1
|
Wang Y, Qi H, Wang T, Zhang W, Shi X, Zhan Q, Li Q, Zhong M. STAT3 and STAT6 polymorphisms predict the severity of adverse reactions in Chinese NSCLC patients receiving EGFR-TKIs therapy. J Chemother 2024; 36:61-71. [PMID: 37151185 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2203610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A total of 162 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were divided into discovery (N = 68) and validation (N = 94) groups. Nine Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway-related single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected to explore the potential associations between genetic polymorphisms and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The TT genotype of STAT6 rs324011 was significantly associated with severe ADRs in the recessive genetic model (TT vs. CC + CT, OR = 13.5, 95% CI = 2.12-86.09, p = 0.006 in the discovery group; OR = 8.41, 95% CI = 1.95-36.19, p = 0.004 in the validation group). The T allele was associated with a higher incidence of severe ADRs than was the C allele of rs324011 (OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.46-9.19, p = 0.006 in the discovery group; OR = 3.17, 95% CI = 1.44-6.99, p = 0.004 in the validation group). Patients with the CC genotype in STAT3 rs1053023 (and rs1053005) or the TT genotype of STAT6 rs324011 were likely to experience severe epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) related ADRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Zhan
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
MacBeth M, Joetham A, Gelfand EW, Schedel M. Plasticity of Naturally Occurring Regulatory T Cells in Allergic Airway Disease Is Modulated by the Transcriptional Activity of Il-6. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094582. [PMID: 33925531 PMCID: PMC8123826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTregs) on the suppression or induction of lung allergic responses in mice depends on the nuclear environment and the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). These activities were shown to be different in nTregs derived from wild-type (WT) and CD8-deficient mice (CD8−/−), with increased IL-6 levels in nTregs from CD8−/− mice in comparison to WT nTregs. Thus, identification of the molecular mechanisms regulating IL-6 production is critical to understanding the phenotypic plasticity of nTregs. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) were performed to determine transcription factor binding to four Il-6 promoter loci using nuclear extracts from nTregs of WT and CD8−/− mice. Increased transcription factor binding for each of the Il-6 loci was identified in CD8−/− compared to WT nTregs. The impact of transcription factor binding and a novel short tandem repeat (STR) on Il-6 promoter activity was analyzed by luciferase reporter assays. The Il-6 promoter regions closer to the transcription start site (TSS) were more relevant to the regulation of Il-6 depending on NF-κB, c-Fos, and SP and USF family members. Two Il-6 promoter loci were most critical for the inducibility by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). A novel STR of variable length in the Il-6 promoter was identified with diverging prevalence in nTregs from WT or CD8−/− mice. The predominant GT repeat in CD8−/− nTregs revealed the highest luciferase activity. These novel regulatory mechanisms controlling the transcriptional regulation of the Il-6 promoter are proposed to contribute to nTregs plasticity and may be central to disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan MacBeth
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (M.M.); (A.J.); (E.W.G.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Anthony Joetham
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (M.M.); (A.J.); (E.W.G.)
| | - Erwin W. Gelfand
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (M.M.); (A.J.); (E.W.G.)
| | - Michaela Schedel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (M.M.); (A.J.); (E.W.G.)
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-82545
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laha A, Ghosh A, Moitra S, Saha I, Kumar Saha G, Bhattacharya S, Podder S. Association of the STAT6 rs3024974 (C/T) Polymorphism with IgE-Mediated Food Sensitization among West Bengal Population in India. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 181:200-210. [PMID: 31865311 DOI: 10.1159/000504575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic polymorphisms associated with IgE-mediated food sensitization have been a robust area of research for decades. A genome-wide search for susceptible loci regulating the IgE response (atopy) identified the candidate gene STAT6, which is important in the context of food allergic manifestations. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate the sensitization of West Bengal population against some common allergenic food items and to study the role of the STAT6 gene polymorphism in elevating food-specific IgE levels among sensitized individuals. METHODS Skin prick test was performed for 6 food items among 501 patients (126 children, 85 adolescents, and 290 adults)from West Bengal, India. Among them, 165 patients were selected for measurement of total IgE and food-specific IgE levels along with 165 controls. Finally, the STAT6 (rs3024974 (C/T) polymorphism was genotyped in 139 cases and control subjects. RESULTS Shrimp was identified as a dominant food allergen in adolescents and adults, whereas milk sensitization was highest in children. Food-sensitized patients with onset during childhood had significantly higher total IgE levels compared to patients with onset during adulthood (p < 0.00001). The frequency of the rs3024974 CC genotype in both cases and control subjects (55.40 and 46.76%, respectively) was higher than that of CT or TT. Patients with childhood onset bearing the CC genotype had significantly higher specific IgE levels in comparison to those with adult onset (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Food sensitization has a genetic background and the rs3024974 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility and reaction severity in food-sensitized patients in West Bengal population in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Laha
- Allergology and Applied Entomology Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Government College, Kolkata, India
| | - Amlan Ghosh
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ishita Saha
- Department of Physiology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Srijit Bhattacharya
- Postgraduate Department of Physics, Barasat Government College, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjoy Podder
- Allergology and Applied Entomology Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Government College, Kolkata, India,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
CYP2C19 and STAT6 Variants Influence the Outcome of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:581-587. [PMID: 31490856 PMCID: PMC6855320 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE); however, only 30% to 60% of patients respond. Common genetic variants in CYP2C19 and STAT6 associate with PPI plasma concentration and magnitude of inflammatory response, respectively. Our objective was to determine if genetic variation in the genes for CYP2C19 and STAT6 influence differentiation between PPI responsive esophageal eosinophilia versus PPI nonresponsive EoE (PPI-REE, PPI-nonresponsive EoE). METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from 92 esophageal tissue biopsies collected from participants of a prospective clinical trial of high-dose PPI therapy for esophageal eosinophilia in children. RESULTS Of the 92 patients examined, 57 (62%) were PPI-REE and 35 (38%) were PPI-nonresponsive EoE. Forty-six of the 92 patients were further characterized by pH probe monitoring; there was no association between reflux index and carriage of CYP2C1917 (P = 0.35). In children who received a PPI dose between ≥1.54 and ≤2.05 mg/kg/day, binary logistic regression modeling showed that carriage of CYP2C1917 associated with PPI-nonresponsive EoE (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 7.71 [1.21, 49.11], P = 0.031). Carriage of STAT6 allelic variant rs1059513 predicts PPI-REE (OR [95% CI] = 6.16 [1.44, 26.4], P = 0.028), whereas carriage of STAT6 rs324011 synergizes with CYP2C1917 to predict PPI-nonresponsive EoE (rs324011 OR [95% CI] = 5.56 [1.33, 20.72], P = 0.022; CYP2C1917 OR [95% CI] = 8.19[1.42, 50.57], P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Common variants in CYP2C19 and STAT6 associate with a PPI-nonresponsive EoE outcome of PPI therapy for esophageal eosinophilia suggesting that response rates may be improved by adopting a genotype-guided approach to PPI dosing.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen CH, Lee YL, Wu MH, Chen PJ, Wei TS, Chen PC, Tseng CI, Chen WJ. Sex-moderated interactions between IL4/IL13 pathway genes and prenatal environment on cord blood IgE levels. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1128-1138. [PMID: 31102481 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated cord blood IgE (cIgE), a predictor of atopic diseases, is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. However, gene-environment interactions on cIgE elevation and their difference by sex remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether there are sex-moderated interactions between genetic variants in the IL4/IL13 pathway and prenatal environments on cIgE elevation. METHODS Comprehensive information on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), home dampness (indexed by combining mildewy odour, visible mould and water stamp on the wall) and other household environments was obtained using a structured questionnaire during the third trimester of pregnancy in 1107 full-term newborns. The cord blood was collected for measuring cIgE levels, with elevation defined as ≥0.5 IU/mL, and for genotyping of five single nucleotide polymorphisms of three candidate genes (IL-13 rs1800925, rs20541, rs848, IL-4 rs2243250 and STAT6 rs324011). RESULTS Gene-environment interactions on cIgE elevation were observed in male but not female newborns, including those between ETS and IL13 rs20541, between home dampness and STAT6 rs324011, and between composite environmental exposure (combined ETS and the three home dampness indices) and STAT6 rs324011 (P for interaction = 0.03, 0.006, and 0.001, respectively). Male newborns carrying STAT6 rs324011 CT or TT genotype manifested with a significant dose-response association of the composite environmental exposure with cIgE elevation. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sex moderates the gene-environment interactions involving IL4/IL13 pathway genes and prenatal household environments on cIgE elevation. The absence of prenatal exposure to ETS and home dampness in male neonates carrying the STAT6 rs324011 CT or TT genotype is least likely associated with cIgE elevation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsun Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Shan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ing Tseng
- Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gelfand EW, Schedel M. Molecular Endotypes Contribute to the Heterogeneity of Asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2018; 38:655-665. [PMID: 30342586 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of asthma is commonly implemented based on clinical assessment. Although these nonmolecular biomarkers have been useful, limited resolution of the heterogeneity among asthmatic patients and little information regarding the underlying pathobiology of disease in individuals have been provided. Molecular endotying using global transcriptome expression profiling associated with clinical features of asthma has improved our understanding of disease mechanisms, risk assessment of asthma exacerbations, and treatment responses, especially in patients with type 2 inflammation. Further advances in establishing pathobiological subgroups, bioactive pathways, and true disease endotypes hold potential for a more personalized medical approach in asthmatic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Michaela Schedel
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Omori N, Watanabe M, Inoue N, Taniguchi J, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y. Association of the polymorphisms in Th2 chemotaxis-related genes with the development and prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Endocr J 2018; 65:815-826. [PMID: 29848886 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is difficult to predict. Th2 cells suppress the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, which are associated with the prognosis of AITD. However, there are few reports as to whether Th2 chemotaxis-related genes, such as CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells), IL-25, TARC/CCL17 (Thymus and activation regulated chemokine/chemokine ligand 17) or STAT6 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6), affect the pathology of and/or susceptibility to AITD. Therefore, in this study, we genotyped functional SNPs in these genes to clarify the association of the genetic differences of genes related to Th2 differentiation and chemotaxis with the development and the prognosis of AITDs. The frequencies of the AA genotype of the CRTH2 rs545659 SNP and the CC genotype and the C allele of the CRTH2 rs634681 SNP were higher in patients with severe HD than in patients with mild HD. The frequency of the CC genotype in the TARC rs223828 SNP was higher in patients with intractable GD than in patients with GD in remission. In conclusion, the CRTH2 rs545659 and rs634681 SNPs were associated with the severity of HD, and the TARC/CCL17 rs223828 SNP was associated with the intractability of GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Omori
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoya Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junpei Taniguchi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoh Hidaka
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iwatani
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schröder PC, Illi S, Casaca VI, Lluis A, Böck A, Roduit C, Depner M, Frei R, Genuneit J, Pfefferle PI, Roponen M, Weber J, Braun-Fahrländer C, Riedler J, Dalphin J, Pekkanen J, Lauener R, von Mutius E, Schaub B. A switch in regulatory T cells through farm exposure during immune maturation in childhood. Allergy 2017; 72:604-615. [PMID: 27732759 DOI: 10.1111/all.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farm exposure protects against development of allergies early in life. At 4.5 years, protection against asthma by farm-milk exposure was partially mediated by regulatory T cells (Tregs). The aim of this study was to investigate the critical time window of the 'asthma-protective' farm effect via Tregs during childhood immune maturation. METHODS Tregs were assessed longitudinally at 4.5 and 6 years in 111 children (56 farm and 55 reference children) from the PASTURE/EFRAIM birth cohort (flow cytometry). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured unstimulated (U), with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin (PI) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and stained for Tregs (CD4+ CD25high FOXP3upper20% ). mRNA expression of Treg/Th1/Th2/Th17-associated cell markers was measured ex vivo. Suppressive capacity of Tregs on effector cells and cytokines was assessed. Detailed questionnaires assessing farm exposures and clinical phenotypes from birth until age 6 years were answered by the parents. RESULTS Treg percentage before and after stimulation and FOXP3mRNA expression ex vivo decreased from age 4.5 to 6 years (P(U,LPS) < 0.001; P(PI) = 0.051; P(FOXP3) < 0.001). High vs low farm-milk and animal-stable exposure was associated with decreased LPS-stimulated Treg percentage at age 6 years (P(LPS) = 0.045). Elevated LPS-stimulated-Treg percentage at age 6 was associated with increased risk of asthma (aOR = 11.29, CI: 0.96-132.28, P = 0.053). Tregs from asthmatics vs nonasthmatics suppressed IFN-γ (P = 0.015) and IL-9 (P = 0.023) less efficiently. mRNA expression of Th1/Th2/Th17-associated cell markers decreased between 4.5 and 6 years (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Tregs at the age of 6 years were decreased with farm exposure and increased within asthmatics, opposite to age 4.5 years. This immunological switch defines a critical 'time window' for Treg-mediated asthma protection via environmental exposure before age 6 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Schröder
- LMU Munich; University Children's Hospital; Munich Germany
| | - S. Illi
- LMU Munich; University Children's Hospital; Munich Germany
| | - V. I. Casaca
- LMU Munich; University Children's Hospital; Munich Germany
| | - A. Lluis
- National Jewish Health; Denver CO USA
| | - A. Böck
- LMU Munich; University Children's Hospital; Munich Germany
| | - C. Roduit
- Children's Hospital; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE); Davos Switzerland
| | - M. Depner
- LMU Munich; University Children's Hospital; Munich Germany
| | - R. Frei
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE); Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
| | - J. Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - P. I. Pfefferle
- Comprehensive Biomaterial Bank Marburg CBBM; Fachbereich Medizin der Philipps Universität Marburg; Zentrum für Tumor und Immunbiologie ZTI; Marburg Germany
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - M. Roponen
- Department of Environmental Science; Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - J. Weber
- LMU Munich; University Children's Hospital; Munich Germany
| | - C. Braun-Fahrländer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - J. Riedler
- Children's Hospital Schwarzach; Schwarzach Austria
- Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical Private University Salzburg; Salzburg Austria
| | - J.C. Dalphin
- Department of Respiratory Disease; University Hospital; University of Besançon; Besançon France
| | - J. Pekkanen
- Department of Health Protection; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Public Health; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - R. Lauener
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE); Davos Switzerland
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland; St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - E. von Mutius
- LMU Munich; University Children's Hospital; Munich Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich (CPC-M); German Centre for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - B. Schaub
- LMU Munich; University Children's Hospital; Munich Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich (CPC-M); German Centre for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee YL, Yen JJY, Hsu LC, Kuo NW, Su MW, Yang MF, Hsiao YP, Wang IJ, Liu FT. Association of STAT6 genetic variants with childhood atopic dermatitis in Taiwanese population. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:222-8. [PMID: 26048407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the single most common allergic disease in children. STAT6 has been noted as a hub molecule in IL-4 mediated response and AD pathogenesis. However, the association between STAT6 genetic variants and childhood AD has never been thoroughly examined. OBJECTIVE We investigate the association between STAT6 genetic variants and childhood AD risk in Taiwanese population. METHODS We used data from the Han Chinese in Beijing genome panel of International HapMap Project and the Taiwan Children Health Study cohort to investigate the association of STAT6 genetic variants and childhood AD risks. Four tagged SNPs were selected from HapMap database and rs324011 was most significantly associated with childhood AD. Subsequently, deep sequencing around rs324011 and unconditional/conditional logistic models were applied. RESULTS rs324011 showed statistical significance for the occurrence of childhood AD (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01-1.51) and rs167769 showed borderline statistical significance (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.99-1.49). Likelihood ratio tests revealed that haplotypes (rs167769/rs324011) were associated with childhood AD (global p=0.0018). T alleles of two STAT6 intron2 SNPs, rs324011 and rs167769, increased STAT6 promoter activity significantly in luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSION T allele of rs324011 in STAT6 would increase the risk of AD occurrence in children. Haplotypes of rs324011/rs167769 were also significantly associated with childhood AD in Taiwanese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Li-Chung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Su
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fong Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Berenguer AG, Fernandes AT, Oliveira S, Rodrigues M, Ornelas P, Romeira D, Serrão T, Rosa A, Câmara R. Genetic polymorphisms and asthma: findings from a case-control study in the Madeira island population. Biol Res 2014; 47:40. [PMID: 25299150 PMCID: PMC4167518 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex disease influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. While Madeira has the highest prevalence of asthma in Portugal (14.6%), the effect of both genetic and environmental factors in this population has never been assessed. We categorized 98 asthma patients according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, established their sensitization profile, and measured their forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) indexes. Selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed as potential markers for asthma susceptibility and severity in the interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 13 (IL13), beta-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), a disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 (ADAM33), gasdermin-like (GSDML) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) genes comparatively to a population reference set. RESULTS Although mites are the major source of allergic sensitization, no significant difference was found amongst asthma severity categories. IL4-590*CT/TT and IL4-RP2*253183/183183 were found to predict the risk (2-fold) and severity (3 to 4-fold) of asthma and were associated with a lower FEV1 index. ADRB2-c.16*AG is a risk factor (3.5-fold), while genotype GSDML-236*TT was protective (4-fold) for moderate-severe asthma. ADAM33-V4*C was associated to asthma and mild asthma by the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Finally, ADAM33-V4*CC and STAT6-21*TT were associated with higher sensitization (mean wheal size ≥10 mm) to house dust (1.4-fold) and storage mite (7.8-fold). CONCLUSION In Madeira, IL4-590C/T, IL4-RP2 253/183, GSDML-236C/T and ADAM33-V4C/G SNPs are important risk factors for asthma susceptibility and severity, with implications for asthma healthcare management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Gonçalves Berenguer
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Madeira, Funchal, 9000-390, Portugal.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, PL 4500, Oulu, 90014, Finland.
| | | | - Susana Oliveira
- Immunoalergology Unit, Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital, SESARAM, E.P.E, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Rodrigues
- Unit of Statistics, Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital, SESARAM, E.P.E, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Ornelas
- Immunoalergology Unit, Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital, SESARAM, E.P.E, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Diogo Romeira
- Immunoalergology Unit, Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital, SESARAM, E.P.E, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Serrão
- Immunoalergology Unit, Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital, SESARAM, E.P.E, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Rosa
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Madeira, Funchal, 9000-390, Portugal.
- Medical Sciences Unit, Center of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Funchal, 9000-390, Portugal.
| | - Rita Câmara
- Immunoalergology Unit, Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital, SESARAM, E.P.E, Funchal, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sharma V, Michel S, Gaertner V, Franke A, Vogelberg C, von Berg A, Bufe A, Heinzmann A, Laub O, Rietschel E, Simma B, Frischer T, Genuneit J, Zeilinger S, Illig T, Schedel M, Potaczek DP, Kabesch M. Fine-mapping of IgE-associated loci 1q23, 5q31, and 12q13 using 1000 Genomes Project data. Allergy 2014; 69:1077-84. [PMID: 24930997 DOI: 10.1111/all.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) repeatedly identified 1q23 (FCER1A), 5q31 (RAD50-IL13 and IL4), and 12q13 (STAT6) as major susceptibility loci influencing the regulation of total serum IgE levels. As GWAS may be insufficient to capture causal variants, we performed fine-mapping and re-genotyping of the three loci using 1000 Genomes Project datasets. METHODS Linkage disequilibrium tagging polymorphisms and polymorphisms of putative functional relevance were genotyped by chip technology (24 polymorphisms) or MALDI-TOF-MS (40 polymorphisms) in at least 1303 German children (651 asthmatics). The effect of polymorphisms on total serum IgE, IgE percentiles, and atopic diseases was assessed, and a risk score model was applied for gene-by-gene interaction analyses. Functional effects of putative causal variants from these three loci were studied in silico. RESULTS Associations from GWAS were confirmed and extended. For 1q23 and 5q31, the majority of associations were found with mild to moderately elevated IgE levels, while in the 12q13 locus, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with strongly elevated IgE levels. Gene-by-gene interaction analyses suggested that the presence of mutations in all three loci increases the risk for elevated IgE up to fourfold. CONCLUSION This fine-mapping study confirmed previous associations and identified novel associations of SNPs in 1q23, 5q31, and 12q13 with different levels of serum IgE and their concomitant contribution to IgE regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sharma
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - S. Michel
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy; University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO); Regensburg Germany
| | - V. Gaertner
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy; University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO); Regensburg Germany
| | - A. Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - C. Vogelberg
- University Children's Hospital; Technical University Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - A. von Berg
- Children's Department; Research Institute for the Prevention of Allergic Diseases; Marien-Hospital; Wesel Germany
| | - A. Bufe
- Department of Experimental Pneumology; Ruhr-University; Bochum Germany
| | - A. Heinzmann
- University Children's Hospital; Albert Ludwigs University; Freiburg Germany
| | - O. Laub
- Kinder-und Jugendarztpraxis Laub; Rosenheim Germany
| | - E. Rietschel
- University Children's Hospital; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - B. Simma
- Children's Department; University Teaching Hospital; Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch; Feldkirch Austria
| | - T. Frischer
- University Children's Hospital Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - J. Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - S. Zeilinger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology; Helmholtz Zentrum Munich; Neuherberg Germany
| | - T. Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology; Helmholtz Zentrum Munich; Neuherberg Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - M. Schedel
- Division of Cell Biology; Department of Pediatrics; National Jewish Health; Denver CO USA
| | - D. P. Potaczek
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - M. Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy; University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO); Regensburg Germany
- German Lung Research Center (DZL)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li J, Lin LH, Wang J, Peng X, Dai HR, Xiao H, Li F, Wang YP, Yang ZJ, Li L. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 pathway genetics affect disease susceptibility, serum immunoglobulin E levels, and gene expression in asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 113:173-179.e1. [PMID: 24980391 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common immune disorder characterized by increased IgE levels. The interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 pathway is central for IgE regulation, and previous studies have reported many genetic variants of IL-4/IL-13 signaling in relation to asthma, but few have focused on the gene-to-gene interactions that are likely to contribute to disease complexity. OBJECTIVE To assess the combined effects of 7 functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on asthma susceptibility, total serum IgE levels, and gene expression in children. METHODS Seven SNPs (rs2243250, rs1800925, rs1805010, rs324011, rs2251746, rs2494262, and rs2427837) were genotyped children with asthma (n = 500) and a control group (n = 523), and total serum IgE levels and gene expressions were measured in children with asthma. RESULTS Children with asthma had a likelier possibility of carrying more risk genotypes. Mean IgE levels increased from the minimum of 71.07 KU/L in children with no tested polymorphisms to a maximum of 901.7 KU/L in children carrying 7 risk genotypes. Gene expression analysis showed that patients with 4 SNPs (rs2243250, rs1800925, rs1805010, and rs3224011) had higher expression levels of IL-4, IL-13, and STAT6. Moreover, serum IgE level generally correlated well with IL-4 (r = 0.236, P = .011) and IL-13 (r = 0.211, P = .021) expressions; IL-4 expression correlated positively with IL-13 (r = 0.962, P = .000) and STAT6 (r = 0.190, P = .022) expressions, and STAT6 expression correlated with IL-4RA expression (r = 0.904, P = .000). CONCLUSION These data suggest that combinations of multiple SNPs might magnify the impact on disease risk. Only a combined analysis of the variants in the IL-4/IL-13 pathway could show the functional interplay of multiple genes in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-hui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-rong Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-ping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-jun Yang
- Shanghai Fosun Med-Tech Development Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al-Muhsen S, Vazquez-Tello A, Jamhawi A, Al-Jahdali H, Bahammam A, Al Saadi M, Iqbal SM, Alfrayh A, Afzal S, Al-Khamis N, Halwani R. Association of the STAT-6 rs324011 (C2892T) variant but not rs324015 (G2964A), with atopic asthma in a Saudi Arabian population. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:791-5. [PMID: 24912007 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) transduces signals in response to IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine stimulations, resulting in many cell-specific responses. Some common STAT6 SNPs were associated with asthma predisposition and/or IgE levels, although discrepancies have also been reported. OBJECTIVE To determine whether STAT6 rs324011 and rs324015 polymorphisms are associated with atopic asthma in Saudi Arabian patients. METHODS A total of 536 Saudi individuals aged 11-70years old (230 atopic asthmatics, 306 healthy subjects) were recruited. DNA was purified from peripheral blood and genotyping for rs324011 and rs324015 polymorphisms was performed by PCR amplification, followed by cycle sequencing of the purified PCR fragments using BigDye chain terminator and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS By the contrast of alleles tests, no significant differences between asthma and healthy groups were detected for both variants (rs324011: X(2)=0.25, Pearson's P-value=0.617; rs324015: X(2)=0.068, Pearson's P=0.814).When testing for genotypes, rs324011 homozygous T/T genotype was significantly associated with asthma, when the Recessive model is considered (T/T vs. C/C+C/T) (adjusted, OR=2.49, 95% CI=1.18-5.25, Pearson's P=0.014(∗), Yates' P=0.022(∗)). In contrast, rs324015 variant was not significantly associated with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Rs324011 homozygous T/T genotype was significantly associated with asthma risk whereas rs324015 genotypes were not in the Saudi population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Al-Muhsen
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alejandro Vazquez-Tello
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Jamhawi
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Bahammam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslim Al Saadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaikh Mohammed Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alfrayh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sibtain Afzal
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Al-Khamis
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Z, Guan YQ, Liu JM. The role of STAT-6 as a key transcription regulator in HeLa cell death induced by IFN-γ/TNF-α co-immobilized on nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5016-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
15
|
Gusareva ES, Kurey I, Grekov I, Lipoldová M. Genetic regulation of immunoglobulin E level in different pathological states: integration of mouse and human genetics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 89:375-405. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S. Gusareva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Iryna Kurey
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Igor Grekov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Casaca VI, Illi S, Klucker E, Ballenberger N, Schedel M, von Mutius E, Kabesch M, Schaub B. STAT6 polymorphisms are associated with neonatal regulatory T cells and cytokines and atopic diseases at 3 years. Allergy 2013; 68:1249-58. [PMID: 24053457 DOI: 10.1111/all.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor STAT6 is crucial for activation of the interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 pathway and has been linked to regulatory T cells (Tregs). Associations of STAT6 polymorphisms with IgE levels were described; however, their impact on neonatal immune responses and early disease development is unknown. METHODS STAT6 polymorphisms were genotyped in cord blood mononuclear cells by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Gene expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cytokines by Multiplex. At age 3 years, atopic diseases were assessed by questionnaires. RESULTS STAT6 rs324011 but not rs1059513 polymorphism was associated with significant or borderline significant decreased mRNA expression of Treg-associated genes (FOXP3, GITR, LAG3). Heterozygotes and minor allele homozygotes of rs324011 had low levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and increased interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (P ≤ 0.04), while heterozygotes and minor allele homozygotes of rs1059513 had increased TNF-α and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (P ≤ 0.05). In minor allele homozygotes of rs324011, expression of Treg-associated genes was strongly inverse correlated with IFN-γ (unstimulated, r = -0.7, P = 0.111; LpA stimulation, r = -0.8, P = 0.011), but not in heterozygotes or major allele homozygotes. Heterozygotes and minor allele homozygotes of rs324011 presented a lower risk of atopic dermatitis and obstructive bronchitis until age 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Two STAT6 polymorphisms were associated with altered immune responses already at birth. STAT6 rs324011 was associated with lower neonatal Treg and increased Th1 response. Those neonates had a lower risk of atopic dermatitis and obstructive bronchitis until 3 years. Our data suggest a role for STAT6 polymorphisms in early immune regulation and implications on early atopic disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. I. Casaca
- Department of Pulmonary & Allergy; University Children's Hospital Munich; LMU Munich; Munich; Germany
| | - S. Illi
- Department of Pulmonary & Allergy; University Children's Hospital Munich; LMU Munich; Munich; Germany
| | - E. Klucker
- Department of Pulmonary & Allergy; University Children's Hospital Munich; LMU Munich; Munich; Germany
| | - N. Ballenberger
- Department of Pulmonary & Allergy; University Children's Hospital Munich; LMU Munich; Munich; Germany
| | - M. Schedel
- Department of Pediatrics; National Jewish Health; Denver; CO; USA
| | - E. von Mutius
- Department of Pulmonary & Allergy; University Children's Hospital Munich; LMU Munich; Munich; Germany
| | - M. Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology & Allergy; University Children's Hospital Eastern Bavaria (KUNO); University of Regensburg; Regensburg; Germany
| | - B. Schaub
- Department of Pulmonary & Allergy; University Children's Hospital Munich; LMU Munich; Munich; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anderson WH, Koshy BT, Huang L, Mosteller M, Stinnett SW, Condreay LD, Ortega H. Genetic analysis of asthma exacerbations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 110:416-422.e2. [PMID: 23706709 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying genetic markers of susceptibility to exacerbations may improve patient management, decrease morbidity, and lead to drug development. OBJECTIVES To assess whether genetic markers associated with severe asthma exacerbations in previous reports are associated with less severe events that do not require intensive care and intubation and to identify additional markers in candidate genes and throughout the genome. METHODS A total of 199 patients and 502 controls (individuals without an exacerbation) were identified from 4 clinical trials. We genotyped 51 markers from 17 genes previously reported to be associated with exacerbations; a whole genome scan was used to identify additional markers. Admixture analysis was conducted to characterize the presence of ancestral groups. The genetic marker effects were assessed by logistic regression for each study followed by a meta-analysis. RESULTS Several coding variants in the IL4R gene had a genetic effect across 3 studies, including rs1805011 in IL4R (P < .0006). In addition, 3 markers in the IFNB1 gene showed evidence of association (P < .002) but only in the study with African Americans. Because these markers did not meet the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted significance level of P = .0002, we were unable to confirm previously published results for less severe events. The whole genome scan identified genes related to mast cell mediator release. The admixture analysis suggests that ancestry was best characterized by the presence of 3 ancestral groups. CONCLUSION We were unable to confirm previously reported associations of genetic markers with asthma exacerbations. Although, in general, the patients studied had less severe asthma than patients in earlier reports, these results suggest involvement of similar pathways. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: NTC00452699, NCT00452348, NTC00102765, NCT00843193.
Collapse
|
18
|
Godava M, Vrtel R, Vodicka R. STAT6 - polymorphisms, haplotypes and epistasis in relation to atopy and asthma. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2013; 157:172-80. [PMID: 23752766 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2013.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND STAT6 has an important role in the IL-4 / IL-13 signalling pathway. Genome - wide association studies have shown that particular polymorphism (SNP) or haplotype variants of STAT6 as well as epigenetic gene modifications are associated with IgE level and asthma in childhood. METHODS A review of the available literature was performed to map out the function and signalling pathway of STAT6, studies of STAT6 SNPs association with susceptibility to asthma and atopy, covering the years 1997 - 2012 were summarized, and the value of epigenetic and epistatic influences on STAT6 and their relevance to the development of the studied phenotype (atopy or asthma) were determined. RESULTS There are 2 SNPs (rs71802646 and rs320411) with clinical association and proven functional effect on STAT6 expression. The effect of STAT6 SNPs cumulates in haplotypes and more potently during interaction with SNPs in the genes from the signalling pathway (IL4, IL4Ra, and IL13). Expression of STAT6 is also influenced by DNA methylation. Atopy is traditionally believed to be maternally inherited but there is one report about paternally overtransmitted STAT6 haplotype (TCA haplotype, built from rs324011, rs3024974 and rs4559 SNPs). CONCLUSIONS STAT6 polymorphisms and their combinations have an important influence on IgE level and development of asthma. However, the interaction between SNPs in the IL-4 / IL-13 signalling pathway is of greater impact. Hypermethylation of the STAT6 promoter is also significant in the regulation of STAT6 expression and this fact opens possibilities for targeting therapy in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Godava
- Department of Medical Genetics and Fetal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pandey RC, Michel S, Schieck M, Binia A, Liang L, Klopp N, Franke A, von Berg A, Bufe A, Rietschel E, Heinzmann A, Laub O, Simma B, Frischer T, Genuneit J, Illig T, Kabesch M. Polymorphisms in extracellular signal-regulated kinase family influence genetic susceptibility to asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:1245-7. [PMID: 23384682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
20
|
Potaczek DP, Kabesch M. Current concepts of IgE regulation and impact of genetic determinants. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:852-71. [PMID: 22909159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated immune responses seem to be directed against parasites and neoplasms, but are best known for their involvement in allergies. The IgE network is tightly controlled at different levels as outlined in this review. Genetic determinants were suspected to influence IgE regulation and IgE levels considerably for many years. Linkage and candidate gene studies suggested a number of loci and genes to correlate with total serum IgE levels, and recently genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provided the power to identify genetic determinants for total serum IgE levels: 1q23 (FCER1A), 5q31 (RAD50, IL13, IL4), 12q13 (STAT6), 6p21.3 (HLA-DRB1) and 16p12 (IL4R, IL21R). In this review, we analyse the potential role of these GWAS hits in the IgE network and suggest mechanisms of how genes and genetic variants in these loci may influence IgE regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P Potaczek
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Godava M, Kopriva F, Bohmova J, Vodicka R, Dusek L, Cvanova M, Muzik J, Markova M, Schneiderova E, Vrtel R. Association of STAT6 and ADAM33 single nucleotide polymorphisms with asthma bronchiale and IgE level and its possible epigenetic background. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 156:236-47. [PMID: 22660217 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAM33 and STAT6 belong to the candidate genes that have been commonly associated with asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness or IgE levels. Our objective was to assess the association of 11 SNPs of the ADAM33 and 6 of the STAT6 and their haplotypes with IgE levels and asthma. We also evaluated the possible role of parental origin of haplotypes on IgE levels. METHODS We enrolled 109 children with asthma and 45 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan probes and confirmed by sequencing. Haplotype construction was based on the knowledge of parental genotypes and also inferred by using the EM algorithm and Bayes' theorem. RESULTS None of the SNPs were associated with elevated IgE level or asthma. We found that the most frequent STAT6 haplotype ATTCAA (built from rs324012, rs324011, rs841718, rs3024974, rs3024974, rs4559 SNPs, respectively) was associated with elevated total IgE levels (P=0.01) and this haplotype was predominantly transmitted paternally (P<0.001). We compared our results with those of studies performed on German and Australian Caucasian populations and found that rs324011, rs3024974 and rs4559 SNPs in STAT6 should have a major effect on IgE levels. Therefore, we suggest the TCA haplotype alone (built from rs324011, rs3024974 and rs4559 SNPs, respectively) in STAT6 is associated with total IgE elevation. CONCLUSIONS The influence of paternal origin of the STAT6 haplotype on IgE levels is surprising but the exact role of possible paternal imprinting in STAT6 regulation should be investigated and confirmed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Godava
- Department of Medical Genetics and Fetal Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
TBX21 and HLX1 polymorphisms influence cytokine secretion at birth. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31069. [PMID: 22303482 PMCID: PMC3268767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TBX21 (T cell specific T-box transcription factor) and HLX1 (H.20-like homeobox 1) are crucial transcription factors of T(H)1-cells, inducing their differentiation and suppressing T(H)2 commitment, particularly important for early life immune development. This study investigated the influence of TBX21 and HLX1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which have previously been shown to be associated with asthma, on T(H)1/T(H)2 lineage cytokines at birth. METHODS AND FINDINGS Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) of 200 neonates were genotyped for two TBX21 and three HLX1 SNPs. CBMCs were stimulated with innate (Lipid A, LpA; Peptidoglycan, Ppg), adaptive stimuli (house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1, Derp1) or mitogen (phytohemagglutinin, PHA). Cytokines, T-cells and mRNA expression of T(H)1/T(H)2-related genes were assessed. Atopic diseases during the first 3 years of life were assessed by questionnaire answered by the parents. Carriers of TBX21 promoter SNP rs17250932 and HLX1 promoter SNP rs2738751 showed reduced or trendwise reduced (p≤0.07) IL-5, IL-13 and TNF-α secretion after LpA-stimulation. Carriers of HLX1 SNP rs2738751 had lower IL-13 levels following Ppg-stimulation (p = 0.08). Carriers of HLX1 exon 1 SNP rs12141189 showed increased IL-5 (LpA, p = 0.007; Ppg, p = 0.10), trendwise increased IL-13 (LpA), higher GM-CSF (LpA/Ppg, p≤0.05) and trendwise decreased IFN-γ secretion (Derp1+LpA-stimulation, p = 0.1). Homozygous carriers of HLX1 promoter SNP rs3806325 showed increased IL-13 and IL-6 (unstimulated, p≤0.03). In carriers of TBX21 intron 3 SNP rs11079788 no differences in cytokine secretion were observed. mRNA expression of T(H)1/T(H)2-related genes partly correlated with cytokines at protein level. TBX21 SNP rs11079788 carriers developed less symptoms of atopic dermatitis at 3 years of age (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in TBX21 and HLX1 influenced primarily IL-5 and IL-13 secretion after LpA-stimulation in cord blood suggesting that genetic variations in the transcription factors essential for the T(H)1-pathway may contribute to modified T(H)2-immune responses already early in life. Further follow-up of the cohort is required to study the polymorphisms' relevance for immune-mediated diseases such as childhood asthma.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kavalar MS, Balantic M, Silar M, Kosnik M, Korosec P, Rijavec M. Association of ORMDL3, STAT6 and TBXA2R gene polymorphisms with asthma. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 39:20-5. [PMID: 22017802 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2011.01051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. It is well known that genetic variability contributes to asthma risk. One of the most replicated asthma candidate genes is ORM1-like 3 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (ORMDL3), which has been associated with childhood asthma susceptibility. Another asthma candidate gene is signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), a regulator of IgE class switching. Gene coding thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R), involved in chronic airway inflammation, has been associated with asthma in several genetic studies. We have studied the association of polymorphism rs4795405 in ORMDL3, rs324011 in STAT6 as well as rs8113232 and rs3786989 in TBXA2R with asthma risk, various asthma phenotypes and asthma-related symptoms. The study group consisted of 154 children with asthma, in whom clinical parameters were measured and whose asthma control and atopic status were determined. A control group comprised 71 healthy children. Genotyping was performed using an allelic discrimination assay. The ORMDL3 polymorphism rs4795405 was suggestively associated with asthma risk. Furthermore, it was significantly associated with nonatopic asthma and asthma without rhinitis. No association was detected between the STAT6 polymorphism rs324011 or the TBXA2R polymorphisms rs8113232 and rs3786989 and asthma susceptibility. However, an association between rs324011 in STAT6 with recurrent wheezing in early childhood and a suggestive association between rs8113232 in TBXA2R with rhinitis in children with asthma were observed. Our results confirmed ORMDL3 as a candidate gene for childhood asthma susceptibility. STAT6 and TBXA2R polymorphisms were not associated with asthma risk, but they were associated with asthma-related symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Kavalar
- University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Howell MD, Gao P, Kim BE, Lesley LJ, Streib JE, Taylor PA, Zaccaro DJ, Boguniewicz M, Beck LA, Hanifin JM, Schneider LC, Hata TR, Gallo RL, Kaplan MH, Barnes KC, Leung DYM. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 gene (STAT6) increases the propensity of patients with atopic dermatitis toward disseminated viral skin infections. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:1006-14. [PMID: 21762972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with increased susceptibility to recurrent skin infections. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine why a subset of patients with AD have an increased risk of disseminated viral skin infections. METHODS Human subjects with AD with a history of eczema herpeticum (EH) and various control groups were enrolled. Vaccinia virus (VV) expression was measured by means of PCR and immunofluorescent staining in skin biopsy specimens from each study group after incubation with VV. Transgenic mice with a constitutively active signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 gene (STAT6) were characterized for response to VV skin inoculation. Genotyping for 10 STAT6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed in a white patient sample (n = 444). RESULTS VV gene and protein expression were significantly increased in the skin of patients with EH compared with other subject groups after incubation with VV in vitro. Antibody neutralization of IL-4 and IL-13 resulted in lower VV replication in patients with a history of EH. Mice that expressed a constitutively active STAT6 gene compared with wild-type mice had increased mortality and satellite lesion formation after VV skin inoculation. Significant associations were observed between STAT6 SNPs and EH (rs3024975, rs841718, rs167769, and rs703817) and IFN-γ production. The strongest association was observed for a 2-SNP haplotype (patients with AD with a history of EH vs patients with AD without a history of EH, 24.9% vs 9.2%; P = 5.17 × 10(-6)). CONCLUSION The STAT6 gene increases viral replication in the skin of patients with AD with a history of EH. Further genetic association studies and functional investigations are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Howell
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo 80206, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Herring SM, Gokul N, Monita M, Bell R, Boerwinkle E, Wenderfer SE, Braun MC, Doris PA. Immunoglobulin locus associates with serum IgG levels and albuminuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:881-9. [PMID: 21454716 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between IgG and Fc-γ receptors in glomeruli contributes to the development of several types of proteinuric glomerular disease, but the involvement of immunological mechanisms in hypertensive renal injury is incompletely understood. Here, we investigated serum IgG levels in SHR-A3 rats, which develop hypertensive injury, and compared them with the injury-resistant SHR-B2 line. At 18 weeks old, SHR-A3 rats had serum total IgG levels nearly twice those of SHR-B2 rats, although subclass IgG2b was undetectable in SHR-A3 rats compared with mean levels (± SEM) of 80.7 ± 12.8 mg/dl (18 weeks) and 116.6 ± 19.0 mg/dl (30 weeks) in SHR-B2 rats. In addition, these two strains had significantly different serum levels of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2c; differences persisted at 30 weeks for all subclasses except IgG2a. Genetic mapping revealed that a locus on chromosome 6 linked to IgG subclass levels that affected IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2c but not IgG2a. The mapped haplotype block contains IgH, suggesting regulation of three of four serum IgG subclass levels in cis. Resequencing revealed variation in the sequence of the Fc portion of the IgG heavy chain, which predicts important functional changes. To examine whether there is any relationship between this haplotype block and susceptibility to renal injury, we examined the effect of SHR-A3 and SHR-B2 alleles at this block on albumin excretion in an F2 intercross. Albuminuria doubled with inheritance of SHR-A3 alleles. In summary, allelic variation in IgH or nearby genes may modulate the susceptibility to hypertensive renal injury in SHR-A3 rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M Herring
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
AKHABIR LOUBNA, SANDFORD ANDREWJ. Genome-wide association studies for discovery of genes involved in asthma. Respirology 2011; 16:396-406. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
27
|
Butterbach K, Beckmann L, de Sanjosé S, Benavente Y, Becker N, Foretova L, Maynadie M, Cocco P, Staines A, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Nieters A. Association of JAK-STAT pathway related genes with lymphoma risk: results of a European case-control study (EpiLymph). Br J Haematol 2011; 153:318-33. [PMID: 21418178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested an important role for the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signalling pathway in tumour development. Therefore, we explored genetic variants in JAK-STAT pathway associated genes with lymphoma risk. In samples of the EpiLymph case-control study we genotyped 1536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using GoldenGate BeadArray™ Technology (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Here, we report the associations between selected SNPs and haplotypes of the JAK-STAT pathway and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) and most frequent B-NHL subtypes. Among 210 relevant JAK-STAT pathway-related SNPs, polymorphisms in nine genes (BMF, IFNG, IL12A, SOCS1, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A, STAT6, TP63) were significantly associated with lymphoma risk. At a study-wise significance level, we obtained a risk reduction of 28% among carriers of the heterozygous genotype of the STAT3 variant (rs1053023) for B-NHL. For six other variants within the STAT3 gene we observed an inverse association with different lymphoma subtypes. A reduced risk for HL was observed for the heterozygous genotype of the STAT6 SNP (rs324011). This is an explorative investigation to examine associations between JAK-STAT signalling related genes and lymphoma risk. The results implicate a relevant role of certain pathway-related genes in lymphomagenesis, but still need to be approved by independent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Butterbach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yu HH, Liu PH, Lin YC, Chen WJ, Lee JH, Wang LC, Yang YH, Chiang BL. Interleukin 4 and STAT6 gene polymorphisms are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese patients. Lupus 2010; 19:1219-1228. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203310371152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance between T Helper 1 (TH1) and T Helper 2 (TH2) cytokine production is important for the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to investigate gene—gene associations of TH1 and TH2 cytokines genes in Chinese patients with SLE. Twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight cytokines genes were genotyped in 110 SLE patients and 138 healthy controls in a case—control association study. The minor allelic frequencies of interleukin4(IL4) -590 T/C, -33 T/C, 9241C/G, and IL10 -592 A/C were significantly increased in SLE patients compared with those in controls (p < 0.05). None of the separate 20 SNPs showed significant association with SLE after Bonferroni correction. An IL4 haplotype -590C/-33C/9241G/14965C was significantly associated with SLE (odds ratio 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5—8.9, p = 0.004, Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.024). A borderline significant three-locus gene—gene interaction among IL4 9241 C/G, IL4 -33 T/C, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, IL4-induced (STAT6) 2892 C/T was detected by a multifactor dimensionality reduction test (p = 0.051). However, the presence of two at-risk genotypes lead to increased risk of SLE for two-locus interaction using logistic regression method. The risk of SLE increased significantly when a subject has two at-risk genotypes for IL4 -590C and STAT6 2892C (odds ratio, 3.24, 95% CI 1.5—7.0, p = 0.003, Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.009), IL4 -33C and STAT6 2892C (odds ratio 3.06, 95% CI 1.4— 6.7, p = 0.005, Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.015), as well as IL4 9241G and STAT6 2892C (odds ratio 3.34, 95% CI 1.6—7.1, p = 0.002, Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.006). Further, plasma IL-4 concentrations were significantly lower in SLE patients than in healthy controls (1.59 + 3.53 versus 5.67 + 11.28 pg/ml, p = 0.042). These results indicated that IL4 and STAT6 genes might be involved in the etiology of SLE and potentially increased SLE risk through their interaction effect in Chinese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-H. Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-H. Liu
- Research Center for Gene, Environment and Human Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C. Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - WJ Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Genetic Epidemiology Core Laboratory, Research Center for Medical Excellence, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-H. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L-C. Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-H. Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B-L. Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,
| |
Collapse
|