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Egro FM, Schilling BK, Fisher JD, Saadoun R, Rubin JP, Marra KG, Solari MG. The Future of Microsurgery: Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation and Engineering Vascularized Tissue. J Hand Microsurg 2024; 16:100011. [PMID: 38854368 PMCID: PMC11127549 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microsurgical techniques have revolutionized the field of reconstructive surgery and are the mainstay for complex soft tissue reconstruction. However, their limitations have promoted the development of viable alternatives. This article seeks to explore technologies that have the potential of revolutionizing microsurgical reconstruction as it is currently known, reflect on current and future vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) practices, as well as describe the basic science within emerging technologies and their potential translational applications. Methods A literature review was performed of the technologies that may represent the future of microsurgery: vascularized tissue engineering (VCA) and flap-specific tissue engineering. Results VCA has shown great promise and has already been employed in the clinical setting (especially in face and limb transplantation). Immunosuppression, logistics, cost, and regulatory pathways remain barriers to overcome to make it freely available. Vascularized and flap-specific tissue engineering remain a laboratory reality but have the potential to supersede VCA. The capability of creating an off-the-shelf free flap matching the required tissue, size, and shape is a significant advantage. However, these technologies are still at the early stage and require significant advancement before they can be translated into the clinical setting. Conclusion VCA, vascularized tissue engineering, and flap-specific bioengineering represent possible avenues for the evolution of current microsurgical techniques. The next decade will elucidate which of these three strategies will evolve into a tangible translational option and hopefully bring a paradigm shift of reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco M. Egro
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Benjamin K. Schilling
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - James D. Fisher
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rakan Saadoun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - J. Peter Rubin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kacey G. Marra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mario G. Solari
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Gladkauskas T, Bruland O, Abu Safieh L, Edward DP, Rødahl E, Bredrup C. Corneal Vascularization Associated With a Novel PDGFRB Variant. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:9. [PMID: 37934158 PMCID: PMC10631511 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic cause of aggressive corneal vascularization in otherwise healthy children in one family. Further, to study molecular consequences associated with the identified variant and implications for possible treatment. Methods Exome sequencing was performed in affected individuals. HeLa cells were transduced with the identified c.1643C>A, p.(Ser548Tyr) variant in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta gene (PDGFRB) or wild-type PDGFRB. ELISA and immunoblot analysis were used to detect the phosphorylation levels of PDGFRβ and downstream signaling proteins in untreated and ligand-stimulated cells. Sensitivity to various receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) was determined. Results A novel c.1643C>A, p.(Ser548Tyr) PDGFRB variant was found in affected family members. HeLa cells transduced with this variant did not have increased baseline levels of phosphorylated PDGFRβ. However, upon stimulation with ligand, excessive activation of PDGFRβ was observed compared to cells transduced with the wild-type variant. PDGFRβ with the p.(Ser548Tyr) amino acid substitution was successfully inhibited with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (axitinib, dasatinib, imatinib, and sunitinib) in vitro. Conclusions A novel c.1643C>A, p.(Ser548Tyr) PDGFRB variant was found in family members with isolated corneal vascularization. Cells transduced with the newly identified variant showed increased phosphorylation of PDGFRβ upon ligand stimulation. This suggests that PDGF-PDGFRβ signaling in these patients leads to overactivation of PDGFRβ, which could lead to abnormal wound healing of the cornea. The examined TKIs prevented such overactivation, introducing the possibility for targeted treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titas Gladkauskas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Bruland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leen Abu Safieh
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak P. Edward
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Eyvind Rødahl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Bredrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Li X, Quan H, He J, Li H, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Ge RS. The role of platelet-derived growth factor BB signaling pathway in the regulation of stem and progenitor Leydig cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in male rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106344. [PMID: 37286111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor BB (BB) regulates cell proliferation and function. However, the roles of BB on proliferation and function of Leydig stem (LSCs) and progenitor cells (LPCs) and the underlying signaling pathways remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the roles of PI3K and MAPK pathways in the regulation of proliferation-related and steroidogenesis-related gene expression in rat LSCs/LPCs. In this experiment, BB receptor antagonist, tyrosine kinase inhibitor IV (PKI), the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, and the MEK inhibitor, U0126, were used to measure the effects of these pathways on the expression of cell cycle-related genes (Ccnd1 and Cdkn1b) and steroidogenesis-related genes (Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, and Srd5a1), as well as Leydig cell maturation gene Pdgfra [1]. These results showed that BB (10 ng/mL)-stimulated EdU-incorporation into LSCs and BB-mediated inhibition on its differentiation was mediated through the activation of its receptor, PDGFRB, as well as MAPK and PI3K pathways. The results of LPC experiment also showed that LY294002 and U0126 decreased BB (10 ng/mL)-upregulated Ccnd1 expression while only U0126 reversed BB (10 ng/mL)-downregulated Cdkn1b expression. U0126 significantly reversed BB (10 ng/mL)-mediated downregulation of Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, and Cyp17a1 expression. On the other hand, LY294002 reversed the expression of Cyp17a1 and Abca1. In conclusion, BB-mediated induction of proliferation and suppression of steroidogenesis of LSCs/LPCs are dependent on the activation of both MAPK and PI3K pathways, which show distinct regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Hehua Quan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jiayi He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China.
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FGF9 promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in TM3 mouse Leydig progenitor cells. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5613-5630. [PMID: 36628285 PMCID: PMC9827084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) modulates cell proliferation, differentiation and motility for development and tissue repair in normal cells. Growing evidence shows that abnormal activation of FGF9 signaling is associated with tumor malignancy. We have previously reported that FGF9 increases MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cell proliferation, in vitro, and tumor growth, in vivo. Also, FGF9 promotes the tumor growth and liver metastasis of mouse Lewis lung cancer cells, in vivo. However, the effects of FGF9 in the early stage of tumorigenesis remains elusive. In this study, TM3 mouse Leydig progenitor cells, that are not tumorigenic in immunocompromised mice, were used as a model cell line to investigate the role of FGF9 in tumorigenesis. The results demonstrated that FGF9 significantly induced cell proliferation and activated the MAPK, PI3K and PLCγ signaling pathways in TM3 cells. The percentage of the cell number in G1 phase was reduced and that in S and G2/M phases was increased after FGF9 stimulation in TM3 cells. Cyclin D1, cyclin A1, CDK2, CDK1, and p21 expressions and the phosphorylation level of Rb were all induced in FGF9-treated TM3 cells. In addition, FGF9 increased the expression of FGF receptor 1-4 in TM3 cells, suggesting the positive feedback loop between FGF9 and FGFRs. Furthermore, in the allograft mouse model, FGF9 promoted the tumorigenesis of TM3 cells characterized by higher expression of tumor markers, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and α-fetoprotein (AFP), in the subcutaneously inoculated TM3 cell tissue. Conclusively, FGF9 induced cell cycle to increase cell proliferation of TM3 cells through FAK, MAPK, PI3K/Akt and PLCγ signaling pathways, in vitro, and promoted the tumorigenesis of TM3 cell allograft tissue, in vivo, which is a potential marker for tumor as well as a target for cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Wang S, Liu X, Meng Z, Feng Q, Lin Y, Niu H, Yu C, Zong Y, Guo L, Yang W, Ma Y, Zhang W, Li C, Yang Y, Wang W, Gao X, Hu Y, Liu C, Nie L. DCBLD2 regulates vascular hyperplasia by modulating the platelet derived growth factor receptor-β endocytosis through Caveolin-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22488. [PMID: 35929441 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200156rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
DCBLD2 is a neuropilin-like transmembrane protein that is up-regulated during arterial remodeling in humans, rats, and mice. Activation of PDGFR-β via PDGF triggers receptor phosphorylation and endocytosis. Subsequent activation of downstream signals leads to the stimulation of phenotypic conversion of VSMCs and arterial wall proliferation, which are common pathological changes in vascular remodeling diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and restenosis after angioplasty. In this study, we hypothesized that DCBLD2 regulates neointimal hyperplasia through the regulation of PDGFR-β endocytosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through Caveolin-1 (Cav-1). Compared with wild-type (WT) mice or control littermate mice, the germline or VSMC conditional deletion of the Dcbld2 gene resulted in a significant increase in the thickness of the tunica media in the carotid artery ligation. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, VSMCs were isolated from the aorta of WT or Dcbld2-/- mice and were stimulated with PDGF. Western blotting assays demonstrated that Dcbld2 deletion increased the PDGF signaling pathway. Biotin labeling test and membrane-cytosol separation test showed that after DCBLD2 was knocked down or knocked out, the level of PDGFR-β on the cell membrane was significantly reduced, while the amount of PDGFR-β in the cytoplasm increased. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that after DCBLD2 gene knock-out, the binding of PDGFR-β and Cav-1 in the cytoplasm significantly increased. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that PDGFR-β accumulated Cav-1/lysosomes earlier than for control cells, which indicated that DCBLD2 gene knock-down or deletion accelerated the endocytosis of PDGF-induced PDGFR-β in VSMCs. In order to confirm that DCBLD2 affects the relationship between Cav-1 and PDGFR-β, proteins extracted from VSMCs cultured in vitro were derived from WT and Dcbld2-/- mice, whereas co-immunoprecipitation suggested that the combination of DCBLD2 and Cav-1 reduced the bond between Cav-1 and PDGFR-β, and DCBLD2 knock-out was able to enhance the interaction between Cav-1 and PDGFR-β. Therefore, the current results suggest that DCBLD2 may inhibit the caveolae-dependent endocytosis of PDGFR-β by anchoring the receptor on the cell membrane. Based on its ability to regulate the activity of PDGFR-β, DCBLD2 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zeqi Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanling Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Honglin Niu
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanhong Zong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuehua Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunran Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xurui Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaxin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science and Key Laboratory of Animal Science of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Chiu CW, Hsieh CY, Yang CH, Tsai JH, Huang SY, Sheu JR. Yohimbine, an α2-Adrenoceptor Antagonist, Suppresses PDGF-BB-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Downregulating the PLCγ1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148049. [PMID: 35887391 PMCID: PMC9324260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yohimbine (YOH) has antiproliferative effects against breast cancer and pancreatic cancer; however, its effects on vascular proliferative diseases such as atherosclerosis remain unknown. Accordingly, we investigated the inhibitory mechanisms of YOH in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, a major mitogenic factor in vascular diseases. YOH (5–20 μM) suppressed PDGF-BB-stimulated a mouse VSMC line (MOVAS-1 cell) proliferation without inducing cytotoxicity. YOH also exhibited antimigratory effects and downregulated matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression in PDGF-BB-stimulated MOVAS-1 cells. It also promoted cell cycle arrest in the initial gap/first gap phase by upregulating p27Kip1 and p53 expression and reducing cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. We noted phospholipase C-γ1 (PLCγ1) but not ERK1/2, AKT, or p38 kinase phosphorylation attenuation in YOH-modulated PDGF-BB-propagated signaling pathways in the MOVAS-1 cells. Furthermore, YOH still inhibited PDGF-BB-induced cell proliferation and PLCγ1 phosphorylation in MOVAS-1 cells with α2B-adrenergic receptor knockdown. YOH (5 and 10 mg/kg) substantially suppressed neointimal hyperplasia in mice subjected to CCA ligation for 21 days. Overall, our results reveal that YOH attenuates PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration by downregulating a α2B-adrenergic receptor–independent PLCγ1 pathway and reduces neointimal formation in vivo. Therefore, YOH has potential for repurposing for treating atherosclerosis and other vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-H.Y.); (J.-H.T.)
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-H.Y.); (J.-H.T.)
| | - Jie-Heng Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-H.Y.); (J.-H.T.)
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.H.); (J.-R.S.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6543) (S.-Y.H.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3199) (J.-R.S.)
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-H.Y.); (J.-H.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.H.); (J.-R.S.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6543) (S.-Y.H.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3199) (J.-R.S.)
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Long Non-Coding RNAs Might Regulate Phenotypic Switch of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Acting as ceRNA: Implications for In-Stent Restenosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063074. [PMID: 35328496 PMCID: PMC8952224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary in-stent restenosis is a late complication of angioplasty. It is a multifactorial process that involves vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), endothelial cells, and inflammatory and genetic factors. In this study, the transcriptomic landscape of VSMCs’ phenotypic switch process was assessed under stimuli resembling stent injury. Co-cultured contractile VSMCs and endothelial cells were exposed to a bare metal stent and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) 20 ng/mL. Migratory capacity (wound healing assay), proliferative capacity, and cell cycle analysis of the VSMCs were performed. RNAseq analysis of contractile vs. proliferative VSMCs was performed. Gene differential expression (DE), identification of new long non-coding RNA candidates (lncRNAs), gene ontology (GO), and pathway enrichment (KEGG) were analyzed. A competing endogenous RNA network was constructed, and significant lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA axes were selected. VSMCs exposed to “stent injury” conditions showed morphologic changes, with proliferative and migratory capacities progressing from G0-G1 cell cycle phase to S and G2-M. RNAseq analysis showed DE of 1099, 509 and 64 differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs, respectively. GO analysis of DE genes showed significant enrichment in collagen and extracellular matrix organization, regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation, and collagen biosynthetic process. The main upregulated nodes in the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network were PVT1 and HIF1-AS2, with downregulation of ACTA2-AS1 and MIR663AHG. The PVT1 ceRNA axis appears to be an attractive target for in-stent restenosis diagnosis and treatment.
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Hildebrand S, Ibrahim M, Schlitzer A, Maegdefessel L, Röll W, Pfeifer A. PDGF regulates guanylate cyclase expression and cGMP signaling in vascular smooth muscle. Commun Biol 2022; 5:197. [PMID: 35241778 PMCID: PMC8894477 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitric oxide-cGMP (NO-cGMP) pathway is of outstanding importance for vascular homeostasis and has multiple beneficial effects in vascular disease. Neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury is caused by increased proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the role of NO-cGMP signaling in human VSMCs in this process is still not fully understood. Here, we investigate the interaction between platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-signaling, one of the major contributors to neointimal hyperplasia, and the cGMP pathway in vascular smooth muscle, focusing on NO-sensitive soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). We show that PDGF reduces sGC expression by activating PI3K and Rac1, which in turn alters Notch ligand signaling. These data are corroborated by gene expression analysis in human atheromas, as well as immunohistological analysis of diseased and injured arteries. Collectively, our data identify the crosstalk between PDGF and NO/sGC signaling pathway in human VSMCs as a potential target to tackle neointimal hyperplasia. PDGF reduces expression of nitric oxide-sensitive soluble guanylyl cyclase (NO-sGC) through PI3K-P-Rex1-Rac1 signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. These insights provide possible avenues to prevent dysregulation of NO/cGMP signaling in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Hildebrand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Quantitative Systems Biology, LIMES-Institute (Life and Medical Sciences Bonn), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Quantitative Systems Biology, LIMES-Institute (Life and Medical Sciences Bonn), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Experimental Vascular Surgery and Medicine, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wilhelm Röll
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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9
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Potential Effects of Metformin on the Vitality, Invasion, and Migration of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Downregulating lncRNA-ATB. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7480199. [PMID: 35027983 PMCID: PMC8752240 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7480199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the role of metformin in influencing VSMCs via the involvement of lncRNA-ATB. Methods qRT-PCR was conducted to detect serum levels of lncRNA-ATB and p53 in CHD patients (n = 50) and healthy subjects (n = 50). Correlation in serum levels of lncRNA-ATB and p53 in CHD patients was assessed by Pearson correlation test. ROC curves were depicted for analyzing the predictive potential of lncRNA-ATB in the occurrence of CHD. After metformin induction in VSMCs overexpressing lncRNA-ATB, relative levels of lncRNA-ATB and p53 were detected. Meanwhile, proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities in VSMCs were, respectively, examined by CCK-8 and transwell assay. The interaction between lncRNA-ATB and p53 was tested by RIP. In addition, the coregulation of lncRNA-ATB and p53 in cell functions of VSMCs was finally determined. Results Increased serum level of lncRNA-ATB and decreased p53 level were detected in CHD patients than those of healthy subjects. LncRNA-ATB could interact with p53 and negatively regulate its level. In addition, lncRNA-ATB could serve as a potential biomarker for predicting the occurrence of CHD. The overexpression of lncRNA-ATB triggered viability, migratory, and invasive abilities in VSMCs, and the above trends were abolished by metformin induction. The overexpression of p53 partially abolished the promotive effects of lncRNA-ATB on proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities in VSMCs. Conclusions Metformin induction inhibits proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities in VSMCs by downregulating lncRNA-ATB, which may be related to p53 activation.
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10
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Berghausen EM, Janssen W, Vantler M, Gnatzy-Feik LL, Krause M, Behringer A, Joseph C, Zierden M, Freyhaus HT, Klinke A, Baldus S, Alcazar MA, Savai R, Pullamsetti SS, Wong DW, Boor P, Zhao JJ, Schermuly RT, Rosenkranz S. Disrupted PI3K subunit p110α signaling protects against pulmonary hypertension and reverses established disease in rodents. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136939. [PMID: 34596056 DOI: 10.1172/jci136939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced signaling via RTKs in pulmonary hypertension (PH) impedes current treatment options because it perpetuates proliferation and apoptosis resistance of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Here, we demonstrated hyperphosphorylation of multiple RTKs in diseased human vessels and increased activation of their common downstream effector phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), which thus emerged as an attractive therapeutic target. Systematic characterization of class IA catalytic PI3K isoforms identified p110α as the key regulator of pathogenic signaling pathways and PASMC responses (proliferation, migration, survival) downstream of multiple RTKs. Smooth muscle cell-specific genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of p110α prevented onset and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as well as right heart hypertrophy in vivo and even reversed established vascular remodeling and PH in various animal models. These effects were attributable to both inhibition of vascular proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Since this pathway is abundantly activated in human disease, p110α represents a central target in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Berghausen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wiebke Janssen
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), and German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Marius Vantler
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Leoni L Gnatzy-Feik
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Krause
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnica Behringer
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Christine Joseph
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Mario Zierden
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henrik Ten Freyhaus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Klinke
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alcazar
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Institute for Lung Health, member of the DZL, UGMLC, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Pediatric and Adolecent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Dickson Wl Wong
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), and German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Mineo C. Lipoprotein receptor signalling in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1254-1274. [PMID: 31834409 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The founding member of the lipoprotein receptor family, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays a major role in the atherogenesis through the receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL particles and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Since the discovery of the LDLR, many other structurally and functionally related receptors have been identified, which include low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)1, LRP5, LRP6, very low-density lipoprotein receptor, and apolipoprotein E receptor 2. The scavenger receptor family members, on the other hand, constitute a family of pattern recognition proteins that are structurally diverse and recognize a wide array of ligands, including oxidized LDL. Among these are cluster of differentiation 36, scavenger receptor class B type I and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1. In addition to the initially assigned role as a mediator of the uptake of macromolecules into the cell, a large number of studies in cultured cells and in in vivo animal models have revealed that these lipoprotein receptors participate in signal transduction to modulate cellular functions. This review highlights the signalling pathways by which these receptors influence the process of atherosclerosis development, focusing on their roles in the vascular cells, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and platelets. Human genetics of the receptors is also discussed to further provide the relevance to cardiovascular disease risks in humans. Further knowledge of the vascular biology of the lipoprotein receptors and their ligands will potentially enhance our ability to harness the mechanism to develop novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA
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12
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Lang F, Rajaxavier J, Singh Y, Brucker SY, Salker MS. The Enigmatic Role of Serum & Glucocorticoid Inducible Kinase 1 in the Endometrium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:556543. [PMID: 33195190 PMCID: PMC7609842 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.556543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is subject to genetic up-regulation by diverse stimulators including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, dehydration, ischemia, radiation and hyperosmotic shock. To become active, the expressed kinase requires phosphorylation, which is accomplished by PI3K/PDK1 and mTOR dependent signaling. SGK1 enhances the expression/activity of various transport proteins including Na+/K+-ATPase as well as ion-, glucose-, and amino acid- carriers in the plasma membrane. SGK1 can further up-regulate diverse ion channels, such as Na+-, Ca2+-, K+- and Cl– channels. SGK1 regulates expression/activity of a wide variety of transcription factors (such as FKHRL1/Foxo3a, β-catenin, NFκB and p53). SGK1 thus contributes to the regulation of transport, glycolysis, angiogenesis, cell survival, immune regulation, cell migration, tissue fibrosis and tissue calcification. In this review we summarized the current findings that SGK1 plays a crucial function in the regulation of endometrial function. Specifically, it plays a dual role in the regulation of endometrial receptivity necessary for implantation and, subsequently in pregnancy maintenance. Furthermore, fetal programming of blood pressure regulation requires maternal SGK1. Underlying mechanisms are, however, still ill-defined and there is a substantial need for additional information to fully understand the role of SGK1 in the orchestration of embryo implantation, embryo survival and fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janet Rajaxavier
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury via p-adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. J Hypertens 2020; 37:2256-2268. [PMID: 31136458 PMCID: PMC6784764 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a crucial cause of vascular neointima hyperplasia and restenosis, thus limiting the long-term efficacy of percutaneous vascular intervention. We explored the role of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1), a potent regulator of tumorigenesis and atherosclerosis, in VSMC proliferation and neointima hyperplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS Animal model of vascular restenosis was established in wild type C57BL/6J and VSMC-specific Tuberous Sclerosis 1 (TSC1)-knockdown mice by wire injury. We observed increased protein levels of Wip1, phospho (p)-S6 Ribosomal Protein (S6), p-4EBP1 but decreased p-adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α both in carotid artery at day 28 after injury and in VSMCs after 48 h of platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) treatment. By using hematoxylin-eosin staining, Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining, cell counting kit-8 assay and Ki-67 immunofluorescence staining, we found Wip1 antagonist GSK2830371 (GSK) or mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor rapamycin both obviously reversed the neointima formation and VSMC proliferation induced by wire injury and PDGF-BB, respectively. GSK also reversed the increase in mRNA level of Collagen I after wire injury. However, GSK had no obvious effects on VSMC migration induced by PDGF-BB. Simultaneously, TSC1 knockdown as well as AMPK inhibition by Compound C abolished the vascular protective and anti-proliferative effects of Wip1 inhibition. Additionally, suppression of AMPK also reversed the declined mTORC1 activity by GSK. CONCLUSION Wip1 promotes VSMC proliferation and neointima hyperplasia after wire injury via affecting AMPK/mTORC1 pathway.
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14
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Yu Q, Li W, Jin R, Yu S, Xie D, Zheng X, Zhong W, Cheng X, Hu S, Li M, Zheng Q, Li G, Song Z. PI3Kγ (Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ) Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation and Neointimal Formation Through CREB (Cyclic AMP-Response Element Binding Protein)/YAP (Yes-Associated Protein) Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:e91-e105. [PMID: 30651001 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype modulation is critical for the resolution of vascular injury. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ (phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ) exerts anti-inflammatory and protective effects in multiple cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the role of PI3Kγ and its downstream effector molecules in the regulation of VSMC phenotypic modulation and neointimal formation in response to vascular injury. Approach and Results- Increased expression of PI3Kγ was found in injured vessel wall as well in cultured, serum-activated wild-type VSMCs, accompanied by a reduction in the expression of calponin and SM22α, 2 differentiation markers of VSMCs. However, the injury-induced downregulation of calponin and SM22α was profoundly attenuated in PI3Kγ-/- mice. Pharmacological inhibition and short hairpin RNA knockdown of PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ-KD) markedly attenuated YAP (Yes-associated protein) expression and CREB (cyclic AMP-response element binding protein) activation but improved the downregulation of differentiation genes in cultured VSMCs accompanied by reduced cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, activated CREB upregulated YAP transcriptional expression through binding to its promoter. Ectopic expression of YAP strikingly repressed the expression of differentiation genes even in PI3Kγ-KD VSMCs. Moreover, established carotid artery ligation and chimeric mice models demonstrate that deletion of PI3Kγ in naïve PI3Kγ-/- mice as well as in chimeric mice lacking PI3Kγ either in bone marrow or vascular wall significantly reduced neointimal formation after injury. Conclusions- PI3Kγ controls phenotypic modulation of VSMCs by regulating transcription factor CREB activation and YAP expression. Modulating PI3Kγ signaling on local vascular wall may represent a new therapeutic approach to treat proliferative vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Yu
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Departments of Gerontology (W.L.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (R.J., S.Y., G.L.).,and Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (R.J., W.Z., G.L.)
| | - Shiyong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (R.J., S.Y., G.L.).,Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (S.Y.)
| | - Dawei Xie
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xichuan Zheng
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- and Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (R.J., W.Z., G.L.)
| | - Xiang Cheng
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qichang Zheng
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (R.J., S.Y., G.L.).,and Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (R.J., W.Z., G.L.)
| | - Zifang Song
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Q.Y., D.X., X.Z., X.C., S.H., M.L., Q.Z., Z.S.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Zou S, Ren P, Zhang L, Azares AR, Zhang S, Coselli JS, Shen YH, LeMaire SA. Activation of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells and Resident Aortic Cells During Aortic Injury. J Surg Res 2019; 245:1-12. [PMID: 31394402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of aortic injury, repair, and remodeling during aortic aneurysm and dissection is poorly understood. We examined the activation of bone marrow (BM)-derived and resident aortic cells in response to aortic injury in a mouse model of sporadic aortic aneurysm and dissection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ BM cells. For 4 wk, these mice were either unchallenged with chow diet and saline infusion or challenged with high-fat diet and angiotensin II infusion. We then examined the aortic recruitment of GFP+ BM-derived cells, growth factor production, and the differentiation potential of GFP+ BM-derived and GFP- resident aortic cells. RESULTS Aortic challenge induced recruitment of GFP+ BM cells and activation of GFP- resident aortic cells, both of which produced growth factors. Although BM cells and resident aortic cells equally contributed to the fibroblast populations, we did not detect the differentiation of BM cells into smooth muscle cells. Interestingly, aortic macrophages were both of BM-derived (45%) and of non-BM-derived (55%) origin. We also observed a significant increase in stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1)+ stem/progenitor cells and neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2+) cells in the aortic wall of challenged mice. Although some of the Sca-1+ cells and NG2+ cells were BM derived, most of these cells were resident aortic cells. Sca-1+ cells produced growth factors and differentiated into fibroblasts and NG2+ cells. CONCLUSIONS BM-derived and resident aortic cells are activated in response to aortic injury and contribute to aortic inflammation, repair, and remodeling by producing growth factors and differentiating into fibroblasts and inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sili Zou
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingping Ren
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Alon R Azares
- Molecular Cardiology Research Lab, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Sui Zhang
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph S Coselli
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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16
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Lang F, Stournaras C, Zacharopoulou N, Voelkl J, Alesutan I. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 and the response to cell stress. Cell Stress 2018; 3:1-8. [PMID: 31225494 PMCID: PMC6551677 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.01.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is up-regulated by several types of cell stress, such as ischemia, radiation and hyperosmotic shock. The SGK1 protein is activated by a signaling cascade involving phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). SGK1 up-regulates Na+/K+-ATPase, a variety of carriers including Na+-,K+-,2Cl−- cotransporter (NKCC), NaCl cotransporter (NCC), Na+/H+ exchangers, diverse amino acid transporters and several glucose carriers such as Na+-coupled glucose transporter SGLT1. SGK1 further up-regulates a large number of ion channels including epithelial Na+ channel ENaC, voltagegated Na+ channel SCN5A, Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel (ORAI1) with its stimulator STIM1, epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 and diverse K+ channels. Furthermore, SGK1 influences transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 tumor suppressor protein, cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and forkhead box O3 protein (FOXO3a). Thus, SGK1 supports cellular glucose uptake and glycolysis, angiogenesis, cell survival, cell migration, and wound healing. Presumably as last line of defense against tissue injury, SGK1 fosters tissue fibrosis and tissue calcification replacing energy consuming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nefeli Zacharopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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17
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Chang MM, Lai MS, Hong SY, Pan BS, Huang H, Yang SH, Wu CC, Sun HS, Chuang JI, Wang CY, Huang BM. FGF9/FGFR2 increase cell proliferation by activating ERK1/2, Rb/E2F1, and cell cycle pathways in mouse Leydig tumor cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3503-3518. [PMID: 30191630 PMCID: PMC6215879 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) promotes cancer progression; however, its role in cell proliferation related to tumorigenesis remains elusive. We investigated how FGF9 affected MA‐10 mouse Leydig tumor cell proliferation and found that FGF9 significantly induced cell proliferation by activating ERK1/2 and retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylations within 15 minutes. Subsequently, the expressions of E2F1 and the cell cycle regulators: cyclin D1, cyclin E1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in G1 phase and cyclin A1, CDK2 and CDK1 in S‐G2/M phases were increased at 12 hours after FGF9 treatment; and cyclin B1 in G2/M phases were induced at 24 hours after FGF9 stimulation, whereas the phosphorylations of p53, p21 and p27 were not affected by FGF9. Moreover, FGF9‐induced effects were inhibited by MEK inhibitor PD98059, indicating FGF9 activated the Rb/E2F pathway to accelerate MA‐10 cell proliferation by activating ERK1/2. Immunoprecipitation assay and ChIP‐quantitative PCR results showed that FGF9‐induced Rb phosphorylation led to the dissociation of Rb‐E2F1 complexes and thereby enhanced the transactivations of E2F1 target genes, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1 and Cyclin A1. Silencing of FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) using lentiviral shRNA inhibited FGF9‐induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation, indicating that FGFR2 is the obligate receptor for FGF9 to bind and activate the signaling pathway in MA‐10 cells. Furthermore, in a severe combined immunodeficiency mouse xenograft model, FGF9 significantly promoted MA‐10 tumor growth, a consequence of increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Conclusively, FGF9 interacts with FGFR2 to activate ERK1/2, Rb/E2F1 and cell cycle pathways to induce MA‐10 cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shao Lai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Ying Hong
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hsin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsun Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Ing Chuang
- Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Yu Q, Li W, Xie D, Zheng X, Huang T, Xue P, Guo B, Gao Y, Zhang C, Sun P, Li M, Wang G, Cheng X, Zheng Q, Song Z. PI3Kγ promotes vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and transplant arteriosclerosis via a SOX9-dependent mechanism. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:39-53. [PMID: 30241919 PMCID: PMC6197754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplant arteriosclerosis (TA) remains the major cause of chronic graft failure in solid organ transplantation. The phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key event for the initiation and progression of neointimal formation and TA. This study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanism of phosphoinositide 3-kinases γ (PI3Kγ) in VSMC phenotypic modulation and TA. Methods The rat model of aortic transplantation was established to detect PI3Kγ expression and its role in neointimal formation and vascular remodeling in vivo. PI3Kγ shRNA transfection was employed to knockdown PI3Kγ gene. Aortic VSMCs was cultured and treated with TNF-α to explore the role and molecular mechanism of PI3Kγ in VSMC phenotypic modulation. Findings Activated PI3Kγ/p-Akt signaling was observed in aortic allografts and in TNF-α-treated VSMCs. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA transfection effectively inhibited PI3Kγ expression in medial VSMCs while restoring the expression of VSMC contractile genes, associated with impaired neointimal formation in aortic allografts. In cultured VSMCs, PI3Kγ blockade with pharmacological inhibitor or genetic knockdown markedly abrogated TNF-α-induced downregulation of VSMC contractile genes and increase in cellular proliferation and migration. Moreover, SOX9 located in nucleus competitively inhibited the interaction of Myocardin and SRF, while PI3Kγ inhibition robustly reduced SOX9 expression and its nuclear translocation and repaired the Myocardin/SRF association. Interpretation These results suggest that PI3Kγ plays a critical role in VSMC phenotypic modulation via a SOX9-dependent mechanism. Therefore, PI3Kγ in VSMCs may represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of TA. Fund National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Departments of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dawei Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xichuan Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Departments of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Hepatology and Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qichang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zifang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Zhi H, Gong FH, Cheng WL, Zhu K, Chen L, Yao Y, Ye X, Zhu XY, Li H. Tollip Negatively Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Mediated Neointima Formation by Suppressing Akt-Dependent Signaling. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e006851. [PMID: 29887521 PMCID: PMC6220530 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tollip, a well-established endogenous modulator of Toll-like receptor signaling, is involved in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Tollip in neointima formation and its associated mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, transient increases in Tollip expression were observed in platelet-derived growth factor-BB-treated vascular smooth muscle cells and following vascular injury in mice. We then applied loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches to elucidate the effects of Tollip on neointima formation. While exaggerated neointima formation was observed in Tollip-deficient murine neointima formation models, Tollip overexpression alleviated vascular injury-induced neointima formation by preventing vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and migration. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Tollip overexpression may exert a protective role in the vasculature by suppressing Akt-dependent signaling, which was further confirmed in rescue experiments using the Akt-specific inhibitor (AKTI). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that Tollip protects against neointima formation by negatively regulating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and migration in an Akt-dependent manner. Upregulation of Tollip may be a promising strategy for treating vascular remodeling-related diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carotid Artery Injuries/enzymology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery, External/enzymology
- Carotid Artery, External/pathology
- Cell Dedifferentiation
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Peripheral Arterial Disease/enzymology
- Peripheral Arterial Disease/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fu-Han Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Lin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kongbo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingzhou Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Yuan L, Chen C, Li Z, Zhu G, Bao J, Zhao Z, Lu Q, Jing Z. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant for prevention of reocclusion in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing endovascular treatment for low extremity ischemia. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:1857-1863. [PMID: 29707340 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.02.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to report the efficacy of the mono antiplatelet plus anticoagulation therapy for prevention of reocclusion in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing endovascular treatment for lower extremity ischemia. Methods From March 2014 to July 2016, 32 (21 males; range, 68-84 years) patients were submitted to endovascular therapy for low extremity ischemia with AF and all were treated with endovascular treatments to correct underlying lesions. Then 20 patients receive aspirin plus rivaroxaban post-operation and 12 patients receive aspirin plus warfarin to prevent reocclusion. Results Complete reconstruction of occluded femopopliteal arteries with unimpeded blood flow to legs were successfully obtained in all 32 patients; 12 (37.5%) patients had acute ischemia, 17 (53.1%) patients had chronic ischemia, 3 (9.4%) patients had acute on chronic ischemia. Endovascular treatments including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting were performed to correct residual lesions after the thrombolytic/thrombectomy procedure or to correct native lesions for chronic patients. All 32 patients showed significant improvements in symptoms and 4 patients improved completely. The mean ankle-brachial index (ABI) had risen from 0.43±0.21 preoperatively to 0.81±0.16 postoperatively (P<0.01), and the primary patency rates were 88.9% at 12 months, and 81.5% at 24 months. No episodes of major bleeding and only one patient showed positive fecal occult blood tests during the follow-up. Conclusions The mono antiplatelet plus anticoagulation therapy offers a safe and effective alternative for prevention of reocclusion in patients with AF undergoing endovascular treatment for lower extremity ischemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxi Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Military Medical, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Military Medical, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanglang Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junmin Bao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingsheng Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zaiping Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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21
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Wang D, Uhrin P, Mocan A, Waltenberger B, Breuss JM, Tewari D, Mihaly-Bison J, Huminiecki Ł, Starzyński RR, Tzvetkov NT, Horbańczuk J, Atanasov AG. Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as a therapeutic target. Part 1: molecular targets and pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1586-1607. [PMID: 29684502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of human death worldwide. Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to the etiology of such diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. The control of vascular cell proliferation is complex and encompasses interactions of many regulatory molecules and signaling pathways. Herein, we recapitulated the importance of signaling cascades relevant for the regulation of vascular cell proliferation. Detailed understanding of the mechanism underlying this process is essential for the identification of new lead compounds (e.g., natural products) for vascular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes M Breuss
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, 263136 Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Judit Mihaly-Bison
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Łukasz Huminiecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Rafał R Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; NTZ Lab Ltd., Krasno Selo 198, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jarosław Horbańczuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Roostalu U, Wong JK. Arterial smooth muscle dynamics in development and repair. Dev Biol 2018; 435:109-121. [PMID: 29397877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arterial vasculature distributes blood from early embryonic development and provides a nutrient highway to maintain tissue viability. Atherosclerosis, peripheral artery diseases, stroke and aortic aneurysm represent the most frequent causes of death and are all directly related to abnormalities in the function of arteries. Vascular intervention techniques have been established for the treatment of all of these pathologies, yet arterial surgery can itself lead to biological changes in which uncontrolled arterial wall cell proliferation leads to restricted blood flow. In this review we describe the intricate cellular composition of arteries, demonstrating how a variety of distinct cell types in the vascular walls regulate the function of arteries. We provide an overview of the developmental origin of arteries and perivascular cells and focus on cellular dynamics in arterial repair. We summarize the current knowledge of the molecular signaling pathways that regulate vascular smooth muscle differentiation in the embryo and in arterial injury response. Our review aims to highlight the similarities as well as differences between cellular and molecular mechanisms that control arterial development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmas Roostalu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Jason Kf Wong
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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23
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A patient with germ-line gain-of-function PDGFRB p.N666H mutation and marked clinical response to imatinib. Genet Med 2017; 20:142-150. [PMID: 28726812 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeHeterozygous germ-line activating mutations in PDGFRB cause Kosaki and Penttinen syndromes and myofibromatosis. We describe a 10-year-old child with a germ-line PDGFRB p.N666H mutation who responded to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib by inhibition of PDGFRB.MethodsThe impact of p.N666H on PDGFRB function and sensitivity to imatinib was studied in cell culture.ResultsCells expressing the p.N666H mutation showed constitutive PDGFRB tyrosine phosphorylation. PDGF-independent proliferation was abolished by imatinib at 1 μM concentration. Patient fibroblasts showed constitutive receptor tyrosine phosphorylation that was also abrogated by imatinib with reduced proliferation of treated cells.This led to patient treatment with imatinib at 400 mg daily (340 mg/m2) for a year with objective improvement of debilitating hand and foot contractures, reduced facial coarseness, and significant improvement in quality of life. New small subcutaneous nodules developed, but remained stable. Transient leukopenia, neutropenia, and fatigue resolved without intervention; however, mildly decreased growth velocity resulted in reducing imatinib dose to 200 mg daily (170 mg/m2). The patient continues treatment with ongoing clinical response.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is one of the first personalized treatments of a congenital disorder caused by a germ-line PDGF receptor mutation with a PDGFRB inhibitor.
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24
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Jiang D, Zhuang J, Peng W, Lu Y, Liu H, Zhao Q, Chi C, Li X, Zhu G, Xu X, Yan C, Xu Y, Ge J, Pang J. Phospholipase Cγ1 Mediates Intima Formation Through Akt-Notch1 Signaling Independent of the Phospholipase Activity. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.005537. [PMID: 28698260 PMCID: PMC5586285 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation are critical for vascular diseases. Recently, it was demonstrated that Notch receptors have opposing effects on intima formation after vessel injury. Therefore, it is important to investigate the specific regulatory pathways that activate the different Notch receptors. Methods and Results There was a time‐ and dose‐dependent activation of Notch1 by angiotensin II and platelet‐derived growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells. When phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) expression was reduced by small interfering RNA, Notch1 activation and Hey2 expression (Notch target gene) induced by angiotensin II or platelet‐derived growth factor were remarkably inhibited, while Notch2 degradation was not affected. Mechanistically, we observed an association of PLCγ1 and Akt, which increased after angiotensin II or platelet‐derived growth factor stimulation. PLCγ1 knockdown significantly inhibited Akt activation. Importantly, PLCγ1 phospholipase site mutation (no phospholipase activity) did not affect Akt activation. Furthermore, PLCγ1 depletion inhibited platelet‐derived growth factor–induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation, while it increased apoptosis. In vivo, PLCγ1 and control small interfering RNA were delivered periadventitially in pluronic gel and complete carotid artery ligation was performed. Morphometric analysis 21 days after ligation demonstrated that PLCγ1 small interfering RNA robustly attenuated intima area and intima/media ratio compared with the control group. Conclusions PLCγ1‐Akt–mediated Notch1 signaling is crucial for intima formation. This effect is attributable to PLCγ1‐Akt interaction but not PLCγ1 phospholipase activity. Specific inhibition of the PLCγ1 and Akt interaction will be a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangbin Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China .,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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25
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Cui S, Li K, Ang L, Liu J, Cui L, Song X, Lv S, Mahmud E. Plasma Phospholipids and Sphingolipids Identify Stent Restenosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Dong N, Wang W, Tian J, Xie Z, Lv B, Dai J, Jiang R, Huang D, Fang S, Tian J, Li H, Yu B. MicroRNA-182 prevents vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation via FGF9/PDGFRβ signaling. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:791-798. [PMID: 28259995 PMCID: PMC5360430 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) causes various proliferative vascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been established to play important roles in SMC biology and phenotypic modulation. This study revealed that the expression of miR‑182 was markedly altered during rat vascular SMC phenotypic transformation in vitro. We aimed to investigate the role of miR‑182 in the vascular SMC phenotypic switch and to determine the potential molecular mechanisms involved. The expression of miR‑182 gene was significantly downregulated in cultured SMCs during dedifferentiation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. Conversely, the upregulation of miR‑182 increased the expression of SMC-specific contractile genes, such as α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle 22α and calponin. Additionally, miR‑182 overexpression potently inhibited SMC proliferation and migration under both basal conditions and under platelet-derived growth factor-BB stimulation. Furthermore, we identified fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) as the target gene of miR‑182 for the phenotypic modulation of SMCs mediated through platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) signaling. These data suggest that miR‑182 may be a novel SMC phenotypic marker and a modulator that may be used to prevent SMC dedifferentiation via FGF9/PDGFRβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jinwei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zulong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jiannan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Shaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jiangtian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hulun Li
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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27
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Walker-Allgaier B, Schaub M, Alesutan I, Voelkl J, Geue S, Münzer P, Rodríguez JM, Kuhl D, Lang F, Gawaz M, Borst O. SGK1 up-regulates Orai1 expression and VSMC migration during neointima formation after arterial injury. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1002-1005. [PMID: 28203685 DOI: 10.1160/th16-09-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Meinrad Gawaz, MD, Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Otfried Mueller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Tel.: +49 7071 2983688, Fax: +49 7071 294473 , E-mail:
| | - Oliver Borst
- Oliver Borst, MD, Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Otfried Mueller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Tel.: +49 7071 2984483, Fax: +49 7071 294473, E-mail:
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28
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Chung YL, Pan CH, Wang CCN, Hsu KC, Sheu MJ, Chen HF, Wu CH. Methyl Protodioscin, a Steroidal Saponin, Inhibits Neointima Formation in Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1635-1644. [PMID: 27227546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Restenosis (or neointimal hyperplasia) remains a clinical limitation of percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are known to be involved in the development of restenosis. The present study aimed to investigate the ability and molecular mechanisms of methyl protodioscin (1), a steroidal saponin isolated from the root of Dioscorea nipponica, to inhibit neointimal formation. Our study demonstrated that 1 markedly inhibited the growth and migration of VSMCs (A7r5 cells). A cytometric analysis suggested that 1 induced growth inhibition by arresting VSMCs at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. A rat carotid artery balloon injury model indicated that neointima formation of the balloon-injured vessel was markedly reduced after extravascular administration of 1. Compound 1 decreased the expression levels of ADAM15 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 15) and its downstream signaling pathways in the VSMCs. Moreover, the expressions and activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were also suppressed by 1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms appear to be mediated, in part, through the downregulation of ADAM15, FAK, ERK, and PI3K/Akt.
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MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Algorithms
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Carotid Artery Injuries
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Dioscorea/chemistry
- Diosgenin/analogs & derivatives
- Diosgenin/chemistry
- Diosgenin/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Hyperplasia/drug therapy
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Models, Theoretical
- Molecular Structure
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Neointima/drug therapy
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Plant Roots/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Saponins/chemistry
- Saponins/isolation & purification
- Saponins/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lung Chung
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Charles C-N Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University , Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Cancer Biology and Drug Dsicovery, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jyh Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chieh-Hsi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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29
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Smooth Muscle Cell-targeted RNA Aptamer Inhibits Neointimal Formation. Mol Ther 2016; 24:779-87. [PMID: 26732878 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by drug eluting stents has markedly reduced intimal hyperplasia and subsequent in-stent restenosis. However, the effects of antiproliferative drugs on endothelial cells (EC) contribute to delayed re-endothelialization and late stent thrombosis. Cell-targeted therapies to inhibit VSMC remodeling while maintaining EC health are necessary to allow vascular healing while preventing restenosis. We describe an RNA aptamer (Apt 14) that functions as a smart drug by preferentially targeting VSMCs as compared to ECs and other myocytes. Furthermore, Apt 14 inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/Akt) and VSMC migration in response to multiple agonists by a mechanism that involves inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-β phosphorylation. In a murine model of carotid injury, treatment of vessels with Apt 14 reduces neointimal formation to levels similar to those observed with paclitaxel. Importantly, we confirm that Apt 14 cross-reacts with rodent and human VSMCs, exhibits a half-life of ~300 hours in human serum, and does not elicit immune activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We describe a VSMC-targeted RNA aptamer that blocks cell migration and inhibits intimal formation. These findings provide the foundation for the translation of cell-targeted RNA therapeutics to vascular disease.
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30
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Yu D, Makkar G, Strickland DK, Blanpied TA, Stumpo DJ, Blackshear PJ, Sarkar R, Monahan TS. Myristoylated Alanine-Rich Protein Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) Regulates Small GTPase Rac1 and Cdc42 Activity and Is a Critical Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration in Intimal Hyperplasia Formation. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e002255. [PMID: 26450120 PMCID: PMC4845127 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is upregulated in animal models of intimal hyperplasia. MARCKS knockdown inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in vitro; however, the mechanism is as yet unknown. We sought to elucidate the mechanism of MARCKS-mediated motility and determine whether MARCKS knockdown reduces intimal hyperplasia formation in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS MARCKS knockdown blocked platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced translocation of cortactin to the cell cortex, impaired both lamellipodia and filopodia formation, and attenuated motility of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). Activation of the small GTPases, Rac1 and Cdc42, was prevented by MARCKS knockdown. Phosphorylation of MARCKS resulted in a transient shift of MARCKS from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. MARCKS knockdown significantly decreased membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) levels. Cotransfection with an intact, unphosphorylated MARCKS, which has a high binding affinity for PIP2, restored membrane-associated PIP2 levels and was indispensable for activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 and, ultimately, VSMC migration. Overexpression of MARCKS in differentiated VSMCs increased membrane PIP2 abundance, Rac1 and Cdc42 activity, and cell motility. MARCKS protein was upregulated early in the development of intimal hyperplasia in the murine carotid ligation model. Decreased MARKCS expression, but not total knockdown, attenuated intimal hyperplasia formation. CONCLUSIONS MARCKS upregulation increases VSMC motility by activation of Rac1 and Cdc42. These effects are mediated by MARCKS sequestering PIP2 at the plasma membrane. This study delineates a novel mechanism for MARCKS-mediated VSMC migration and supports the rational for MARCKS knockdown to prevent intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., T.S.M.) Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., G.M., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.) Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.)
| | - George Makkar
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., G.M., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.)
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., G.M., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.) Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.K.S., T.A.B., R.S.) Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.)
| | - Thomas A Blanpied
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.K.S., T.A.B., R.S.)
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC (D.J.S., P.J.B.)
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC (D.J.S., P.J.B.)
| | - Rajabrata Sarkar
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., G.M., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.) Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.K.S., T.A.B., R.S.) Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.)
| | - Thomas S Monahan
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., T.S.M.) Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., G.M., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.) Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.)
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31
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Kwon H, Lee JJ, Lee JH, Cho WK, Gu MJ, Lee KJ, Ma JY. Cinnamon and its Components Suppress Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Up-Regulating Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:621-36. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1550038x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia bark has been used in traditional herbal medicine to treat a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, the antiproliferative effect of cinnamon extract on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the corresponding restenosis has not been explored. Hence, after examining the effect of cinnamon extract on VSMC proliferation, we investigated the possible involvement of signal transduction pathways associated with early signal and cell cycle analysis, including regulatory proteins. Besides, to identify the active components, we investigated the components of cinnamon extract on VSMC proliferation. Cinnamon extract inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and suppressed the PDGF-stimulated early signal transduction. In addition, cinnamon extract arrested the cell cycle and inhibited positive regulatory proteins. Correspondingly, the protein levels of p21 and p27 not only were increased in the presence of cinnamon extract, also the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was inhibited by cinnamon extract. Besides, among the components of cinnamon extract, cinnamic acid (CA), eugenol (EG) and cinnamyl alcohol significantly inhibited the VSMC proliferation. Overall, the present study demonstrates that cinnamon extract inhibited the PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of VSMCs through a G0/G1 arrest, which down-regulated the expression of cell cycle positive regulatory proteins by up-regulating p21 and p27 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeeun Kwon
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Gu
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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32
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Vantler M, Jesus J, Leppänen O, Scherner M, Berghausen EM, Mustafov L, Chen X, Kramer T, Zierden M, Gerhardt M, ten Freyhaus H, Blaschke F, Sterner-Kock A, Baldus S, Zhao JJ, Rosenkranz S. Class IA Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Isoform p110α Mediates Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1434-44. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Neointima formation after vascular injury remains a significant problem in clinical cardiology, and current preventive strategies are suboptimal. Phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase is a central downstream mediator of growth factor signaling, but the role of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase isoforms in vascular remodeling remains elusive. We sought to systematically characterize the precise role of catalytic class IA phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase isoforms (p110α, p110β, p110δ), which signal downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, for vascular remodeling in vivo.
Approach and Results—
Western blot analyses revealed that all 3 isoforms are abundantly expressed in smooth muscle cells. To analyze their significance for receptor tyrosine kinases–dependent cellular responses, we used targeted gene knockdown and isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors of p110α (PIK-75), p110β (TGX-221), and p110δ (IC-87114), respectively. We identified p110α to be crucial for receptor tyrosine kinases signaling, thus affecting proliferation, migration, and survival of rat, murine, and human smooth muscle cells, whereas p110β and p110δ activities were dispensable. Surprisingly, p110δ exerted noncatalytic functions in smooth muscle cell proliferation, but had no effect on migration. Based on these results, we generated a mouse model of smooth muscle cell–specific p110α deficiency (sm-p110α
−/−
). Targeted deletion of p110α in sm-p110α
−/−
mice blunted growth factor–induced cellular responses and abolished neointima formation after balloon injury of the carotid artery in mice. In contrast, p110δ deficiency did not affect vascular remodeling in vivo.
Conclusions—
Receptor tyrosine kinases–induced phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase signaling via the p110α isoform plays a central role for vascular remodeling in vivo. Thus, p110α represents a selective target for the prevention of neointima formation after vascular injury, whereas p110β and p110δ expression and activity do not play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Vantler
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Joana Jesus
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Olli Leppänen
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Maximilian Scherner
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Eva Maria Berghausen
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Lenard Mustafov
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Xin Chen
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Tilmann Kramer
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Mario Zierden
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Maximilian Gerhardt
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Henrik ten Freyhaus
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Florian Blaschke
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Anja Sterner-Kock
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Stephan Baldus
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Jean J. Zhao
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
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Antiproliferative Activity of Hinokitiol, a Tropolone Derivative, Is Mediated via the Inductions of p-JNK and p-PLCγ1 Signaling in PDGF-BB-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:8198-212. [PMID: 25961161 PMCID: PMC6272725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is important in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Hinokitiol, a tropolone derivative found in Chamacyparis taiwanensis, has been found to exhibit anticancer activity in a variety of cancers through inhibition of cell proliferation. In the present study, the possible anti-proliferative effect of hinokitiol was investigated on VSMCs. Our results showed that hinokitiol significantly attenuated the PDGF-BB-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs without cytotoxicity. Hinokitiol suppressed the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a maker for cell cycle arrest, and caused G0/G1 phase arrest in cell cycle progression. To investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-proliferative effect of hinokitiol, we examined the effects of hinokitiol on phosphorylations of Akt, ERK1/2, p38 and JNK1/2. Phospholipase C (PLC)-γ1 phosphorylation, its phosphorylated substrates and p27kip1 expression was also analyzed. Pre-treatment of VSMCs with hinikitiol was found to significantly inhibit the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylations of JNK1/2 and PLC-γ1, however no effects on Akt, ERK1/2, and p38. The up-regulation of p27kip1 was also observed in hinokitiol-treated VSMCs. Taken together, our results suggest that hinokitiol inhibits PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of VSMCs by inducing cell cycle arrest, suppressing JNK1/2 phosphorylation and PLC-γ1, and stimulating p27kip1 expression. These findings suggest that hinokitiol may be beneficial for the treatment of vascular-related disorders and diseases.
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Ten Freyhaus H, Berghausen EM, Janssen W, Leuchs M, Zierden M, Murmann K, Klinke A, Vantler M, Caglayan E, Kramer T, Baldus S, Schermuly RT, Tallquist MD, Rosenkranz S. Genetic Ablation of PDGF-Dependent Signaling Pathways Abolishes Vascular Remodeling and Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1236-45. [PMID: 25745058 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite modern therapies, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) harbors a high mortality. Vascular remodeling is a hallmark of the disease. Recent clinical studies revealed that antiremodeling approaches with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors such as imatinib are effective, but its applicability is limited by significant side effects. Although imatinib has multiple targets, expression analyses support a role for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the pathobiology of the disease. However, its precise role and downstream signaling events have not been established. APPROACH AND RESULTS Patients with PAH exhibit enhanced expression and phosphorylation of β PDGF receptor (βPDGFR) in remodeled pulmonary arterioles, particularly at the binding sites for phophatidyl-inositol-3-kinase and PLCγ at tyrosine residues 751 and 1021, respectively. These signaling molecules were identified as critical downstream mediators of βPDGFR-mediated proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. We, therefore, investigated mice expressing a mutated βPDGFR that is unable to recruit phophatidyl-inositol-3-kinase and PLCγ (βPDGFR(F3/F3)). PDGF-dependent Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, cyclin D1 induction, and proliferation, migration, and protection against apoptosis were abolished in βPDGFR(F3/F3) pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. On exposure to chronic hypoxia, vascular remodeling of pulmonary arteries was blunted in βPDGFR(F3/F3) mice compared with wild-type littermates. These alterations led to protection from hypoxia-induced PAH and right ventricular hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS By means of a genetic approach, our data provide definite evidence that the activated βPDGFR is a key contributor to pulmonary vascular remodeling and PAH. Selective disruption of PDGF-dependent phophatidyl-inositol-3-kinase and PLCγ activity is sufficient to abolish these pathogenic responses in vivo, identifying these signaling events as valuable targets for antiremodeling strategies in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Ten Freyhaus
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Eva M Berghausen
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Wiebke Janssen
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Maike Leuchs
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Mario Zierden
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Kirsten Murmann
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Anna Klinke
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Marius Vantler
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Evren Caglayan
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Tilmann Kramer
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Stephan Baldus
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.)
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., T.K., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) (H.t.F., E.M.B., M.L., M.Z., A.K., M.V., E.C., S.B., S.R.), and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) (H.t.F., A.K., S.B., S.R.), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany (W.J., K.M., R.T.S.); and Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (M.D.T.).
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Song MC, Kim EC, Kim WJ, Kim TJ. Meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by suppressing phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Cidad P, Miguel-Velado E, Ruiz-McDavitt C, Alonso E, Jiménez-Pérez L, Asuaje A, Carmona Y, García-Arribas D, López J, Marroquín Y, Fernández M, Roqué M, Pérez-García MT, López-López JR. Kv1.3 channels modulate human vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation independently of mTOR signaling pathway. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1711-22. [PMID: 25208915 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic modulation (PM) of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is central to the process of intimal hyperplasia which constitutes a common pathological lesion in occlusive vascular diseases. Changes in the functional expression of Kv1.5 and Kv1.3 currents upon PM in mice VSMCs have been found to contribute to cell migration and proliferation. Using human VSMCs from vessels in which unwanted remodeling is a relevant clinical complication, we explored the contribution of the Kv1.5 to Kv1.3 switch to PM. Changes in the expression and the functional contribution of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels were studied in contractile and proliferating VSMCs obtained from human donors. Both a Kv1.5 to Kv1.3 switch upon PM and an anti-proliferative effect of Kv1.3 blockers on PDGF-induced proliferation were observed in all vascular beds studied. When investigating the signaling pathways modulated by the blockade of Kv1.3 channels, we found that anti-proliferative effects of Kv1.3 blockers on human coronary artery VSMCs were occluded by selective inhibition of MEK/ERK and PLCγ signaling pathways, but were unaffected upon blockade of PI3K/mTOR pathway. The temporal course of the anti-proliferative effects of Kv1.3 blockers indicates that they have a role in the late signaling events essential for the mitogenic response to growth factors. These findings establish the involvement of Kv1.3 channels in the PM of human VSMCs. Moreover, as current therapies to prevent restenosis rely on mTOR blockers, our results provide the basis for the development of novel, more specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y CSIC, Edificio IBGM, c/ Sanz y Forés s/n, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
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Scherner M, Reutter S, Klemm D, Sterner-Kock A, Guschlbauer M, Richter T, Langebartels G, Madershahian N, Wahlers T, Wippermann J. In vivo application of tissue-engineered blood vessels of bacterial cellulose as small arterial substitutes: proof of concept? J Surg Res 2014; 189:340-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases enhances cerebral collateral growth in rats. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:983-94. [PMID: 24858946 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Arteriogenesis involves the rapid proliferation of preexisting arterioles to fully functional arteries as a compensatory mechanism to overcome circulatory deficits. Stimulation of arteriogenesis has therefore been considered a treatment concept in arterial occlusive disease. Here, we investigated the impact of inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) on cerebral arteriogenesis in rats. Arteriogenesis was induced by occlusion of one carotid and both vertebral arteries (three-vessel occlusion (3-VO)). Collateral growth and functional vessel perfusion was assessed 3-35 days following 3-VO. Furthermore, animals underwent 3-VO surgery and were treated with the pan-PTP inhibitor BMOV, the SHP-1 inhibitor sodium stibogluconate (SSG), or the PTP1B inhibitor AS279. Cerebral vessel diameters and cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVRC) were determined, together with immunohistochemistry analyses and proximity ligation assays (PLA) for determination of tissue proliferation and phosphorylation patterns after 7 days. The most significant changes in vessel diameter increase were present in the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery (PCA), with proliferative markers (PCNA) being time-dependently increased. The CVRC was lost in the early phase after 3-VO and partially recovered after 21 days. PTP inhibition resulted in a significant increase in the ipsilateral PCA diameter in BMOV-treated animals and rats subjected to PTP1B inhibition. Furthermore, CVRC was significantly elevated in AS279-treated rats compared to control animals, along with hyperphosphorylation of the platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor in the vascular wall in vivo. In summary, our data indicate PTPs as hitherto unrecognized negative regulators in cerebral arteriogenesis. Further, PTP inhibition leading to enhanced collateral growth and blood perfusion suggests PTPs as novel targets in anti-ischemic treatment. KEY MESSAGES PTPs exhibit negative regulatory function in cerebral collateral growth in rats. Inhibition of pan-PTP/PTP1B increases vessel PDGF-β receptor phosphorylation. PTP1B inhibition enhances arteriogenesis and cerebrovascular reserve capacity.
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Strickland DK, Au DT, Cunfer P, Muratoglu SC. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1: role in the regulation of vascular integrity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:487-98. [PMID: 24504736 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor that is widely expressed. In the liver, LRP1 plays an important role in regulating the plasma levels of blood coagulation factor VIII (fVIII) by mediating its uptake and subsequent degradation. fVIII is a key plasma protein that is deficient in hemophilia A and circulates in complex with von Willebrand factor. Because von Willebrand factor blocks binding of fVIII to LRP1, questions remain on the molecular mechanisms by which LRP1 removes fVIII from the circulation. LRP1 also regulates cell surface levels of tissue factor, a component of the extrinsic blood coagulation pathway. This occurs when tissue factor pathway inhibitor bridges the fVII/tissue factor complex to LRP1, resulting in rapid LRP1-mediated internalization and downregulation of coagulant activity. In the vasculature LRP1 also plays protective role from the development of aneurysms. Mice in which the lrp1 gene is selectively deleted in vascular smooth muscle cells develop a phenotype similar to the progression of aneurysm formation in human patient, revealing that these mice are ideal for investigating molecular mechanisms associated with aneurysm formation. Studies suggest that LRP1 protects against elastin fiber fragmentation by reducing excess protease activity in the vessel wall. These proteases include high-temperature requirement factor A1, matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and membrane associated type 1-matrix metalloproteinase. In addition, LRP1 regulates matrix deposition, in part, by modulating levels of connective tissue growth factor. Defining pathways modulated by LRP1 that lead to aneurysm formation and defining its role in thrombosis may allow for more effective intervention in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudley K Strickland
- From the Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease (D.K.S., D.T.A., P.C., S.C.M.), Departments of Surgery (D.K.S.), and Physiology (S.C.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Kwon JS, Joung H, Kim YS, Shim YS, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Kee HJ. Sulforaphane inhibits restenosis by suppressing inflammation and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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ten Freyhaus H, Dumitrescu D, Berghausen E, Vantler M, Caglayan E, Rosenkranz S. Imatinib mesylate for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 21:119-34. [PMID: 22074410 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.632408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite recent advances, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a devastating disease which harbors a poor prognosis. Novel therapeutic approaches directly targeting pulmonary vascular remodeling are warranted. AREAS COVERED This review delineates the current limitations in the management of PAH and focuses on a novel, anti-proliferative therapeutic concept. It will help readers understand the mechanisms of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, with a special focus on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors and their role in the pathobiology of PAH. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive summary regarding the rationale, efficacy and safety of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate , which potently inhibits the PDGF receptor, as an additional treatment option in PAH. EXPERT OPINION PDGF is a potent mitogen for pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells and represents an important mediator of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Imatinib mesylate, a compound that inhibits the Bcr-Abl kinase and was developed for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, also targets PDGF receptors. Both experimental and clinical data indicate that it reverses the vascular remodeling process even when it is fully established. Results from Phase II and III clinical trials suggest potent and prolonged efficacy in patients with severe PAH (i.e., pulmonary vascular resistance > 800 dynes*s*cm(-5)). Future studies should evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy and safety of imatinib, including patients with less impaired hemodynamics. Based on the current knowledge, this compound is likely to become an additional treatment option for patients with PAH and has the potential to at least partially correct the pathology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik ten Freyhaus
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924 Köln, Germany
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