1
|
Conway AE, Golden DBK, Brough HA, Santos AF, Shaker MS. Serologic measurements for peanut allergy: Predicting clinical severity is complex. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:686-693. [PMID: 38272114 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Allergist-immunologists use serologic peanut allergy testing to maximize test sensitivity and specificity while minimizing cost and inconvenience. Recent advances toward this goal include a better understanding of specific IgE (sIgE) and component testing, epitope-sIgE assays, and basophil activation testing. Predicting reaction severity with serologic testing is challenged by a range of co-factors that influence reaction severity, such as the amount and form of any allergen consumed and comorbid disease. In 2020, the Allergy Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters recommended Ara h 2-sIgE as the most cost-effective diagnostic test for peanut allergy because of its superior performance, when compared with skin prick testing and serum IgE. Basophil activation testing, a functional test of allergic response not evaluated in the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters guideline, is a promising option for both allergy diagnosis and prognosis. Similarly, epitope-sIgE testing may improve prediction of reaction thresholds, but further validation is needed. Despite advances in food allergy testing, many of these tools remain limited by cost, accessibility, and feasibility. In addition, there is a need for further research on how atopic dermatitis may be modifying serologic food allergy severity assessments. Given these limitations, allergy test selection requires a shared decision-making approach so that a patient's values and preferences regarding financial impact, inconvenience, and psychological effects are considered in the context of clinician expertise on the timing and use of optimized testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David B K Golden
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Helen A Brough
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Courses Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service and Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Courses Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service and Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus S Shaker
- Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire; Section of Allergy and Immunology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Waritani T, Lomax S, Cutler D, Chang J. Development and evaluation of mouse anti-Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 IgE monoclonal antibodies for advancing peanut allergy research. MethodsX 2023; 11:102470. [PMID: 38034322 PMCID: PMC10681920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to peanuts are a considerable public health concern due to the acute and severe IgE mediated reactions. To conduct research on the pathogenesis and therapeutics of peanut allergies, it is imperative to have mouse anti-crude peanut extract (CPE) IgE monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for both in-vitro and in-vivo assays. Without these tools, it is difficult to advance research in this field. In this study, four hybridomas producing anti-CPE IgE mAbs were developed and the IgE mAbs were validated using immune-blot analysis, Sandwich ELISA, Indirect ELISA, a cell-based assay using RBL-2H3 cells, and footpad type I hypersensitivity reaction studies in mice. The results indicate that two of the four mAbs can be effectively used for both in-vitro and in-vivo peanut allergy studies, as they induce allergic reactions with sensitization alone in mice. These novel anti-Ara h1 and Ara h 3 IgE mAbs, in combination with the detailed protocols outlined in this article, offer valuable guidance for studying acute allergic reactions involving mast cells across various platforms. With some considerations, the IgE mAbs can significantly advance peanut allergy research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Waritani
- Chondrex, Inc., 16928 Woodinville-Redmond Rd NE STE B101, Woodinville, WA 98072, USA
| | - Sidney Lomax
- Chondrex, Inc., 16928 Woodinville-Redmond Rd NE STE B101, Woodinville, WA 98072, USA
| | - Dawn Cutler
- Chondrex, Inc., 16928 Woodinville-Redmond Rd NE STE B101, Woodinville, WA 98072, USA
| | - Jessica Chang
- Chondrex, Inc., 16928 Woodinville-Redmond Rd NE STE B101, Woodinville, WA 98072, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kwok M, Evans E, Hemmings O, Marknell DeWitt Å, O'Rourke C, Bahnson HT, Lack G, Santos AF. Ara h 2 Peptide Mix Improves the Diagnosis of Peanut Allergy and Is Relevant for Ara h 2-Induced Mast Cell Activation. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:3485-3492.e2. [PMID: 37495080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A precise diagnosis of peanut allergy is extremely important. We identified 4 Ara h 2 peptides that improved Ara h 2-specific IgE (sIgE) diagnostic accuracy. OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic utility of sIgE to the mixture of these peptides and their role in mast cell response to peanut allergens. METHODS sIgE to the peptide mix was determined using ImmunoCAP. Its diagnostic utility was compared with Ara h 2-sIgE and sIgE to the individual peptides. The functional relevance of the peptides was tested on the mast cell activation test using laboratory of allergic diseases 2 cell line and flow cytometry. RESULTS A total of 52 peanut-allergic (PA), 36 peanut-sensitized but tolerant, and 9 nonsensitized nonallergic children were studied. Peptide mix-sIgE improved the diagnostic performance of Ara h 2-sIgE compared with Ara h 2-sIgE alone (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve .92 vs .89, respectively; P = .056). The sensitivity and specificity of Ara h 2-sIgE combined with the peptide mix were 85% and 96%, respectively. sIgE to individual peptides had the highest specificity (91%-96%) but the lowest sensitivity (10%-52%) compared with Ara h 2-sIgE (69% specificity and 87% sensitivity) or with peptide mix-sIgE (82% specificity and 63% sensitivity). Peptide 3 directly induced mast cell activation, and the peptide mix inhibited Ara h 2-induced activation of mast cells sensitized with plasma from Ara h 2-positive PA patients. CONCLUSIONS sIgE to the peptide mix improved the diagnostic performance of Ara h 2-sIgE similarly to sIgE to individual peptides. The peptides interfered with Ara h 2-induced mast cell activation, confirming its relevance in peanut allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kwok
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oliver Hemmings
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Henry T Bahnson
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Immune Tolerance Network, Seattle, Wash
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee ASE, Suprun M, Sampson H. Epitope-Based IgE Assays and Their Role in Providing Diagnosis and Prognosis of Food Allergy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2983-2988. [PMID: 37394177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
With advances in molecular and computational science, epitope-specific IgE antibody profiling has been developed and recently brought into clinical practice. Epitope-based testing detects IgE antibodies that directly bind to antigenic sites of an allergen, providing increased resolution specificity and fewer false-positive results for diagnosing food allergy. Epitope-binding profiles may also serve as prognostic markers of food allergy and help predict quantities of allergen that would provoke a reaction (ie, eliciting dose, possible severity of a reaction after allergen ingestion, and outcomes of treatment options such as oral immunotherapy [OIT]). Future studies are under way to discover additional applications of epitope-specific antibodies for multiple food allergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Sang Eun Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Maria Suprun
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pa
| | - Hugh Sampson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anagnostou A, Lieberman J, Greenhawt M, Mack DP, Santos AF, Venter C, Stukus D, Turner PJ, Brough HA. The future of food allergy: Challenging existing paradigms of clinical practice. Allergy 2023; 78:1847-1865. [PMID: 37129472 DOI: 10.1111/all.15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of food allergy has seen tremendous change over the past 5-10 years with seminal studies redefining our approach to prevention and management and novel testing modalities in the horizon. Early introduction of allergenic foods is now recommended, challenging the previous paradigm of restrictive avoidance. The management of food allergy has shifted from a passive avoidance approach to active interventions that aim to provide protection from accidental exposures, decrease allergic reaction severity and improve the quality of life of food-allergic patients and their families. Additionally, novel diagnostic tools are making their way into clinical practice with the goal to reduce the need for food challenges and assist physicians in the-often complex-diagnostic process. With all the new developments and available choices for diagnosis, prevention and therapy, shared decision-making has become a key part of medical consultation, enabling patients to make the right choice for them, based on their values and preferences. Communication with patients has also become more complex over time, as patients are seeking advice online and through social media, but the information found online may be outdated, incorrect, or lacking in context. The role of the allergist has evolved to embrace all the above exciting developments and provide patients with the optimal care that fits their needs. In this review, we discuss recent developments as well as the evolution of the field of food allergy in the next decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Allergy, Immunology & Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay Lieberman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, LeBonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Food Challenge and Research Unit, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Douglas Paul Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Courses Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service and Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David Stukus
- Section of Allergy, Immunology & Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul J Turner
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen A Brough
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Courses Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service and Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Che H, Li C, Jin T. Food Allergens of Plant Origin. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112232. [PMID: 37297475 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents an update on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of food allergens in plant sources, focusing on the few protein families that contribute to multiple food allergens from different species and protein families recently found to contain food allergens. The structures and structural components of the food allergens in the allergen families may provide further directions for discovering new food allergens. Answers as to what makes some food proteins allergens are still elusive. Factors to be considered in mitigating food allergens include the abundance of the protein in a food, the property of short stretches of the sequence of the protein that may constitute linear IgE binding epitopes, the structural properties of the protein, its stability to heat and digestion, the food matrix the protein is in, and the antimicrobial activity to the microbial flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, recent data suggest that widely used techniques for mapping linear IgE binding epitopes need to be improved by incorporating positive controls, and methodologies for mapping conformational IgE binding epitopes need to be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Huilian Che
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Caiming Li
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Geng Q, Zhang Y, Song M, Zhou X, Tang Y, Wu Z, Chen H. Allergenicity of peanut allergens and its dependence on the structure. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1058-1081. [PMID: 36624611 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are a global food safety problem. Peanut allergies are common due, in part, to their popular utilization in the food industry. Peanut allergy is typically an immunoglobulin E-mediated reaction, and peanuts contain 17 allergens belonging to different families in peanut. In this review, we first introduce the mechanisms and management of peanut allergy, followed by the basic structures of associated allergens. Subsequently, we summarize methods of epitope localization for peanut allergens. These methods can be instrumental in speeding up the discovery of allergenicity-dependent structures. Many attempts have been made to decrease the allergenicity of peanuts. The structures of hypoallergens, which are manufactured during processing, were analyzed to strengthen the desensitization process and allergen immunotherapy. The identification of conformational epitopes is the bottleneck in both peanut and food allergies. Further, the identification and modification of such epitopes will lead to improved strategies for managing and preventing peanut allergy. Combining traditional wet chemistry research with structure simulation studies will help in the epitopes' localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martínez-Botas J, Fernández-Lozano C, Vaquero-Rey A, de la Hoz B. IgE and IgG4 Epitope Mapping of Food Allergens with a Peptide Microarray Immunoassay. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2578:219-236. [PMID: 36152291 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2732-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Peptide microarrays are a powerful tool to identify linear epitopes of food allergens in a high-throughput manner. The main advantages of the microarray-based immunoassay are as follows: the possibility to assay thousands of targets simultaneously, the requirement of a low volume of serum, the more robust statistical analysis, and the possibility to test simultaneously several immunoglobulin subclasses. Among them, the last one has a special interest in the field of food allergy, because the development of tolerance to food allergens has been associated with a decrease in IgE and an increase in IgG4 levels against linear epitopes. However, the main limitation to the clinical use of microarray is the automated analysis of the data. Recent studies mapping the linear epitopes of food allergens with peptide microarray immunoassays have identified peptide biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis of food allergies and to predict their severity or the self-development of tolerance. Using this approach, we have worked on epitope mapping of the two most important food allergens in the Spanish population, cow's milk, and chicken eggs. The final aim of these studies is to define subsets of peptides that could be used as biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of food allergies. This chapter describes the protocol to produce microarrays using a library of overlapping peptides corresponding to the primary sequences of food allergens and data acquisition and analysis of IgE and IgG4 binding epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Botas
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - Unidad de Microarray IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) - Instituto de la Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Fernández-Lozano
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - Unidad de Microarray IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Vaquero-Rey
- Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - Unidad de Microarray IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de la Hoz
- Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - Unidad de Microarray IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Alergia ARADyAL (RD16/0006/0009) - Instituto de la Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sztuk TKS, Rigby NM, Nørskov-Nielsen L, Koppelman SJ, Sancho AI, Knudsen NPH, Marsh J, Johnson P, Gupta S, Mackie AR, Larsen JM, Bøgh KL. Dose and route of administration determine the efficacy of prophylactic immunotherapy for peanut allergy in a Brown Norway rat model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121497. [PMID: 36911669 PMCID: PMC9996042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) is emerging as a viable option for treatment of peanut allergy. Yet, prophylactic IT remains unexplored despite early introduction of peanut in infancy was shown to prevent allergy. There is a need to understand how allergens interact with the immune system depending on the route of administration, and how different dosages of allergen may protect from sensitisation and a clinical active allergy. Here we compared peanut allergen delivery via the oral, sublingual (SL), intragastric (IG) and subcutaneous (SC) routes for the prevention of peanut allergy in Brown Norway (BN) rats. Methods BN rats were administered PBS or three different doses of peanut protein extract (PPE) via either oral IT (OIT), SLIT, IGIT or SCIT followed by intraperitoneal (IP) injections of PPE to assess the protection from peanut sensitisation. The development of IgE and IgG1 responses to PPE and the major peanut allergens were evaluated by ELISAs. The clinical response to PPE was assessed by an ear swelling test (EST) and proliferation was assessed by stimulating splenocytes with PPE. Results Low and medium dose OIT (1 and 10 mg) and all doses of SCIT (1, 10, 100 µg) induced sensitisation to PPE, whereas high dose OIT (100 mg), SLIT (10, 100 or 1000 µg) or IGIT (1, 10 and 100 mg) did not. High dose OIT and SLIT as well as high and medium dose IGIT prevented sensitisation from the following IP injections of PPE and suppressed PPE-specific IgE levels in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, administration of peanut protein via different routes confers different risks for sensitisation and protection from peanut allergy development. Overall, the IgE levels toward the individual major peanut allergens followed the PPE-specific IgE levels. Discussion Collectively, this study showed that the preventive effect of allergen-specific IT is determined by the interplay between the specific site of PPE delivery for presentation to the immune system, and the allergen quantity, and that targeting and modulating tolerance mechanisms at specific mucosal sites may be a prophylactic strategy for prevention of peanut allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Marcus Rigby
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stef J Koppelman
- Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Ana Isabel Sancho
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Justin Marsh
- Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Philip Johnson
- Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | | | - Alan Robert Mackie
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jeppe Madura Larsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Bhardwaj SR, Vilches A, Breksa A, Lyu SC, Chinthrajah S, Nadeau KC, Jin T. IgE binding epitope mapping with TL1A tagged peptides. Mol Immunol 2023; 153:194-199. [PMID: 36527758 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Linear IgE epitopes play essential roles in persistent allergies, including peanut and tree nut allergies. Using chemically synthesized peptides attached to membranes and microarray experiments is one approach for determining predominant epitopes that has seen success. However, the overall expense of this approach and the inherent challenges in scaling up the production and purification of synthetic peptides precludes the general application of this approach. To overcome this problem, we have constructed a plasmid vector for expressing peptides sandwiched between an N-terminal His-tag and a trimeric protein. The vector was used to make overlapping peptides derived from peanut allergens Ara h 2. All the peptides were successfully expressed and purified. The resulting peptides were applied to identify IgE binding epitopes of Ara h 2 using four sera samples from individuals with known peanut allergies. New and previously defined dominant IgE binding epitopes of Ara h 2 were identified. This system may be readily applied to produce agents for component- and epitope-resolved food allergy diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Shilpa R Bhardwaj
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Ana Vilches
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Andrew Breksa
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Shu-Chen Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon Chinthrajah
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li L, Zhang B, Li Y, Huang L, Li S, Liu D, Yu Y, Li H. The Heterogeneity of Ovomucoid-Specific IgE Idiotype Is Associated With Egg Allergy Symptom Severity. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 15:109-118. [PMID: 36693362 PMCID: PMC9880306 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.1.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated egg allergy presents as one of the most common food allergies. The level of specific IgE (sIgE) antibody is widely used as an important in vitro diagnostic indicator. However, sIgE antibody levels are often inconsistent with the clinical manifestations of patients. The heterogeneity of egg-specific IgE idiotypes (sIgE-IDs) may help reflect clinical egg allergy severity. Eight peptides were synthesized, corresponding to the linear epitopes of ovomucoid (OVM). The sIgE-IDs of egg-allergic patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fresh peripheral blood was collected from patients with different heterogeneity strength of sIgE-ID, and egg extract was used as a stimulus to the basophil activation test (BAT). RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized with serum with different strength of sIgE-ID heterogeneity and the release rate of β-hexosaminidase was calculated. Among 75 patients with egg allergy, 24% had sIgE for all epitopes and 85% had sIgE for at least one epitope. Analysis of individual patients revealed differences in epitope recognition patterns among the patients, that is, heterogeneity in sIgE-ID. More importantly, the number of IgE-positive peptides had a strong correlation with allergic symptoms in egg-allergic patients (r = 0.706). BAT and RBL-2H3 cell degranulation confirmed that higher sIgE-ID heterogeneity strength was more effective in inducing effector cell responses. Our results suggest that the greater the heterogeneity strength of OVM-sIgE-ID, the more severe the allergic symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuxu Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lunhui Huang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoshen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiqiang Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huan F, Gao S, Han TJ, Liu M, Li MS, Yang Y, Chen YY, Lai D, Cao MJ, Liu GM. Identification of the Immunoglobulin E Epitope of Arginine Kinase, an Important Allergen from Crassostrea angulata. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13419-13430. [PMID: 36205062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) was identified as an allergen in Crassostrea angulata. However, little information is available about its epitopes. In this study, AK from C. angulata was registered to the World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies allergen nomenclature committee to be named as Cra a 2. The immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin E-binding capacity of Cra a 2 was significantly reduced after chemical denaturation treatment. Further, eight linear mimotopes and five conformational mimotopes of Cra a 2 were obtained using phage panning. In addition to six linear epitopes that have been identified, two linear epitopes were verified by a synthetic peptide, of which L-Cra a 2-2 was conserved in shellfish. Four conformational epitopes were verified by site-directed mutation, among which mutation of C-Cra a 2-1 affected the structure and reduced the immunoreactivity of Cra a 2 most significantly. Overall, the identified epitopes may lay a foundation for the development of hypoallergenic oyster products through food processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huan
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Gao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Jiao Han
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Si Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yu Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Lai
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Suprun M, Kearney P, Hayward C, Butler H, Getts R, Sicherer SH, Turner PJ, Campbell DE, Sampson HA. Predicting probability of tolerating discrete amounts of peanut protein in allergic children using epitope-specific IgE antibody profiling. Allergy 2022; 77:3061-3069. [PMID: 35960650 DOI: 10.1111/all.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-epitope profiling can accurately diagnose clinical peanut allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether sequential (linear) epitope-specific IgE (ses-IgE) profiling can provide probabilities of tolerating discrete doses of peanut protein in allergic subjects undergoing double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges utilizing PRACTALL dosing. METHODS Sixty four ses-IgE antibodies were quantified in blood samples using a bead-based epitope assay. A pair of ses-IgEs that predicts Cumulative Tolerated Dose (CTD) was determined using regression in 75 subjects from the discovery cohort. This epitope-based predictor was validated on 331 subjects from five independent cohorts (ages 4-25 years). Subjects were grouped based on their predicted values and probabilities of reactions at each CTD threshold were calculated. RESULTS In discovery, an algorithm using two ses-IgE antibodies was correlated with CTDs (rho = 0.61, p < .05); this correlation was 0.51 (p < .05) in validation. Using the ses-IgE-based predictor, subjects were assigned into "high," "moderate," or "low" dose-reactivity groups. On average, subjects in the "high" group were four times more likely to tolerate a specific dose, compared with the "low" group. For example, predicted probabilities of tolerating 4, 14, 44, and 144 or 444 mg in the "low" group were 92%, 77%, 53%, 29%, and 10% compared with 98%, 95%, 94%, 88%, and 73% in the "high" group. CONCLUSIONS Accurate predictions of food challenge thresholds are complex due to factors including limited responder sample sizes at each dose and variations in study-specific challenge protocols. Despite these limitations, an epitope-based predictor was able to accurately identify CTDs and may provide a useful surrogate for peanut challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suprun
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott H Sicherer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul J Turner
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, England, UK
| | | | - Hugh A Sampson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Turner PJ, Arasi S, Ballmer‐Weber B, Baseggio Conrado A, Deschildre A, Gerdts J, Halken S, Muraro A, Patel N, Van Ree R, de Silva D, Worm M, Zuberbier T, Roberts G. Risk factors for severe reactions in food allergy: Rapid evidence review with meta-analysis. Allergy 2022; 77:2634-2652. [PMID: 35441718 PMCID: PMC9544052 DOI: 10.1111/all.15318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This rapid review summarizes the most up to date evidence about the risk factors for severe food-induced allergic reactions. We searched three bibliographic databases for studies published between January 2010 and August 2021. We included 88 studies and synthesized the evidence narratively, undertaking meta-analysis where appropriate. Significant uncertainties remain with respect to the prediction of severe reactions, both anaphylaxis and/or severe anaphylaxis refractory to treatment. Prior anaphylaxis, an asthma diagnosis, IgE sensitization or basophil activation tests are not good predictors. Some molecular allergology markers may be helpful. Hospital presentations for anaphylaxis are highest in young children, yet this age group appears at lower risk of severe outcomes. Risk of severe outcomes is greatest in adolescence and young adulthood, but the contribution of risk taking behaviour in contributing to severe outcomes is unclear. Evidence for an impact of cofactors on severity is lacking, although food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis may be an exception. Some medications such as beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors may increase severity, but appear less important than age as a factor in life-threatening reactions. The relationship between dose of exposure and severity is unclear. Delays in symptom recognition and anaphylaxis treatment have been associated with more severe outcomes. An absence of prior anaphylaxis does not exclude its future risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Turner
- National Heart & Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities AreaDivision of AllergyBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Barbara Ballmer‐Weber
- Clinic for Dermatology and AllergologyKantonsspital St. GallenSt. GallenSwitzerland,Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Antoine Deschildre
- CHU Lille, Univ. LillePediatric Pulmonology and Allergy DepartmentHôpital Jeanne de FlandreLilleFrance
| | | | - Susanne Halken
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s HospitalOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | | | - Nandinee Patel
- National Heart & Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ronald Van Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of OtorhinolaryngologyAmsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and ImmunologyDepartment of Dermatology, Venerology and AllergyCharité, Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Division of Allergy and ImmunologyDepartment of Dermatology, Venerology and AllergyCharité, Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Graham Roberts
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK,The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research CentreSt Mary's HospitalIsle of WightUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Datema MR, Lyons SA, Fernández-Rivas M, Ballmer-Weber B, Knulst AC, Asero R, Barreales L, Belohlavkova S, de Blay F, Clausen M, Dubakiene R, Fernández-Perez C, Fritsche P, Gislason D, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz M, Jongejan L, Kowalski ML, Kralimarkova TZ, Lidholm J, Papadopoulos NG, Popov TA, Del Prado N, Purohit A, Reig I, Seneviratne SL, Sinaniotis A, Vassilopoulou E, Versteeg SA, Vieths S, Welsing PMJ, Mills ENC, Le TM, Zwinderman AH, van Ree R. Estimating the Risk of Severe Peanut Allergy Using Clinical Background and IgE Sensitization Profiles. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 2:670789. [PMID: 35386994 PMCID: PMC8974676 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.670789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is not well-understood why symptom severity varies between patients with peanut allergy (PA). Objective: To gain insight into the clinical profile of subjects with mild-to-moderate and severe PA, and investigate individual and collective predictive accuracy of clinical background and IgE to peanut extract and components for PA severity. Methods: Data on demographics, patient history and sensitization at extract and component level of 393 patients with probable PA (symptoms ≤ 2 h + IgE sensitization) from 12 EuroPrevall centers were analyzed. Univariable and penalized multivariable regression analyses were used to evaluate risk factors and biomarkers for severity. Results: Female sex, age at onset of PA, symptoms elicited by skin contact with peanut, family atopy, atopic dermatitis, house dust mite and latex allergy were independently associated with severe PA; birch pollen allergy with mild-to-moderate PA. The cross-validated AUC of all clinical background determinants combined (0.74) was significantly larger than the AUC of tests for sensitization to extract (0.63) or peanut components (0.54-0.64). Although larger skin prick test wheal size, and higher IgE to peanut extract, Ara h 1 and Ara h 2/6, were associated with severe PA, and higher IgE to Ara h 8 with mild-to-moderate PA, addition of these measurements of sensitization to the clinical background model did not significantly improve the AUC. Conclusions: Models combining clinical characteristics and IgE sensitization patterns can help establish the risk of severe reactions for peanut allergic patients, but clinical background determinants are most valuable for predicting severity of probable PA in an individual patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareen R Datema
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah A Lyons
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Fernández-Rivas
- Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Ballmer-Weber
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - André C Knulst
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - Laura Barreales
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simona Belohlavkova
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Frédéric de Blay
- Allergy Division, Chest Disease Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Clausen
- Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Cristina Fernández-Perez
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philipp Fritsche
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Laurian Jongejan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marek L Kowalski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Todor A Popov
- Clinic of Occupational Diseases, University Hospital Sv. Ivan Rilski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nayade Del Prado
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ashok Purohit
- Allergy Division, Chest Disease Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabel Reig
- Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Suranjith L Seneviratne
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Serge A Versteeg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Paco M J Welsing
- Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E N Clare Mills
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thuy-My Le
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen G, Shrock EL, Li MZ, Spergel JM, Nadeau KC, Pongracic JA, Umetsu DT, Rachid R, MacGinnitie AJ, Phipatanakul W, Schneider L, Oettgen HC, Elledge SJ. High-resolution epitope mapping by AllerScan reveals relationships between IgE and IgG repertoires during peanut oral immunotherapy. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100410. [PMID: 34755130 PMCID: PMC8563412 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy can result in life-threatening reactions and is a major public health concern. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) induces desensitization to food allergens through administration of increasing amounts of allergen. To dissect peanut-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG responses in subjects undergoing OIT, we have developed AllerScan, a method that leverages phage-display and next-generation sequencing to identify the epitope targets of peanut-specific antibodies. We observe a striking diversification and boosting of the peanut-specific IgG repertoire after OIT and a reduction in pre-existing IgE levels against individual epitopes. High-resolution epitope mapping reveals shared recognition of public epitopes in Ara h 1, 2, 3, and 7. In individual subjects, OIT-induced IgG specificities overlap extensively with IgE and exhibit strikingly similar antibody footprints, suggesting related clonal lineages or convergent evolution of peanut-specific IgE and IgG B cells. Individual differences in epitope recognition identified via AllerScan could inform safer and more effective personalized immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genghao Chen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellen L Shrock
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Medicine, Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Pongracic
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dale T Umetsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rima Rachid
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew J MacGinnitie
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynda Schneider
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bringing the Next Generation of Food Allergy Diagnostics into the Clinic. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 10:1-9. [PMID: 34530176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy diagnosis has a massive impact on the lives of patients and their families. Despite recent developments with specific IgE to component allergens, a significant proportion of patients assessed for possible food allergy require oral food challenge to ensure an accurate diagnosis. More precise diagnostic methods are required to reduce the need for oral food challenges. Bead-based epitope assays and cellular tests, such as basophil activation and mast cell tests are the most novel and promising tests on the horizon. There is a pathway to pursue to enable their incorporation in clinical practice, including standardization, technical validation, clinical validation, external validation, overcoming practical and logistical issues, and regulatory approval. Valuable clinical application of these tests goes beyond diagnosis and includes risk assessment to identify allergic patients who are most sensitive and at risk for severe allergic reactions, and to define prognosis and assess clinical response to immunomodulatory treatments.
Collapse
|
18
|
Suarez-Farinas M, Suprun M, Bahnson HT, Raghunathan R, Getts R, duToit G, Lack G, Sampson HA. Evolution of epitope-specific IgE and IgG 4 antibodies in children enrolled in the LEAP trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:835-842. [PMID: 33592205 PMCID: PMC8480440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the LEAP (Learning Early About Peanut Allergy) trial, early consumption of peanut in high-risk infants was found to decrease the rate of peanut allergy at 5 years of age. Sequential epitope-specific (ses-)IgE is a promising biomarker of clinical peanut reactivity. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the evolution of ses-IgE and ses-IgG4 in children who developed (or not) peanut allergy and to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of early peanut consumption on these antibodies. METHODS Sera from 341 children (LEAP cohort) were assayed at baseline, 1, 2.5, and 5 years of age, with allergy status determined by oral food challenge at 5 years. A bead-based epitope assay was used to quantitate ses-IgE and ses-IgG4 to 64 sequential epitopes from Ara h 1 to Ara h 3 and was analyzed using linear mixed-effect models. RESULTS In children avoiding peanut who became peanut allergic, the bulk of peanut ses-IgE did not develop until after 2.5 years. Minimal increases of ses-IgE occurred after 1 year in consumers, but not to the same epitopes as those in children developing peanut allergy. No major changes in ses-IgE were seen in nonallergic or sensitized children. IgE in sensitized consumers was detected against peanut proteins. ses-IgG4 increased over time in most children regardless of consumption or allergy status. CONCLUSIONS Early peanut consumption in infants at high risk of developing peanut allergy appears to divert the immunologic response to a presumably "protective" effect. In general, consumers tend to generate ses-IgG4 earlier and in greater quantities than nonconsumers do, whereas only avoiders tend to generate significant quantities of ses-IgE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Suarez-Farinas
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Maria Suprun
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Henry T Bahnson
- Benaroya Research Institute and the Immune Tolerance Network, Seattle, Wash
| | - Rohit Raghunathan
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - George duToit
- Department of Pediatrics, St Thomas Hospital and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Pediatrics, St Thomas Hospital and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Epitope Mapping of Allergenic Lipid Transfer Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34115355 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1562-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is becoming a great problem in industrialized countries. Thus, there is the need for a robust understanding of all aspects characterizing IgE response to allergens. The epitope mapping of B-cell epitopes has the potential to become a fundamental tool for food allergy diagnosis and prognosis and to lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis. Using this approach, we have worked on epitope mapping of the most important plant food allergens identified in the Mediterranean area. The final aim of this study is to define the immune response regarding B epitopes and its clinical relevance in LTP allergy. This chapter describes the protocol to produce microarrays using a library of overlapping peptides corresponding to the primary sequences of allergenic lipid transfer proteins.
Collapse
|
20
|
Agyemang A, Suprun M, Suárez‐Fariñas M, Boina F, Arif‐Lusson R, Grishin A, Busnel J, Sampson HA. A novel approach to the basophil activation test for characterizing peanut allergic patients in the clinical setting. Allergy 2021; 76:2257-2259. [PMID: 33506502 DOI: 10.1111/all.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Agyemang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Maria Suprun
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | | | - Faouria Boina
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences Research Marseille France
| | | | | | | | - Hugh A. Sampson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Da Broi U, Moreschi C, Marega G, Tse R, Garland J, Ondruschka B, Palmiere C. Medicolegal Implications of Biphasic Anaphylaxis. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2021; 42:109-117. [PMID: 33031125 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Biphasic anaphylaxis is an uncommon IgE-mediated condition whose pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, and predictive signs are not properly understood. Fortunately, the lethality of biphasic anaphylaxis, although probably underestimated, is low. Preventive clinical measures for biphasic anaphylaxis are neither standardized nor commonly applied. Furthermore, there are no laboratory protocols or anaphylactic markers to help identify the onset of biphasic anaphylaxis in clinical settings. The aim of this review is to highlight the medicolegal difficulties facing coroners and forensic pathologists in terms of the diagnosis and assessment of harm for victims and survivors of biphasic anaphylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Da Broi
- From the Department of Medicine, Forensic Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Moreschi
- From the Department of Medicine, Forensic Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Marega
- From the Department of Medicine, Forensic Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Jack Garland
- Forensic and Analytical Science Service, NSW Health Pathology, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristian Palmiere
- CURML, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hemmings O, Niazi U, Kwok M, James LK, Lack G, Santos AF. Peanut diversity and specific activity are the dominant IgE characteristics for effector cell activation in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:495-505.e14. [PMID: 33675817 PMCID: PMC8340728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background IgE mediates allergic reactions to peanut; however, peanut-specific IgE (sIgE) levels do not always equate to clinical peanut allergy. Qualitative differences between sIgE of peanut-sensitized but tolerant (PS) and peanut-allergic (PA) individuals may be important. Objective We sought to assess the influence of IgE characteristics on effector cell activation in peanut allergy. Methods A cohort of 100 children was studied. The levels of IgE to peanut and peanut components were measured. Specific activity (SA) was estimated as the ratio of allergen-sIgE to total IgE. Avidity was measured by ImmunoCAP with sodium thiocyanate. IgE diversity was calculated on the basis of ImmunoCAP-Immuno Solid-phase Allergen Chip assays for 112 allergens or for 6 peanut allergens. Whole-blood basophils and mast cell line Laboratory of Allergic Diseases 2 sensitized with patients’ plasma were stimulated with peanut or controls and assessed by flow cytometry. Results SA to peanut (P < .001), Ara h 1 (P = .004), Ara h 2 (P < .001), Ara h 3 (P = .02), and Ara h 6 (P < .001) and the avidity of peanut-sIgE (P < .001) were higher in PA than in PS individuals. Diversity for peanut allergens was greater in PA individuals (P < .001). All IgE characteristics were correlated with basophil and mast cell activation. Peanut SA (R = 0.447) and peanut diversity (R = 0.440) had the highest standardized β-coefficients in combined multivariable regression models (0.447 and 0.440, respectively). Conclusions IgE specificity, SA, avidity, and peanut diversity were greater in PA than in PS individuals. IgE peanut SA and peanut diversity had the greatest influence on effector cell activation and could be used clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hemmings
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Umar Niazi
- Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Translational Bioinformatics Platform, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Kwok
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa K James
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Czolk R, Klueber J, Sørensen M, Wilmes P, Codreanu-Morel F, Skov PS, Hilger C, Bindslev-Jensen C, Ollert M, Kuehn A. IgE-Mediated Peanut Allergy: Current and Novel Predictive Biomarkers for Clinical Phenotypes Using Multi-Omics Approaches. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594350. [PMID: 33584660 PMCID: PMC7876438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is a collective term for several immune-mediated responses to food. IgE-mediated food allergy is the best-known subtype. The patients present with a marked diversity of clinical profiles including symptomatic manifestations, threshold reactivity and reaction kinetics. In-vitro predictors of these clinical phenotypes are evasive and considered as knowledge gaps in food allergy diagnosis and risk management. Peanut allergy is a relevant disease model where pioneer discoveries were made in diagnosis, immunotherapy and prevention. This review provides an overview on the immune basis for phenotype variations in peanut-allergic individuals, in the light of future patient stratification along emerging omic-areas. Beyond specific IgE-signatures and basophil reactivity profiles with established correlation to clinical outcome, allergenomics, mass spectrometric resolution of peripheral allergen tracing, might be a fundamental approach to understand disease pathophysiology underlying biomarker discovery. Deep immune phenotyping is thought to reveal differential cell responses but also, gene expression and gene methylation profiles (eg, peanut severity genes) are promising areas for biomarker research. Finally, the study of microbiome-host interactions with a focus on the immune system modulation might hold the key to understand tissue-specific responses and symptoms. The immune mechanism underlying acute food-allergic events remains elusive until today. Deciphering this immunological response shall enable to identify novel biomarker for stratification of patients into reaction endotypes. The availability of powerful multi-omics technologies, together with integrated data analysis, network-based approaches and unbiased machine learning holds out the prospect of providing clinically useful biomarkers or biomarker signatures being predictive for reaction phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Czolk
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Julia Klueber
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Sørensen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Pediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Françoise Codreanu-Morel
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg-Kanner Klinik, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Per Stahl Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- RefLab ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Immunology, National University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christiane Hilger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carsten Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martínez-Botas J, Fernández-Lozano C, Rodríguez-Alonso A, Sánchez-Ruano L, de la Hoz B. Epitope Mapping of Food Allergens Using Noncontact Piezoelectric Microarray Printer. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2344:119-135. [PMID: 34115356 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1562-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Peptide microarrays have been used to study protein-protein interaction, enzyme-substrate profiling, epitope mapping, vaccine development, and immuno-profiling. Unlike proteins, peptides are cheap to produce, and can be produced in a high-throughput manner, in a reliable and consistent procedure that reduces batch-to-batch variability. All this provides the peptide microarrays a great potential in the development of new diagnostic tools. Noncontact printing, such as piezoelectric systems, results in a considerable advance in protein and peptide microarray production. In particular, they improve drop deposition, sample distribution, quality control, and flexibility in substrate deposition and eliminate cross-contamination and carryover. These features contribute to creating reproducible assays and generating more reliable data. Here we describe the methods and materials for epitope mapping of food allergens using peptide microarrays produced with a noncontact piezoelectric microarray printer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Botas
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Fernández-Lozano
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Alonso
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Ruano
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de la Hoz
- Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Suprun M, Sicherer SH, Wood RA, Jones SM, Leung DYM, Henning AK, Dawson P, Burks AW, Lindblad R, Getts R, Suárez-Fariñas M, Sampson HA. Early epitope-specific IgE antibodies are predictive of childhood peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1080-1088. [PMID: 32795587 PMCID: PMC8095129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is characterized by the development of IgE against peanut antigen. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the evolution of epitope-specific (es)IgE and esIgG4 in a prospective cohort of high-risk infants to determine whether antibody profiles can predict peanut allergy after age 4 years. METHODS The end point was allergy status at age 4+ years; samples from 293 children were collected at age 3 to 15 months and 2 to 3 and 4+ years. Levels of specific (s)IgE and sIgG4 to peanut and component proteins, and 50 esIgE and esIgG4 were quantified. Changes were analyzed with mixed-effects models. Machine learning algorithms were developed to identify a combination of antigen- and epitope-specific antibodies that using 3- to 15-month or 2- to 3-year samples can predict allergy status at age 4+ years. RESULTS At age 4+ years, 38% of children were Tolerant or 14% had Possible, 8% Convincing, 24% Serologic, and 16% Confirmed allergy. At age 3 to 15 months, esIgE profiles were similar among groups, whereas marked increases were evident at age 2 and 4+ years only in Confirmed and Serologic groups. In contrast, peanut sIgE level was significantly lower in the Tolerant group at age 3 to 15 months, increased in Confirmed and Serologic groups but decreased in Convincing and Possibly Allergic groups over time. An algorithm combining esIgEs with peanut sIgE outperformed different clinically relevant IgE cutoffs, predicting allergy status on an "unseen" set of patients with area under the curves of 0.84 at age 3 to 15 months and 0.87 at age 2 to 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Early epitope-specific plus peanut-specific IgE is predictive of allergy status at age 4+ years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suprun
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Robert A Wood
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Stacie M Jones
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Ark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kaur N, Mehr S, Katelaris C, Wainstein B, Altavilla B, Saad R, Valerio C, Codarini M, Burton P, Perram F, Baumgart K, Barnes EH, Campbell DE. Added Diagnostic Value of Peanut Component Testing: A Cross-Sectional Study in Australian Children. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 9:245-253.e4. [PMID: 32942048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut components are widely used in clinical practice; however, their utility to predict challenge outcome in the Australian children, outside of infants, is not well studied. OBJECTIVE Can peanut component testing predict outcome of challenge in peanut-allergic children. METHODS All children attending peanut challenges, regardless of previous allergic reactions to peanut or sensitization (skin prick test or peanut IgE) alone, were recruited. Serum collected before the challenge was analyzed for peanut IgE and Ara h 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9 (ImmunoCap). RESULTS Of the 222 children recruited, 89 (40%) were allergic on oral food challenge. Ara h 2 and 6 performed similarly to peanut IgE and skin prick test in predicting challenge outcome (area under the curve, 0.84-0.87). No baseline clinical characteristics, including past history, predicted challenge outcome. By logistic regression, degree of polysensitization to Ara h 1, 2, or 3 increased the odds of allergic reaction at oral food challenge at 0.35 and 1.0 kUA/L cutoff levels (P < .001 for both). All 11 children sensitized (>0.35 kUA/L) to Ara h 1, 2, and 3 reacted to peanut challenge. Degree of polysensitization at more than 1.0 kUA/L was associated with a lower cumulative eliciting dose (P = .016) and with severity of allergic reaction on challenge (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, sensitization to the combination of Ara h 1, 2, and 3 was highly predictive of peanut allergy. Overall, only Ara h 2 as individual component most correlated with severity of reaction at challenge and adrenaline use. Ara h 8 and 9 were not useful in predicting challenge outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narinder Kaur
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, SCHN, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Child Health Program, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sam Mehr
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, SCHN, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Constance Katelaris
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brynn Wainstein
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Betina Altavilla
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Saad
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolina Valerio
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, SCHN, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miriam Codarini
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pamela Burton
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Perram
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karl Baumgart
- Immunology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Barnes
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dianne E Campbell
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, SCHN, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pomés A, Mueller GA, Chruszcz M. Structural Aspects of the Allergen-Antibody Interaction. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2067. [PMID: 32983155 PMCID: PMC7492603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of allergic disease involves the production of IgE antibodies upon allergen exposure in a process called sensitization. IgE binds to receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, and subsequent allergen exposure leads to cross-linking of IgE antibodies and release of cell mediators that cause allergy symptoms. Although this process is quite well-understood, very little is known about the epitopes on the allergen recognized by IgE, despite the importance of the allergen-antibody interaction for the allergic response to occur. This review discusses efforts to analyze allergen-antibody interactions, from the original epitope mapping studies using linear peptides or recombinant allergen fragments, to more sophisticated technologies, such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance. These state-of-the-art approaches, combined with site-directed mutagenesis, have led to the identification of conformational IgE epitopes. The first structures of an allergen (egg lysozyme) in complex with Fab fragments from IgG antibodies were determined in the 1980s. Since then, IgG has been used as surrogate for IgE, due to the difficulty of obtaining monoclonal IgE antibodies. Technical developments including phage display libraries have contributed to progress in epitope mapping thanks to the isolation of IgE antibody constructs from combinatorial libraries made from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic donors. Most recently, single B cell antibody sequencing and human hybridomas are new breakthrough technologies for finally obtaining human IgE monoclonal antibodies, ideal for epitope mapping. The information on antigenic determinants will facilitate the design of hypoallergens for immunotherapy and the investigation of the fundamental mechanisms of the IgE response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pomés
- Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Geoffrey A Mueller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Santos AF, Barbosa‐Morais NL, Hurlburt BK, Ramaswamy S, Hemmings O, Kwok M, O’Rourke C, Bahnson HT, Cheng H, James L, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ, Maleki SJ, Lack G. IgE to epitopes of Ara h 2 enhance the diagnostic accuracy of Ara h 2-specific IgE. Allergy 2020; 75:2309-2318. [PMID: 32248566 DOI: 10.1111/all.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the discrepancy between IgE sensitization and allergic reactions to peanut could facilitate diagnosis and lead to novel means of treating peanut allergy. OBJECTIVE To identify differences in IgE and IgG4 binding to peanut peptides between peanut-allergic (PA) and peanut-sensitized but tolerant (PS) children. METHODS PA (n = 56), PS (n = 42) and nonsensitized nonallergic (NA, n = 10) patients were studied. Synthetic overlapping 15-mer peptides of peanut allergens (Ara h 1-11) were spotted onto microarray slides, and patients' samples were tested for IgE and IgG4 binding using immunofluorescence. IgE and IgG4 levels to selected peptides were quantified using ImmunoCAP. Diagnostic model comparisons were performed using likelihood-ratio tests between each specified nominal logistic regression models. RESULTS Seven peptides on Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 were bound more by IgE of PA compared to PS patients on the microarray. IgE binding to one peptide on Ara h 5 and IgG4 binding to one Ara h 9 peptide were greater in PS than in PA patients. Using ImmunoCAP, IgE to the Ara h 2 peptides enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of Ara h 2-specific IgE. Ratios of IgG4/IgE to 4 out of the 7 peptides were higher in PS than in PA subjects. CONCLUSIONS Ara h 2 peptide-specific IgE added diagnostic value to Ara h 2-specific IgE. Ability of peptide-specific IgG4 to surmount their IgE counterpart seems to be important in established peanut tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F. Santos
- Department of Women and Children’s Health (Paediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Children’s Allergy ServiceEvelina London Children's Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital London UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Nuno L. Barbosa‐Morais
- Faculdade de Medicina Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Barry K. Hurlburt
- US Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Sneha Ramaswamy
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics King’s College London London UK
| | - Oliver Hemmings
- Department of Women and Children’s Health (Paediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Matthew Kwok
- Department of Women and Children’s Health (Paediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | | | | | - Hsiaopo Cheng
- US Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Louisa James
- Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Hannah J. Gould
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics King’s College London London UK
| | - Brian J. Sutton
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics King’s College London London UK
| | - Soheila J. Maleki
- US Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children’s Health (Paediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Children’s Allergy ServiceEvelina London Children's Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital London UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hemmings O, Du Toit G, Radulovic S, Lack G, Santos AF. Ara h 2 is the dominant peanut allergen despite similarities with Ara h 6. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:621-630.e5. [PMID: 32298698 PMCID: PMC7482438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachis hypogaea 2 (Ara h 2)-specific IgE is to date the best serologic marker to diagnose peanut allergy. Ara h 6 shares approximately 60% sequence identity and multiple epitopes with Ara h 2. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the diagnostic utility and relative importance of Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 in peanut allergy. METHODS A cohort 100 of children was studied. The cohort included chidren who had peanut allergy, children who were sensitized to but tolerant of peanut, and children who were neither sensitized nor allergic to peanut. Levels of specific IgE to peanut and individual allergens were quantified by using ImmunoCAP. ImmunoCAP inhibition experiments and mast cell activation tests in response to both Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 were performed. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 14 and Prism version 7 software. RESULTS Ara h 2-specific IgE and Ara h 6-specific IgE showed the greatest diagnostic accuracy for peanut allergy when compared with specific IgE to peanut and other peanut allergens. Most patients with peanut allergy were sensitized to both Ara h 2 and Ara h 6. Ara h 2 reduced Ara h 2-specific IgE binding more than Ara h 6 did (P < .001), whereas Ara h 6-specific IgE binding was inhibited to a similar degree by Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 (P = .432). In the mast cell activation test, Ara h 2 induced significantly greater maximal reactivity (P = .001) and a lower half maximal effective concentration (P = .002) than did Ara h 6 when testing cosensitized individuals. CONCLUSIONS Ara h 2-specific IgE and Ara h 6-specific IgE provide the greatest accuracy to diagnose peanut allergy. Ara h 2 is the dominant conglutin in peanut allergy in the United Kingdom, despite a degree of cross-reactivity with Ara h 6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hemmings
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Du Toit
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzana Radulovic
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Patil SU, Bunyavanich S, Cecilia Berin M. Emerging Food Allergy Biomarkers. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:2516-2524. [PMID: 32888527 PMCID: PMC7479640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The management of food allergy is complicated by the lack of highly predictive biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of disease course. The measurement of food-specific IgE is a useful tool together with clinical history but is an imprecise predictor of clinical reactivity. The gold standard for diagnosis and clinical research is a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge. Improvement in our understanding of immune mechanisms of disease, development of high-throughput technologies, and advances in bioinformatics have yielded a number of promising new biomarkers of food allergy. In this review, we will discuss advances in immunoglobulin measurements, the utility of the basophil activation test, T-cell profiling, and the use of -omic technologies (transcriptome, epigenome, microbiome, and metabolome) as biomarker tools in food allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita U. Patil
- Food Allergy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Center for Immunological and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Department of Pediatrics; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - M. Cecilia Berin
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Buyuktiryaki B, Santos AF. Food allergy severity predictions based on cellular in vitro tests. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:679-692. [PMID: 32536279 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1782192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food allergy is increasing in prevalence and the severity of allergic reactions is unpredictable. Identifying food-allergic patients at high risk of severe reactions would allow us to offer a personalized and improved management for these patients. AREAS COVERED We review the evidence for using the levels of specific IgE, the nature of the allergen, and cellular tests to identify patients at high risk of developing severe allergic reactions to foods. EXPERT OPINION The evidence about whether the quantity of allergen-specific IgE reflects the severity of allergic reactions to foods is conflicting, with some positive and some negative studies. For some foods, specific IgE to individual components (e.g. Ara h 2 in peanut) can provide additional information. However, more important than the quantity of IgE is possibly the quality of IgE, which can be captured by individual measurements of affinity/avidity, diversity, and specific activity, but is best measured overall using the basophil and mast cell activation tests, which assess the function of IgE in its ability to induce cell activation, degranulation, and mediator release. Biomarkers look at a single aspect of the allergic response and should be interpreted in the broader clinical context for each individual patient assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Buyuktiryaki
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Koc University Hospital , İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Paediatric Allergy, Evelina London, Guy's and ST Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London, UK
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, Evelina London, Guy's and ST Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London, UK.,Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London , London, UK.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma , London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London, UK.,Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital , London, UK.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma , London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Krogulska A, Wood RA. Peanut allergy diagnosis: Moving from basic to more elegant testing. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:346-357. [PMID: 31945225 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Peanut allergy (PNA) is an IgE-mediated immune disorder, which merits particular attention due to its impact on the health and quality of life of millions of patients worldwide. PNA tends to develop in early life and resolves in only 20% of peanut-allergic children. It accounts for the majority of severe food-related allergic reactions. An accurate diagnosis of PNA is vital. In this review, we present the approach to the diagnosis of peanut allergy, starting from the history and proceeding to measures of overall sensitization and then to component-resolved diagnostics and oral food challenges as indicated. Additional testing in development includes basophil activation testing and determination of epitopes for peanut-allergic responses. Based on the literature, stepwise approaches and predictive models for diagnosing PNA are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Krogulska
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert A Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim B, Shin J, Bilgicer B. How could nanoallergen technology be used as a diagnostic tool for allergies? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1063-1066. [PMID: 32326821 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baksun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jaeho Shin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Basar Bilgicer
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.,Advanced Diagnostics & Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li J, Li Z, Kong D, Li S, Yu Y, Li H. IgE and IgG4 responses to shrimp allergen tropomyosin and its epitopes in patients from coastal areas of northern China. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:371-379. [PMID: 32319635 PMCID: PMC7248481 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization to allergens and their peptides varies among patients due to geographical or ethnic differences. The present study aimed to investigate immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG4 responses to tropomyosin and its peptides in shrimp allergic patients from northern China. A total of 92 subjects were studied, including 35 shrimp allergic patients, 29 patients with house dust mite (HDM) and/or cockroach allergic patients and 28 healthy volunteers. Serum IgE and IgG4 antibodies to recombinant shrimp tropomyosin (rPen a 1) and its peptides were measured by means of a light-initiated chemiluminescent assay. A total of 9 major sequential epitopes of Pen a 1 reported in the literature were synthesized. Of 35 shrimp allergic patients, 25 (71.4%) had positive Pen 1-specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies and 22 (62.9%) contained measurable rPen a 1-specific IgG4 (sIgG4) antibodies. A strong IgG4 response accompanied the presence of IgE to Pen a 1. None of the patients with HDM and/or cockroach allergy demonstrated IgE reactivity to rPen a 1. The reaction frequency of IgE binding epitope was 20–48%, while that of IgG4 binding epitope was 63.6–3.9%. The IgE and IgG4 recognition patterns of the tropomyosin peptides demonstrated high interpatient heterogeneity. Diversity of IgE binding epitopes was positively correlated with Pen a 1 sIgE levels. In the study population, tropomyosin was a major allergen recognized by the majority of shrimp allergic patients, which is consistent with previous reports. However, none of the 9 epitopes are major (reaction frequency >50%) IgE-binding regions, indicating the epitopes profile may be different in other regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpu Li
- The Clinical Laboratory of Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Port Hospital, Tianjin 300456, P.R. China
| | - Shaoshen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Huiqiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sackesen C, Erman B, Gimenez G, Grishina G, Yilmaz O, Yavuz ST, Sahiner UM, Buyuktiryaki B, Yilmaz EA, Cavkaytar O, Sampson HA. IgE and IgG4 binding to lentil epitopes in children with red and green lentil allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:158-166. [PMID: 31598994 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of lentil is common in the Mediterranean area and is one of the causes of IgE-mediated food allergy in many countries. Len c 1 is a well-defined allergen of lentil and approximately 80% of the patients with lentil allergy recognize the purified Len c 1 protein. We sought to identify IgE and IgG4 sequential epitopes of Len c 1 in patients with red and/or green lentil allergy. We also aimed to determine IgE and IgG4 binding differences between those patients who had outgrown or remained reactive to lentil. METHODS Children with IgE-mediated lentil allergy were included in the study. We applied a microarray immunoassay to determine the characterization of positive IgE and IgG4 binding to Len c 1 epitopes in the patients' sera. RESULTS The peptides specifically recognized by IgE and IgG4 antibodies were mainly detected between peptides 107 and 135 of Len c 1. The signal intensities of positive epitopes were significantly greater in reactive patients than tolerant ones (P = .008 for IgE and P = .002 for IgG4). Moreover, IgE and IgG4 antibodies bound largely the same sequential epitopes in patients who remained reactive or outgrew their allergy. CONCLUSION IgG4-binding epitopes in lentil allergy were identified and IgE and IgG4 binding to epitopes in both red and green lentils was compared. Our data regarding signal intensity differences between reactive and outgrown patients and overlap binding of IgE and IgG4 antibodies may be important for the development of more accurate diagnostic tests and understanding of natural tolerance development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cansin Sackesen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baran Erman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gustavo Gimenez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Galina Grishina
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ozlem Yilmaz
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman T Yavuz
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umit M Sahiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betul Buyuktiryaki
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru A Yilmaz
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Cavkaytar
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sánchez-Ruano L, de la Hoz B, Martínez-Botas J. Clinical utility of microarray B-cell epitope mapping in food allergies: A systematic review. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:175-185. [PMID: 31655013 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptide microarray technology has been proposed as a useful tool for diagnosing food allergy. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the clinical methods and analytical procedures used to assess its diagnostic and prognostic performance. We performed a systematic review of studies that have used B-cell epitopes by peptide microarray in food allergies to identify the clinical utility of this immunologic technique. METHODS Studies were screened in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase according to an established keyword algorithm. Data extraction was performed, and information was collected in an Excel database. Descriptive analysis was carried out using Stata software. RESULTS Thirty relevant studies were identified. Most articles were cross-sectional (n = 24), included epitope mapping (n = 9), and assessed diagnostic utility (n = 11). All studies recruited allergic patients, and some included additional patients (sensitized, persistent, and tolerant). The primary microarray variables studied were IgE intensity (n = 29), IgG4 intensity (n = 15), and number of peptides (n = 17). Statistical approaches differed significantly between studies, with the Wilcoxon test being the most frequently used (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS Sensitization to particular epitopes of milk, peanut, and shrimp allergens can be used to determine clinical reactivity, persistence, severity, or response to oral immunotherapy; however, important methodological questions need to be addressed before drawing definitive conclusions. More research is needed to address the accuracy and clinical benefits of microarray-based technology. Standards are required to improve consistency and reproducibility, and to allow for better understanding of research findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Ruano
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de la Hoz
- Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL Network RD16/0006/0009, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Botas
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Muraro A, Mendoza Hernandez DA. Managing food allergy and anaphylaxis: A new model for an integrated approach. Allergol Int 2020; 69:19-27. [PMID: 31759890 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing public concern on food allergy and related anaphylactic reactions that occur mainly at the community level. The perception of the disease is huge among parents who believe that 1 out of 20 children suffers from severe food allergy. The discrepancy between this self-reported prevalence and the real one when a food challenge is performed, points out the gap in the implementation of guidelines for clinical practice. Health professionals as well show scarce adherence to the guidelines both at the Emergency Departments and at the primary care level. Anaphylactic reaction are not recognized, adrenaline is under-used and self-injectable devices are not prescribed. Although education and training are limited to local, spontaneous initiatives from patient's organization and few allergists, the data so far available demonstrate that improvement in knowledge and attitudes can be achieved further to a structured program. There is the need to establish good evidence -based practices for educational intervention that should be adopted in the context of public health policies for food allergy. This would imply a change in legislation in many countries to prevent prosecution for liability of lay people administering adrenaline when properly trained. In parallel an integrated clinical care pathway should be developed by multidisciplinary and multi-professional teams in the context of national Centres of Excellence -CoE. These CoE could drive the progression to digital health create, creating networks of CoE for best practices of care and for clinical trials.
Collapse
|
40
|
Novel Bead-Based Epitope Assay is a sensitive and reliable tool for profiling epitope-specific antibody repertoire in food allergy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18425. [PMID: 31804555 PMCID: PMC6895130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of allergenic IgE epitopes is instrumental for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic methods in food allergy. In this work, we present the quantification and validation of a Bead-Based Epitope Assay (BBEA) that through multiplexing of epitopes and multiple sample processing enables completion of large experiments in a short period of time, using minimal quantities of patients’ blood. Peptides that are uniquely coupled to beads are incubated with serum or plasma samples, and after a secondary fluorophore-labeled antibody is added, the level of fluorescence is quantified with a Luminex reader. The signal is then normalized and converted to epitope-specific antibody binding values. We show that the effect of technical artifacts, i.e. well position or reading order, is minimal; and batch effects - different individual microplate runs - can be easily estimated and eliminated from the data. Epitope-specific antibody binding quantified with BBEA is highly reliable, reproducible and has greater sensitivity of epitope detection compared to peptide microarrays. IgE directed at allergenic epitopes is a sensitive biomarker of food allergy and can be used to predict allergy severity and phenotypes; and quantification of the relationship between epitope-specific IgE and IgG4 can further improve our understanding of the immune mechanisms behind allergic sensitization.
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Ehlers AM, Klinge M, Suer W, Weimann Y, Knulst AC, Besa F, Le TM, Otten HG. Ara h 7 isoforms share many linear epitopes: Are 3D epitopes crucial to elucidate divergent abilities? Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1512-1519. [PMID: 31520442 PMCID: PMC6900131 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The peanut allergens Ara h 2, h 6, and h 7 are potent allergens and can trigger severe reactions. Ara h 7 consists of three isoforms differing in their ability to induce basophil degranulation, whereas the ability of Ara h 7.0201 is comparable to Ara h 2 and 6 as shown in previous literature. Objective To identify linear epitopes of Ara h 7.0101, Ara h 7.0201 and Ara h 7.0301 recognized by IgE and IgG4 from patients sensitized to Ara h 7 and to investigate their potential to elucidate divergent abilities of the Ara h 7 isoforms in inducing basophil activation. Methods Linear epitopes recognized by IgE and IgG4 were mapped by peptide microarray analysis containing 15‐mer peptides of Ara h 2.0201, 6, 7.0101, 7.0201 and 7.0301 and 39 peanut allergic patients sensitized to Ara h 7 (discovery). For validation, 20‐mer peptides containing the minimal epitope and surrounding amino acids were incubated with 25 sensitized patients and 10 controls (validation). Results Three out of 14 linear epitopes were unique for each isoform (Ara h 7.0101: aa 97‐109; Ara h 7.0201: aa 122‐133; Ara h 7.0301: aa 65‐74) but scarcely recognized by IgE. The main linear IgE epitope (aa 51‐57) located in the long flexible loop of all Ara h 7 isoforms was bound by antibodies from 31% of the patients (discovery and validation cohort). Regarding IgG4, 55% of the patients recognized an epitope present on all isoforms (aa 55‐65), whereas epitope aa 129‐137, only present on Ara h 7.0101/0.0301, was recognized by 38% of the patients. Recognition was highly individual, although 20% of the patients recognized any linear epitope neither by IgE nor by IgG4 despite a low mean z‐score of ≥ 1.7. Remarkably, only 50% of the patients recognized one or more epitopes by IgE. Conclusion & Clinical Relevance Ara h 7 isoforms share many linear epitopes being easily accessible for antibody binding. Unique epitopes, essential to elucidate divergent potencies, were scarcely recognized, suggesting a crucial involvement of conformational epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Ehlers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - André C Knulst
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thuy-My Le
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henny G Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ponce M, Schroeder F, Bannert C, Schmidthaler K, Hansen CS, Lindholm Bøgh K, Soldo R, Tsui SK, Weinhäusel A, Szépfalusi Z, Eiwegger T. Preventive sublingual immunotherapy with House Dust Mite extract modulates epitope diversity in pre-school children. Allergy 2019; 74:780-787. [PMID: 30394551 DOI: 10.1111/all.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preventive effect of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on allergy and asthma development is currently assessed using primary and secondary AIT approaches. Knowledge of the immunological effects of these interventions is limited and the impact on epitope diversity remains to be defined. METHODS We used high-density peptide arrays that included all known Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) allergens and the whole proteome of Der f to study changes in House Dust Mite (HDM) linear peptide recognition during a 2-year preventive double-blind placebo-controlled sublingual HDM AIT pilot study in 2-5-year-old children with sensitization to HDM but without symptoms. RESULTS Preventive AIT-treated patients showed significantly higher IgG epitope diversity to HDM allergens compared to placebo-treated individuals at 24 months of treatment (P < 0.05), while no increase in IgE diversity was seen. At 24 months of treatment, IgG4 diversity for HDM allergens was significantly higher in the pAIT-treated patients compared to placebo group (P < 0.05). Potentially beneficial changes in epitope recognition throughout the treatment are also seen in peptides derived from Der f proteome. CONCLUSION These data suggest a beneficial immunomodulation of preventive sublingual immunotherapy at a molecular level by favoring a broader blocking repertoire and inhibiting epitope spreading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ponce
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Fabian Schroeder
- Competence Unit for Molecular Diagnostics AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology Vienna Austria
| | - Christina Bannert
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Klara Schmidthaler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | | | - Regina Soldo
- Competence Unit for Molecular Diagnostics AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology Vienna Austria
| | - Stephen Kwok‐Wing Tsui
- Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Competence Unit for Molecular Diagnostics AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology Vienna Austria
| | - Zsolt Szépfalusi
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Program in Translational Medicine The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Immunology The University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Koplin JJ, Perrett KP, Sampson HA. Diagnosing Peanut Allergy with Fewer Oral Food Challenges. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:375-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
45
|
Zambrano Ibarra G, Fuentes Aparicio V, Infante Herrero S, Blanca M, Zapatero Remon L. Peanut Allergy in Spanish Children: Comparative Profile of Peanut Allergy versus Tolerance. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 178:370-376. [DOI: 10.1159/000495579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
46
|
Plundrich NJ, Cook BT, Maleki SJ, Fourches D, Lila MA. Binding of peanut allergen Ara h 2 with Vaccinium fruit polyphenols. Food Chem 2019; 284:287-295. [PMID: 30744860 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The potential for 42 different polyphenols found in Vaccinium fruits to bind to peanut allergen Ara h 2 and inhibit IgE binding epitopes was investigated using cheminformatics techniques. Out of 12 predicted binders, delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, procyanidin C1, and chlorogenic acid were further evaluated in vitro. Circular dichroism, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and immunoblotting determined their capacity to (i) bind to Ara h 2, (ii) induce protein secondary structural changes, and (iii) inhibit IgE binding epitopes. UV-Vis spectroscopy clearly indicated that procyanidin C1 and chlorogenic acid interacted with Ara h 2, and circular dichroism results suggested that interactions with these polyphenols resulted in changes to Ara h 2 secondary structures. Immunoblotting showed that procyanidin C1 and chlorogenic acid bound to Ara h 2 significantly decreased the IgE binding capacity by 37% and 50%, respectively. These results suggest that certain polyphenols can inhibit IgE recognition of Ara h 2 by obstructing linear IgE epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie J Plundrich
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Bethany T Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Soheila J Maleki
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Denis Fourches
- Department of Chemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Celakovská J, Bukac J, Ettler K, Vaneckova J, Krcmova I, Ettlerova K, Krejsek J. The occurrence of food hypersensitivity reactions and the relation to the sensitization to grass and trees in atopic dermatitis patients 14 years of age and older. Indian J Dermatol 2019; 64:346-354. [PMID: 31543527 PMCID: PMC6749770 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_164_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Methods: Results: Conclusion:
Collapse
|
48
|
Baker MG, Sampson HA. Phenotypes and endotypes of food allergy: A path to better understanding the pathogenesis and prognosis of food allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 120:245-253. [PMID: 29378246 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Grace Baker
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ehlers AM, Blankestijn MA, Knulst AC, Klinge M, Otten HG. Can alternative epitope mapping approaches increase the impact of B-cell epitopes in food allergy diagnostics? Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 49:17-26. [PMID: 30294841 PMCID: PMC7380004 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro allergy diagnostics are currently based on the detection of specific IgE binding on intact allergens or a mixture thereof. This approach has drawbacks as it may yield false‐negative and/or false‐positive results. Thus, we reviewed the impact of known B‐cell epitopes of food allergens to predict transience or persistence, tolerance or allergy and the severity of an allergic reaction and to examine new epitope mapping strategies meant to improve serum‐based allergy diagnostics. Recent epitope mapping approaches have been worthwhile in epitope identification and may increase the specificity of allergy diagnostics by using epitopes predominately recognized by allergic patients in some cases. However, these approaches did not lead to discrimination between clinically relevant and irrelevant epitopes so far, since the polyclonal serum IgE‐binding epitope spectrum seems to be too individual, independent of the disease status of the patients. New epitope mapping strategies are necessary to overcome these obstacles. The use of patient‐derived monoclonal antibodies instead of patient sera for functional characterization of clinically relevant and irrelevant epitope combinations, distinguished by their ability to induce degranulation, might be a promising approach to gain more insight into the allergic reaction and to improve serum‐based allergy diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Ehlers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Blankestijn
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andre C Knulst
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henny G Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Čelakovská J, Bukač J, Ettler K, Vaneckova J, Ettlerova K. Allergy to Peanuts in Atopic Dermatitis Patients 14 Year or Older and the Association with Food Hypersensitivity, Inhalant Allergens, Asthma Bronchiale and Rhinitis. Indian J Dermatol 2018; 63:317-322. [PMID: 30078876 PMCID: PMC6052752 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_576_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adult patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD), studies investigating the co-prevalence of AD and food allergy are still scarce, and exact data are not available. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the occurrence of food allergy to peanuts in significant relation to food hypersensitivity, inhalant allergy and to asthma bronchial and rhinitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Altogether 332 patients of AD 14 year or older were included in the study. The complete dermatological and allergological examinations were performed in all included patients (including examination of specific immunoglobulin E, skin prick test to different food and inhalant allergens, anamnestic data about food reactions, evaluation of allergic rhinitis, and allergic asthma bronchiale). We evaluated whether there was some relation between the food allergy to peanuts and followed parameters. Pairs of these categories were entered in the contingency tables, and the Chi-square test for the relationship of these variables was performed with the level of significance set to 5%. RESULTS Altogether 332 persons suffering from AD were included in the study of which 120 were male and 212 were female; the average age was 27.2 year. The significant relation between the allergy to peanuts and the occurrence of food hypersensitivity (FH) reactions to tomatoes, kiwi, apples, oranges, carrot and to the sensitization to grass, trees, mites, and the occurrence of rhinitis was found. CONCLUSION The significant relation between the allergy to peanuts and the occurrence of FH reactions and the sensitization to inhalant allergens and rhinitis was found. The future studies may show if the decrease in food allergy to peanuts can lead to the decrease of the occurrence of other FH reactions and sensitization to inhalant allergens and rhinitis in AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Čelakovská
- From the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Bukač
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ettler
- From the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Vaneckova
- From the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kvetuse Ettlerova
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Outpatient Clinic, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|