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Jiang G, Xu S, Mai X, Tu J, Wang L, Wang L, Zhan Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zheng L, Li J, Tang P, Qi C. SAP deletion promotes malignant insulinoma progression by inducing CXCL12 secretion from CAFs via the CXCR4/p38/ERK signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18397. [PMID: 38766687 PMCID: PMC11103456 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant insulinoma is an extremely rare type of functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour with a high degree of malignancy and a high incidence of metastasis. However, it is still unclear how malignant insulinomas develop and metastasize. Serum amyloid P component (SAP), a member of the pentraxin protein family, is an acute-phase protein secreted by liver cells. The role of SAP in insulinoma and the related mechanism are still unknown. To determine the effect of SAP on insulinoma, we crossed Rip1-Tag2 mice, which spontaneously develop insulinoma, and SAP knockout (KO) mice to generate Rip1-Tag2;SAP-/- mice. We found that SAP deletion significantly promoted the growth, invasion and metastasis of malignant insulinoma through C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Further study showed that SAP deletion promoted CXCL12 secretion by CAFs through the CXCR4/p38/ERK signalling pathway. These findings reveal a novel role and mechanism of SAP in malignant insulinoma and provide direct evidence that SAP may be a therapeutic agent for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Jiang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shuo Xu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaobin Mai
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Juan Tu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Le Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Lijing Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yaping Zhan
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiangchao Li
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Pei Tang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Cuiling Qi
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Tian C, Liu Q, Zhang X, Li Z. Blocking group 2 innate lymphoid cell activation and macrophage M2 polarization: potential therapeutic mechanisms in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma by calycosin. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 38650035 PMCID: PMC11036756 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calycosin, a flavonoid compound extracted from Astragalus membranaceus, has shown anti-asthma benefits in house dust mite-induced asthma. Recent studies have suggested that innate-type cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and macrophages, serve as incentives for type 2 immunity and targets for drug development in asthma. This work focuses on the effects of calycosin on the dysregulated ILC2s and macrophages in allergic asthma. METHODS In vivo, the asthmatic mouse model was established with ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge, and calycosin was intraperitoneally administered at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg. In vivo, mouse primary ILC2s were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-33 and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13 to establish the cell models. Cells were treated with calycosin at doses of 5 and 10 µM. RESULTS In vivo, we observed significantly reduced numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, monocyte macrophages and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of OVA-exposed mice with 40 mg/kg calycosin. Histopathological assessment showed that calycosin inhibited the airway inflammation and remodeling caused by OVA. Calycosin markedly decreased the up-regulated IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, and suppression tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) induced by OVA in BALF and/or lung tissues of asthmatic mice. Calycosin repressed the augment of arginase 1 (ARG1), IL-10, chitinase-like 3 (YM1) and mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1) levels in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice. In vivo, calycosin inhibited the IL-33-induced activation as well as the increase of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and ST2 in ILC2s. Calycosin also repressed the increase of ARG1, IL-10, YM1 and MRC1 induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, we found that these changes were more significant in 40 mg/kg calycosin treatment than 20 mg/kg calycosin. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study showed that calycosin might attenuate OVA-induced airway inflammation and remodeling in asthmatic mice via preventing ILC2 activation and macrophage M2 polarization. Our study might contribute to further study of asthmatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Graduate, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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Wu X, Li W, Luo Z, Chen Y. A comprehensive comparison of the safety and efficacy of drugs in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:58. [PMID: 38281037 PMCID: PMC10822186 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of multiple drugs for Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) have been reported and achieved a certain degree of efficacy, however, the difference in safety and efficacy of them for IPF is not yet well understood. The aim of this network meta-analysis is to assess their safety and efficacy in the treatment of IPF and differences in this safety and efficacy comprehensively. METHODS The PubMed, EMbase, CENTRAL and MEDLINE were retrieved to find out the RCTs of drugs in the treatment of IPF. The retrieval date is from construction to November 10, 2022. Stata 14.0 and RevMan 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023385689. RESULTS Twenty-four studies with a total of 6208 patients were finally included, including RCTs of 13 drugs. The results of safety showed that there' s no difference in the incidence of SAEs of 13 drugs treated with IPF compared to placebo (P>0.05), and it's also found that Warfarin had a higher all-cause mortality for IPF than placebo (OR = 5.63, 95% CI [1.54 to 20.55]). SUCRA' s scatterplot showed that Pirfenidone, Nintedanib, Sildenafil and Imatinib were lower than placebo, and Warfarin, Ambrisentan and N-acetylcysteine were higher than placebo. The results of effectiveness showed that Nintedanib (MD = -0.08, 95% CI [-0.12 to -0.04]) improved FVC (L)absolute change from baseline in patients better than placebo, and Nintedanib (OR=1.81, 95% CI [1.23 to 2.66]), Pirfenidone (OR=1.85, 95%CI [1.26 to 2.71]) and Pamrevlumab (OR=4.11, 95% CI [1.25 to 13.58]) improved the proportion of patients with a decline in FVC ≥10% predicted better than placebo. SUCRA' s scatterplot showed that Pamrevlumab, Pirfenidone and Nintedanib were lower than placebo, and Warfarin and Ambrisentan were higher than placebo. CONCLUSION Compared with other drugs, Nintedanib and Pirfenidone can significantly slow the decline of lung function in patients with IPF, and the safety is higher. Therefore, they can be further promoted in clinical practice. Warfarin and Ambrisentan shouldn't be used clinically for IPF as the safety and efficacy of them are poor compared to other drugs and placebo. Pamrevlumab may become important drugs for the treatment of IPF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Wu
- Department of Preclinical medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 510025, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Preclinical medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 510025, China
| | - Zhenliang Luo
- Department of Preclinical medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 510025, China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- Department of Preclinical medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 510025, China.
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Rao GK, Santagostino SF, Wong L, Inoue A, Arjomandi A, Yadav R, Halpern WG. Repeat-dose and embryo-fetal developmental toxicity of zinpentraxin alfa. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108526. [PMID: 38141866 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Zinpentraxin alfa is a recombinant human pentraxin-2 (PTX-2) developed for the treatment of various fibrotic diseases with the hypothesis that supplementing endogenous PTX-2 levels through intravenous administration should increase its regulatory capacity in circulation and at the site of disease, thereby promoting healing and reducing fibrosis. Zinpentraxin alfa has been studied in various clinical trials, particularly in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, where it has demonstrated efficacy in slowing decline in lung function in a phase 2 study. In the present investigation, we summarize findings from 14-day repeat-dose toxicity studies in rats and cynomolgus monkeys supporting early clinical development of zinpentraxin alfa. In addition, we also describe the findings from the embryo-fetal developmental (EFD) studies conducted in rats and rabbits, since the intended fibrosis patient population may include patients of childbearing potential. Zinpentraxin alfa was well tolerated by rats and monkeys in general toxicity studies with no treatment-related adverse effects, as well as by pregnant rats over the same dose range in a definitive EFD study. In contrast, substantial toxicity was observed in a rabbit dose-range-finder EFD study. Zinpentraxin alfa was poorly tolerated by pregnant rabbits and effects on the dams correlated with post-implantation fetal losses. The disparate effects of zinpentraxin alfa on embryo-fetal development between the two species suggests a potential unknown biological function of PTX-2 in pregnancy in the rabbit, which may be relevant to humans. Our findings warrant the consideration for highly effective contraceptive measures to avoid pregnancy in patients enrolled in clinical studies with zinpentraxin alfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham K Rao
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Sara F Santagostino
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lisa Wong
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ayumi Inoue
- SNBL, Ltd., Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Audrey Arjomandi
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rajbharan Yadav
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wendy G Halpern
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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5
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Ma YJ, Parente R, Zhong H, Sun Y, Garlanda C, Doni A. Complement-pentraxins synergy: Navigating the immune battlefield and beyond. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115878. [PMID: 37952357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement is a crucial immune defense system that triggers rapid immune responses and offers efficient protection against foreign invaders and unwanted host elements, acting as a sentinel. Activation of the complement system occurs upon the recognition of pathogenic microorganisms or altered self-cells by pattern-recognition molecules (PRMs) such as C1q, collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins. Recent accumulating evidence shows that pentraxins establish a cooperative network with different classes of effector PRMs, resulting in synergistic effects in complement activation. This review describes the complex interaction of pentraxins with the complement system and the implications of this cooperative network for effective host defense during pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jie Ma
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
| | | | - Hang Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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Ullah A, Huang Y, Zhao K, Hua Y, Ullah S, Rahman MU, Wang J, Wang Q, Hu X, Zheng L. Characteristics and potential clinical applications of the extracellular vesicles of human pathogenic Fungi. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:227. [PMID: 37598156 PMCID: PMC10439556 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of lipid membrane-enclosed compartments that contain different biomolecules and are released by almost all living cells, including fungal genera. Fungal EVs contain multiple bioactive components that perform various biological functions, such as stimulation of the host immune system, transport of virulence factors, induction of biofilm formation, and mediation of host-pathogen interactions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on EVs of human pathogenic fungi, mainly focusing on their biogenesis, composition, and biological effects. We also discuss the potential markers and therapeutic applications of fungal EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ullah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kening Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuneng Hua
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shafi Ullah
- Department of pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rahman
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiumei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Yin Z, Guerrero J, Melendez R, Andrews B, Peng K. Development of a Cell-based Neutralizing Antibody Assay for Zinpentraxin Alfa: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies. AAPS J 2023; 25:75. [PMID: 37468730 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic protein drugs can potentially induce immune responses in patients and result in the production of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), including a subset of ADAs called neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that might cause loss of efficacy by inhibiting clinical activities of the drug. Herein, we describe the unique challenges encountered during the development of a fit-for-purpose cell-based NAb assay for a new protein modality, zinpentraxin alfa, including our strategies for assay design to overcome various matrix interferences and improve assay drug tolerance. We demonstrated that a typical biotin-drug extraction with acid dissociation (BEAD) approach alone was not sufficient to eliminate matrix interferences in this assay. Instead, the combination of the BEAD and ZebaTM spin size exclusion plate (SEP) was required to achieve the desirable assay performance. We also demonstrated that appropriate acidic buffers were critical in sample pretreatment to improve assay drug tolerance, which not only dissociated the drug/NAb immune complex but also effectively and irreversibly denatured the free drug. The final assay performed well with confirmed assay robustness and suitability for the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Yin
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Joyce Guerrero
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Rachel Melendez
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ben Andrews
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kun Peng
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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8
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Wang Y, Wang J, Yan Z, Liu S, Xu W. Microenvironment modulation by key regulators of RNA N6-methyladenosine modification in respiratory allergic diseases. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:210. [PMID: 37328853 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulators are considered post-transcriptional regulators that affect several biological functions, and their role in immunity, in particular, is emerging. However, the role of m6A regulators in respiratory allergic diseases remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of key m6A regulators in mediating respiratory allergic diseases and immune microenvironment infiltration characteristics. METHODS We downloaded gene expression profiles of respiratory allergies from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and we performed hierarchical clustering, difference analysis, and construction of predictive models to identify hub m6A regulators that affect respiratory allergies. Next, we investigate the underlying biological mechanisms of key m6A regulators by performing PPI network analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and immune microenvironment infiltration analysis. In addition, we performed a drug sensitivity analysis on the key m6A regulator, hoping to be able to provide some implications for clinical medication. RESULTS In this study, we identified four hub m6A regulators that affect the respiratory allergy and investigated the underlying biological mechanisms. In addition, studies on the characteristics of immune microenvironment infiltration revealed that the expression of METTL14, METTL16, and RBM15B correlated with the infiltration of the mast and Th2 cells in respiratory allergy, and METTL16 expression was found to be significantly negatively correlated with macrophages for the first time (R = -0.53, P < 0.01). Finally, a key m6A regulator, METTL14, was screened by combining multiple algorithms. In addition, by performing a drug sensitivity analysis on METTL14, we hypothesized that it may play an important role in the improvement of allergic symptoms in the upper and lower airways with topical nasal glucocorticoids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that m6A regulators, particularly METTL14, play a crucial role in the development of respiratory allergic diseases and the infiltration of immune cells. These results may provide insight into the mechanism of action of methylprednisolone in treating respiratory allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhanfeng Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Jung CJ, Park SM, Lee DG, Yu YE, Ku TH, La IJ, Cho IJ, Ku SK. Adenophora Stricta Root Extract Alleviates Airway Inflammation in Mice with Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040922. [PMID: 37107297 PMCID: PMC10135616 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenophora stricta Miq. (Campanulaceae family) is a traditional herb used for relieving cough and phlegm in East Asia. This study explored the effects of A. stricta root extract (AsE) in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Administration of 100-400 mg/kg AsE dose-dependently decreased pulmonary congestion and suppressed the reduction of alveolar surface area in mice with OVA-mediated allergic asthma. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue and cytological analysis of bronchioalveolar lavage fluid showed that AsE administration significantly attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs. In addition, AsE also alleviated OVA-specific immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5 production, which are essential for OVA-dependent activation of T helper 2 lymphocytes. In Raw264.7 macrophage cells, AsE significantly blocked nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant factor-1 production in response to LPS. Results from an immunoblot assay revealed that AsE inhibited the phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase, inhibitory-κB kinase α/β, and p65 in LPS-stimulated cells. Furthermore, 2-furoic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and vanillic acid 4-β-D-glucopyranoside in AsE were shown to inhibit the production of proinflammatory mediators by LPS. Taken together, the present results suggest that A. stricta root will be a useful herb for relieving allergic asthma through managing airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Jong Jung
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Man Park
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geon Lee
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Eun Yu
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Ku
- Okchundang Korean Medicine Clinic, Ulsan 44900, Republic of Korea
| | - Im-Joung La
- Atomy R&D Center, Gongju 32511, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Je Cho
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ney LM, Wipplinger M, Grossmann M, Engert N, Wegner VD, Mosig AS. Short chain fatty acids: key regulators of the local and systemic immune response in inflammatory diseases and infections. Open Biol 2023; 13:230014. [PMID: 36977462 PMCID: PMC10049789 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome substantially affects human health and resistance to infections in its dynamic composition and varying release of microbial-derived metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by commensal bacteria through fermentation of indigestible fibres are considered key regulators in orchestrating the host immune response to microbial colonization by regulating phagocytosis, chemokine and central signalling pathways of cell growth and apoptosis, thereby shaping the composition and functionality of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Although research of the last decades provided valuable insight into the pleiotropic functions of SCFAs and their capability to maintain human health, mechanistic details on how SCFAs act across different cell types and other organs are not fully understood. In this review, we provide an overview of the various functions of SCFAs in regulating cellular metabolism, emphasizing the orchestration of the immune response along the gut-brain, the gut-lung and the gut-liver axes. We discuss their potential pharmacological use in inflammatory diseases and infections and highlight new options of relevant human three-dimensional organ models to investigate and validate their biological functions in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Ney
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Maximilian Wipplinger
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Martha Grossmann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Engert
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Valentin D Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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11
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Inhibitors of the Sialidase NEU3 as Potential Therapeutics for Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010239. [PMID: 36613682 PMCID: PMC9820515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing diseases are a major medical problem, and are associated with more deaths per year than cancer in the US. Sialidases are enzymes that remove the sugar sialic acid from glycoconjugates. In this review, we describe efforts to inhibit fibrosis by inhibiting sialidases, and describe the following rationale for considering sialidases to be a potential target to inhibit fibrosis. First, sialidases are upregulated in fibrotic lesions in humans and in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Second, the extracellular sialidase NEU3 appears to be both necessary and sufficient for pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Third, there exist at least three mechanistic ways in which NEU3 potentiates fibrosis, with two of them being positive feedback loops where a profibrotic cytokine upregulates NEU3, and the upregulated NEU3 then upregulates the profibrotic cytokine. Fourth, a variety of NEU3 inhibitors block pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. Finally, the high sialidase levels in a fibrotic lesion cause an easily observed desialylation of serum proteins, and in a mouse model, sialidase inhibitors that stop fibrosis reverse the serum protein desialylation. This then indicates that serum protein sialylation is a potential surrogate biomarker for the effect of sialidase inhibitors, which would facilitate clinical trials to test the exciting possibility that sialidase inhibitors could be used as therapeutics for fibrosis.
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Torrico S, Hotter G, Játiva S. Development of Cell Therapies for Renal Disease and Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415943. [PMID: 36555585 PMCID: PMC9783572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of renal disease is gradually increasing worldwide, and this condition has become a major public health problem because it is a trigger for many other chronic diseases. Cell therapies using multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, hematopoietic stem cells, macrophages, and other cell types have been used to induce regeneration and provide a cure for acute and chronic kidney disease in experimental models. This review describes the advances in cell therapy protocols applied to acute and chronic kidney injuries and the attempts to apply these treatments in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Torrico
- M2rlab-XCELL, 28010 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Hotter
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (S.J.)
| | - Soraya Játiva
- M2rlab-XCELL, 28010 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (S.J.)
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The Paradoxical Effects of Serum Amyloid-P Component on Disseminated Candidiasis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111304. [PMID: 36365055 PMCID: PMC9697064 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid P component (SAP) may play an important role in human fungal diseases. SAP binds to functional amyloid on the fungal surface and masks fungi from host immune processes, skewing the macrophage population from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the quiescent M2 type. We assessed the role of SAP in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Mice were injected with human SAP subcutaneously (SQ) followed by intravenous injection of Candida albicans. Male, BALBcJ mice were administered 2 mg human SAP or the homologous human pro-inflammatory pentraxin CRP, SQ on day −1 followed by 1 mg on days 0 thru 4; yeast cells were administered intravenously on day 0. Mice not receiving a pentraxin were morbid on day 1, surviving 4−7 days. Mice administered SAP survived longer than mice receiving yeast cells alone (p < 0.022), although all mice died. Mice given CRP died faster than mice receiving yeast cells alone (p < 0.017). Miridesap is a molecule that avidly binds SAP, following which the complex is broken down by the liver. Miridesap administered in the drinking water removed SAP from the serum and yeast cells and significantly prolonged the life of mice (p < 0.020). Some were “cured” of candidiasis. SAP administered early in the septic process provided short-lived benefit to mice, probably by blunting cytokine secretion associated with disseminated candidiasis. The most important finding was that removal of SAP with miridesap led to prolonged survival by removing SAP and preventing its dampening effects on the host immune response.
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Yadav S, Priya A, Borade DR, Agrawal-Rajput R. Macrophage subsets and their role: co-relation with colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor and clinical relevance. Immunol Res 2022; 71:130-152. [PMID: 36266603 PMCID: PMC9589538 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the first innate immune cells to reach the site of infection or injury. Diverse functions from the uptake of pathogen or antigen, its killing, and presentation, the release of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, activation of adaptive immune cells, clearing off tissue debris, tissue repair, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis have been attributed to macrophages. Besides tissue-resident macrophages, the circulating macrophages are recruited to different tissues to get activated. These are highly plastic cells, showing a spectrum of phenotypes depending on the stimulus received from their immediate environment. The macrophage differentiation requires colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) or macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), colony-stimulating factor-2 (CSF-2), or granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and different stimuli activate them to different phenotypes. The richness of tissue macrophages is precisely controlled via the CSF-1 and CSF-1R axis. In this review, we have given an overview of macrophage origin via hematopoiesis/myelopoiesis, different phenotypes associated with macrophages, their clinical significance, and how they are altered in various diseases. We have specifically focused on the function of CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling in deciding macrophage fate and the outcome of aberrant CSF-1R signaling in relation to macrophage phenotype in different diseases. We further extend the review to briefly discuss the possible strategies to manipulate CSF-1R and its signaling with the recent updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Yadav
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Astik Priya
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Diksha R Borade
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India.
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Wang L, Liang D, Huang Y, Chen Y, Yang X, Huang Z, Jiang Y, Su H, Wang L, Pathak JL, Ge L. SAP deficiency aggravates periodontitis possibly via C5a-C5aR signaling-mediated defective macrophage phagocytosis of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00218-1. [PMID: 36243399 PMCID: PMC10403661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serum amyloid P component (SAP) regulates the innate immune system and microbial diseases. Periodontitis is an inflammatory oral disease developed by the host immune system's interaction with the dysbiotic oral microbiome, thereby SAP could play a role in periodontitis pathogenicity. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of SAP in oral microbiome modulation and peridontitis pathogenicity. METHODS In this study, wildtype and SAP-knockout (KO) mice were used. Ligature-based periodontitis was developed in mice. Oral microbiome diversity was analyzed by 16 s rRNA sequencing. Macrophages and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) co-culture system analyzed the effect of SAP in macrophage phagocytosis of P. gingivalis. RESULTS The level of SAP was upregulated in the periodontitis-affected periodontium of humans and mice but not in the liver and blood circulation. Periodontal macrophages were the key source of upregulated SAP in periodontitis. SAP-KO aggravated periodontal inflammation, periodontitis, and a higher number of M1-type inflammatory macrophage infiltration in the periodontium. The oral microbiome of SAP-KO periodontitis mice was altered with a higher abundance of Porphyromonas at the genus level. SAP-KO macrophages showed compromised phagocytosis of P. gingivalis in the co-culture system. Co-culture of SAP-KO macrophages and P. gingivalis induced the C5a expression and exogenous SAP treatment nullified this effect. Exogenous recombinant SAP treatment did not affect P. gingivalis growth and opsonization. PMX205, an antagonist of C5a, treatment robustly enhanced P. gingivalis phagocytosis by SAP-KO macrophages, indicating the involvement of the C5a-C5aR signaling in the compromised P. gingivalis phagocytosis by SAP-KO macrophages. CONCLUSION SAP deficiency aggravates periodontitis possibly via C5a-C5aR signaling-mediated defective macrophage phagocytosis of P. gingivalis. A higher abundance of P. gingivalis during SAP deficiency could promote M1 macrophage polarization and periodontitis. This finding suggests the possible protecting role of elevated levels of periodontal SAP against periodontitis progression.
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Xie Y, Zhou X, Zhang J, Yu H, Song Z. Immunomodulatory responses of differentially polarized macrophages to fungal infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109089. [PMID: 35964406 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, the first line of defense against invasive fungi in the innate immune system, are widely distributed in the blood and tissues of the body. In response to various internal and external stimulators, macrophages can polarize into classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). These two types of polarized macrophages play different roles in antifungal activity and in maintaining the steady-state balance between inflammation and tissue repair. However, the antifungal mechanisms of M1- and M2-type macrophages have not been fully described. In this review, the immune regulatory mechanisms against pathogenic fungi of these two classical types of macrophages in various tissues are summarized. The effects of antifungal factors on macrophage differentiation are also highlighted. The description of these data, on the one hand provides valuable insight for future investigations and also highlights new strategies for the treatment of pathogenic fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Jinping Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China; The Public Platform of Molecular Biotechnology, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China; The Public Platform of Cell Biotechnology, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Zhangyong Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China; The Public Platform of Molecular Biotechnology, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People's Republic of China.
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Furlong-Silva J, Cook PC. Fungal-mediated lung allergic airway disease: The critical role of macrophages and dendritic cells. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010608. [PMID: 35834490 PMCID: PMC9282651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are abundant in the environment, causing our lungs to be constantly exposed to a diverse range of species. While the majority of these are cleared effectively in healthy individuals, constant exposure to spores (especially Aspergillus spp.) can lead to the development of allergic inflammation that underpins and worsen diseases such as asthma. Despite this, the precise mechanisms that underpin the development of fungal allergic disease are poorly understood. Innate immune cells, such as macrophages (MΦs) and dendritic cells (DCs), have been shown to be critical for mediating allergic inflammation to a range of different allergens. This review will focus on the crucial role of MΦ and DCs in mediating antifungal immunity, evaluating how these immune cells mediate allergic inflammation within the context of the lung environment. Ultimately, we aim to highlight important future research questions that will lead to novel therapeutic strategies for fungal allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Furlong-Silva
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Charles Cook
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Xiao J, Lu S, Wang X, Liang M, Dong C, Zhang X, Qiu M, Ou C, Zeng X, Lan Y, Hu L, Tan L, Peng T, Zhang Q, Long F. Serum Proteomic Analysis Identifies SAA1, FGA, SAP, and CETP as New Biomarkers for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866035. [PMID: 35757752 PMCID: PMC9226334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is characterized by asthma-like attacks in its early stage, which is easily misdiagnosed as severe asthma. Therefore, new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of EGPA are needed, especially for differentiating the diagnosis of asthma. Objectives To identify serum biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis of EGPA and to distinguish EGPA from severe asthma. Method Data-independent acquisition (DIA) analysis was performed to identify 45 healthy controls (HC), severe asthma (S-A), and EGPA patients in a cohort to screen biomarkers for early diagnosis of EGPA and to differentiate asthma diagnosis. Subsequently, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis was applied to a validation cohort of 71 HC, S-A, and EGPA patients. Result Four candidate biomarkers were identified from DIA and PRM analysis-i.e., serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), fibrinogen-α (FGA), and serum amyloid P component (SAP)-and were upregulated in the EGPA group, while cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) was downregulated in the EGPA group compared with the S-A group. Receiver operating characteristics analysis shows that, as biomarkers for early diagnosis of EGPA, the combination of SAA1, FGA, and SAP has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.947, a sensitivity of 82.35%, and a specificity of 100%. The combination of SAA1, FGA, SAP, and CETP as biomarkers for differential diagnosis of asthma had an AUC of 0.921, a sensitivity of 78.13%, and a specificity of 100%, which were all larger than single markers. Moreover, SAA1, FGA, and SAP were positively and CETP was negatively correlated with eosinophil count. Conclusion DIA-PRM combined analysis screened and validated four previously unexplored but potentially useful biomarkers for early diagnosis of EGPA and differential diagnosis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Lu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xufei Wang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Liang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Dong
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzhi Qiu
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Changxing Ou
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyin Zeng
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Lan
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longbo Hu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Tan
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Long
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Huang S, Wang J, Liu F, Dong L. Alternatively activated macrophages promote airway inflammation through JAK3-STAT5-Fra2 in asthma. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:873-885. [PMID: 35670841 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fos-related antigen-2 (Fra-2) is a transcription factor belonging to the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family, which is associated with many chronic airway diseases such as asthma. Alternatively activated (M2) macrophages are associated with Fra2 in airway diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. However, there is no specific study that explores the relationship between M2 macrophages and Fra2 in asthma. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that a potential mechanism of allergic asthma could be that Fra2 is highly expressed in M2 macrophages through JAK3-STAT5 and facilitates the production of downstream T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, thus promoting the pathogenesis of asthma. METHODS Peripheral venous blood and airway tissue samples of patients with asthma and controls were obtained. Moreover, a C57BL/6 mouse model of asthma was established. Fra2 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Macrophages were obtained by flow sorting, and expression of the JAK3-STAT5-Fra2 signaling pathway was determined using PCR and western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine M2 macrophage-associated Th2-type cytokine levels. RESULTS Fra2 was highly expressed in patients with asthma and asthmatic mice. The JAK3-STAT5 was a signal pathway related to the high expression of Fra2 in M2 macrophages. Moreover, we found that Fra2 could affect the production of Th2 cytokines downstream of M2 macrophages, including interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13. CONCLUSION M2 macrophages could promote airway inflammation through JAK3-STAT5-Fra2 to induce allergic asthma. Our study offers a new insight to further understand the pathogenesis of asthma and also provides a new direction for targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Raghu G, Hamblin MJ, Brown AW, Golden JA, Ho LA, Wijsenbeek MS, Vasakova M, Pesci A, Antin-Ozerkis DE, Meyer KC, Kreuter M, Burgess T, Kamath N, Donaldson F, Richeldi L. Long-term evaluation of the safety and efficacy of recombinant human pentraxin-2 (rhPTX-2) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): an open-label extension study. Respir Res 2022; 23:129. [PMID: 35597980 PMCID: PMC9123757 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant human pentraxin-2 (rhPTX-2) significantly decreased decline in percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) and stabilized 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) during the 28-week, placebo-controlled, randomized period of the Phase II PRM-151–202 study. Interim (76-week) data from the open-label extension (OLE) demonstrated sustained safety and efficacy with rhPTX-2 treatment. Here, we present the entire long-term OLE safety and efficacy data to 128 weeks. Methods Patients who completed the randomized PRM-151–202 study period were eligible for the OLE, during which all patients received rhPTX-2, having started rhPTX-2 (i.e., crossed from placebo) or continued rhPTX-2 after Week 28. rhPTX-2 was administered in 28-week cycles, with 10 mg/kg intravenous infusions (60 min) on Days 1, 3, and 5 in the first week of each cycle, then one infusion every 4 weeks up to Week 128. The OLE primary objective was to assess the long-term safety and tolerability of rhPTX-2. Other outcomes included FVC, 6MWD, and patient-reported outcomes (descriptive analysis). Results All 111 patients who completed the randomized period entered the OLE (n = 37 started rhPTX-2; n = 74 continued rhPTX-2); 57 (51.4%) completed to Week 128. The treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) profile was consistent with the randomized period, with the majority of TEAEs graded mild or moderate. Serious TEAEs occurred in 47 patients (42.3%), most frequently IPF (n = 11; 9.9%), pneumonia (n = 7; 6.3%), and acute respiratory failure (n = 3; 2.7%). Three patients underwent lung transplantation. Most serious TEAEs (and all 14 fatal events) were considered unrelated to rhPTX-2 treatment. For patients starting vs continuing rhPTX-2, mean (95% confidence interval) changes from baseline to Week 128 were, respectively, − 6.2% (− 7.7; − 4.6) and − 5.7% (− 8.0; − 3.3) for percent predicted FVC and − 36.3 m (− 65.8; − 6.9) and − 28.9 m (− 54.3; − 3.6) for 6MWD; however, conclusions were limited by patient numbers at Week 128. Conclusions Long-term treatment (up to 128 weeks) with rhPTX-2 was well tolerated in patients with IPF, with no new safety signals emerging in the OLE. The limited efficacy data over 128 weeks may suggest a trend towards a treatment effect. Trial registration NCT02550873; EudraCT 2014-004782-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Raghu
- Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Mark J Hamblin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - A Whitney Brown
- Inova Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Golden
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence A Ho
- Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marlies S Wijsenbeek
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martina Vasakova
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alberto Pesci
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, ASST-Monza, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Keith C Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg and German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Luca Richeldi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Wang Y, Gu LF, Zhao X, Hu C, Chen Q. TFR1 expression in induced sputum is associated with asthma severity. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13474. [PMID: 35602900 PMCID: PMC9121881 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is characterized as a chronic inflammatory airway disease. Iron accumulation is related to asthma pathogenesis. Transferrin receptor 1(TFR1) expression is associated with intracellular iron overload in macrophages. In our study, we explored the association among TFR1 expression, the inflammatory macrophage phenotype, and asthma severity. Methods Induced sputum was collected from 50 asthma patients. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression. The status of inflammatory macrophage phenotype was assessed using flow cytometry. Results TFR1 levels were inversely correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/vital capacity (VC). Among inflammatory cytokines, TFR1 expression was positively correlated with IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17A mRNA expression in induced sputum. Moreover, TFR1 expression was positively correlated with the number of proinflammatory M1 macrophages and iNOS expression in induced sputum. Neutrophil counts in induced sputum were significantly and positively related to TFR1 expression. Furthermore, TFR1 expression showed an increasing trend in asthma patients with no family history. Our findings indicated that TFR1 expression was consistent with the asthma severity index, especially the proinflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype. TFR1 expression may be a good marker to indicate asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - li Feng Gu
- Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xincheng Zhao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yang J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Wang H, Sun Z, Zhu X, He Y, Wong AHC, Liu F, Wang G. Serum amyloid P component level is associated with clinical response to escitalopram treatment in patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 146:172-178. [PMID: 34995992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a universal constituent of human amyloid deposits, which has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between SAP level and depression severity remains obscure. The aims of this study were to investigate how SAP is involved in depression and to explore the association between SAP level and antidepressant treatment response. Patients with MDD (n = 85) who received escitalopram monotherapy for 8-12 weeks were selected from a multicenter open-label randomized clinical trial. The same number of healthy controls was recruited. Depression severity was measured according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12. The plasma levels of SAP were measured at baseline, week 2 and week 12. As a result, baseline levels of SAP were significantly higher in depressed patients than in control subjects (p < 0.001). SAP levels at baseline were negatively associated with depression severity after escitalopram treatment (p < 0.05), and the changes in SAP levels from baseline to week 12 were highly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms based on the HAMD-17 score (p < 0.05). Interestingly, treatment with escitalopram significantly decreased the plasma levels of SAP in females, but not in males. Altogether, our results suggest that SAP not only involved in the pathobiology of depression but also mediates the action of antidepressant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuequan Zhu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China.
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23
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Huang C, Du W, Ni Y, Lan G, Shi G. The effect of short-chain fatty acids on M2 macrophages polarization in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:53-64. [PMID: 35020860 PMCID: PMC8802183 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatively activated macrophages (M2 polarization) play an important role in asthma. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) possessed immune-regulatory functions, but their effects on M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In our study, murine alveolar macrophage MH-S cell line and human monocyte-derived macrophages were used to polarize to M2 subset with interleukin-4 (IL-4) treatment. The underlying mechanisms involved were investigated using molecule inhibitors/agonists. In vivo, female C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: CON group, ovalbumin (OVA) asthma group, OVA+Acetate group, OVA+Butyrate group, and OVA+Propionate group. Mice were fed with or without SCFAs (Acetate, Butyrate, Propionate) in drinking water for 20 days before developing OVA-induced asthma model. In MH-S, SCFAs inhibited IL-4-incuced protein or mRNA expressions of M2-associated genes in a dose-dependent manner. G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) agonist 4-CMTB and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (trichostatin A, TSA), but not GPR41 agonist AR420626 could inhibit the protein or mRNA expressions M2-associated genes. 4-CMTB, but not TSA, had no synergistic role in the inhibitory effect of SCFAs on M2 polarization. In vivo study indicated Butyrate and Propionate, but not Acetate, attenuated OVA-induced M2 polarization in the lung and airway inflammation. We also found the inhibitory effect of SCFAs on M2 polarization in human-derived macrophages. Therefore, SCFAs inhibited M2 polarization in MH-S likely through GPR43 activation and/or HDAC inhibition. Butyrate and Propionate but not Acetate could inhibit M2 polarization and airway inflammation in asthma model. SCFAs also abrogated M2 polarization in human-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmeng Ni
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gelei Lan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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24
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Parente R, Possetti V, Erreni M, D'Autilia F, Bottazzi B, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Inforzato A, Doni A. Complementary Roles of Short and Long Pentraxins in the Complement-Mediated Immune Response to Aspergillus fumigatus Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:785883. [PMID: 34868070 PMCID: PMC8637271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous mold Aspergillus fumigatus is the major etiologic agent of invasive aspergillosis, a life-threatening infection amongst immune compromised individuals. An increasing body of evidence indicates that effective disposal of A. fumigatus requires the coordinate action of both cellular and humoral components of the innate immune system. Early recognition of the fungal pathogen, in particular, is mediated by a set of diverse soluble pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) that act as "ancestral antibodies" inasmuch as they are endowed with opsonic, pro-phagocytic and killing properties. Pivotal is, in this respect, the contribution of the complement system, which functionally cooperates with cell-borne pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and other soluble PRMs, including pentraxins. Indeed, complement and pentraxins form an integrated system with crosstalk, synergism, and regulation, which stands as a paradigm of the interplay between PRMs in the mounting and orchestration of antifungal immunity. Following upon our past experience with the long pentraxin PTX3, a well-established immune effector in the host response to A. fumigatus, we recently reported that this fungal pathogen is targeted in vitro and in vivo by the short pentraxin Serum Amyloid P component (SAP) too. Similar to PTX3, SAP promotes phagocytosis and disposal of the fungal pathogen via complement-dependent pathways. However, the two proteins exploit different mechanisms of complement activation and receptor-mediated phagocytosis, which further extends complexity and integration of the complement-pentraxin crosstalk in the immune response to A. fumigatus. Here we revisit this crosstalk in light of the emerging roles of SAP as a novel PRM with antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Parente
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Possetti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Erreni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Autilia
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bottazzi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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25
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Kang H, Bang JY, Mo Y, Shin JW, Bae B, Cho SH, Kim HY, Kang HR. Effect of Acinetobacter lwoffii on the modulation of macrophage activation and asthmatic inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 52:518-529. [PMID: 34874580 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although lung macrophages are directly exposed to external stimuli, their exact immunologic roles in asthma are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-asthmatic effect of Acinetobacter lwoffii in terms of lung macrophage modulation. METHODS Six-week-old female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) with or without intranasal administration of A. lwoffii during the sensitization period. Airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation were evaluated. Using flow cytometry, macrophages were subclassified according to their activation status. In the in vitro study, a murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S) treated with or without A. lwoffii before IL-13 stimulation were analysed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS In a murine asthma model, the number of inflammatory cells, including macrophages and eosinophils, decreased in mice treated with A. lwoffii (A. lwoffii/OVA group) compared with untreated mice (OVA group). The enhanced expression of MHCII in macrophages in the OVA group was decreased by A. lwoffii treatment. M2 macrophage subtypes were significantly altered. A. lwoffii treatment decreased CD11b+ M2a and CD11b+ M2c macrophages, which showed strong positive correlations with Th2 cells, ILC2 and eosinophils. In contrast, CD11b+ M2b macrophages were significantly increased by A. lwoffii treatment and showed strong positive correlations with ILC1 and ILC3. In vitro, A. lwoffii down-regulated the expression of M2 markers related but up-regulated those related to M2b macrophages. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intranasal A. lwoffii exposure suppresses asthma development by suppressing the type 2 response via modulating lung macrophage activation, shifting M2a and M2c macrophages to M2b macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbit Kang
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Centre, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Bang
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Centre, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yosep Mo
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Centre, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Bae
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Centre, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Centre, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Centre, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Abu Khweek A, Joldrichsen MR, Kim E, Attia Z, Krause K, Daily K, Estfanous S, Hamilton K, Badr A, Anne MNK, Eltobgy M, Corps KN, Carafice C, Zhang X, Gavrilin MA, Boyaka PN, Amer AO. Caspase-11 regulates lung inflammation in response to house dust mites. Cell Immunol 2021; 370:104425. [PMID: 34800762 PMCID: PMC8714054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory lung disorder characterized by mucus hypersecretion, cellular infiltration, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. House dust mites (HDM) are the most prevalent cause of allergic sensitization. Canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to pathogen or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). Murine caspase-11 engages the noncanonical inflammasome. We addressed the role of caspase-11 in mediating host responses to HDM and subsequent allergic inflammation using caspase-11-/- mice, which lack caspase-11 while express caspase-1. We found that HDM induce caspase-11 expression in vitro. The presence of IL-4 and IL-13 promote caspase-11 expression. Additionally, caspase-11-/- macrophages show reduced release of IL-6, IL-12, and KC, and express lower levels of costimulatory molecules (e.g., CD40, CD86 and MHCII) in response to HDM stimulation. Notably, HDM sensitization of caspase-11-/- mice resulted in similar levels of IgE responses and hypothermia in response to nasal HDM challenge compared to WT. However, analysis of cell numbers and cytokines in bronchiolar alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histopathology of representative lung segments demonstrate altered inflammatory responses and reduced neutrophilia in the airways of the caspase-11-/- mice. These findings indicate that caspase-11 regulates airway inflammation in response to HDM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abu Khweek
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Marisa R Joldrichsen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Zayed Attia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Kathrin Krause
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Kylene Daily
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Shady Estfanous
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Kaitlin Hamilton
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Asmaa Badr
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Midhun N K Anne
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Mostafa Eltobgy
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Kara N Corps
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Cierra Carafice
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Mikhail A Gavrilin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA; Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA.
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA.
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27
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Callejas BE, Blyth GAD, Jendzjowsky N, Wang A, Babbar A, Koro K, Wilson RJA, Kelly MM, Cobo ER, McKay DM. Interleukin-4 Programmed Macrophages Suppress Colitis and Do Not Enhance Infectious-Colitis, Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer or Airway Hypersensitivity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744738. [PMID: 34691050 PMCID: PMC8527087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The murine interleukin-4 treated macrophage (MIL4) exerts anti-inflammatory and pro-healing effects and has been shown to reduce the severity of chemical-induced colitis. Positing M(IL4) transfer as an anti-inflammatory therapy, the possibility of side-effects must be considered. Consequently, bone marrow-derived M(IL4)s were administered via intraperitoneal injection to mice concomitant with Citrobacter rodentium infection (infections colitis), azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate (AOM/DSS) treatment [a model of colorectal cancer (CRC)], or ovalbumin sensitization (airway inflammation). The impact of M(IL4) treatment on C. rodentium infectivity, colon histopathology, tumor number and size and tissue-specific inflammation was examined in these models. The anti-colitic effect of the M(IL4)s were confirmed in the di-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid model of colitis and the lumen-to-blood movement of 4kDa FITC-dextran and bacterial translocation to the spleen and liver was also improved by M(IL4) treatment. Analysis of the other models of disease, that represent comorbidities that can occur in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), revealed that M(IL4) treatment did not exaggerate the severity of any of the conditions. Rather, there was reduction in the size (but not number) of polyps in the colon of AOM/DSS-mice and reduced infectivity and inflammation in C. rodentium-infected mice in M(IL4)-treated mice. Thus, while any new therapy can have unforeseen side effects, our data confirm and extend the anti-colitic capacity of murine M(IL4)s and indicate that systemic delivery of one million M(IL4)s did not exaggerate disease in models of colonic or airways inflammation or colonic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca E Callejas
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Graham A D Blyth
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicholas Jendzjowsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Arthur Wang
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anshu Babbar
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Konstantin Koro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richard J A Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Margaret M Kelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derek M McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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28
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Wang J, Lu S, Yang F, Guo Y, Chen Z, Yu N, Yao L, Huang J, Fan W, Xu Z, Gong Y. The role of macrophage polarization and associated mechanisms in regulating the anti-inflammatory action of acupuncture: a literature review and perspectives. Chin Med 2021; 16:56. [PMID: 34281592 PMCID: PMC8287695 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is used in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions and diseases. However, the mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory action are complex and have not been systematically investigated. Macrophages are key components of the innate immune system, thus, balancing the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and modulating cytokine levels in the inflammatory environment may be desirable therapeutic goals. Evidence has shown that acupuncture has anti-inflammatory actions that affect multiple body systems, including the immune, locomotory, endocrine, nervous, digestive, and respiratory systems, by downregulating pro-inflammatory M1 and upregulating anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, as well as by modulating associated cytokine secretion. Macrophage polarization is controlled by the interlocking pathways of extrinsic factors, the local tissue microenvironment, and the neural-endocrine-immune systems. It has been suggested that polarization of T lymphocytes and cytokine secretions resulting in modulation of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, may be upstream mechanisms of acupuncture-induced macrophage polarization. We further propose that macrophage polarization could be the principal pathway involved in acupuncture immune regulation and provide the scientific basis for the clinical application of acupuncture in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuming Yang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Yu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yao
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Huang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Fan
- Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, 5100293, Japan
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China. .,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinan Gong
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China. .,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Turan N, van der Veen TA, Draijer C, Fattahi F, ten Hacken NH, Timens W, van Oosterhout AJ, van den Berge M, Melgert BN. Neutrophilic Asthma Is Associated With Smoking, High Numbers of IRF5+, and Low Numbers of IL10+ Macrophages. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:676930. [PMID: 35387061 PMCID: PMC8974785 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.676930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogenous disease with different inflammatory subgroups that differ in disease severity. This disease variation is hampering treatment and development of new treatment strategies. Macrophages may contribute to asthma phenotypes by their ability to activate in different ways, i.e., T helper cell 1 (Th1)-associated, Th2-associated, or anti-inflammatory activation. It is currently unknown if these different types of activation correspond with specific inflammatory subgroups of asthma. We hypothesized that eosinophilic asthma would be characterized by having Th2-associated macrophages, whereas neutrophilic asthma would have Th1-associated macrophages and both having few anti-inflammatory macrophages. We quantified macrophage subsets in bronchial biopsies of asthma patients using interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5)/CD68 for Th1-associated macrophages, CD206/CD68 for Th2-associated macrophages and interleukin 10 (IL10)/CD68 for anti-inflammatory macrophages. Macrophage subset percentages were investigated in subgroups of asthma as defined by unsupervised clustering using neutrophil/eosinophil counts in sputum and tissue and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Asthma patients clustered into four subgroups: mixed-eosinophilic/neutrophilic, paucigranulocytic, neutrophilic with normal FEV1, and neutrophilic with low FEV1, the latter group consisting mainly of smokers. No differences were found for CD206+ macrophages within asthma subgroups. In contrast, IRF5+ macrophages were significantly higher and IL10+ macrophages lower in neutrophilic asthmatics with low FEV1 as compared to those with neutrophilic asthma and normal FEV1 or mixed-eosinophilic asthma. This study shows that neutrophilic asthma with low FEV1 is associated with high numbers of IRF5+, and low numbers of IL10+ macrophages, which may be the result of combined effects of smoking and having asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Turan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Allergic Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - T. Anienke van der Veen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Christina Draijer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Fatemeh Fattahi
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nick H. ten Hacken
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Antoon J. van Oosterhout
- GlaxoSmithKline, Allergic Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Barbro N. Melgert
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Barbro N. Melgert
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5527-5542. [PMID: 34145462 PMCID: PMC8212897 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases take a very heavy toll in terms of morbidity and mortality equal to or even greater than that caused by metastatic cancer. In this review, we examine the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases, mainly addressing triggers for induction, processes that lead to progression, therapies and therapeutic trials. For the most part, we have focused on two fibrotic diseases with lung involvement, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, in which the contribution of inflammatory mechanisms may be secondary to non-immune triggers, and systemic sclerosis in which the contribution of adaptive immunity may be predominant.
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Lee HS, Park DE, Bae B, Oh K, Jung JW, Lee DS, Kim IG, Cho SH, Kang HR. Tranglutaminase 2 contributes to the asthmatic inflammation by modulating activation of alveolar macrophages. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:871-882. [PMID: 33945658 PMCID: PMC8342203 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a multifunctional calcium-dependent acyltransferase, is upregulated in asthmatic airways and reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of TG2 in alternative activation of alveolar macrophages by using murine asthma model. METHODS TG2 expression was assessed in induced sputum of 21 asthma patients and 19 healthy controls, and lung tissue of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model. To evaluate the role of TG2 in asthma, we developed an OVA asthma model in both TG2 null and wild-type mice. The expression of M2 macrophage markers was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) after OVA sensitization and challenge. To evaluate the effect of TG2 inhibition in vitro, interleukin 4 (IL-4) or IL-13-stimulated expression of M2 macrophage markers was measured in CRL-2456 cells in the presence and absence of a TG2 inhibitor. RESULTS The expression of both TG2 and M2 markers was increased in the sputum of asthmatics compared with that of healthy controls. The expression of TG2 was increased in macrophages of OVA mice. Airway hyperresponsiveness, and the number of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, was significantly reduced in TG2 null mice compared with wild-type mice. Enhanced expression of M2 markers in OVA mice was normalized by TG2 knockout. IL-4 or IL-13-stimulated expression of M2 markers in alveolar macrophages was also attenuated by TG2 inhibitor treatment in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TG2-mediated modulation of alveolar macrophage polarization plays important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seung Lee
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da-Eun Park
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Bae
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keunhee Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mi LL, Zhu Y, Lu HY. A crosstalk between type 2 innate lymphoid cells and alternative macrophages in lung development and lung diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:403. [PMID: 33786611 PMCID: PMC8025469 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important innate immune cells that are involved in type 2 inflammation, in both mice and humans. ILC2s are stimulated by factors, including interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-25, and activated ILC2s secrete several cytokines that mediate type 2 immunity by inducing profound changes in physiology, including activation of alternative (M2) macrophages. M2 macrophages possess immune modulatory, phagocytic, tissue repair and remodeling properties, and can regulate ILC2s under infection. The present review summarizes the role of ILC2s as innate cells and M2 macrophages as anti-inflammatory cells, and discusses current literature on their important biological significance. The present review also highlights how the crosstalk between ILC2s and M2 macrophages contributes to lung development, induces pulmonary parasitic expulsion, exacerbates pulmonary viral and fungal infections and allergic airway diseases, and promotes the development of lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and carcinoma of the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Mi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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Tarancón R, Mata E, Uranga S, Gómez AB, Marinova D, Otal I, Martín C, Aguiló N. Therapeutic efficacy of pulmonary live tuberculosis vaccines against established asthma by subverting local immune environment. EBioMedicine 2021; 64:103186. [PMID: 33478923 PMCID: PMC7910687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial recent advances in the comprehension of the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind asthma have evidenced the importance of the lung immune environment for disease outcome, making modulation of local immune responses an attractive therapeutic target against this pathology. Live attenuated mycobacteria, such as the tuberculosis vaccine BCG, have been classically linked with a type 1 response, and proposed as possible modulators of the type 2 response usually associated with asthma. Methods In this study we used different acute and chronic murine models of asthma to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of intranasal delivery of the live tuberculosis vaccines BCG and MTBVAC by regulating the lung immune environment associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Findings Intranasal administration of BCG, or the novel tuberculosis vaccine candidate MTBVAC, abrogated AHR-associated hallmarks, including eosinophilia and lung remodeling. This correlated with the re-polarization of allergen-induced M2 macrophages towards an M1 phenotype, as well as with the induction of a strong allergen-specific Th1 response. Importantly, vaccine treatment was effective in a scenario of established chronic asthma where a strong eosinophil infiltration was already present prior to immunization. We finally compared the nebulization efficiency of clinical formulations of MTBVAC and BCG using a standard commercial nebulizer for potential aerosol application. Interpretation Our results demonstrate that pulmonary live tuberculosis vaccines efficiently revert established asthma in mice. These data support the further exploration of this approach as potential therapy against asthma. Funding Spanish Ministry of Science [grant numbers: BIO2014-5258P, RTI2018-097625-B-I00], Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Gobierno de Aragón/Fondo Social Europeo, University of Zaragoza [grant number: JIUZ-2018-BIO-01].
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Tarancón
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS Aragón, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Elena Mata
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS Aragón, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Santiago Uranga
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS Aragón, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Gómez
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS Aragón, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Dessislava Marinova
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS Aragón, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Isabel Otal
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS Aragón, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS Aragón, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, ISS Aragón, Paseo Isabel la Católica 1-3, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Nacho Aguiló
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS Aragón, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Lee HY, Hur J, Kang JY, Rhee CK, Lee SY. MicroRNA-21 Inhibition Suppresses Alveolar M2 Macrophages in an Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma Mice Model. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:312-329. [PMID: 33474864 PMCID: PMC7840870 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.2.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) influences the Th2 immune pathway by suppressing the expressions of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ. The effects of miR-21 suppression on alveolar macrophage polarization and airway inflammation are not known. Methods BALB/c and miR-21 knockout (KO) mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). The anti-miR-21 antagomir was administered to BALB/c mice by intranasal inhalation from the day of OVA sensitization. Changes in cell counts, cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were examined. Total, M1, and M2 macrophages were examined in the lung tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). M2 macrophages from the OVA mice lung were inhaled into the anti-miR-21 antagomir-treated asthmatic mice. Moreover, the polarization of M0 to M2 macrophages upon IL-4 stimulation was analyzed after anti-miR-21 antagomir transfection. Results The miR-21 KO mice showed decreases in AHR, total cell and eosinophil counts in BALF, and in the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. Expression of IL-12 and IFN-γ were increased in the miR-21 KO mice. Peribronchial inflammation and goblet cell dysplasia were significantly decreased in the lung tissues of miR-21 KO OVA mice compared to the wild type OVA mice. IHC for M1, M2, and total macrophage in the lung tissues showed that miR-21 inhalation suppressed alveolar M2 macrophages in KO mice. M2 macrophage inhalation restored AHR and eosinophilic airway inflammation in the miR-21 antagomir-treated mice. Moreover, anti-miR-21 antagomir transfection decreased the expression of M2 markers and increased the expression of M1 markers in M0 macrophages after IL-4 stimulation. Conclusions The results suggest that miR-21 antagonism could suppress alveolar M2 macrophage polarization, decreasing not only the Th2 eosinophilic airway inflammation but also AHR and airway remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Lee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hur
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Insuela DBR, Ferrero MR, Coutinho DDS, Martins MA, Carvalho VF. Could Arachidonic Acid-Derived Pro-Resolving Mediators Be a New Therapeutic Strategy for Asthma Therapy? Front Immunol 2020; 11:580598. [PMID: 33362766 PMCID: PMC7755608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents one of the leading chronic diseases worldwide and causes a high global burden of death and disability. In asthmatic patients, the exacerbation and chronification of the inflammatory response are often related to a failure in the resolution phase of inflammation. We reviewed the role of the main arachidonic acid (AA) specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in the resolution of chronic lung inflammation of asthmatics. AA is metabolized by two classes of enzymes, cyclooxygenases (COX), which produce prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes, and lypoxygenases (LOX), which form leukotrienes and lipoxins (LXs). In asthma, two primary pro-resolving derived mediators from COXs are PGE2 and the cyclopentenone prostaglandin15-Deoxy-Delta-12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2) while from LOXs are the LXA4 and LXB4. In different models of asthma, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs reduced lung inflammation and remodeling. Furthermore, these SPMs inhibited chemotaxis and function of several inflammatory cells involved in asthma pathogenesis, such as eosinophils, and presented an antiremodeling effect in airway epithelial, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs are all able to induce macrophage reprogramming to an alternative M2 pro-resolving phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Although PGE2 and LXA4 showed some beneficial effects in asthmatic patients, there are limitations to their clinical use, since PGE2 caused side effects, while LXA4 presented low stability. Therefore, despite the strong evidence that these AA-derived SPMs induce resolution of both inflammatory response and tissue remodeling in asthma, safer and more stable analogs must be developed for further clinical investigation of their application in asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego de Sá Coutinho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Frias Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Galectins in allergic inflammatory diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100925. [PMID: 33203547 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Allergic inflammatory diseases are a global public health concern affecting millions of people. Although there are several potential hypotheses, details regarding their molecular mechanisms are still ambiguous. Recently, a group of β-galactoside-binding proteins, galectins, have been revealed as important factors in altering allergic chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we describe the molecular and cellular basis of how galectins modulate inflammatory reactions. We also provide an overview of clinical features related to galectins. Finally, we discuss the potential issues that might lead to misrepresentation of the exact biological functions of galectins.
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Qu Y, Hao C, Zhai R, Yao W. Folate and macrophage folate receptor-β in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis disease: the potential therapeutic target? Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Karhadkar TR, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Serum Amyloid P inhibits single stranded RNA-induced lung inflammation, lung damage, and cytokine storm in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32869032 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.26.269183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a single stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus and contains GU-rich sequences distributed abundantly in the genome. In COVID-19, the infection and immune hyperactivation causes accumulation of inflammatory immune cells, blood clots, and protein aggregates in lung fluid, increased lung alveolar wall thickness, and upregulation of serum cytokine levels. A serum protein called serum amyloid P (SAP) has a calming effect on the innate immune system and shows efficacy as a therapeutic for fibrosis in animal models and clinical trials. In this report, we show that aspiration of the GU-rich ssRNA oligonucleotide ORN06 into mouse lungs induces all of the above COVID-19-like symptoms. Men tend to have more severe COVID-19 symptoms than women, and in the aspirated ORN06 model, male mice tended to have more severe symptoms than female mice. Intraperitoneal injections of SAP starting from day 1 post ORN06 aspiration attenuated the ORN06-induced increase in the number of inflammatory cells and formation of clot-like aggregates in the mouse lung fluid, reduced ORN06-increased alveolar wall thickness and accumulation of exudates in the alveolar airspace, and attenuated an ORN06-induced upregulation of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, and IL-27 in serum. Together, these results suggest that aspiration of ORN06 is a simple model for both COVID-19 as well as cytokine storm in general, and that SAP is a potential therapeutic for diseases with COVID-19-like symptoms as well as diseases that generate a cytokine storm.
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Wang Q, Zhang HW, Mei HX, Ye Y, Xu HR, Xiang SY, Yang Q, Zheng SX, Smith FG, Jin SW. MCTR1 enhances the resolution of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury through STAT6-mediated resident M2 alveolar macrophage polarization in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9646-9657. [PMID: 32757380 PMCID: PMC7520340 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fatal disease characterized by excessive infiltration of inflammatory cells. MCTR1 is an endogenously pro-resolution lipid mediator. We tested the hypothesis that MCTR1 accelerates inflammation resolution through resident M2 alveolar macrophage polarization. The mice received MCTR1 via intraperitoneal administration 3 days after LPS stimulation, and then, the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected 24 hours later to measure the neutrophil numbers. Flow cytometry was used to sort the resident and recruited macrophages. Post-treatment with MCTR1 offered dramatic benefits in the resolution phase of LPS-induced lung injury, including decreased neutrophil numbers, reduced BAL fluid protein and albumin concentrations and reduced histological injury. In addition, the expression of the M2 markers Arg1, FIZZ1, Remlα, CD206 and Dectin-1 was increased on resident macrophages in the LPS + MCTR1 group. Resident macrophage depletion abrogated the therapeutic effects of MCTR1, and reinjection of the sorted resident macrophages into the lung decreased neutrophil numbers. Finally, treatment with MCTR1 increased STAT6 phosphorylation. The STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 abolished the beneficial effects of MCTR1. In conclusion, MCTR1 promotes resident M2 alveolar macrophage polarization via the STAT6 pathway to accelerate resolution of LPS-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua-Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Xia Mei
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao-Ran Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-Yang Xiang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng-Xing Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang-Gao Smith
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sheng-Wei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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Huang E, Peng N, Xiao F, Hu D, Wang X, Lu L. The Roles of Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5203. [PMID: 32708044 PMCID: PMC7432671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury and inflammatory response trigger the development of fibrosis in various diseases. It has been recognized that both innate and adaptive immune cells are important players with multifaceted functions in fibrogenesis. The activated immune cells produce various cytokines, modulate the differentiation and functions of myofibroblasts via diverse molecular mechanisms, and regulate fibrotic development. The immune cells exhibit differential functions during different stages of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we summarized recent advances in understanding the roles of immune cells in regulating fibrotic development and immune-based therapies in different disorders and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms with a focus on mTOR and JAK-STAT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Huang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China; (N.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Dajun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China; (N.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (E.H.); (F.X.)
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Jaiswal A, Maurya M, Maurya P, Barthwal MK. Lin28B Regulates Angiotensin II-Mediated Let-7c/miR-99a MicroRNA Formation Consequently Affecting Macrophage Polarization and Allergic Inflammation. Inflammation 2020; 43:1846-1861. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to several fungal infections. The genus Aspergillus can cause increased morbidity and mortality. Developing new therapies is essential to understand the fungal biology mechanisms. Fungal EVs carry important virulence factors, thus playing pivotal roles in fungal pathophysiology. No study to date has reported EV production by Aspergillus flavus, a fungus considered to be the second most common cause of aspergillosis and relevant food contaminator found worldwide. In this study, we produced A. flavus EVs and evaluated the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of EVs on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and in vivo effects in a Galleria mellonella model. Aspergillus flavus, a ubiquitous and saprophytic fungus, is the second most common cause of aspergillosis worldwide. Several mechanisms contribute to the establishment of the fungal infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described as “virulence factor delivery bags” in several fungal species, demonstrating a crucial role during the infection. In this study, we evaluated production of A. flavus EVs and their immunomodulatory functions. We verified that A. flavus EVs induce macrophages to produce inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β. Furthermore, the A. flavus EVs enhance phagocytosis and killing by macrophages and induce M1 macrophage polarization in vitro. In addition, a prior inoculation of A. flavus EVs in Galleria mellonella larvae resulted in a protective effect against the fungal infection. Our findings suggest that A. flavus EVs are biologically active and affect the interaction between A. flavus and host immune cells, priming the innate immune system to eliminate the fungal infection. Collectively, our results suggest that A. flavus EVs play a crucial role in aspergillosis. IMPORTANCE Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to several fungal infections. The genus Aspergillus can cause increased morbidity and mortality. Developing new therapies is essential to understand the fungal biology mechanisms. Fungal EVs carry important virulence factors, thus playing pivotal roles in fungal pathophysiology. No study to date has reported EV production by Aspergillus flavus, a fungus considered to be the second most common cause of aspergillosis and relevant food contaminator found worldwide. In this study, we produced A. flavus EVs and evaluated the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of EVs on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and in vivo effects in a Galleria mellonella model.
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Mechanism of Xu Li's Experiential Prescription for the Treatment of EGFR-Positive NSCLC. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8787153. [PMID: 32256661 PMCID: PMC7091530 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8787153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer which seriously threatens the human health. Xu Li's experiential prescription (XLEP) can treat the NSCLC. However, whether XLEP can regulate the autophagy in the EGFR-positive NSCLC still remains unknown. We found that the cellular activity of drug-resistant cells and sensitive cells were all decreased in the TCM group and TCM + Gef group. The expression of autophagy-associated proteins (mTOR and Beclin1-Vps34) in drug-resistant cells was decreased in the TCM group, while the expression of autophagy-associated proteins in sensitive cells was all decreased in the TCM + Gef group. The ratio of M1/M2 macrophages was increased when IL-4-induced RAW264.7 was treated with TCM. TCM treatment promoted the expression of CCL2 and CCL3 while it downregulated the CCL22 level among A549, H1975, and PC9 cells. The expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was increased, and the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β was decreased in IL-4-induced RAW264.7 cells treated with TCM. And, TCM treatment also decreased the expression of Fizz1 and TGM2. In conclusion, this study indicated that XLEP could suppress the proliferation of EGFR-TKI-resistant cancer cells and increase the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages by inhibiting autophagy to treat the drug-resistant EGFR-positive NSCLC.
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Li ML, Su XM, Ren Y, Zhao X, Kong LF, Kang J. HDAC8 inhibitor attenuates airway responses to antigen stimulus through synchronously suppressing galectin-3 expression and reducing macrophage-2 polarization. Respir Res 2020; 21:62. [PMID: 32111211 PMCID: PMC7048058 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-1322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was to investigate of the mechanism by which histone deacetylase (HDAC) 8 inhibitor ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation. Methods Mice were sensitized and then treated with budesonide (BUD) or PCI-34051 (PCI) prior to exposing to normal saline (NS) or ovalbumin (OVA). The raw264.7 cells were treated with interleukin (IL)-4 and PCI or shRNA alone. Repetitive measurements of enhanced pause (Penh) were executed by increasing concentrations of acetyl-β-methacholine chloride (0 - 50 mg/ml). Cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pathological changes of lungs were examined, respectively. The expression levels of HDAC8, Galecitn (Gal)-3, CD68, CD86, CD163, Arg1 and NOS2 in lungs were measured. Co-regulation of HDAC8 and Gal-3 proteins was observed by immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation assay (Co-IP). Results Significant increases in Penh and IL-4 level were detected with a large inflammatory infiltrate, comprised predominantly of macrophages and eosinophils, into the BALF in OVA-exposed lungs. HDAC8, Gal-3, CD68, CD86, CD163, Arg1 and NOS2 proteins were over-expressed with the significant changes in the Arg1 and NOS2 mRNA levels in the lungs and the IL-4-treated cells. PCI intervention obviously reduced the counts of CD163+ cells. Furthermore, Gal-3 knockdown suppressed Arg1 expression in the cells. Immunofluorescence staining displayed simultaneous changes in HDAC8 and Gal-3 expression in the investigated samples. Treatment with PCI resulted in synchronous reduction of HDAC8 and Gal-3 expression in the Co-IP complexes. Conclusions The HDAC8 inhibitor ameliorates AHR and airway inflammation in animal model of allergic asthma through reducing HDAC8-Gal-3 interaction and M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin-Ming Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling-Fei Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Parente R, Doni A, Bottazzi B, Garlanda C, Inforzato A. The complement system in Aspergillus fumigatus infections and its crosstalk with pentraxins. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2480-2501. [PMID: 31994174 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillosis is a life-threatening infection mostly affecting immunocompromised individuals and primarily caused by the saprophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. At the host-pathogen interface, both cellular and humoral components of the innate immune system are increasingly acknowledged as essential players in the recognition and disposal of this opportunistic mold. Fundamental hereof is the contribution of the complement system, which deploys all three activation pathways in the battle against A. fumigatus, and functionally cooperates with other soluble pattern recognition molecules, including pentraxins. In particular, preclinical and clinical observations point to the long pentraxin PTX3 as a nonredundant and complement-dependent effector with protective functions against A. fumigatus. Based on past and current literature, here we discuss how the complement participates in the immune response to this fungal pathogen, and illustrate its crosstalk with the pentraxins, with a focus on PTX3. Emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms underlying such processes, the genetic evidence from human epidemiology, and the translational potential of the currently available knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Parente
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bottazzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute - IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute - IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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Abdelaziz MH, Abdelwahab SF, Wan J, Cai W, Huixuan W, Jianjun C, Kumar KD, Vasudevan A, Sadek A, Su Z, Wang S, Xu H. Alternatively activated macrophages; a double-edged sword in allergic asthma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:58. [PMID: 32024540 PMCID: PMC7003359 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are heterogenous phagocytic cells with an important role in the innate immunity. They are, also, significant contributors in the adaptive immune system. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the lung during allergic asthma, which is the most common chronic respiratory disease of both adults and children. Macrophages activated by Th1 cells are known as M1 macrophages while those activated by IL-4 and IL-13 are called alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) or M2 cells. AAM are subdivided into four distinct subtypes (M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d), depending on the nature of inducing agent and the expressed markers. BODY: IL-4 is the major effector cytokine in both alternative activation of macrophages and pathogenesis of asthma. Thus, the role of M2a macrophages in asthma is a major concern. However, this is controversial. Therefore, further studies are required to improve our knowledge about the role of IL-4-induced macrophages in allergic asthma, through precisive elucidation of the roles of specific M2a proteins in the pathogenesis of asthma. In the current review, we try to illustrate the different functions of M2a macrophages (protective and pathogenic roles) in the pathogenesis of asthma, including explanation of how different M2a proteins and markers act during the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. These include surface markers, enzymes, secreted proteins, chemokines, cytokines, signal transduction proteins and transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS AAM is considered a double-edged sword in allergic asthma. Finally, we recommend further studies that focus on increased selective expression or suppression of protective and pathogenic M2a markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed Abdelaziz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sayed F Abdelwahab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt.
- Division of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Taif, 21974, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Huixuan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Jianjun
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kesavan Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aparna Vasudevan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ahmed Sadek
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Heat shock protein 90 is downregulated in calcific aortic valve disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:306. [PMID: 31856737 PMCID: PMC6923932 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-01294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is an atheroinflammatory process; finally it leads to progressive calcification of the valve. There is no effective pharmacological treatment for CAVD and many of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We conducted a proteomic study to reveal novel factors associated with CAVD. Methods We compared aortic valves from patients undergoing valvular replacement surgery due to non-calcified aortic insufficiency (control group, n = 5) to a stenotic group (n = 7) using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Protein spots were identified with mass spectrometry. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the results in a separate patient cohort and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was exploited to predict the regulatory network of CAVD. Results We detected an upregulation of complement 9 (C9), serum amyloid P-component (APCS) and transgelin as well as downregulation of heat shock protein (HSP90), protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3), annexin A2 (ANXA2) and galectin-1 in patients with aortic valve stenosis. The decreased protein expression of HSP90 was confirmed with Western blot. Conclusions We describe here a novel data set of proteomic changes associated with CAVD, including downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytosolic protein, HSP90.
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Han X, Huang S, Xue P, Fu J, Liu L, Zhang C, Yang L, Xia L, Sun L, Huang SK, Zhou Y. LncRNA PTPRE-AS1 modulates M2 macrophage activation and inflammatory diseases by epigenetic promotion of PTPRE. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax9230. [PMID: 31844669 PMCID: PMC6905863 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of diverse biological processes; however, their function in macrophage activation is undefined. We describe a new regulatory mechanism, where an unreported lncRNA, PTPRE-AS1, targets receptor-type tyrosine protein phosphatase ε (PTPRE) to regulate macrophage activation. PTPRE-AS1 was selectively expressed in IL-4-stimulated macrophages, and its knockdown promoted M2 macrophage activation via MAPK/ERK 1/2 pathway. In vivo, PTPRE-AS1 deficiency enhanced IL-4-mediated M2 macrophage activation and accelerated pulmonary allergic inflammation while reducing chemical-induced colitis. Mechanistically, PTPRE-AS1 bound WDR5 directly, modulating H3K4me3 of the PTPRE promoter to regulate PTPRE-dependent signaling during M2 macrophage activation. Further, the expression of PTPRE-AS1 and PTPRE was significantly lower in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with allergic asthma. These results provide evidence supporting the importance of PTPRE-AS1 in controlling macrophage function and the potential utility of PTPRE-AS1 as a target for controlling inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Children’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saihua Huang
- Children’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Children’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Children’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Children’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiyan Zhang
- Children’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Children’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xia
- Children’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Children’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Lou-Hu Hospital, Shen-Zhen University, Shen-Zhen, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Children’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cai SY, Nie L, Chen J. C-reactive protein/serum amyloid P promotes pro-inflammatory function and induces M1-type polarization of monocytes/macrophages in mudskipper, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:318-326. [PMID: 31513914 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P (SAP) play essential roles in the phagocytic cell-mediated innate immune response of mammals. In-depth studies into CRP and SAP have been completed in mammals; however, such studies, particularly those relating to the functions of CRP and SAP, are rare in fish species. In this study, a homolog of CRP/SAP (BpCRP/SAP) was identified in mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris), which had the typical characteristics of a fish short pentraxin protein. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that BpCRP/SAP was most closely related to mudskipper CRP/SAP-l3. BpCRP/SAP transcripts were detected in all tested tissues, with the highest level observed in the liver; transcripts in the immune tissues and protein expression in the serum were induced in response to Edwardsiella tarda infection. The active recombinant BpCRP/SAP (rBpCRP/SAP) was able to augment the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuate the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in monocytes/macrophages (MO/MΦ). In addition, phagocytosis and bacterial killing of E. tarda by mudskipper MO/MΦ were boosted by rBpCRP/SAP stimulation. rBpCRP/SAP also promoted M1-type MO/MΦ polarization, but inhibited M2-type polarization. In conclusion, the present research describes the pro-inflammatory function of BpCRP/SAP in mudskipper against E. tarda infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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Current advances in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies and candidate molecules. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2595-2620. [PMID: 31633402 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a type of chronic, progressive lung disease with unknown cause, which is characterized by increasing dyspnea and destruction of lung function with a high mortality rate. Evolving evidence demonstrated that the pathogenesis of IPF involved multiple signaling pathways such as inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. However, drug discovery to prevent or revert IPF has been insufficient to cope with the development. Drug discovery targeting multiple links should be considered. In this review, we will brief the pathogenesis of IPF and discuss several small chemical entities toward the pathogenesis for IPF studied in animal models and clinical trials. The field of novel anti-IPF agents and the future directions for the prevention and treatment of IPF are detailed thoroughly discussed.
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