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Moustaki M, Loukou I, Tsabouri S, Douros K. The links between allergen exposure and sensitization in children and adolescents: an overview for the clinician. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:581-590. [PMID: 35502686 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2072297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The links between allergen exposure and sensitization are complex and depend not only on the type of allergen but on various genetic and environmental factors. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the link between allergen exposure and atopic sensitization for different types of allergens and the factors that mediate or affect this link. For the purposes of this review search of PubMed was undertaken to identify English language articles using the terms 'sensitization' and 'allergen exposure' and 'children/or adolescents.' EXPERT OPINION Regarding food sensitization, the available data for peanuts and eggs suggest that there is a window period between 4 and 6 months of age when the introduction of these foods may limit sensitization and clinically overt allergy to the respective foods. As far as it concerns aeroallergens, it seems that there is a complex and variable relationship between mite exposure and specific sensitization especially if the exposure occurs early in life. Early exposure to dog allergens does not seem to be associated with specific sensitization; regarding cats, the results are still inconsistent. Several factors may mediate the relationship between early exposure to allergens and the development of sensitization or clinical allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moustaki
- Cystic Fibrosis Department, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Loukou
- Cystic Fibrosis Department, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Tsabouri
- Child Health Department, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Douros
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Schoos AMM, Hansen BR, Stokholm J, Chawes BL, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H. Parent-specific effects on risk of developing allergic sensitization and asthma in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:915-921. [PMID: 32638472 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent's history of atopic traits increases the risk of the same traits in their children, but mother's history may confer an increased risk compared to father's history. OBJECTIVE To investigate parent-specific effects on risk of developing allergic sensitization and asthma in childhood. METHODS We included 685 parent-child trios from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010) cohort. Parent's asthma was assessed by structured interviews and child's asthma was diagnosed prospectively at regular visits to the COPSAC clinic until age 6. Specific IgE and total IgE levels were measured in parents and children by age 0.5, 1.5 and 6 years. Associations between parent and child disease traits were analyzed using general estimating equations model adjusted for breastfeeding and maternal smoking during 3rd trimester. RESULTS Maternal compared to paternal elevated specific IgE increased the child's risk of elevated specific IgE from 0-6 years: adjusted odds ratio (aOR)mother = 1.49 [1.09-2.03], P = .01 and aORfather = 1.32 [0.96-1.82], P = .08. Maternal elevated total IgE also increased the child's risk of elevated total IgE: adjusted relative risk (aOR)mother = 4.32 [1.51-10.8], P < .01, while a trend was observed for paternal total IgE: aORfather = 2.01 [0.76-4.82], P = .13. Individual time point analyses showed that the maternal effect was strongest in early life, whereas the parental effects were comparable by age 6. A similar parent-specific pattern was observed for the child's risk of asthma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The effect of mother's history of atopic traits on the child's risk of developing the same traits in early childhood was stronger than the effect from father's history, which was not evident before age 6. This suggests that maternal non-genetic factors seem to confer an added disease risk to the child, particularly in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Malby Schoos
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Britta Randi Hansen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Lund Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lee MT, Wu CC, Ou CY, Chang JC, Liu CA, Wang CL, Chuang H, Kuo HC, Hsu TY, Chen CP, Yang KD. A prospective birth cohort study of different risk factors for development of allergic diseases in offspring of non-atopic parents. Oncotarget 2017; 8:10858-10870. [PMID: 28086237 PMCID: PMC5355229 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Allergic diseases are thought to be inherited. Prevalence of allergic diseases has, however, increased dramatically in last decades, suggesting environmental causes for the development of allergic diseases. Objective: We studied risk factors associated with the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AS) in children of non-atopic parents in a subtropical country. Methods: In a birth cohort of 1,497 newborns, parents were prenatally enrolled and validated for allergic diseases by questionnaire, physician-verified and total or specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels; 1,236 and 756 children, respectively, completed their 3-year and 6-year follow-up. Clinical examination, questionnaire, and blood samples for total and specific IgE of the children were collected at each follow-up visit. Results: Prevalence of AD, AR and AS was, respectively, 8.2%, 30.8% and 12.4% in children of non-atopic parents. Prevalence of AR (p<.001) and AS (p=.018) was significantly higher in children of parents who were both atopic. A combination of Cesarean section (C/S) and breastfeeding for more than 1 month showed the highest risk for AD (OR=3.111, p=.006). Infants living in homes with curtains and no air filters had the highest risk for AR (OR=2.647, p<.001), and male infants of non-atopic parents living in homes without air filters had the highest risk for AS (OR=1.930, p=.039). Conclusions: Breastfeeding and C/S affect development of AD. Gender, use of curtains and/or air filters affect AR and AS, suggesting that control of the perinatal environment is necessary for the prevention of atopic diseases in children of non-atopic parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsung Lee
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Po-Jen Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Ou
- Department of Pediatrics, Po-Jen Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Chang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-An Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Po-Jen Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Po-Jen Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hau Chuang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yao Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Pein Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Kuender D Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei.,Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
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Stemeseder T, Klinglmayr E, Moser S, Lang R, Himly M, Oostingh GJ, Zumbach J, Bathke AC, Hawranek T, Gadermaier G. Influence of Intrinsic and Lifestyle Factors on the Development of IgE Sensitization. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 173:99-104. [PMID: 28654924 DOI: 10.1159/000475499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE sensitization is a prerequisite for the development of allergic symptoms. The investigation of factors influencing the development of IgE is therefore crucial for understanding the onset of allergic diseases. METHODS This epidemiological study investigated personal, intrinsic, and lifestyle factors in a nonselected cohort of 501 Austrian adolescents (aged 12-21 years). IgE levels to 112 allergen molecules were analyzed in the serum of participants using the ImmunoCAP ISAC®. Allergic sensitization, IgE levels to single allergens, and ISAC score sums were correlated with results obtained from a questionnaire. RESULTS In this adolescent cohort, male participants showed a higher sensitization frequency (56.8%) compared to females (50.9%) and significantly increased IgE levels to profilins. Underweight subjects demonstrated a stronger IgE sensitization. Family size inversely correlated with IgE levels to PR-10 allergens, and predominately paternal allergies were a predictive factor for IgE sensitization in the children. Vaccination, breastfeeding, and delivery mode showed no influence, while a highly protective effect was observed for growing up on a farm. Of all of the investigated lifestyle factors, only smoking significantly influenced the risk for IgE development. Participants with moderate frequencies of colds showed increased sensitization levels. CONCLUSION A hereditary predisposition and lifestyle factors such as a farming environment, smoking, family size, body weight, or frequency of colds significantly influenced the development of allergen-specific IgE in this cohort of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Stemeseder
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Yamazaki S, Shima M, Nakadate T, Ohara T, Omori T, Ono M, Sato T, Nitta H. Patterns of Sensitization to Inhalant Allergens in Japanese Lower-Grade Schoolchildren and Related Factors. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 167:253-63. [PMID: 26426799 DOI: 10.1159/000439534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study clarified sensitization patterns to house dust mite (HDM) and Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) in Japanese lower-grade schoolchildren. We also explored factors associated with allergic sensitization. METHODS This cross-sectional study used a database from the Study on Respiratory Disease and Automobile Exhaust (SORA), a Japanese health study project. The subjects comprised 8,815 pupils aged 6-9 years. We obtained the distribution of HDM- and JCP-specific IgE, respectively, as a marker of sensitization. To determine factors associated with sensitization, we used logistic regression and calculated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for the relative prevalence of sensitization. The cut-off point for specific IgE levels was 0.35 kU/l. RESULTS Sensitization to HDM and JCP was detected in 51 and 39% of subjects, respectively, occurring more often in boys and at older ages. In addition, AORs of sensitization to HDM/JCP were higher in subjects with a history of bronchitis, parental asthma, parental atopic eczema and parental pollinosis. In contrast, AORs for sensitization were lower in those subjected to maternal passive smoking as well as among boys with pets. AORs of sensitization to JCP alone were lower in those with a history of otitis media, those who had been bottle milk fed, and those who were not the firstborn and who lived near a busy road. CONCLUSION Sensitization to HDM and JCP was detected in 51 and 39% of lower-grade schoolchildren, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yamazaki
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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Zakzuk J, Acevedo N, Cifuentes L, Bornacelly A, Sánchez J, Ahumada V, Ring J, Ollert M, Caraballo L. Early life IgE responses in children living in the tropics: a prospective analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24:788-97. [PMID: 24299508 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few birth cohort studies analyzing IgE sensitization in the tropics. OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe the evolution of total IgE and specific IgE responses to house-dust mite (HDM) allergens and Ascaris in a birth cohort (Risk Factors for Asthma and Allergy in the Tropics, FRAAT), analyzing their relationships with wheezing. METHODS Total and specific IgE were measured by ImmunoCap in mothers and children at four different time points (S1-S4) between 0 and 42 months. Parasite infection was evaluated by stool examination. RESULTS Maternal total IgE (aOR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.09-5.43; p = 0.03) and socio-demographic factors were associated with high cord blood (CB) total IgE. High CB total IgE was positively associated with higher Blomia tropicalis and Ascaris-specific IgE values during lifetime, but protected from recurrent wheezing (aOR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.88, p = 0.03). Prevalence rates of IgE sensitization were high; at around 3 yr old, they were 33.3, 18.6, and 26.5% for B. tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Ascaris, respectively. Indicators of unhygienic conditions were risk factors for HDM and Ascaris sensitization in children. A weak statistical association between B. tropicalis-specific IgE and ever wheezing was found (aOR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.00-2.28, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In a socioeconomically deprived community from the tropics, sensitization to HDM allergens was very frequent at early life, especially to B. tropicalis. In contrast to expected according to the hygiene hypothesis, unhygienic/poverty conditions were risk factors for allergen sensitization. High CB total IgE levels were a risk factor for allergen sensitization but protected from recurrent wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Zakzuk
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia; Foundation for the Development of Medical and Biological Sciences (Fundemeb), Cartagena, Colombia
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Godava M, Vrtel R, Vodicka R. STAT6 - polymorphisms, haplotypes and epistasis in relation to atopy and asthma. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2013; 157:172-80. [PMID: 23752766 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2013.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND STAT6 has an important role in the IL-4 / IL-13 signalling pathway. Genome - wide association studies have shown that particular polymorphism (SNP) or haplotype variants of STAT6 as well as epigenetic gene modifications are associated with IgE level and asthma in childhood. METHODS A review of the available literature was performed to map out the function and signalling pathway of STAT6, studies of STAT6 SNPs association with susceptibility to asthma and atopy, covering the years 1997 - 2012 were summarized, and the value of epigenetic and epistatic influences on STAT6 and their relevance to the development of the studied phenotype (atopy or asthma) were determined. RESULTS There are 2 SNPs (rs71802646 and rs320411) with clinical association and proven functional effect on STAT6 expression. The effect of STAT6 SNPs cumulates in haplotypes and more potently during interaction with SNPs in the genes from the signalling pathway (IL4, IL4Ra, and IL13). Expression of STAT6 is also influenced by DNA methylation. Atopy is traditionally believed to be maternally inherited but there is one report about paternally overtransmitted STAT6 haplotype (TCA haplotype, built from rs324011, rs3024974 and rs4559 SNPs). CONCLUSIONS STAT6 polymorphisms and their combinations have an important influence on IgE level and development of asthma. However, the interaction between SNPs in the IL-4 / IL-13 signalling pathway is of greater impact. Hypermethylation of the STAT6 promoter is also significant in the regulation of STAT6 expression and this fact opens possibilities for targeting therapy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Godava
- Department of Medical Genetics and Fetal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Different implications of paternal and maternal atopy for perinatal IgE production and asthma development. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:132142. [PMID: 22272211 PMCID: PMC3261469 DOI: 10.1155/2012/132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a hereditary disease associated with IgE-mediated reaction. Whether maternal atopy and paternal atopy have different impacts on perinatal IgE production and asthma development remains unclear. This paper reviews and summarizes the effects of maternal and paternal atopy on the developmental aspects of IgE production and asthma. Maternal atopy affects both pre- and postnatal IgE production, whereas paternal atopy mainly affects the latter. Maternally transmitted genes GSTP1 and FceRI-beta are associated with lung function and allergic sensitization, respectively. In IgE production and asthma development, the maternal influence on gene-environment interaction is greater than paternal influence. Maternal, paternal, and/or postnatal environmental modulation of allergic responses have been linked to epigenetic mechanisms, which may be good targets for early prevention of asthma.
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Warm K, Backman H, Lindberg A, Lundbäck B, Rönmark E. Low incidence and high remission of allergic sensitization among adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:136-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Misiak RT, Wegienka G, Zoratti E. Are specific allergen sensitivities inherited? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2010; 10:336-9. [PMID: 20574668 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-010-0129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A family history of an allergic condition is a well-accepted risk factor for the development of an allergic condition in an individual, particularly for allergic disorders such as asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis. However, the question of whether specific allergen sensitization is inherited requires a complicated answer, as environmental exposure plays an important role in the development of allergen-specific IgE. This article summarizes the findings of recent studies in the literature regarding what is known about the inheritance of specific allergens. Overall, properly collected and analyzed data appear to both support and refute the hypothesis that specific allergen sensitization is inherited, even when attempting to account for the complexities of varying study methodologies and the evaluation of diverse populations and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Tawil Misiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health System, One Ford Place 4B, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Yang KD, Chang JC, Chuang H, Liang HM, Kuo HC, Lee YS, Hsu TY, Ou CY. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on IgE production in prenatal stage. Allergy 2010; 65:731-9. [PMID: 19968631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of allergic diseases in children has increased worldwide over the past decades. Allergy sensitization may occur in fetal life. This study investigated whether gene-gene and gene-environment interactions affected cord blood IgE (CBIgE) levels. METHODS A total of 575 cord blood DNA samples were subjected to a multiplex microarray for 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 159 allergy candidate genes. Genetic association was initially assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to identify gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Environmental factors for analysis included maternal atopy, paternal atopy, parental smoking, gender, and prematurity. RESULTS Twenty-one SNPs in 14 genes were associated with CBIgE elevation (>or =0.5 KU/l) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified eleven genes (IL13, IL17A, IL2RA, CCL17, CXCL1, PDGFRA, FGF1, HAVCR1, GNAQ, C11orf72, and ADAM33) which were significantly associated with CBIgE elevation. MDR analyses of gene-gene interactions identified IL13 interacted with IL17A and/or redox genes on CBIgE elevation with the prediction accuracy of 62.52%. Analyses of gene-environment interactions identified that maternal atopy combined with IL13, rs1800925 and CCL22, rs170359 SNPs had the highest prediction accuracy of 67.15%. All the high and low risk classifications on gene-gene and gene-environment interactions by MDR analyses could be validated by Chi-square test. CONCLUSIONS Gene-gene (e.g. immune and redox genes) and gene-environment (e.g. maternal atopy and FGF1or redox genes) interactions on IgE production begin in prenatal stage, suggesting that prevention of IgE-mediated diseases may be made possible by control of maternal atopy and redox responses in prenatal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, No. 123 Ta-Pei Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Rotsides DZ, Goldstein IF, Canfield SM, Perzanowski M, Mellins RB, Hoepner L, Ashby-Thompson M, Jacobson JS. Asthma, allergy, and IgE levels in NYC head start children. Respir Med 2009; 104:345-55. [PMID: 19913396 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among preschool-age children in New York City neighborhoods with high asthma hospitalization rates, we analyzed the associations of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE to common indoor allergens, and allergy symptoms with asthma. METHODS Parents of children in New York City Head Start programs were asked to complete a questionnaire covering demographic factors, health history (including respiratory conditions), lifestyle, and home environment. Children's serum samples were analyzed for total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to cockroach, dust mite, mouse, and cat allergens by immunoassay. Logistic regression was used to model the association between asthma and IgE, controlling for age, gender, ethnicity/national origin, BMI, parental asthma, smokers in the household, and allergy symptoms (e.g., runny nose, rash). RESULTS Among 453 participating children (mean age 4.0+/-0.5 years), 150 (33%) met our criteria for asthma. In our multivariable logistic regression models, children with asthma were more likely than other children to be sensitized to each allergen, to be sensitized to any of the four allergens (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.6), or to be in the highest quartile of total IgE (OR=3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.4). Allergy symptoms based on questionnaire responses were independently associated with asthma (OR=3.7, 95% CI 2.3-5.9). CONCLUSIONS Among preschool-aged urban children, asthma was associated with total IgE and sensitization to cat, mouse, cockroach, and dust mite allergens. However, allergy symptoms were more prevalent and more strongly associated with asthma than was any allergen-specific IgE; such symptoms may precede elevated specific IgE or represent a different pathway to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra Z Rotsides
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY 10032, New York, United States
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Chang JS, Buffler PA, Metayer C, Chokkalingam AP, Patoka J, Kronish D, Wiemels JL. Maternal immunoglobulin E and childhood leukemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2221-7. [PMID: 19622720 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood leukemia, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), has long been hypothesized to be affected by abnormal immune responses to microbial challenges stemming from a lack of immune modulation in early childhood. Studies of allergies suggest that a child's immune development may be modulated by maternal immune status. We conducted a study to explore the relationship between maternal immunoglobulin E (IgE) and childhood leukemia and to investigate whether maternal immune status can influence childhood leukemia risk. Serum total and specific IgE (respiratory and food) were measured in biological mothers of 352 children (193 healthy controls and 159 leukemia cases, including 139 ALL cases) ages <8 years who were enrolled in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study. Odds ratios associated with maternal IgE were calculated using unconditional logistic regression adjusted for child's age, sex, race/ethnicity, and annual household income. A positive association between childhood leukemia or ALL and elevated levels of maternal serum total IgE was observed, especially among Hispanics. In addition, a positive association was observed between childhood leukemia or ALL and maternal respiratory or food IgE status. These results suggest that maternal immune function may play a crucial role in the etiology of childhood leukemia, although additional studies need to be conducted to confirm the results of this study and provide a perspective on mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1215, USA.
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Misiak RT, Wegienka G, Havstad S, Ownby DR, Johnson CC, Zoratti EM. Specific allergic sensitization in parents and their 18-year-old offspring in the Suburban Detroit Childhood Allergy Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:1401-6.e2. [PMID: 19409605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic sensitization is increased among offspring of sensitized parents. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate whether 18-year-old offspring are likely to have the same allergic sensitizations as their parents. METHODS Eighteen-year-old participants in an unselected birth cohort and their parents were tested for total and increased (>0.35 kU/L) levels of allergen-specific IgE to 6 allergens: Dermatophagoides farinae, dog, cat, grass, ragweed, and Alternaria alternata. RESULTS In 316 parent-teen triads parental sensitization to any of 6 allergens was associated with teen sensitization to any of those same allergens. An increased risk of matched sensitization (ie, a teen has an increased risk of being sensitized to the same specific allergen as their parent) was found after adjusting for the spouse's sensitivities and adjusting for other allergens (ie, the parent had an allergic sensitization but not to the particular allergen under analysis). Risk of maternal matched sensitization with their teen to cat (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.5), grass (aOR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.2), and A alternata (aOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.5) was increased when compared with that seen in teens without parental allergen-specific sensitization. Similarly, a higher than expected risk of paternal matched sensitization with their teen to dog (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.9), D farinae (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4-5.1), and grass (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5-5.9) was observed. CONCLUSION Parental allergen-specific IgE increases the likelihood of sensitization to the same allergen in young adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Tawil Misiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Balossini V, Monzani A, Rapa A, Vivenza D, Caristo E, Oderda G. Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 in cord blood: relationship with paternal allergy and cesarean section. Acta Paediatr 2009; 98:812-6. [PMID: 19183122 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To measure Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in cord blood and assess their relationship with parental allergy and perinatal characteristics. METHODS In a neonatal care unit 212 consecutive full-term and appropriate for gestational age newborns were recruited. IL-10 and TGF-beta1 levels were determined in cord blood by high sensitivity ELISA. Perinatal characteristics, mode of delivery and presence of allergy in parents were recorded. RESULTS Out of 212 newborns, 136 were of non-allergic parents and 76 (35.8%) of one or both allergic parents. In newborns of allergic fathers median IL-10 levels tended to be lower (0.67 vs. 1.06 pg/mL, p = 0.07) and TGF-beta1 levels were significantly lower (40.9 vs. 45.3 ng/mL, p = 0.008) than in newborns of non-allergic parents. Multiple general regression analysis showed that presence of paternal allergy (beta=-0.19, p = 0.003) to be born by cesarean section (beta=-0.21, p = 0.03) and younger gestational age (beta= 0.14, p = 0.04) independently contributed to decrease TGF-beta1 levels (multiple R = 0.38, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Paternal allergy and cesarean section are associated to decreased TGF-beta1, which might be the mediator of the increased risk of atopy development. Cord blood IL-10 and TGF-beta1 levels of our newborn series could be used as reference values for further studies on these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Balossini
- Department of Paediatrics, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 9:177-84. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328329f9ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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