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Rutter KJ, Peake M, Hawkshaw NJ, Scholey R, Bulfone-Paus S, Friedmann PS, Farrar MD, Rhodes LE. Solar urticaria involves rapid mast cell STAT3 activation and neutrophil recruitment, with FcεRI as an upstream regulator. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1369-1380.e15. [PMID: 38184075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar urticaria is a rare photodermatosis characterized by rapid-onset sunlight-induced urticaria, but its pathophysiology is not well understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to define cutaneous cellular and molecular events in the evolution of solar urticaria following its initiation by solar-simulated UV radiation (SSR) and compare with healthy controls (HC). METHODS Cutaneous biopsy specimens were taken from unexposed skin and skin exposed to a single low (physiologic) dose of SSR at 30 minutes, 3 hours, and 24 hours after exposure in 6 patients with solar urticaria and 6 HC. Biopsy specimens were assessed by immunohistochemistry and bulk RNA-sequencing analysis. RESULTS In solar urticaria specimens, there was enrichment of several innate immune pathways, with striking early involvement of neutrophils, which was not observed in HC. Multiple proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes were upregulated (including IL20, IL6, and CXCL8) or identified as upstream regulators (including TNF, IL-1β, and IFN-γ). IgE and FcεRI were identified as upstream regulators, and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expression in mast cells was increased in solar urticaria at 30 minutes and 3 hours after SSR exposure, suggesting a mechanism of mast cell activation. Clinical resolution of solar urticaria by 24 hours mirrored resolution of inflammatory gene signature profiles. Comparison with available datasets of chronic spontaneous urticaria showed transcriptomic similarities relating to immune activation, but several transcripts were identified solely in solar urticaria, including CXCL8 and CSF2/3. CONCLUSIONS Solar urticaria is characterized by rapid signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation in mast cells and involvement of multiple chemotactic and innate inflammatory pathways, with FcεRI engagement indicated as an early event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty J Rutter
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Peake
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan J Hawkshaw
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Scholey
- Genomic Technologies Core Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Friedmann
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Farrar
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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2
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McGowan EC, Singh R, Katzka DA. Barrier Dysfunction in Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2023; 25:380-389. [PMID: 37950816 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-023-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Compelling evidence over the past decade supports the central role of epithelial barrier dysfunction in the pathophysiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The purpose of this review is to summarize the genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors driving epithelial barrier dysfunction, and how this impaired barrier can further promote the inflammatory response in EoE. RECENT FINDINGS Common environmental exposures, such as detergents, may have a direct impact on the esophageal epithelial barrier. In addition, the effects of IL-13 on barrier dysfunction may be reduced by 17β-estradiol, Vitamin D, and the short chain fatty acids butyrate and propionate, suggesting novel therapeutic targets. There are many genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors that contribute to epithelial barrier dysfunction in EoE. This leads to further skewing of the immune response to a "Th2" phenotype, alterations in the esophageal microbiome, and penetration of relevant antigens into the esophageal mucosa, which are central to the pathophysiology of EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C McGowan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801355, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Roopesh Singh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801355, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David A Katzka
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Ninomiya I, Yamatoya K, Mashimo K, Matsuda A, Usui-Ouchi A, Araki Y, Ebihara N. Role of Oncostatin M in the Pathogenesis of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: Focus on the Barrier Function of the Epithelium and Interleukin-33 Production by Fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:26. [PMID: 36580308 PMCID: PMC9804018 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe, recurrent allergic conjunctivitis. Previously, we found high concentrations of oncostatin M (OSM) in the tears of patients with VKC. Here, we investigated the role of OSM in VKC by focusing on epithelial barrier function and IL-33 production. Methods To assess the effect of OSM on the barrier function of human conjunctival epithelial cells (HConEpiCs), we measured transepithelial electrical resistance and dextran permeability. We also assessed expression of tight junction-related proteins such as E-cadherin and ZO-1 in HConEpiCs by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Then we used immunohistochemistry to evaluate expression of Ki-67, E-cadherin, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins, and IL-33 in giant papillae (GPs) from patients with VKC. In addition, we used Western blotting, microarray, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine whether OSM activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) or STAT3 and induces the expression of various genes in human conjunctival fibroblasts (HConFs). Results OSM reduced expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 in HConEpiCs, indicating barrier dysfunction. In immunohistochemistry, Ki-67 expression was present in the lower epithelial layer of the GPs, and E-cadherin expression was reduced in the superficial and lower layers; double staining revealed that GPs had a high number of fibroblasts expressing IL-33. In addition, in HConFs, OSM phosphorylated both STAT1 and STAT3 and induced IL-33. Conclusions OSM has important roles in severe, prolonged allergic inflammation by inducing epithelial barrier dysfunction and IL-33 production by conjunctival fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishin Ninomiya
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan,Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamatoya
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keitaro Mashimo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Usui-Ouchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Araki
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ebihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan,Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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4
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Zhao M, Tian C, Cong S, Di X, Wang K. From COVID-19 to Sarcoidosis: How Similar Are These Two Diseases? Front Immunol 2022; 13:877303. [PMID: 35615369 PMCID: PMC9124764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leads to the dysregulation of the immune system, exacerbates inflammatory responses, and even causes multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with severe disease. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous multisystem disease characterized by dense epithelioid non-necrotizing lesions with varying degrees of lymphocytic inflammation. These two diseases have similar clinical manifestations and may also influence each other and affect their clinical courses. In this study, we analyzed some possible connections between sarcoidosis and COVID-19, including the role of the renin–angiotensin system in the respiratory system, immune response, and cell death pathways, to understand the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, predisposing patients to severe forms of COVID-19. This review will provide a new prospect for the treatment of COVID-19 and an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis and development of sarcoidosis.
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5
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Steinhoff M, Ahmad F, Pandey A, Datsi A, AlHammadi A, Al-Khawaga S, Al-Malki A, Meng J, Alam M, Buddenkotte J. Neuro-immune communication regulating pruritus in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1875-1898. [PMID: 35337846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic-relapsing inflammatory skin disease with significant disease burden. Genetic and environmental trigger factors contribute to AD, activating two of our largest organs, the nervous and immune system. Dysregulation of neuro-immune circuits plays a key role in the pathophysiology of AD causing inflammation, pruritus, pain, and barrier dysfunction. Sensory nerves can be activated by environmental or endogenous trigger factors transmitting itch stimuli to the brain. Upon stimulation, sensory nerve endings also release neuromediators into the skin contributing again to inflammation, barrier dysfunction and itch. Additionally, dysfunctional peripheral and central neuronal structures contribute to neuroinflammation, sensitization, nerve elongation, neuropathic itch, thus chronification and therapy-resistance. Consequently, neuro-immune circuits in skin and central nervous system may be targets to treat pruritus in AD. Cytokines, chemokines, proteases, lipids, opioids, ions excite/sensitize sensory nerve endings not only induce itch but further aggravate/perpetuate inflammation, skin barrier disruption, and pruritus. Thus, targeted therapies for neuro-immune circuits as well as pathway inhibitors (e.g., kinase inhibitors) may be beneficial to control pruritus in AD either in systemic and/or topical form. Understanding neuro-immune circuits and neuronal signaling will optimize our approach to control all pathological mechanisms in AD, inflammation, barrier dysfunction and pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; Qatar University, College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Atul Pandey
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantational Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ayda AlHammadi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al-Khawaga
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aysha Al-Malki
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jianghui Meng
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Majid Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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6
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Headland SE, Dengler HS, Xu D, Teng G, Everett C, Ratsimandresy RA, Yan D, Kang J, Ganeshan K, Nazarova EV, Gierke S, Wedeles CJ, Guidi R, DePianto DJ, Morshead KB, Huynh A, Mills J, Flanagan S, Hambro S, Nunez V, Klementowicz JE, Shi Y, Wang J, Bevers J, Ramirez-Carrozzi V, Pappu R, Abbas A, Vander Heiden J, Choy DF, Yadav R, Modrusan Z, Panettieri RA, Koziol-White C, Jester WF, Jenkins BJ, Cao Y, Clarke C, Austin C, Lafkas D, Xu M, Wolters PJ, Arron JR, West NR, Wilson MS. Oncostatin M expression induced by bacterial triggers drives airway inflammatory and mucus secretion in severe asthma. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabf8188. [PMID: 35020406 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf8188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Headland
- Immunology Discovery,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hart S Dengler
- Immunology Discovery,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daqi Xu
- Immunology Discovery,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Grace Teng
- Immunology Discovery,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christine Everett
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Donghong Yan
- Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jing Kang
- Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kirthana Ganeshan
- Immunology Discovery,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Sarah Gierke
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.,Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Riccardo Guidi
- Immunology Discovery,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daryle J DePianto
- Immunology Discovery,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Alison Huynh
- Necropsy, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jessica Mills
- Necropsy, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sean Flanagan
- Necropsy, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shannon Hambro
- Necropsy, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Victor Nunez
- Necropsy, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Yongchang Shi
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jianyong Wang
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jack Bevers
- Antibody Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Rajita Pappu
- Immunology Discovery,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alex Abbas
- OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - David F Choy
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rajbharan Yadav
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Cynthia Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - William F Jester
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yi Cao
- OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christine Clarke
- OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cary Austin
- Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daniel Lafkas
- Immunology Discovery,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Immunology Discovery,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nathaniel R West
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Immunology Discovery,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Players in Intercellular Communication: Relevance in Mast Cell-Mediated Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179176. [PMID: 34502083 PMCID: PMC8431297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are major effector cells in eliciting allergic responses. They also play a significant role in establishing innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as in modulating tumor growth. Mast cells can be activated upon engagement of the high-affinity receptor FcεRI with specific IgE to multivalent antigens or in response to several FcεRI-independent mechanisms. Upon stimulation, mast cells secrete various preformed and newly synthesized mediators. Emerging evidence indicates their ability to be a rich source of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, which convey biological functions. Mast cell-derived EVs can interact with and affect other cells located nearby or at distant sites and modulate inflammation, allergic response, and tumor progression. Mast cells are also affected by EVs derived from other cells in the immune system or in the tumor microenvironment, which may activate mast cells to release different mediators. In this review, we summarize the latest data regarding the ability of mast cells to release or respond to EVs and their role in allergic responses, inflammation, and tumor progression. Understanding the release, composition, and uptake of EVs by cells located near to or at sites distant from mast cells in a variety of clinical conditions, such as allergic inflammation, mastocytosis, and lung cancer will contribute to developing novel therapeutic approaches.
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8
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Association between Oncostatin M Expression and Inflammatory Phenotype in Experimental Arthritis Models and Osteoarthritis Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030508. [PMID: 33673583 PMCID: PMC7997294 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are considered to play a major role in osteoarthritis (OA), yet so far, the specific cytokines involved in the pathology of OA have not been identified. Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine from the interleukin 6 (IL-6) family that has been shown to be elevated in synovial fluid of most rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but only in a limited subset of OA patients. Little is known about OSM in the different joint tissues during OA and how its expression correlates with hallmarks of disease. Here, we mapped OSM expression in the joint tissues of two rat models of arthritis: an acute inflammatory model and an instability-induced osteoarthritic model. OSM expression was correlated with hallmarks of OA, namely cartilage damage, synovitis, and osteophyte formation. Reanalysis of an existing dataset on cytokine profiling of OA synovial fluid was performed to assess pattern differences between patients positive and negative for OSM. In the inflammatory model, OSM expression correlated with synovitis and osteophyte formation but not with cartilage damage. On the contrary, in the instability model of OA, an increase in synovitis, cartilage damage, and osteophyte formation was observed without changes in OSM expression. In line with these findings, synovial fluid of OA patients with detectable OSM contained higher levels of other inflammatory cytokines, namely interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-1α and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), likely indicating a more inflammatory state. Taken together these data indicate OSM might play a prominent role in inflammatory phenotypes of OA.
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9
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Role of oncostatin M in the pathogenesis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis: focus on tissue remodeling. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2021; 65:144-153. [PMID: 33403505 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-020-00791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe and recurrent allergic conjunctivitis, the mechanism of which is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of oncostatin M (OSM) in the pathogenesis of VKC, with a focus on tissue remodeling. STUDY DESIGN Clinical and experimental. PATIENTS AND METHODS The OSM concentrations in tear fluid samples obtained from VKC patients and healthy controls were measured using ELISA, and the expression of OSM mRNA and protein in giant papillae resected from VKC patients was investigated using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In cultured human conjunctival epithelial cells (HconEpiCs), expression of OSM receptor β (OSMRβ) was detected using immunocytochemical and FACS analyses. Finally, we investigated whether recombinant OSM activated STAT1 and STAT3 to induce the expression of various genes related to tissue remodeling in HconEpiCs, by using Western blot analysis, microarray analysis, and RT-PCR. RESULTS The OSM concentration was higher in the tear fluid of VKC patients than in that of the healthy controls, and strong expression of OSM mRNA was found in the giant papillae. We also detected T cells expressing OSM in the giant papillae. In addition, HconEpiCs showed surface expression of OSMRβ. Recombinant human OSM strongly activated both STAT1 and STAT3 in HconEpiCs and induced various tissue remodeling-related genes, including MMP-1, MMP-3, IL-24, IL-20, serpinB3, S100A7, tenascin C, and SOCS3. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that OSM is one of the key molecules involved in remodeling of giant papillae in VKC.
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10
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Abstract
Mast cells are innate immune cells that intersect with the adaptive immunity and play a crucial role in the initiation of allergic reactions and the host defense against certain parasites and venoms. When activated in an allergen- and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent manner, these cells secrete a large variety of allergenic mediators that are pre-stored in secretory granules or
de novo–synthesized. Traditionally, studies have predominantly focused on understanding this mechanism of mast cell activation and regulation. Along this line of study, recent studies have shed light on what structural features are required for allergens and how IgE, particularly anaphylactic IgE, is produced. However, the last few years have seen a flurry of new studies on IgE-independent mast cell activation, particularly via Mrgprb2 (mouse) and MRGPRX2 (human). These studies have greatly advanced our understanding of how mast cells exert non-histaminergic itch, pain, and drug-induced pseudoallergy by interacting with sensory neurons. Recent studies have also characterized mast cell activation and regulation by interleukin-33 (IL-33) and other cytokines and by non-coding RNAs. These newly identified mechanisms for mast cell activation and regulation will further stimulate the allergy/immunology community to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of allergic and non-allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Soo Kim
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Kazumi Kasakura
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Department of Dermatlogy, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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11
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Highly Aggressive CD4-Positive Mast Cell Leukaemia (Leukaemic Variant) Associated with Isolated Trisomy 19 and Hemophagocytosis by Neoplastic Mast Cells: A Case Report with Challenging Experience and Review. Case Rep Hematol 2019; 2019:1805270. [PMID: 31772790 PMCID: PMC6854920 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1805270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cell leukaemia is a unique disease among hematopoietic neoplasms, being one of the rarest leukaemia subtypes. In addition, its prompt diagnosis is usually challenging. This is due to its heterogeneity in clinical presentations and cytomorphological and immunophenotypical features together with potential associations with other hematologic neoplasms which can complicate the condition and delay accurate diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of CD4-positive mast cell leukaemia. Case Presentation A 39-year-old male presented with acute onset of fever, abdominal pain, and generalized body aches of two-week duration. Peripheral blood smear showed circulating blasts (13%) with coarsely basophilic granulation. Bone marrow (BM) aspirate showed extensive infiltration with immature mast cells of blast-like morphology with trilineage dysplasia and evident hemophagocytic activity exhibited by histiocytes and neoplastic mast cells. BM biopsy was diffusely infiltrated with many atypical mast cells positive for CD45, CD117, mast cell tryptase, CD25, and CD4 with partial positivity for CD7 and CD30. Cytogenetics showed an abnormal karyotype: 47, XY, +1947, XY, +19[13]/46, XY[9]. Molecular analysis revealed a KIT D816V mutation consistent with a diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis, mast cell leukaemia. Conclusion The expression of T-cell associated markers by abnormal mast cells is well documented; however, CD4 and CD7 expression have not previously been described in association with mast cell leukaemia. Coexpression of CD2, CD4, CD7, and CD30 by the mast cells particularly in skin lesions may provoke misinterpretation as a cutaneous T-cell neoplasm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CD4-positive mast cell leukaemia. Moreover, hemophagocytic mast cell leukaemia is a very rare morphologic variant, and possible correlation between this finding and expression of CD4 by neoplastic mast cells is a topic for further investigation.
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MicroRNA Involvement in Allergic and Non-Allergic Mast Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092145. [PMID: 31052286 PMCID: PMC6539777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic inflammation is accompanied by the coordinated expression of numerous genes and proteins that initiate, sustain, and propagate immune responses and tissue remodeling. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of small regulatory molecules that are able to control the translation of target mRNAs and consequently regulate various biological processes at the posttranscriptional level. MiRNA profiles have been identified in multiple allergic inflammatory diseases and in the tumor microenvironment. Mast cells have been found to co-localize within the above conditions. More specifically, in addition to being essential in initiating the allergic response, mast cells play a key role in both innate and adaptive immunity as well as in modulating tumor growth. This review summarizes the possible role of various miRNAs in the above-mentioned processes wherein mast cells have been found to be involved. Understanding the role of miRNAs in mast cell activation and function may serve as an important tool in developing diagnostic as well as therapeutic approaches in mast cell-dependent pathological conditions.
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Stassen M, Hartmann AK, Delgado SJ, Dehmel S, Braun A. Mast cells within cellular networks. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:S46-S54. [PMID: 30731122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are highly versatile in terms of their mode of activation by a host of stimuli and their ability to flexibly release a plethora of biologically highly active mediators. Within the immune system, mast cells can best be designated as an active nexus interlinking innate and adaptive immunity. Here we try to draw an arc from initiation of acute inflammatory reactions to microbial pathogens to development of adaptive immunity and allergies. This multifaceted nature of mast cells is made possible by interaction with multiple cell types of immunologic and nonimmunologic origin. Examples for the former include neutrophils, eosinophils, T cells, and professional antigen-presenting cells. These interactions allow mast cells to orchestrate inflammatory innate reactions and complex adaptive immunity, including the pathogenesis of allergies. Important partners of nonimmunologic origin include cells of the sensory neuronal system. The intimate association between mast cells and sensory nerve fibers allows bidirectional communication, leading to neurogenic inflammation. Evidence is accumulating that this mast cell/nerve crosstalk is of pathophysiologic relevance in patients with allergic diseases, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stassen
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hartmann
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sharon Jiménez Delgado
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) research network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) research network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) research network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Oncostain M, a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, is produced by immune cells in response to infections and tissue injury. OSM has a broad, often context-dependent effect on various cellular processes including differentiation, hematopoiesis, cell proliferation, and cell survival. OSM signaling is initiated by binding to type I (LIFRβ/gp130) or type II (OSMRβ/gp130) receptor complexes and involves activation of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. High levels of OSM have been detected in many chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by fibrosis, giving a rationale to target OSM for the treatment of these diseases. Here we discuss the current knowledge on the role of OSM in various stages of the fibrotic process including inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and activation of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Corresponding Author: Maria Trojanowska, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, E-5, Boston, MA 02118, Tel.: 617-638-4318; Fax: 617-638-5226
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Tian T, Zi X, Peng Y, Wang Z, Hong H, Yan Y, Guan W, Tan KS, Liu J, Ong HH, Kang X, Yu J, Ong YK, Thong KT, Shi L, Ye J, Wang DY. H3N2 influenza virus infection enhances oncostatin M expression in human nasal epithelium. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:322-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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West NR, Owens BMJ, Hegazy AN. The oncostatin M-stromal cell axis in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12694. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. West
- Department of Cancer Immunology; Genentech; South San Francisco California
| | - Benjamin M. J. Owens
- Somerville College; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- EUSA Pharma; Hemel Hempstead UK
| | - Ahmed N. Hegazy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, and Rheumatology; Charité Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum; ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Berlin Germany
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17
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Shefler I, Salamon P, Levi-Schaffer F, Mor A, Hershko AY, Mekori YA. MicroRNA-4443 regulates mast cell activation by T cell–derived microvesicles. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:2132-2141.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Żelechowska P, Agier J, Kozłowska E, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E. Mast cells participate in chronic low-grade inflammation within adipose tissue. Obes Rev 2018; 19:686-697. [PMID: 29334696 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is reckoned as one of the civilization diseases, posing a considerable global health issue. Evidence points towards a contribution of multitude immune cell populations in obesity pathomechanism and the development of chronic low-grade inflammation in the expanded adipose tissue. Notably, adipose tissue is a reservoir of mast cells which number in individuals with obesity particularly increased. Some of them tend to degranulation what generate secretion of strong pro-inflammatory and regulatory mediators, as well as cytokines/chemokines. Several lines of evidence suggest that mast cells are strictly associated with pro-inflammatory status in adipose tissue by their indirect impact on immune cell attraction and activation. Furthermore, mast cells affect adipose tissue remodelling and fibrosis by adipocyte differentiation, fibroblast proliferation and enhancing extracellular matrix proteins expression. This review will summarize current knowledge on mast cell features and their role in the development of chronic low-grade inflammation within adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Żelechowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - J Agier
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - E Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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19
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Kuebler WM, Bonnet S, Tabuchi A. Inflammation and autoimmunity in pulmonary hypertension: is there a role for endothelial adhesion molecules? (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045893218757596. [PMID: 29480134 PMCID: PMC5865459 DOI: 10.1177/2045893218757596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While pulmonary hypertension (PH) has traditionally not been considered as a disease that is directly linked to or, potentially, even caused by inflammation, a rapidly growing body of evidence has demonstrated the accumulation of a variety of inflammatory and immune cells in PH lungs, in and around the wall of remodeled pulmonary resistance vessels and in the vicinity of plexiform lesions, respectively. Concomitantly, abundant production and release of various inflammatory mediators has been documented in both PH patients and experimental models of PH. While these findings unequivocally demonstrate an inflammatory component in PH, they have fueled an intense and presently ongoing debate as to the nature of this inflammatory aspect: is it a mere bystander of or response to the actual disease process, or is it a pathomechanistic contributor or potentially even a trigger of endothelial injury, smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and the resulting lung vascular remodeling? In this review, we will discuss the present evidence for an inflammatory component in PH disease with a specific focus on the potential role of the endothelium in this scenario and highlight future avenues of experimental investigation which may lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M Kuebler
- 1 Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin Institut fur Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Arata Tabuchi
- 1 Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin Institut fur Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Lerner EA. Role of mast cells and basophils in pruritus. Immunol Rev 2018; 282:248-264. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Translational Research Institute; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar; Doha Qatar
- Medical School; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
- Department Of Dermatology and UCD Charles Institute for Translational Dermatology; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Jörg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Translational Research Institute; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Ethan A. Lerner
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Department of Dermatology; Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Charlestown MA USA
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21
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Pothoven KL, Schleimer RP. The barrier hypothesis and Oncostatin M: Restoration of epithelial barrier function as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of type 2 inflammatory disease. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1341367. [PMID: 28665760 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1341367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal epithelium maintains tissue homeostasis through many processes, including epithelial barrier function, which separates the environment from the tissue. The barrier hypothesis of type 2 inflammatory disease postulates that epithelial and epidermal barrier dysfunction, which cause inappropriate exposure to the environment, can result in allergic sensitization and development of type 2 inflammatory disease. The restoration of barrier dysfunction once it's lost, or the prevention of barrier dysfunction, have the potential to be exciting new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of type 2 inflammatory disease. Neutrophil-derived Oncostatin M has been shown to be a potent disrupter of epithelial barrier function through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review will discuss these events and outline several points along this axis at which therapeutic intervention could be beneficial for the treatment of type 2 inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Pothoven
- a Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,b Driskill Graduate Program , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,c Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- a Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,d Departments of Otolaryngology and Microbiology-Immunology , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
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22
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Salamon P, Shefler I, Hershko AY, Mekori YA. The Involvement of Protein Kinase D in T Cell-Induced Mast Cell Activation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 171:203-208. [DOI: 10.1159/000452625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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23
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Mekori YA, Hershko AY, Frossi B, Mion F, Pucillo CE. Integrating innate and adaptive immune cells: Mast cells as crossroads between regulatory and effector B and T cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 778:84-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Apostolopoulos V, de Courten MPJ, Stojanovska L, Blatch GL, Tangalakis K, de Courten B. The complex immunological and inflammatory network of adipose tissue in obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:43-57. [PMID: 26331761 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of approaches have been utilized in the prevention, management, and treatment of obesity, including, surgery, medication, diet, exercise, and overall lifestyle changes. Despite these interventions, the prevalence of obesity and the various disorders related to it is growing. In obesity, there is a constant state of chronic low-grade inflammation which is characterized by activation and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells and a dysregulated production of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This pro-inflammatory milieu contributes to insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other related co-morbidities. The roles of the innate (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, NK cells, MAIT cells) and the adaptive (CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells, and B cells) immune responses and the roles of adipokines and cytokines in adipose tissue inflammation and obesity are discussed. An understanding of the crosstalk between the immune system and adipocytes may shed light in better treatment modalities for obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregory L Blatch
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy Tangalakis
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and preventative Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia.,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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25
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Pothoven KL, Norton JE, Hulse KE, Suh LA, Carter RG, Rocci E, Harris KE, Shintani-Smith S, Conley DB, Chandra RK, Liu MC, Kato A, Gonsalves N, Grammer LC, Peters AT, Kern RC, Bryce PJ, Tan BK, Schleimer RP. Oncostatin M promotes mucosal epithelial barrier dysfunction, and its expression is increased in patients with eosinophilic mucosal disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:737-746.e4. [PMID: 25840724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial barrier dysfunction is thought to play a role in many mucosal diseases, including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and eosinophilic esophagitis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the role of oncostatin M (OSM) in epithelial barrier dysfunction in human mucosal disease. METHODS OSM expression was measured in tissue extracts, nasal secretions, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The effects of OSM stimulation on barrier function of normal human bronchial epithelial cells and nasal epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface were assessed by using transepithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux. Dual-color immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the integrity of tight junction structures in cultured epithelial cells. RESULTS Analysis of samples from patients with CRS showed that OSM mRNA and protein levels were highly increased in nasal polyps compared with those seen in control uncinate tissue (P < .05). OSM levels were also increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of allergic asthmatic patients after segmental allergen challenge and in esophageal biopsy specimens from patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. OSM stimulation of air-liquid interface cultures resulted in reduced barrier function, as measured by decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and increased fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux (P < .05). Alterations in barrier function by OSM were reversible, and the viability of epithelial cells was unaffected. OSM levels in lysates of nasal polyps and uncinate tissue positively correlated with levels of α2-macroglobulin, a marker of epithelial leak, in localized nasal secretions (r = 0.4855, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that OSM might play a role in epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with CRS and other mucosal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Pothoven
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - James E Norton
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathryn E Hulse
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lydia A Suh
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Roderick G Carter
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Erin Rocci
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathleen E Harris
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - David B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Rakesh K Chandra
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Mark C Liu
- Divisions of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Md
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Nirmala Gonsalves
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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Shefler I, Pasmanik-Chor M, Kidron D, Mekori YA, Hershko AY. T cell–derived microvesicles induce mast cell production of IL-24: Relevance to inflammatory skin diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:217-24.e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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27
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Richards CD. The enigmatic cytokine oncostatin m and roles in disease. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:512103. [PMID: 24381786 PMCID: PMC3870656 DOI: 10.1155/2013/512103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M is a secreted cytokine involved in homeostasis and in diseases involving chronic inflammation. It is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines that have pleiotropic functions in differentiation, cell proliferation, and hematopoetic, immunologic, and inflammatory networks. However, Oncostatin M also has activities novel to mediators of this cytokine family and others and may have fundamental roles in mechanisms of inflammation in pathology. Studies have explored Oncostatin M functions in cancer, bone metabolism, liver regeneration, and conditions with chronic inflammation including rheumatoid arthritis, lung and skin inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. This paper will review Oncostatin M biology in a historical fashion and focus on its unique activities, in vitro and in vivo, that differentiate it from other cytokines and inspire further study or consideration in therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D. Richards
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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28
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Extracellular ATP mediates mast cell-dependent intestinal inflammation through P2X7 purinoceptors. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1034. [PMID: 22948816 PMCID: PMC3658010 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are known effector cells in allergic and inflammatory diseases, but their precise roles in intestinal inflammation remain unknown. Here we show that activation of mast cells in intestinal inflammation is mediated by ATP-reactive P2X7 purinoceptors. We find an increase in the numbers of mast cells expressing P2X7 purinoceptors in the colons of mice with colitis and of patients with Crohn's disease. Treatment of mice with a P2X7 purinoceptor-specific antibody inhibits mast cell activation and subsequent intestinal inflammation. Similarly, intestinal inflammation is ameliorated in mast cell-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice, and reconstitution with wild-type, but not P2x7−/− mast cells results in susceptibility to inflammation. ATP-P2X7 purinoceptor-mediated activation of mast cells not only induces inflammatory cytokines, but also chemokines and leukotrienes, to recruit neutrophils and subsequently exacerbate intestinal inflammation. These findings reveal the role of P2X7 purinoceptor-mediated mast cell activation in both the initiation and exacerbation of intestinal inflammation. Mast cells are mediators of type I allergic disease and inflammation. Here, Kurashima et al. show that mast cells are increased in the colons of mice with colitis, and that activation of the cells and subsequent inflammation can be blocked by inhibition of the purinoceptor, P2X7.
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29
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Christy AL, Walker ME, Hessner MJ, Brown MA. Mast cell activation and neutrophil recruitment promotes early and robust inflammation in the meninges in EAE. J Autoimmun 2012; 42:50-61. [PMID: 23267561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The meninges are often considered inert tissues that house the CSF and provide protection for the brain and spinal cord. Yet emerging data demonstrates that they are also active sites of immune responses. Furthermore, the blood-CSF barrier surrounding meningeal blood vessels, together with the blood-brain barrier (BBB), is postulated to serve as a gateway for the pathological infiltration of immune cells into the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our previous studies using mast cell-deficient (Kit(W/Wv)) mice demonstrated that mast cells resident in the dura mater and pia mater exacerbate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of MS, by facilitating CNS inflammatory cell influx. Here we examined the underlying mechanisms that mediate these effects. We demonstrate that there are dramatic alterations in immune associated gene expression in the meninges in pre-clinical disease, including those associated with mast cell and neutrophil function. Meningeal mast cells are activated within 24 h of disease induction, but do not directly compromise CNS vascular integrity. Rather, through production of TNF, mast cells elicit an early influx of neutrophils, cells known to alter vascular permeability, into the meninges. These data add to the growing evidence that inflammation in the meninges precedes CNS immune cell infiltration and establish that mast cells are among the earliest participants in these disease-initiating events. We hypothesize that mast cell-dependent neutrophil recruitment and activation in the meninges promotes early breakdown of the local BBB and CSF-blood barrier allowing initial immune cell access to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Christy
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Brown MA, Hatfield JK. Mast Cells are Important Modifiers of Autoimmune Disease: With so Much Evidence, Why is There Still Controversy? Front Immunol 2012; 3:147. [PMID: 22701454 PMCID: PMC3369183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is abundant evidence that mast cells are active participants in events that mediate tissue damage in autoimmune disease. Disease-associated increases in mast cell numbers accompanied by mast cell degranulation and elaboration of numerous mast cell mediators at sites of inflammation are commonly observed in many human autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and bullous pemphigoid. In animal models, treatment with mast cell stabilizing drugs or mast cell ablation can result in diminished disease. A variety of receptors including those engaged by antibody, complement, pathogens, and intrinsic danger signals are implicated in mast cell activation in disease. Similar to their role as first responders in infection settings, mast cells likely orchestrate early recruitment of immune cells, including neutrophils, to the sites of autoimmune destruction. This co-localization promotes cellular crosstalk and activation and results in the amplification of the local inflammatory response thereby promoting and sustaining tissue damage. Despite the evidence, there is still a debate regarding the relative role of mast cells in these processes. However, by definition, mast cells can only act as accessory cells to the self-reactive T and/or antibody driven autoimmune responses. Thus, when evaluating mast cell involvement using existing and somewhat imperfect animal models of disease, their importance is sometimes obscured. However, these potent immune cells are undoubtedly major contributors to autoimmunity and should be considered as important targets for therapeutic disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
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Mekori YA, Hershko AY. T cell-mediated modulation of mast cell function: heterotypic adhesion-induced stimulatory or inhibitory effects. Front Immunol 2012; 3:6. [PMID: 22566892 PMCID: PMC3342371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Close physical proximity between mast cells and T cells has been demonstrated in several T cell mediated inflammatory processes such as rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis. However, the way by which mast cells are activated in these T cell-mediated immune responses has not been fully elucidated. We have identified and characterized a novel mast cell activation pathway initiated by physical contact with activated T cells, and showed that this pathway is associated with degranulation and cytokine release. The signaling events associated with this pathway of mast cell activation have also been elucidated confirming the activation of the Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase systems. More recently, we hypothesized and demonstrated that mast cells may also be activated by microparticles released from activated T cells that are considered as miniature version of a cell. By extension, microparticles might affect the activity of mast cells, which are usually not in direct contact with T cells at the inflammatory site. Recent works have also focused on the effects of regulatory T cells (Treg) on mast cells. These reports highlighted the importance of the cytokines IL-2 and IL-9, produced by mast cells and T cells, respectively, in obtaining optimal immune suppression. Finally, physical contact, associated by OX40–OX40L engagement has been found to underlie the down-regulatory effects exerted by Treg on mast cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph A Mekori
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Herbert Center of Mast Cell Disorders, Meir Medical Center Kfar Saba, Israel
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Shi MA, Shi GP. Different roles of mast cells in obesity and diabetes: lessons from experimental animals and humans. Front Immunol 2012; 3:7. [PMID: 22566893 PMCID: PMC3341969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play an important role in allergic hyperresponsiveness and in defending microorganism infections. Recent studies of experimental animals and humans have suggested that MCs participate in obesity and diabetes. MC distribution and activities in adipose tissues may vary, depending on the locations of different adipose tissues. In addition to releasing inflammatory mediators to affect adipose tissue extracellular matrix remodeling and to promote inflammatory cell recruitment and proliferation, MCs directly and indirectly interact and activate adipose tissue cells, including adipocytes and recruited inflammatory cells. Plasma MC protease levels are significantly higher in obese patients than in lean subjects. Experimental obese animals lose body weight after MC inactivation. MC functions in diabetes are even more complicated, and depend on the type of diabetes and on different diabetic complications. Both plasma MC proteases and MC activation essential immunoglobulin E levels are significant risk factors for human pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus. MC stabilization prevents diet-induced diabetes and improves pre-established diabetes in experimental animals. MC depletion or inactivation can improve diet-induced type 2 diabetes and some forms of type 1 diabetes, but also can worsen other forms of type 1 diabetes, at least in experimental animals. Observations from animal and human studies have suggested beneficial effects of treating diabetic patients with MC stabilizers. Some diabetic patients may benefit from enhancing MC survival and proliferation – hypotheses that merit detailed basic researches and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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Hoermann G, Cerny-Reiterer S, Perné A, Klauser M, Hoetzenecker K, Klein K, Müllauer L, Gröger M, Nijman SMB, Klepetko W, Valent P, Mayerhofer M. Identification of oncostatin M as a STAT5-dependent mediator of bone marrow remodeling in KIT D816V-positive systemic mastocytosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:2344-56. [PMID: 21457934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis is a neoplastic disease of mast cells harboring the activating KIT mutation D816V. In most patients, mast cell infiltration in the bone marrow is accompanied by marked microenvironment alterations, including increased angiogenesis, osteosclerosis, and sometimes fibrosis. Little is known about the mast cell-derived molecules contributing to these bone marrow alterations. We show here that neoplastic mast cells in patients with systemic mastocytosis express oncostatin M (OSM), a profibrogenic and angiogenic modulator. To study the regulation of OSM expression, KIT D816V was inducibly expressed in Ba/F3 cells and was found to up-regulate OSM mRNA and protein levels, suggesting that OSM is a KIT D816V-dependent mediator. Correspondingly, KIT D816V(+) HMC-1.2 cells expressed significantly higher amounts of OSM than the KIT D816V(-) HMC-1.1 subclone. RNA interference-induced knockdown of STAT5, a key transcription factor in KIT D816V(+) mast cells, inhibited OSM expression in HMC-1 cells, whereas a constitutively activated STAT5 mutant induced OSM expression. Finally, OSM secreted from KIT D816V(+) mast cells stimulated growth of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts, suggesting that mast cell-derived OSM may serve as a key modulator of the marrow microenvironment and thus contribute to the pathology of systemic mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Rappl G, Pabst S, Riemann D, Schmidt A, Wickenhauser C, Schütte W, Hombach AA, Seliger B, Grohé C, Abken H. Regulatory T cells with reduced repressor capacities are extensively amplified in pulmonary sarcoid lesions and sustain granuloma formation. Clin Immunol 2011; 140:71-83. [PMID: 21482483 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis can evolve into a chronic disease with persistent granulomas accompanied by progressive fibrosis. While an unlimited inflammatory response suggests an impaired immune control in sarcoid lesions, it stands in contrast to the massive infiltration with CD4(+)CD25(high)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells. We here revealed that those Treg cells in affected lung lesions were mainly derived from activated natural Treg cells with GARP (LRRC32)-positive phenotype but exhibited reduced repressor capacities despite high IL-10 and TGF-beta 1 levels. The repressive capacity of blood Treg cells, in contrast, was not impaired compared to age-matched healthy donors. Treg derived cells in granuloma lesions have undergone extensive rounds of amplifications indicated by shortened telomeres compared to blood Treg cells of the same patient. Lesional Treg derived cells moreover secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4 which sustains granuloma formation through fibroblast amplification and the activation of mast cells, the latter indicated by the expression of membrane-bound oncostatin M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Rappl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory for Tumorgenetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Basheer M, Schwalb H, Nesher M, Gilon D, Shefler I, Mekori YA, Shapira OM, Gorodetsky R. Mast cell activation by fibrinogen-related homologous c-terminal peptides (haptides) modulates systemic blood pressure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:1041-8. [PMID: 20832847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haptides are a family of short peptides homologous to C-termini sequences of fibrinogen chains β and γ (haptides Cβ and preCγ, respectively) which were previously shown to penetrate and bind cells. OBJECTIVES This work investigates the systemic effect of the haptides with possible clinical implications. METHODS Intra-arterial monitoring in rats recorded the haptides' effects on systemic blood pressure. In parallel, their effect was also tested in vitro on isolated rat peritoneal mast cells and on human mast cells. RESULTS Intra-arterial monitoring in rats showed that intravenous administration of low haptides concentrations (35-560 μg/kg rat) caused a shocklike behavior with transient decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure by up to 55% (P < .05) in a dose-dependent manner and a minor increase in their heart rate. Randomly scrambled sequences of the haptides had no such effect, suggesting a specific interaction with receptors. Intravenous administration of blockers to histamine receptors H1 and H2 before haptides administration attenuated this effect. Furthermore, in vitro incubation of human LAD2 mast cell line or isolated rat peritoneal mast cells with the haptides caused degranulation of the mast cells. We found that the haptides Cβ and preCγ activated mast cells causing histamine release, resulting in a steep decrease in blood pressure, comparable to anaphylactic shock. CONCLUSION In treating vascular occlusive diseases, massive fibrinolysis is induced, and haptide-containing sequences are released. We suggest that treatment with histamine receptor blockers or with mast cell stabilizing agents in such pathological conditions may overcome this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maamoun Basheer
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Radiobiology, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Jerusalem, Israel
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Shefler I, Salamon P, Reshef T, Mor A, Mekori YA. T Cell-Induced Mast Cell Activation: A Role for Microparticles Released from Activated T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:4206-12. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Postlethwaite AE, Harris LJ, Raza SH, Kodura S, Akhigbe T. Pharmacotherapy of systemic sclerosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11:789-806. [PMID: 20210685 DOI: 10.1517/14656561003592177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an uncommon autoimmune disease with variable degrees of fibroproliferation in blood vessels and certain organs of the body. There is currently no cure. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature regarding pathogenesis and treatment of complications of SSc. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW All available articles regarding research related to SSc pathogenesis and treatment listed in the PubMed database were searched; relevant articles were then reviewed and used as sources of information for this review. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review attempts to highlight for the reader some current thought regarding mechanisms of SSc pathogenesis and how autoimmunity relates to vascular changes and fibrogenesis of the disease, as well as providing a review of results of completed clinical trials and current ongoing clinical trials that address organ-specific or global therapies for this disease. This can aid physicians who provide medical care for patients with SSc. TAKE HOME MESSAGE SSc is a complex autoimmune disease, the pathogenesis of which, although not completely understood, is under active study; new insights into pathogenesis are continually being discovered. Although there is no effective disease-modifying treatment for patients with SSc, quality of life, morbidity and mortality can be improved by using targeted therapy directed at affecting the consequences of damage to lungs, blood vessels, kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract. Innovative approaches to treating SSc are under intense investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Postlethwaite
- Department of Medicine, Division of Connective Tissue Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Room G326, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Mor A, Shefler I, Salamon P, Kloog Y, Mekori YA. Characterization of ERK activation in human mast cells stimulated by contact with T cells. Inflammation 2010; 33:119-25. [PMID: 19908133 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Close physical proximity between mast cells and T cells has been demonstrated in several human conditions. We have identified and characterized a novel mast cell activation pathway initiated by contact with T cells, and showed that this pathway is associated with cytokine release. It has been shown recently that Ras is activated in this pathway. Thus, in the present study we further explore the downstream events associated with Ras activation and cytokine release in human mast cells stimulated by contact with T cells. ERK activation in human mast cells stimulated by either contact with T cells or by crosslinking the FC epsilon receptor was studied. Photobleaching experiments were used to study ERK localization. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to study the cytokine release by human mast cells. We show that stimulation of human mast cells by contact with activated T cells results is sustained ERK activation. Furthermore, sustained ERK activation in these cells is associated with increased dwell time at the nucleus and with IL-8 release. Interestingly, when mast cells were stimulated by crosslinking the FC epsilon receptor I, ERK activation was transient. ERK activation was associated with a shorter dwell time at the nucleus and with TNF-alpha release. Thus, retaining ERK in the nucleus might be a mechanism utilized by human mast cells to generate different cytokines from a single signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mor
- The Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.
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Sayed BA, Christy AL, Walker ME, Brown MA. Meningeal mast cells affect early T cell central nervous system infiltration and blood-brain barrier integrity through TNF: a role for neutrophil recruitment? THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6891-900. [PMID: 20488789 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells contribute to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a rodent model of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Yet their site and mode of action is unknown. In both diseases, myelin-specific T cells are initially activated in peripheral lymphoid organs. However, for disease to occur, these cells must enter the immunologically privileged CNS through a breach in the relatively impermeable blood-brain barrier. In this study, we demonstrate that a dense population of resident mast cells in the meninges, structures surrounding the brain and spinal cord, regulate basal CNS barrier function, facilitating initial T cell CNS entry. Through the expression of TNF, mast cells recruit an early wave of neutrophils to the CNS. We propose that neutrophils in turn promote the blood-brain barrier breach and together with T cells lead to further inflammatory cell influx and myelin damage. These findings provide specific targets for intervention in multiple sclerosis as well as other immune-mediated CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blayne A Sayed
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Baram D, Dekel O, Mekori YA, Sagi-Eisenberg R. Activation of mast cells by trimeric G protein Gi3; coupling to the A3 adenosine receptor directly and upon T cell contact. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:3677-88. [PMID: 20190146 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are key players in mediating and amplifying allergic and inflammatory reactions. Previously, we identified the G-protein, Gi3, as the cellular target of receptor mimetic basic secretagogues that activate mast cell independently of IgE. In this study, we demonstrate that Gi3 is the cellular target of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3R), a G-protein coupled receptor involved in inflammation and the pathophysiology of asthma. By using a cell permeable peptide comprising the C-terminal end of Galphai3 fused to an importation sequence (ALL1) as a selective inhibitor of Gi3 signaling, we show that by coupling to Gi3, the A3R stimulates multiple signaling pathways in human mast cells, leading to upregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. We further show that after contact with activated T cell membranes, endogenous adenosine binds to and activates the A3R, resulting in Gi3-mediated signaling. Specifically, the majority of ERK1/2 signaling initiated by contact with activated T cell membranes, is mediated by Gi3, giving rise to ALL1-inhibitable cellular responses. These results unveil the physiological G-protein coupled receptor that couples to Gi3 and establish the important role played by this G-protein in inflammatory conditions that involve adenosine-activated mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Baram
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Nagai K, Takahashi Y, Mikami I, Fukusima T, Oike H, Kobori M. The hydroxyflavone, fisetin, suppresses mast cell activation induced by interaction with activated T cell membranes. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:907-19. [PMID: 19702784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cell-to-cell interactions between mast cells and activated T cells are increasingly recognized as a possible mechanism in the aetiology of allergic or non-allergic inflammatory disorders. To determine the anti-allergic effect of fisetin, we examined the ability of fisetin to suppress activation of the human mast cell line, HMC-1, induced by activated Jurkat T cell membranes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HMC-1 cells were incubated with or without fisetin for 15 min and then co-cultured with Jurkat T cell membranes activated by phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate for 16 h. We determined gene expression in activated HMC-1 cells by DNA microarray and quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis. We also examined activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and MAP kinases (MAPKs) in activated HMC-1 cells. KEY RESULTS Fisetin suppresses cell spreading and gene expression in HMC-1 cells stimulated by activated T cell membranes. Additionally, we show that these stimulated HMC-1 cells expressed granzyme B. The stimulatory interaction also induced activation of NF-kappaB and MAPKs; these activations were suppressed by fisetin. Fisetin also reduced the amount of cell surface antigen CD40 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on activated HMC-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Fisetin suppressed activation of HMC-1 cells by activated T cell membranes by interfering with cell-to-cell interaction and inhibiting the activity of NF-kappaB and MAPKs and thereby suppressing gene expression. Fisetin may protect against the progression of inflammatory diseases by limiting interactions between mast cells and activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nagai
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Mast cells and eosinophils: the two key effector cells in allergic inflammation. Inflamm Res 2009; 58:631-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Boyce JA, Broide D, Matsumoto K, Bochner BS. Advances in mechanisms of asthma, allergy, and immunology in 2008. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:569-74. [PMID: 19281904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes selected articles appearing in 2008 in the Journal. Articles chosen include those improving our understanding of mechanisms of allergic diseases by focusing on human basophil, mast cell, and eosinophil biology; IgE and its high-affinity receptor on various cells; novel properties of omalizumab; airways remodeling; and genetics. Articles from other journals have been included to supplement the topics presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Boyce
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA
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Akdis CA. New insights into mechanisms of immunoregulation in 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:700-709. [PMID: 19014761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Substantial progress in understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation in allergic diseases and asthma has been made during the last year. In asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis the immune system is activated by allergens, autoantigens, and components of superimposed infectious agents. Immune regulation in the lymphatic organs and in the tissue has an important role in the control and suppression of allergic disease in all stages of the inflammatory process, such as cell migration to tissues, cells gaining an inflammatory and tissue-destructive phenotype in the tissues, and their interaction with resident tissue cells to augment the inflammation. After the discovery of regulatory T cells, the importance of their unique suppressive capacity was strongly emphasized for the suppression of effector T-cell responses. However, it seems that all 3 subsets of effector T(H)1, T(H)2, and T(H)17 cells, as well as regulatory T cells, regulate each other at the level of transcription, major cytokines, and surface molecules. This review highlights key advances in immune regulation that were published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Davos, Switzerland.
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Shefler I, Mekori YA, Mor A. Stimulation of human mast cells by activated T cells leads to N-Ras activation through Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:1222-5. [PMID: 18760455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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