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Delisle BP, Prabhat A, Burgess DE, Ono M, Esser KA, Schroder EA. Circadian Regulation of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Electrophysiology. Circ Res 2024; 134:659-674. [PMID: 38484028 PMCID: PMC11177776 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior are ≈24-hour biological cycles regulated by internal biological clocks (ie, circadian clocks) that optimize organismal homeostasis in response to predictable environmental changes. These clocks are present in virtually all cells in the body, including cardiomyocytes. Many decades ago, clinicians and researchers became interested in studying daily patterns of triggers for sudden cardiac death, the incidence of sudden cardiac death, and cardiac arrhythmias. This review highlights historical and contemporary studies examining the role of day/night rhythms in the timing of cardiovascular events, delves into changes in the timing of these events over the last few decades, and discusses cardiovascular disease-specific differences in the timing of cardiovascular events. The current understanding of the environmental, behavioral, and circadian mechanisms that regulate cardiac electrophysiology is examined with a focus on the circadian regulation of cardiac ion channels and ion channel regulatory genes. Understanding the contribution of environmental, behavioral, and circadian rhythms on arrhythmia susceptibility and the incidence of sudden cardiac death will be essential in developing future chronotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Abhilash Prabhat
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Don E. Burgess
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Makoto Ono
- Division of Cardiology and Rehabilitation, Tamaki Hospital, Japan
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2
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Moore OM, Aguilar-Sanchez Y, Lahiri SK, Hulsurkar MM, Alberto Navarro-Garcia J, Word TA, Keefe JA, Barazi D, Munivez EM, Moore CT, Parthasarathy V, Davidson J, Lagor WR, Park SH, Bao G, Miyake CY, Wehrens XHT. Long-term efficacy and safety of cardiac genome editing for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:8. [PMID: 38464671 PMCID: PMC10919902 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Heterozygous autosomal-dominant single nucleotide variants in RYR2 account for 60% of cases of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), an inherited arrhythmia disorder associated with high mortality rates. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a promising therapeutic approach that can permanently cure the disease by removing the mutant RYR2 allele. However, the safety and long-term efficacy of this strategy have not been established in a relevant disease model. Aim The purpose of this study was to assess whether adeno-associated virus type-9 (AAV9)-mediated somatic genome editing could prevent ventricular arrhythmias by removal of the mutant allele in mice that are heterozygous for Ryr2 variant p.Arg176Gln (R176Q/+). Methods and Results Guide RNA and SaCas9 were delivered using AAV9 vectors injected subcutaneously in 10-day-old mice. At 6 weeks after injection, R176Q/+ mice had a 100% reduction in ventricular arrhythmias compared to controls. When aged to 12 months, injected R176Q/+ mice maintained a 100% reduction in arrhythmia induction. Deep RNA sequencing revealed the formation of insertions/deletions at the target site with minimal off-target editing on the wild-type allele. Consequently, CRISPR/SaCas9 editing resulted in a 45% reduction of total Ryr2 mRNA and a 38% reduction in RyR2 protein. Genome editing was well tolerated based on serial echocardiography, revealing unaltered cardiac function and structure up to 12 months after AAV9 injection. Conclusion Taken together, AAV9-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing could efficiently disrupt the mutant Ryr2 allele, preventing lethal arrhythmias while preserving normal cardiac function in the R176Q/+ mouse model of CPVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M. Moore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuriana Aguilar-Sanchez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Satadru K. Lahiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mohit M. Hulsurkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J. Alberto Navarro-Garcia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tarah A. Word
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua A. Keefe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dean Barazi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elda M. Munivez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles T. Moore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vaidya Parthasarathy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaysón Davidson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William R. Lagor
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christina Y. Miyake
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xander H. T. Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Castelletti S, Orini M, Vischer AS, McKenna WJ, Lambiase PD, Pantazis A, Crotti L. Circadian and Seasonal Pattern of Arrhythmic Events in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2872. [PMID: 36833593 PMCID: PMC9956986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiac disease associated with an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) with circadian and seasonal variation in ARVC. One hundred two ARVC patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) were enrolled in the study. Arrhythmic events included (a) any initial ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF) prompting ICD implantation, (b) any VT or non-sustained VT (NSVT) recorded by the ICD, and (c) appropriate ICD shocks/therapy. Differences in the annual incidence of events across seasons (winter, spring, summer, autumn) and period of the day (night, morning, afternoon, evening) were assessed both for all cardiac events and major arrhythmic events. In total, 67 events prior to implantation and 263 ICD events were recorded. These included 135 major (58 ICD therapies, 57 self-terminating VT, 20 sustained VT) and 148 minor (NSVT) events. A significant increase in the frequency of events was observed in the afternoon versus in the nights and mornings (p = 0.016). The lowest number of events was registered in the summer, with a peak in the winter (p < 0.001). Results were also confirmed when excluding NSVT. Arrhythmic events in ARVC follow a seasonal variation and a circadian rhythm. They are more prevalent in the late afternoon, the most active period of the day, and in the winter, supporting the role of physical activity and inflammation as triggers of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castelletti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiology, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Orini
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Annina S. Vischer
- Medical Outpatient Department, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - William J. McKenna
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University of A Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pier D. Lambiase
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Antonios Pantazis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Lia Crotti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiology, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
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4
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Asatryan B, Barth AS. Sex-related differences in incidence, phenotype and risk of sudden cardiac death in inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1010748. [PMID: 36684594 PMCID: PMC9845907 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1010748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes (IAS) including long QT and Brugada Syndrome, are characterized by life-threatening arrhythmias in the absence of apparent structural heart disease and are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding cardiac ion channels or associated proteins. Studies of large pedigrees of families affected by IAS have demonstrated incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Biological sex is one of several factors that have been recognized to modulate disease severity in IAS. There is a growing body of evidence linking sex hormones to the susceptibility to arrhythmias, yet, many sex-specific disease aspects remain underrecognized as female sex and women with IAS are underinvestigated and findings from male-predominant cohorts are often generalized to both sexes with minimal to no consideration of relevant sex-associated differences in prevalence, disease manifestations and outcome. In this review, we highlight current knowledge of sex-related biological differences in normal cardiac electrophysiology and sex-associated factors that influence IAS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babken Asatryan
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas S. Barth
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Andreas S. Barth ✉
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5
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Peltenburg PJ, Pultoo SNJ, Tobert KE, Bos JM, Lieve KVV, Tanck M, Clur SAB, Blom NA, Ackerman MJ, Wilde AAM, van der Werf C. Repeatability of ventricular arrhythmia characteristics on the exercise-stress test in RYR2-mediated catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Europace 2022; 25:619-626. [PMID: 36369981 PMCID: PMC9934990 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), the exercise-stress test (EST) is the cornerstone for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and assessment of therapeutic efficacy, but its repeatability is unknown. We aimed to test the repeatability of ventricular arrhythmia characteristics on the EST in patients with CPVT. METHODS AND RESULTS EST-pairs (ESTs performed within 18 months between 2005 and 2021, on the same protocol, and without or on the exact same treatment) of patients with RYR2-mediated CPVT from two specialized centres were included. The primary endpoint was the repeatability of the maximum ventricular arrhythmia score [VAS: 0 for the absence of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs); 1 for isolated PVCs; 2 for bigeminal PVCs; 3 for couplets; and 4 for non-sustained ventricular tachycardia]. Secondary outcomes were the repeatability of the heart rate at the first PVC and the ΔVAS (the absolute difference in VAS between the EST-pairs). A total of 104 patients with 349 EST-pairs were included. The median duration between ESTs was 343 (interquartile range, 189-378) days. Sixty (17.2%) EST-pairs were off therapy. The repeatability of the VAS was moderate {Krippendorf α, 0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.48-0.64]}, and the repeatability of the heart rate at the first PVC was substantial [intra-class correlation coefficient, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.71-0.84)]. The use of medication was associated with a higher odds for a ΔVAS > 1 (odds ratio = 3.52; 95% CI, 2.46-4.57; P = 0.020). CONCLUSION The repeatability of ventricular arrhythmia characteristics was moderate to substantial. This underlines the need for multiple ESTs in CPVT patients and CPVT suspicious patients and it provides the framework for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of novel CPVT therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puck J Peltenburg
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiolgy, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjeev N J Pultoo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiolgy, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn E Tobert
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J Martijn Bos
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krystien V V Lieve
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiolgy, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Tanck
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiolgy, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sally-Ann B Clur
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Nico A Blom
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 Leiden, ZA, The Netherlands
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6
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Schroder EA, Ono M, Johnson SR, Rozmus ER, Burgess DE, Esser KA, Delisle BP. The role of the cardiomyocyte circadian clocks in ion channel regulation and cardiac electrophysiology. J Physiol 2022; 600:2037-2048. [PMID: 35301719 PMCID: PMC9980729 DOI: 10.1113/jp282402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily variations in cardiac electrophysiology and the incidence for different types of arrhythmias reflect ≈24 h changes in the environment, behaviour and internal circadian rhythms. This article focuses on studies that use animal models to separate the impact that circadian rhythms, as well as changes in the environment and behaviour, have on 24 h rhythms in heart rate and ventricular repolarization. Circadian rhythms are initiated at the cellular level by circadian clocks, transcription-translation feedback loops that cycle with a periodicity of 24 h. Several studies now show that the circadian clock in cardiomyocytes regulates the expression of cardiac ion channels by multiple mechanisms; underlies time-of-day changes in sinoatrial node excitability/intrinsic heart rate; and limits the duration of the ventricular action potential waveform. However, the 24 h rhythms in heart rate and ventricular repolarization are primarily driven by autonomic signalling. A functional role for the cardiomyocyte circadian clock appears to buffer the heart against perturbations. For example, the cardiomyocyte circadian clock limits QT-interval prolongation (especially at slower heart rates), and it may facilitate the realignment of the 24 h rhythm in heart rate to abrupt changes in the light cycle. Additional studies show that modifying rhythmic behaviours (including feeding behaviour) can dramatically impact the 24 h rhythms in heart rate and ventricular repolarization. If these mechanisms are conserved, these studies suggest that targeting endogenous circadian mechanisms in the heart, as well as modifying the timing of certain rhythmic behaviours, could emerge as therapeutic strategies to support heart function against perturbations and regulate 24 h rhythms in cardiac electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Schroder
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone Street, L543, Lexington, KY 40536-0284
| | - Makoto Ono
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
| | - Sidney R. Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
| | - Ezekiel R. Rozmus
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
| | - Don E. Burgess
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian P. Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
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Mehra R, Tjurmina OA, Ajijola OA, Arora R, Bolser DC, Chapleau MW, Chen PS, Clancy CE, Delisle BP, Gold MR, Goldberger JJ, Goldstein DS, Habecker BA, Handoko ML, Harvey R, Hummel JP, Hund T, Meyer C, Redline S, Ripplinger CM, Simon MA, Somers VK, Stavrakis S, Taylor-Clark T, Undem BJ, Verrier RL, Zucker IH, Sopko G, Shivkumar K. Research Opportunities in Autonomic Neural Mechanisms of Cardiopulmonary Regulation: A Report From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institutes of Health Office of the Director Workshop. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:265-293. [PMID: 35411324 PMCID: PMC8993767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This virtual workshop was convened by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, in partnership with the Office of Strategic Coordination of the Office of the National Institutes of Health Director, and held September 2 to 3, 2020. The intent was to assemble a multidisciplinary group of experts in basic, translational, and clinical research in neuroscience and cardiopulmonary disorders to identify knowledge gaps, guide future research efforts, and foster multidisciplinary collaborations pertaining to autonomic neural mechanisms of cardiopulmonary regulation. The group critically evaluated the current state of knowledge of the roles that the autonomic nervous system plays in regulation of cardiopulmonary function in health and in pathophysiology of arrhythmias, heart failure, sleep and circadian dysfunction, and breathing disorders. Opportunities to leverage the Common Fund's SPARC (Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions) program were characterized as related to nonpharmacologic neuromodulation and device-based therapies. Common themes discussed include knowledge gaps, research priorities, and approaches to develop novel predictive markers of autonomic dysfunction. Approaches to precisely target neural pathophysiological mechanisms to herald new therapies for arrhythmias, heart failure, sleep and circadian rhythm physiology, and breathing disorders were also detailed.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme
- AD, autonomic dysregulation
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- ANS, autonomic nervous system
- Ach, acetylcholine
- CNS, central nervous system
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CSA, central sleep apnea
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- EV, extracellular vesicle
- GP, ganglionated plexi
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- HRV, heart rate variability
- LQT, long QT
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NE, norepinephrine
- NHLBI, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- NPY, neuropeptide Y
- NREM, non-rapid eye movement
- OSA, obstructive sleep apnea
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PV, pulmonary vein
- REM, rapid eye movement
- RV, right ventricular
- SCD, sudden cardiac death
- SDB, sleep disordered breathing
- SNA, sympathetic nerve activity
- SNSA, sympathetic nervous system activity
- TLD, targeted lung denervation
- asthma
- atrial fibrillation
- autonomic nervous system
- cardiopulmonary
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- circadian
- heart failure
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- sleep apnea
- ventricular arrhythmia
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Mehra
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Olga A. Tjurmina
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rishi Arora
- Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Mark W. Chapleau
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael R. Gold
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - David S. Goldstein
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth A. Habecker
- Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - M. Louis Handoko
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - James P. Hummel
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc A. Simon
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Stavros Stavrakis
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | - Richard L. Verrier
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - George Sopko
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Asatryan B, Yee L, Ben-Haim Y, Dobner S, Servatius H, Roten L, Tanner H, Crotti L, Skinner JR, Remme CA, Chevalier P, Medeiros-Domingo A, Behr ER, Reichlin T, Odening KE, Krahn AD. Sex-Related Differences in Cardiac Channelopathies: Implications for Clinical Practice. Circulation 2021; 143:739-752. [PMID: 33587657 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.048250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sex-related differences in prevalence, clinical presentation, and outcome of cardiac channelopathies are increasingly recognized, despite their autosomal transmission and hence equal genetic predisposition among sexes. In congenital long-QT syndrome, adult women carry a greater risk for Torsades de pointes and sudden cardiac death than do men. In contrast, Brugada syndrome is observed predominantly in adult men, with a considerably higher risk of arrhythmic sudden cardiac death in adult men than in women. In both conditions, the risk for arrhythmias varies with age. Sex-associated differences appear less evident in other cardiac channelopathies, likely a reflection of their rare(r) occurrence and our limited knowledge. In several cardiac channelopathies, sex-specific predictors of outcome have been identified. Together with genetic and environmental factors, sex hormones contribute to the sex-related disparities in cardiac channelopathies through modulation of the expression and function of cardiac ion channels. Despite these insights, essential knowledge gaps exist in the mechanistic understanding of these differences, warranting further investigation. Precise application of the available knowledge may improve the individualized care of patients with cardiac channelopathies. Promoting the reporting of sex-related phenotype and outcome parameters in clinical and experimental studies and advancing research on cardiac channelopathy animal models should translate into improved patient outcomes. This review provides a critical digest of the current evidence for sex-related differences in cardiac channelopathies and emphasizes their clinical implications and remaining gaps requiring further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babken Asatryan
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (B.A., S.D., H.S., L.R., H.T., T.R., K.E.O.)
| | - Lauren Yee
- Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (L.Y., A.D.K.)
| | - Yael Ben-Haim
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, United Kingdom (Y.B.-H., E.R.B.).,European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (Y.B.-H., L.C., P.C., E.R.B.)
| | - Stephan Dobner
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (B.A., S.D., H.S., L.R., H.T., T.R., K.E.O.)
| | - Helge Servatius
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (B.A., S.D., H.S., L.R., H.T., T.R., K.E.O.)
| | - Laurent Roten
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (B.A., S.D., H.S., L.R., H.T., T.R., K.E.O.)
| | - Hildegard Tanner
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (B.A., S.D., H.S., L.R., H.T., T.R., K.E.O.)
| | - Lia Crotti
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (Y.B.-H., L.C., P.C., E.R.B.).,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy (L.C.).,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (L.C.).,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy (L.C.)
| | - Jonathan R Skinner
- The Cardiac Inherited Disease Group, Auckland, New Zealand (J.R.S.).,Greenlane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (J.R.S.).,Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand (J.R.S.)
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.A.R.)
| | - Philippe Chevalier
- Department of Rhythmology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Louis Pradel Cardiovascular Hospital, France (P.C.).,Lyon Reference Center for Inherited Arrhythmias, Louis Pradel Cardiovascular Hospital, Bron, France (P.C.).,Université de Lyon, France (P.C.)
| | | | - Elijah R Behr
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, United Kingdom (Y.B.-H., E.R.B.).,European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (Y.B.-H., L.C., P.C., E.R.B.).,Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (E.R.B.)
| | - Tobias Reichlin
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (B.A., S.D., H.S., L.R., H.T., T.R., K.E.O.)
| | - Katja E Odening
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (B.A., S.D., H.S., L.R., H.T., T.R., K.E.O.)
| | - Andrew D Krahn
- Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (L.Y., A.D.K.)
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9
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Utility of Circadian Variability Patterns in Differentiating Origins of Premature Ventricular Complexes. J Interv Cardiol 2020; 2020:7417912. [PMID: 33177963 PMCID: PMC7647775 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7417912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) exhibit circadian fluctuation. We determine if PVCs of different origin exhibit specific circadian patterns. Methods We analyzed Holter recordings from patients with monomorphic PVCs who underwent catheter ablation. PVC circadian patterns were classified as fast-heart rate- (HR-) dependent (F-PVC), slow-HR-dependent (S-PVC), or HR-independent (I-PVC). PVC origins were determined intraprocedurally. Results In a retrospective cohort of 407 patients, F-PVC and S-PVC typically exhibited diurnal and nocturnal predominance, respectively. Despite decreased circadian fluctuation, I-PVC generally had heavier nocturnal than diurnal burden. PVCs of left anterior fascicle origin were predominantly S-PVC, while those of posterior hemibranch origin were mostly F-PVC. PVCs originating from the aortic sinus of Valsalva (ASV) were predominantly I-PVC, while most PVCs arising from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) were F-PVC. Using a diurnal/nocturnal PVC burden ratio of 0.92 as the cutoff value to distinguish LVOT from ASV origin achieved 97% sensitivity and, as further verification, an accuracy of 89% (16/18) in a prospective cohort of patients with PVCs originating from either ASV or LVOT. In contrast, PVCs originating from right ventricles, such as right ventricular outflow tract, did not show distinct circadian patterns. Conclusions The circadian patterns exhibit origin specificity for PVCs arising from left ventricles. An analysis of Holter monitoring provides useful information on PVC localization in ablation procedure planning.
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10
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Stępień-Wojno M, Ponińska J, Biernacka EK, Foss-Nieradko B, Chwyczko T, Syska P, Płoski R, Bilińska ZT. A Recurrent Exertional Syncope and Sudden Cardiac Arrest in a Young Athlete with Known Pathogenic p.Arg420Gln Variant in the RYR2 Gene. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10070435. [PMID: 32605058 PMCID: PMC7399804 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is one of causes of sudden cardiac death in the young, especially in athletes. Diagnosis of CPVT may be difficult since all cardiological examinations performed at rest are usually normal, and exercise stress test-induced ventricular tachycardia is not commonly present. The identification of a pathogenic mutation in RYR2 or CASQ2 is diagnostic in CPVT. We report on a 20-year-old athlete who survived two sudden cardiac arrests during swimming. Moreover, he suffered repeated syncopal spells on exercise. The diagnosis was made only following genetic testing using a multi-gene panel, and the p.Arg420Gln RYR2 variant was identified. We present diagnostic and therapeutic issues in this young athlete with CPVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Stępień-Wojno
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.-W.); (B.F.-N.)
| | - Joanna Ponińska
- Department of Medical Biology, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta K. Biernacka
- Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bogna Foss-Nieradko
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.-W.); (B.F.-N.)
| | - Tomasz Chwyczko
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Rehabilitation, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Syska
- 2nd Department of Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zofia T. Bilińska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.-W.); (B.F.-N.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Kohli U, Nayak HM. SIDS associated RYR2 p.Arg2267His variant may lack pathogenicity. J Electrocardiol 2020; 60:23-26. [PMID: 32220801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age that remains unexplained after death scene and medicolegal investigation, including a complete autopsy and clinical history review. The fatal event typically occurs during sleep and heart rhythm during the event is rarely documented. Large series which have utilized molecular autopsy show that long QT syndrome (LQTS) associated cardiac channel mutations contribute to between 5 and 10% of SIDS deaths. In addition, rare novel RYR2 variants have been identified in SIDS victims. Given the lack of a phenotype, the pathogenicity of these variants is inferred from in vitro studies. We report a family with 5 members (mother and 4 children) who are carriers of a rare RYR2 variant (c.6800G > A, p.Arg2267His [Exon: 45], heterozygous) which has previously been identified in a SIDS victim and shown to confer a gain-of-function CPVT phenotype in vitro. All of these 5 family members including the mother (age range 7 to 41 years) have had negative exercise stress tests, echocardiograms and Holter monitors. These findings suggest that caution should be exercised in inferring pathogenicity of rare RYR2 variants based on in vitro functional data which does not always translate to human phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Kohli
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital and Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Hemal M Nayak
- Center for Arrhythmia Care, Heart & Vascular Center, Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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12
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Black N, D'Souza A, Wang Y, Piggins H, Dobrzynski H, Morris G, Boyett MR. Circadian rhythm of cardiac electrophysiology, arrhythmogenesis, and the underlying mechanisms. Heart Rhythm 2018; 16:298-307. [PMID: 30170229 PMCID: PMC6520649 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a leading cause of cardiovascular death. It has long been accepted that life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death) are more likely to occur in the morning after waking. It is perhaps less well recognized that there is a circadian rhythm in cardiac pacemaking and other electrophysiological properties of the heart. In addition, there is a circadian rhythm in other arrhythmias, for example, bradyarrhythmias and supraventricular arrhythmias. Two mechanisms may underlie this finding: (1) a central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus may directly affect the electrophysiology of the heart and arrhythmogenesis via various neurohumoral factors, particularly the autonomic nervous system; or (2) a local circadian clock in the heart itself (albeit under the control of the central clock) may drive a circadian rhythm in the expression of ion channels in the heart, which in turn varies arrhythmic substrate. This review summarizes the current understanding of the circadian rhythm in cardiac electrophysiology, arrhythmogenesis, and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Black
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia D'Souza
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Piggins
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gwilym Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Boyett
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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