao
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Karla M O'Neill
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Kevin S Edgar
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Anna M Kearney
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David J Grieve
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Barbara J McDermott
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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Moris D, Spartalis M, Spartalis E, Karachaliou GS, Karaolanis GI, Tsourouflis G, Tsilimigras DI, Tzatzaki E, Theocharis S. The role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and the clinical significance of myocardial redox. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:326. [PMID: 28861423 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.06.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic excessive intracellular increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. ROS are by-products of various oxidative physiological and biochemical processes. Sources of ROS are mitochondrial respiration, NADH/NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase or the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in vascular cells. ROS mediate various signaling pathways that underlie cardiovascular pathophysiology. The delicate equilibrium between free-radical generation and antioxidant defense is altered in favor of the former, thus leading to redox imbalance, oxidative stress, and increased cellular injury. An understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by oxidative stress is crucial to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Spartalis
- Division of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Spartalis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia-Sofia Karachaliou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios I Karaolanis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Tzatzaki
- Division of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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El-Yazbi AF, Ibrahim KS, El-Gowelli HM, El-Deeb NM, El-Mas MM. Modulation by NADPH oxidase of the chronic cardiovascular and autonomic interaction between cyclosporine and NSAIDs in female rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 806:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Cappetta D, Esposito G, Coppini R, Piegari E, Russo R, Ciuffreda LP, Rivellino A, Santini L, Rafaniello C, Scavone C, Rossi F, Berrino L, Urbanek K, De Angelis A. Effects of ranolazine in a model of doxorubicin-induced left ventricle diastolic dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3696-3712. [PMID: 28320043 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Doxorubicin is a highly effective anticancer drug, but its clinical application is hampered by cardiotoxicity. Asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction can be the earliest manifestation of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Therefore, a search for therapeutic intervention that can interfere with early manifestations and possibly prevent later development of cardiotoxicity is warranted. Increased doxorubicin-dependent ROS may explain, in part, Ca2+ and Na+ overload that contributes to diastolic dysfunction and development of heart failure. Therefore, we tested whether the administration of ranolazine, a selective blocker of late Na+ current, immediately after completing doxorubicin therapy, could affect diastolic dysfunction and interfere with the progression of functional decline. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Fischer 344 rats received a cumulative dose of doxorubicin of 15 mg·kg-1 over a period of 2 weeks. After the assessment of diastolic dysfunction, the animals were treated with ranolazine (80 mg·kg-1 , daily) for the following 4 weeks. KEY RESULTS While diastolic and systolic function progressively deteriorated in doxorubicin-treated animals, treatment with ranolazine relieved diastolic dysfunction and prevented worsening of systolic function, decreasing mortality. Ranolazine lowered myocardial NADPH oxidase 2 expression and oxidative/nitrative stress. Expression of the Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger 1 and Nav 1.5 channels was reduced and of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase 2 protein was increased. In addition, ranolazine lowered doxorubicin-induced hyper-phosphorylation and oxidation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and decreased myocardial fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Ranolazine, by the increased Na+ influx, induced by doxorubicin, altered cardiac Ca2+ and Na+ handling and attenuated diastolic dysfunction induced by doxorubicin, thus preventing the progression of cardiomyopathy. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on New Insights into Cardiotoxicity Caused by Chemotherapeutic Agents. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Cappetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Esposito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppini
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child's Health (NeuroFarBa), Division of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Piegari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Russo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Loreta Pia Ciuffreda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Rivellino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Santini
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child's Health (NeuroFarBa), Division of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Scavone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Liberato Berrino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Forte M, Nocella C, De Falco E, Palmerio S, Schirone L, Valenti V, Frati G, Carnevale R, Sciarretta S. The Pathophysiological Role of NOX2 in Hypertension and Organ Damage. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2017; 23:355-364. [PMID: 27915400 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-016-0175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) represent one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species in the vascular district. Reactive oxygen species are responsible for vascular damage that leads to several cardiovascular pathological conditions. Among NOX isoforms, NOX2 is widely expressed in many cells types, such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, confirming its pivotal role in vascular pathophysiology. Studies in mice models with systemic deletion of NOX2, as well as in transgenic mice overexpressing NOX2, have demonstrated the undeniable involvement of NOX2 in the development of hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, cardiac hypertrophy, platelet aggregation, and aging. Of note, the inhibition of NOX2 has been found to be protective for cardiovascular homeostasis. Here, we review the evidence demonstrating that the modulation of NOX2 activity is able to improve vascular physiology, suggesting that NOX2 may be a potential target for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Forte
- Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Silvia Palmerio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Valentina Valenti
- Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077, Italy. .,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy.
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Zhang XJ, Cao XQ, Zhang CS, Zhao Z. 17β-estradiol protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats by regulating NADPH oxidase and apoptosis genes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2695-2702. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yang J, Brown ME, Zhang H, Martinez M, Zhao Z, Bhutani S, Yin S, Trac D, Xi JJ, Davis ME. High-throughput screening identifies microRNAs that target Nox2 and improve function after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H1002-H1012. [PMID: 28235791 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00685.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of heart failure. Excessive production of ROS plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling after MI. NADPH with NADPH oxidase (Nox)2 as the catalytic subunit is a major source of superoxide production, and expression is significantly increased in the infarcted myocardium, especially by infiltrating macrophages. While microRNAs (miRNAs) are potent regulators of gene expression and play an important role in heart disease, there still lacks efficient ways to identify miRNAs that target important pathological genes for treating MI. Thus, the overall objective was to establish a miRNA screening and delivery system for improving heart function after MI using Nox2 as a critical target. With the use of the miRNA-target screening system composed of a self-assembled cell microarray (SAMcell), three miRNAs, miR-106b, miR-148b, and miR-204, were identified that could regulate Nox2 expression and its downstream products in both human and mouse macrophages. Each of these miRNAs were encapsulated into polyketal (PK3) nanoparticles that could effectively deliver miRNAs into macrophages. Both in vitro and in vivo studies in mice confirmed that PK3-miRNAs particles could inhibit Nox2 expression and activity and significantly improve infarct size and acute cardiac function after MI. In conclusion, our results show that miR-106b, miR-148b, and miR-204 were able to improve heart function after myocardial infarction in mice by targeting Nox2 and possibly altering inflammatory cytokine production. This screening system and delivery method could have broader implications for miRNA-mediated therapeutics for cardiovascular and other diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY NADPH oxidase (Nox)2 is a promising target for treating cardiovascular disease, but there are no specific inhibitors. Finding endogenous signals that can target Nox2 and other inflammatory molecules is of great interest. In this study, we used high-throughput screening to identify microRNAs that target Nox2 and improve cardiac function after infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Milton E Brown
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hanshuo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mario Martinez
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhihua Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Srishti Bhutani
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shenyi Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - David Trac
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jianzhong Jeff Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Michael E Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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35
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Numaga-Tomita T, Kitajima N, Kuroda T, Nishimura A, Miyano K, Yasuda S, Kuwahara K, Sato Y, Ide T, Birnbaumer L, Sumimoto H, Mori Y, Nishida M. TRPC3-GEF-H1 axis mediates pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39383. [PMID: 27991560 PMCID: PMC5171702 DOI: 10.1038/srep39383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural cardiac remodeling, accompanying cytoskeletal reorganization of cardiac cells, is a major clinical outcome of diastolic heart failure. A highly local Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane has been suggested to code signals to induce Rho GTPase-mediated fibrosis, but it is obscure how the heart specifically decodes the local Ca2+ influx as a cytoskeletal reorganizing signal under the conditions of the rhythmic Ca2+ handling required for pump function. We found that an inhibition of transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) channel activity exhibited resistance to Rho-mediated maladaptive fibrosis in pressure-overloaded mouse hearts. Proteomic analysis revealed that microtubule-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, GEF-H1, participates in TRPC3-mediated RhoA activation induced by mechanical stress in cardiomyocytes and transforming growth factor (TGF) β stimulation in cardiac fibroblasts. We previously revealed that TRPC3 functionally interacts with microtubule-associated NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2, and inhibition of Nox2 attenuated mechanical stretch-induced GEF-H1 activation in cardiomyocytes. Finally, pharmacological TRPC3 inhibition significantly suppressed fibrotic responses in human cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. These results strongly suggest that microtubule-localized TRPC3-GEF-H1 axis mediates fibrotic responses commonly in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts induced by physico-chemical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kitajima
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuroda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kei Miyano
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, C1107AFF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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36
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Reis JF, Monteiro VVS, de Souza Gomes R, do Carmo MM, da Costa GV, Ribera PC, Monteiro MC. Action mechanism and cardiovascular effect of anthocyanins: a systematic review of animal and human studies. J Transl Med 2016; 14:315. [PMID: 27846846 PMCID: PMC5111351 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are an important cause of death worldwide. Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids found in berries, flowers, fruits and leaves. In epidemiological and clinical studies, these polyphenols have been associated with improved cardiovascular risk profiles as well as decreased comorbidities. Human intervention studies using berries, vegetables, parts of plants and cereals (either fresh or as juice) or purified anthocyanin-rich extracts have demonstrated significant improvements in low density lipoproteins oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity, and dyslipidemia as well as reduced levels of CVD molecular biomarkers. This review discusses the use of anthocyanins in animal models and their applications in human medicine, as dietary supplements or as new potent drugs against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordano Ferreira Reis
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaelli de Souza Gomes
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Moraes do Carmo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Glauber Vilhena da Costa
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Paula Cardoso Ribera
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
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37
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TRPC3 positively regulates reactive oxygen species driving maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37001. [PMID: 27833156 PMCID: PMC5105134 DOI: 10.1038/srep37001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) function as key mediators of mechanotransduction during both physiological adaptation to mechanical load and maladaptive remodeling of the heart. This is despite low levels of cardiac Nox2 expression. The mechanism underlying the transition from adaptation to maladaptation remains obscure, however. We demonstrate that transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3), a Ca2+-permeable channel, acts as a positive regulator of ROS (PRROS) in cardiomyocytes, and specifically regulates pressure overload-induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling in mice. TRPC3 physically interacts with Nox2 at specific C-terminal sites, thereby protecting Nox2 from proteasome-dependent degradation and amplifying Ca2+-dependent Nox2 activation through TRPC3-mediated background Ca2+ entry. Nox2 also stabilizes TRPC3 proteins to enhance TRPC3 channel activity. Expression of TRPC3 C-terminal polypeptide abolished TRPC3-regulated ROS production by disrupting TRPC3-Nox2 interaction, without affecting TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx. The novel TRPC3 function as a PRROS provides a mechanistic explanation for how diastolic Ca2+ influx specifically encodes signals to induce ROS-mediated maladaptive remodeling and offers new therapeutic possibilities.
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38
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Matsushima S, Kuroda J, Zhai P, Liu T, Ikeda S, Nagarajan N, Oka SI, Yokota T, Kinugawa S, Hsu CP, Li H, Tsutsui H, Sadoshima J. Tyrosine kinase FYN negatively regulates NOX4 in cardiac remodeling. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3403-16. [PMID: 27525436 DOI: 10.1172/jci85624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (Noxes) produce ROS that regulate cell growth and death. NOX4 expression in cardiomyocytes (CMs) plays an important role in cardiac remodeling and injury, but the posttranslational mechanisms that modulate this enzyme are poorly understood. Here, we determined that FYN, a Src family tyrosine kinase, interacts with the C-terminal domain of NOX4. FYN and NOX4 colocalized in perinuclear mitochondria, ER, and nuclear fractions in CMs, and FYN expression negatively regulated NOX4-induced O2- production and apoptosis in CMs. Mechanistically, we found that direct phosphorylation of tyrosine 566 on NOX4 was critical for this FYN-mediated negative regulation. Transverse aortic constriction activated FYN in the left ventricle (LV), and FYN-deficient mice displayed exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction and increased ROS production and apoptosis. Deletion of Nox4 rescued the exaggerated LV remodeling in FYN-deficient mice. Furthermore, FYN expression was markedly decreased in failing human hearts, corroborating its role as a regulator of cardiac cell death and ROS production. In conclusion, FYN is activated by oxidative stress and serves as a negative feedback regulator of NOX4 in CMs during cardiac remodeling.
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Maiolino G, Azzolini M, Rossi GP, Davis PA, Calò LA. Bartter/Gitelman syndromes as a model to study systemic oxidative stress in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:51-8. [PMID: 25770663 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intermediates in reduction-oxidation reactions that begin with the addition of one electron to molecular oxygen, generating the primary ROS superoxide, which in turn interacts with other molecules to produce secondary ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and peroxynitrite. ROS are continuously produced during metabolic processes and are deemed to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, namely, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and atherosclerosis, via oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoactive agent that also exerts mitogenic, proinflammatory, and profibrotic effects through several signaling pathways, in part involving ROS, particularly superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, Ang II stimulates NADPH oxidases, leading to higher ROS generation and oxidative stress. Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients, despite elevated plasma renin activity, Ang II, and aldosterone levels, exhibit reduced peripheral resistance, normal/low blood pressure, and blunted pressor effect of vasoconstrictors. In addition, notwithstanding the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and the increased plasma levels of Ang II, these patients display decreased production of ROS, reduced oxidative stress, and increased antioxidant defenses. In fact, Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients are characterized by reduced levels of p22(phox) gene expression and undetectable plasma peroxynitrite levels, while showing increased plasma antioxidant power and expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1. In conclusion, multifarious data suggest that Bartter and Gitelman syndrome patients are a model of low oxidative stress and high antioxidant defenses. The contribution offered by the study of these syndromes in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying this favorable status could offer chances for new therapeutic targets in disease characterized by high levels of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maiolino
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Azzolini
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Paul A Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy.
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40
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AVE 0991 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy through reducing oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 474:621-625. [PMID: 26403967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AVE 0991, the nonpeptide angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) analog, is recognized as having beneficial cardiovascular effects. However, the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the effects of AVE 0991 on cardiac hypertrophy and the mechanisms involved. Mice were underwent aortic banding to induce cardiac hypertrophy followed by the administration of AVE 0991 (20 mg kg·day (-1)) for 4 weeks. It was shown that AVE 0991 reduced left ventricular hypertrophy and improved heart function, characterized by decreases in left ventricular weight and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and increases in ejection fraction. Moreover, AVE 0991 significantly down-regulated mean myocyte diameter and attenuate the gene expression of the hypertrophic markers. Furthermore, AVE 0991 inhibited the expression of NOX 2 and NOX 4, meaning that AVE 0991 reduced oxidative stress of cardiac hypertrophy mice. Our data showed that AVE 0991 treatment could attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and improve heart function, which may be due to reduce oxidative stress.
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Thyroid Hormone-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Associated Cardiac Dysfunction: An Undisclosed Story. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:854265. [PMID: 26146529 PMCID: PMC4471379 DOI: 10.1155/2015/854265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is the most documented cardiomyopathy following hyperthyroidism in experimental animals. Thyroid hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy is described as a relative ventricular hypertrophy that encompasses the whole heart and is linked with contractile abnormalities in both right and left ventricles. The increase in oxidative stress that takes place in experimental hyperthyroidism proposes that reactive oxygen species are key players in the cardiomyopathy frequently reported in this endocrine disorder. The goal of this review is to shed light on the effects of thyroid hormones on the development of oxidative stress in the heart along with the subsequent cellular and molecular changes. In particular, we will review the role of thyroid hormone-induced oxidative stress in the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and associated cardiac dysfunction, as well as the potential effectiveness of antioxidant treatments in attenuating these hyperthyroidism-induced abnormalities in experimental animal models.
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Elnakish MT, Schultz EJ, Gearinger RL, Saad NS, Rastogi N, Ahmed AAE, Mohler PJ, Janssen PML. Differential involvement of various sources of reactive oxygen species in thyroxin-induced hemodynamic changes and contractile dysfunction of the heart and diaphragm muscles. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:252-61. [PMID: 25795514 PMCID: PMC4441845 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are key regulators of basal metabolic state and oxidative metabolism. Hyperthyroidism has been reported to cause significant alterations in hemodynamics, and in cardiac and diaphragm muscle functions, all of which have been linked to increased oxidative stress. However, the definite source of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in each of these phenotypes is still unknown. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that thyroxin (T4) may produce distinct hemodynamic, cardiac, and diaphragm muscle abnormalities by differentially affecting various sources of ROS. Wild-type and T4 mice with and without 2-week treatments with allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor), apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor), L-NIO (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), or MitoTEMPO (mitochondria-targeted antioxidant) were studied. Blood pressure and echocardiography were noninvasively evaluated, followed by ex vivo assessments of isolated heart and diaphragm muscle functions. Treatment with L-NIO attenuated the T4-induced hypertension in mice. However, apocynin improved the left-ventricular (LV) dysfunction without preventing the cardiac hypertrophy in these mice. Both allopurinol and MitoTEMPO reduced the T4-induced fatigability of the diaphragm muscles. In conclusion, we show here for the first time that T4 exerts differential effects on various sources of ROS to induce distinct cardiovascular and skeletal muscle phenotypes. Additionally, we find that T4-induced LV dysfunction is independent of cardiac hypertrophy and NADPH oxidase is a key player in this process. Furthermore, we prove the significance of both xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial ROS pathways in T4-induced fatigability of diaphragm muscles. Finally, we confirm the importance of the nitric oxide pathway in T4-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Elnakish
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eric J Schultz
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rachel L Gearinger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nancy S Saad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neha Rastogi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Sandgren J, Scholz TD, Segar JL. ANG II modulation of cardiac growth and remodeling in immature fetal sheep. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R965-72. [PMID: 25810382 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00034.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ANG II increases fetal blood pressure and stimulates fetal heart growth; however, little is known regarding its direct effects on cardiomyocytes in vivo. We sought to determine whether ANG II stimulates heart growth and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia in utero in the immature fetal heart independent of the effects on cardiac afterload. In twin gestation, fetal sheep at ∼100 days gestation (term 145 days), one fetus received a chronic (6 days) infusion of ANG II alone (50 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1)) or ANG II plus nitroprusside (NTP) to attenuate the increase in blood pressure; noninstrumented twins served as controls. ANG II alone, but not ANG II + NTP resulted in a significant increase in heart mass (left and right ventricle + septum, corrected for body weight) compared with controls. ANG II, but not ANG II+NTP, also significantly increased cardiomyocyte area compared with control and increased the percentage of binucleated myocytes. ANG II with or without concomitant infusion of NTP increased cardiac PCNA expression, a marker of proliferation. Steady-state protein expression of terminal mitogen-activated protein kinases, cyclin B1, cyclin E1, and p21 were similar among groups. We conclude that in vivo, ANG II increases fetal cardiac mass via cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, differentiation, and to a lesser extent hyperplasia. The effects of ANG II on hypertrophy appear dependent upon the increase in blood pressure (mechanical load), whereas effects on proliferation are load-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Sandgren
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Thomas D Scholz
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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Role of ROS Production and Turnover in the Antioxidant Activity of Taurine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:581-96. [PMID: 25833529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sag CM, Santos CX, Shah AM. Redox regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gonzalez DR, Treuer AV, Lamirault G, Mayo V, Cao Y, Dulce RA, Hare JM. NADPH oxidase-2 inhibition restores contractility and intracellular calcium handling and reduces arrhythmogenicity in dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H710-21. [PMID: 25015966 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00890.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy may affect cardiac muscle, producing a dystrophic cardiomyopathy in humans and the mdx mouse. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress participates in disrupting calcium handling and contractility in the mdx mouse with established cardiomyopathy. We found increased expression (fivefold) of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 in the mdx hearts compared with wild type, along with increased superoxide production. Next, we tested the impact of NOX2 inhibition on contractility and calcium handling in isolated cardiomyocytes. Contractility was decreased in mdx myocytes compared with wild type, and this was restored toward normal by pretreating with apocynin. In addition, the amplitude of evoked intracellular Ca(2+) concentration transients that was diminished in mdx myocytes was also restored with NOX2 inhibition. Total sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) content was reduced in mdx hearts and normalized by apocynin treatment. Additionally, NOX2 inhibition decreased the production of spontaneous diastolic calcium release events and decreased the SR calcium leak in mdx myocytes. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) synthase 1 (NOS-1) expression was increased eightfold in mdx hearts compared with wild type. Nevertheless, cardiac NO production was reduced. To test whether this paradox implied NOS-1 uncoupling, we treated cardiac myocytes with exogenous tetrahydrobioterin, along with the NOX inhibitor VAS2870. These agents restored NO production and phospholamban phosphorylation in mdx toward normal. Together, these results demonstrate that, in mdx hearts, NOX2 inhibition improves the SR calcium handling and contractility, partially by recoupling NOS-1. These findings reveal a new layer of nitroso-redox imbalance in dystrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ciencias Basicas Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; and
| | - Adriana V Treuer
- Departamento de Ciencias Basicas Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; and
| | - Guillaume Lamirault
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Vera Mayo
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Yenong Cao
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Raul A Dulce
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Loss of NOX2 (gp91phox) prevents oxidative stress and progression to advanced heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:331-40. [PMID: 24624929 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key pathogenic role in experimental and human heart failure. However, the source of ROS (reactive oxygen species) is a key determinant of the cardiac adaptation to pathological stressors. In the present study, we have shown that human dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with increased NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2) levels, increased oxidative stress with adverse myocardial remodelling and activation of MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases). Advanced heart failure in mice was also associated with increased NOX2 levels. Furthermore, we have utilized the pressure-overload model to examine the role of NOX2 in advanced heart failure. Increased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in response to pressure overload correlated with increased oxidative stress, and loss of NOX2 prevented the increase in oxidative stress, development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and increased myocardial MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity in response to pressure overload. Consistent with these findings, expression of disease markers revealed a marked suppression of atrial natriuretic factor, β-myosin heavy chain, B-type natriuretic peptide and α-skeletal actin expression in pressure-overloaded hearts from NOX2-deficient mice. Activation of MAPK signalling, a well-known mediator of pathological remodelling, was lowered in hearts from NOX2-deficient mice in response to pressure overload. Functional assessment using transthoracic echocardiography and invasive pressure-volume loop analysis showed a marked protection in diastolic and systolic dysfunction in pressure-overloaded hearts from NOX2-deficient mice. Loss of NOX2 prevented oxidative stress in heart disease and resulted in sustained protection from the progression to advanced heart failure. Our results support a key pathogenic role of NOX2 in murine and human heart failure, and specific therapy antagonizing NOX2 activity may have therapeutic effects in advanced heart failure.
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Bache RJ, Chen Y. NOX2-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:2742-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Physiological and pathological functions of NADPH oxidases during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 24:202-5. [PMID: 24880746 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess of the antioxidant capacity in the heart induces myocardial damage, accumulation of which leads to ischemic heart disease and heart failure. NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2 and 4 are the major sources of O2- and H2O2 in the heart and play a crucial role in the regulation of growth and death in cardiomyocytes. Both Nox2 and Nox4 are upregulated in response to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), thereby contributing to ROS production and consequent myocardial injury. Suppression of either one of them can reduce ROS and I/R injury in the heart. Importantly, however, a minimum level of ROS production by either Nox2 or Nox4 is essential for the activation of HIF-1α and inhibition of PPARα during I/R, such that combined suppression of both Nox2 and Nox4 exacerbates myocardial I/R injury. Thus, either excessive activation or suppression of Noxs below physiological levels can induce cardiac injury. Here we discuss both detrimental and salutary functions of Nox isoforms during myocardial I/R.
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50
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Jian Z, Han H, Zhang T, Puglisi J, Izu LT, Shaw JA, Onofiok E, Erickson JR, Chen YJ, Horvath B, Shimkunas R, Xiao W, Li Y, Pan T, Chan J, Banyasz T, Tardiff JC, Chiamvimonvat N, Bers DM, Lam KS, Chen-Izu Y. Mechanochemotransduction during cardiomyocyte contraction is mediated by localized nitric oxide signaling. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra27. [PMID: 24643800 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes contract against a mechanical load during each heartbeat, and excessive mechanical stress leads to heart diseases. Using a cell-in-gel system that imposes an afterload during cardiomyocyte contraction, we found that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was involved in transducing mechanical load to alter Ca(2+) dynamics. In mouse ventricular myocytes, afterload increased the systolic Ca(2+) transient, which enhanced contractility to counter mechanical load but also caused spontaneous Ca(2+) sparks during diastole that could be arrhythmogenic. The increases in the Ca(2+) transient and sparks were attributable to increased ryanodine receptor (RyR) sensitivity because the amount of Ca2(+) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum load was unchanged. Either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of nNOS (or NOS1), but not of eNOS (or NOS3), prevented afterload-induced Ca2(+) sparks. This differential effect may arise from localized NO signaling, arising from the proximity of nNOS to RyR, as determined by super-resolution imaging. Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) also contributed to afterload-induced Ca(2+) sparks. Cardiomyocytes from a mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy exhibited enhanced mechanotransduction and frequent arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) sparks. Inhibiting nNOS and CaMKII, but not NOX2, in cardiomyocytes from this model eliminated the Ca2(+) sparks, suggesting mechanotransduction activated nNOS and CaMKII independently from NOX2. Thus, our data identify nNOS, CaMKII, and NOX2 as key mediators in mechanochemotransduction during cardiac contraction, which provides new therapeutic targets for treating mechanical stress-induced Ca(2+) dysregulation, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Jian
- 1Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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