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Van Buren E, Azzara D, Rangel-Moreno J, Garcia-Hernandez MDLL, Murphy SP, Cohen ED, Lewis E, Lin X, Park HR. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals placental response under environmental stress. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6549. [PMID: 39095385 PMCID: PMC11297347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The placenta is crucial for fetal development, yet the impact of environmental stressors such as arsenic exposure remains poorly understood. We apply single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the response of the mouse placenta to arsenic, revealing cell-type-specific gene expression, function, and pathological changes. Notably, the Prap1 gene, which encodes proline-rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1), is significantly upregulated in 26 placental cell types including various trophoblast cells. Our study shows a female-biased increase in PRAP1 in response to arsenic and localizes it in the placenta. In vitro and ex vivo experiments confirm PRAP1 upregulation following arsenic treatment and demonstrate that recombinant PRAP1 protein reduces arsenic-induced cytotoxicity and downregulates cell cycle pathways in human trophoblast cells. Moreover, PRAP1 knockdown differentially affects cell cycle processes, proliferation, and cell death depending on the presence of arsenic. Our findings provide insights into the placental response to environmental stress, offering potential preventative and therapeutic approaches for environment-related adverse outcomes in mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Van Buren
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Azzara
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Shawn P Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ethan D Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ethan Lewis
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hae-Ryung Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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2
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Han R, Zhu D, Sha J, Zhao B, Jin P, Meng C. Decoding the role of DNA methylation in allergic diseases: from pathogenesis to therapy. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:89. [PMID: 38965641 PMCID: PMC11225420 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and symptoms, encompass a significant category of IgE-mediated atopic disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. These complex conditions arise from the intricate interplay between genetic and environmental factors and are known to contribute to socioeconomic burdens globally. Recent advancements in the study of allergic diseases have illuminated the crucial role of DNA methylation (DNAm) in their pathogenesis. This review explores the factors influencing DNAm in allergic diseases and delves into their mechanisms, offering valuable perspectives for clinicians. Understanding these epigenetic modifications aims to lay the groundwork for improved early prevention strategies. Moreover, our analysis of DNAm mechanisms in these conditions seeks to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, paving the way for more effective management of allergic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Han
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongdong Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Airway Allergic Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Jichao Sha
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Airway Allergic Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Boning Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael ST NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Cuida Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Airway Allergic Diseases, Changchun, China.
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3
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Chu DK, Koplin JJ, Ahmed T, Islam N, Chang CL, Lowe AJ. How to Prevent Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) in 2024: Theory and Evidence. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1695-1704. [PMID: 38703820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. We review emerging concepts and clinical evidence addressing the pathogenesis and prevention of AD. We examine several interventions ranging from skin barrier enhancement strategies to probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics; and conversely, from antimicrobial exposure to vitamin D and omega fatty acid supplementation; breastfeeding and hydrolyzed formula; and house dust mite avoidance and immunotherapy. We appraise the available evidence base within the context of the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We also contextualize our findings in relation to concepts relating AD and individual-patient allergic life trajectories versus a linear concept of the atopic march and provide insights into future knowledge gaps and clinical trial design considerations that must be addressed in forthcoming research. Finally, we provide implementation considerations to detect population-level differences in AD risk. Major international efforts are required to provide definitive evidence regarding what works and what does not for preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Chu
- Evidence in Allergy Group, Department Medicine and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Food Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tasnuva Ahmed
- Evidence in Allergy Group, Department Medicine and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Evidence in Allergy Group, Department Medicine and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Centre for Food Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Centre for Food Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Harnett W, Harnett MM. Epigenetic changes induced by parasitic worms and their excretory-secretory products. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:55-63. [PMID: 38334208 PMCID: PMC10903456 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Parasitic worms are pathogens of major medical and veterinary importance. They have evolved highly effective and sophisticated strategies of immune system manipulation, typically involving actively excreted/secreted (E-S) products. These molecules dampen and regulate the host immune responses that would otherwise result in parasite expulsion, thereby enabling the worms to survive in the host for many years, and they can also help prevent the potentially serious tissue damage that the worms can induce. Reflecting these E-S product-associated anti-inflammatory activities, there is also increasing evidence that parasitic worms and their products may serendipitously protect against allergic and autoimmune conditions and in addition, comorbidities of ageing that are associated with inflammatory responses, like type 2 diabetes and obesity. Research in this area has to date generally focused on identifying the cellular and effector targets of immunomodulation induced by the worm E-S products. However, increasing evidence that they can induce stably imprinted phenotypes of haematopoietic and stromal cells which promote their long-lasting survival has recently ignited interest in the ability of the molecules to epigenetically rewire cells to 'resolve and repair' phenotypes. Here, we review and discuss these new data in the context of their potential for exploitation in identifying novel gene signatures for the development of advanced and safe therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
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5
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Yeh YW, Xiang Z. Mouse hygiene status-A tale of two environments for mast cells and allergy. Allergol Int 2024; 73:58-64. [PMID: 37673735 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models, including those employing the use of house mice (Mus musculus), are crucial in elucidating mechanisms in human pathophysiology. However, it is evident that the impreciseness of using laboratory mice maintained in super-hygienic barrier facilities to mirror relevant aspects of human physiology and pathology exists, which is a major limitation in translating mouse findings to inferring human medicine. Interestingly, free-living wild mice are found to be substantially different from laboratory-bred, specific pathogen-free mice with respect to various immune system compartments. Wild mice have an immune system that better reflects human immunity. In this review article, we discuss recent experimental findings that address the so-called "wild immunology", which reveals the contrasting immune features between laboratory-raised mice and their wild companions as well as laboratory mice that have been exposed to a natural rodent habitat. A particular focus will be given to the development of pulmonary mast cells and its possible impact on the use of "naturalized" or "rewilded" laboratory mice as experimental asthma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Yeh
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Simões J, Sales Luís JP, Madeira de Carvalho L, Tilley P. Severely Asthmatic Horses Residing in a Mediterranean Climate Shed a Significantly Lower Number of Parasite Eggs Compared to Healthy Farm Mates. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2928. [PMID: 37760328 PMCID: PMC10525552 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between helminth infection and allergic diseases has long intrigued the scientific community. This interaction was previously studied in a horse family with high incidence of severe equine asthma and in non-related severely asthmatic horses from equine hospital referrals in Switzerland. Our aim was to determine if this interaction would also be observed in a group of non-related client-owned severely asthmatic horses living in a Mediterranean climate and recruited through a first-opinion veterinarian group. Fecal samples from severe equine asthma-affected and healthy horses living in the same farms and subjected to identical environmental and deworming management were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Strongyle-type eggs and Cyathostomum sensu latum larvae were the most abundant parasites in the studied population of horses; no significant differences between the groups were observed regarding the types of egg and infective larvae. However, we observed significant differences in the number of eggs and infective larvae per gram of feces shed, as this number was significantly lower in the SEA group than in the healthy horses. This may indicate that severely asthmatic horses have an intrinsic resistance to gastrointestinal helminths. Further studies in a larger population of horses are required to ascertain the immunological mechanisms responsible for these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Simões
- Equine Health and Welfare Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Sales Luís
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Madeira de Carvalho
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Tilley
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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7
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Camelo GMA, Silva JKADO, Geiger SM, Melo MN, Negrão-Corrêa DA. Schistosoma and Leishmania: An Untold Story of Coinfection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:383. [PMID: 37624321 PMCID: PMC10458104 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A remarkable characteristic of infectious diseases classified as Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) is the fact that they are mostly transmitted in tropical and subtropical regions with poor conditions of sanitation and low access to healthcare, which makes transmission areas more likely to overlap. Two of the most important NTDs, schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis, despite being caused by very different etiological agents, have their pathogenesis heavily associated with immune-mediated mechanisms, and Schistosoma spp. and Leishmania spp. have been shown to simultaneously infect humans. Still, the consequences of Schistosoma-Leishmania coinfections remain underexplored. As the inflammatory processes elicited by each one of these parasites can influence the other, several changes have been observed due to this coinfection in naturally infected humans, experimental models, and in vitro cell assays, including modifications in susceptibility to infection, pathogenesis, prognostic, and response to treatment. Herein, we review the current knowledge in Schistosoma-Leishmania coinfections in both human populations and experimental models, with special regard to how schistosomiasis affects tegumentary leishmaniasis, discuss future perspectives, and suggest a few steps to further improve our understanding in this model of parasite-host-parasite interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Deborah Aparecida Negrão-Corrêa
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (G.M.A.C.)
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8
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Chia SL, Kapoor S, Carvalho C, Bajénoff M, Gentek R. Mast cell ontogeny: From fetal development to life-long health and disease. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:31-53. [PMID: 36752151 PMCID: PMC10952628 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are evolutionarily ancient innate immune cells with important roles in protective immunity against bacteria, parasites, and venomous animals. They can be found in most organs of the body, where they also contribute to normal tissue functioning, for example by engaging in crosstalk with nerves. Despite this, they are most widely known for their detrimental roles in allergy, anaphylaxis, and atopic disease. Just like macrophages, mast cells were conventionally thought to originate from the bone marrow. However, they are already present in fetal tissues before the onset of bone marrow hematopoiesis, questioning this dogma. In recent years, our view of myeloid cell ontogeny has been revised. We now know that the first mast cells originate from progenitors made in the extra-embryonic yolk sac, and later get supplemented with mast cells produced from subsequent waves of hematopoiesis. In most connective tissues, sizeable populations of fetal-derived mast cells persist into adulthood, where they self-maintain largely independently from the bone marrow. These developmental origins are highly reminiscent of macrophages, which are known to have critical functions in development. Mast cells too may thus support healthy development. Their fetal origins and longevity also make mast cells susceptible to genetic and environmental perturbations, which may render them pathological. Here, we review our current understanding of mast cell biology from a developmental perspective. We first summarize how mast cell populations are established from distinct hematopoietic progenitor waves, and how they are subsequently maintained throughout life. We then discuss what functions mast cells may normally have at early life stages, and how they may be co-opted to cause, worsen, or increase susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Li Chia
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Simran Kapoor
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Cyril Carvalho
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐Luminy (CIML)MarseilleFrance
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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9
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Gibbs LC, Oviedo JM, Ondigo BN, Fairfax KC. Maternal infection causes dysfunctional BCR signaling in male offspring due to aberrant Xist expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528357. [PMID: 36824836 PMCID: PMC9948949 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Infections during pregnancy with pathogens such as helminths correlate with altered immune responses to common childhood immunizations. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this remain unknown. Using our murine model of maternal schistosomiasis, when immunized, males from infected mothers had a lower frequency of antigen-specific germinal center B cells and downregulation of transcripts downstream of BCR signaling compared to males from uninfected mothers. This is driven by a reduction in developing B cell populations within the bone marrow of pups from infected mothers. Males from infected mothers were impacted to a greater extent than their female littermate counterparts. We found this defect to be caused by aberrant expression of the long non-coding RNA Xist in males leading to dysregulated Igα expression on developing B cells. This, for the first time, links dysfunctional BCR signaling with Xist expression, while also proposing a detrimental function for Xist expression in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C. Gibbs
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah; Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Juan M. Oviedo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah; Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Keke C. Fairfax
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah; Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Lacorcia M, Kugyelka R, Spechtenhauser L, Prodjinotho UF, Hamway Y, Spangenberg T, da Costa CP. Praziquantel Reduces Maternal Mortality and Offspring Morbidity by Enhancing Anti-Helminthic Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878029. [PMID: 35833137 PMCID: PMC9272909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside the wide distribution throughout sub Saharan Africa of schistosomiasis, the morbidity associated with this chronic parasitic disease in endemic regions is often coupled with infection-driven immunomodulatory processes which modify inflammatory responses. Early life parasite exposure is theorized to drive immune tolerance towards cognate infection as well as bystander immune responses, beginning with in utero exposure to maternal infection. Considering that 40 million women of childbearing-age are at risk of infection worldwide, treatment with Praziquantel during pregnancy as currently recommended by WHO could have significant impact on disease outcomes in these populations. Here, we describe the effects of anthelminthic treatment on parasite-induced changes to fetomaternal cross talk in a murine model of maternal schistosomiasis. Praziquantel administration immediately prior to mating lead to clear re-awakening of maternal anti-parasite immune responses, with persistent maternal immune activation that included enhanced anti-schistosome cytokine responses. Clearance of parasites also improved capacity of dams to endure the additional pressure of pregnancy during infection. Maternal treatment also drove lasting functional alterations to immune system development of exposed offspring. Prenatal anthelminthic treatment skewed offspring immune responses towards parasite clearance and reduced morbidity during cognate infection. Maternal treatment also restored offspring protective IgE antibody responses directed against schistosome antigens, which were otherwise suppressed following exposure to untreated maternal infection. This was further associated with enhanced anti-schistosome cytokine responses from treatment-exposed offspring during infection. In the absence of cognate infection, exposed offspring further demonstrated imprinting across cellular populations. We provide further evidence that maternal treatment can restore a more normalized immune profile to such offspring exposed in utero to parasite infection, particularly in B cell populations, which may underlie improved responsiveness to cognate infection, and support the WHO recommendation of anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lacorcia
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Institute for Med. Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Munich, Germany
| | - Réka Kugyelka
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Institute for Med. Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenz Spechtenhauser
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Institute for Med. Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Fabien Prodjinotho
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Institute for Med. Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Munich, Germany
| | - Youssef Hamway
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Institute for Med. Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Global Health Institute of Merck, Ares Trading S.A. (a subsidiary of Merck KGaA Darmstadt Germany), Eysins, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Institute for Med. Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Munich, Germany
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11
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Mast Cell Activation Syndrome in COVID-19 and Female Reproductive Function: Theoretical Background vs. Accumulating Clinical Evidence. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9534163. [PMID: 35785029 PMCID: PMC9242765 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9534163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, can affect almost all systems and organs of the human body, including those responsible for reproductive function in women. The multisystem inflammatory response in COVID-19 shows many analogies with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), and MCAS may be an important component in the course of COVID-19. Of note, the female sex hormones estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) significantly influence mast cell (MC) behavior. This review presents the importance of MCs and the mediators from their granules in the female reproductive system, including pregnancy, and discusses the mechanism of potential disorders related to MCAS. Then, the available data on COVID-19 in the context of hormonal disorders, the course of endometriosis, female fertility, and the course of pregnancy were compiled to verify intuitively predicted threats. Surprisingly, although COVID-19 hyperinflammation and post-COVID-19 illness may be rooted in MCAS, the available clinical data do not provide grounds for treating this mechanism as significantly increasing the risk of abnormal female reproductive function, including pregnancy. Further studies in the context of post COVID-19 condition (long COVID), where inflammation and a procoagulative state resemble many aspects of MCAS, are needed.
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12
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Ogongo P, Nyakundi RK, Chege GK, Ochola L. The Road to Elimination: Current State of Schistosomiasis Research and Progress Towards the End Game. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846108. [PMID: 35592327 PMCID: PMC9112563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The new WHO Roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases targets the global elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem. To date, control strategies have focused on effective diagnostics, mass drug administration, complementary and integrative public health interventions. Non-mammalian intermediate hosts and other vertebrates promote transmission of schistosomiasis and have been utilized as experimental model systems. Experimental animal models that recapitulate schistosomiasis immunology, disease progression, and pathology observed in humans are important in testing and validation of control interventions. We discuss the pivotal value of these models in contributing to elimination of schistosomiasis. Treatment of schistosomiasis relies heavily on mass drug administration of praziquantel whose efficacy is comprised due to re-infections and experimental systems have revealed the inability to kill juvenile schistosomes. In terms of diagnosis, nonhuman primate models have demonstrated the low sensitivity of the gold standard Kato Katz smear technique. Antibody assays are valuable tools for evaluating efficacy of candidate vaccines, and sera from graded infection experiments are useful for evaluating diagnostic sensitivity of different targets. Lastly, the presence of Schistosomes can compromise the efficacy of vaccines to other infectious diseases and its elimination will benefit control programs of the other diseases. As the focus moves towards schistosomiasis elimination, it will be critical to integrate treatment, diagnostics, novel research tools such as sequencing, improved understanding of disease pathogenesis and utilization of experimental models to assist with evaluating performance of new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth K. Nyakundi
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gerald K. Chege
- Primate Unit & Delft Animal Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lucy Ochola
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Behavioural and Lifestyle Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
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13
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Gibbs L, Fairfax KC. Altered Offspring Immunity in Maternal Parasitic Infections. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:221-226. [PMID: 35017211 PMCID: PMC8769501 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy is known to alter the development and function of offspring's immune system, leading to inappropriate immune responses to common childhood infections and immunizations. Although this is an expanding field, maternal parasitic infections remain understudied. Millions of women of reproductive age are currently at risk for parasitic infection, whereas many pregnant, chronically infected women are excluded from mass drug administration due partially to a lack of resources, as well as fear of unknown adverse fetal developmental outcomes. In areas endemic for multiple parasitic infections, such as sub-Saharan Africa, there are increased rates of morbidity and mortality for various infections during early childhood in comparison with nonendemic areas. Despite evidence supporting similar immunomodulatory effects between various parasite species, there is no clear mechanistic understanding of how maternal infection reprograms offspring immunity. This brief review will compare the effects of selected maternal parasitic infections on offspring immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gibbs
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, USA
| | - Keke C. Fairfax
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, USA
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López-Cervantes JP, Lønnebotn M, Jogi NO, Calciano L, Kuiper IN, Darby MG, Dharmage SC, Gómez-Real F, Hammer B, Bertelsen RJ, Johannessen A, Würtz AML, Mørkve Knudsen T, Koplin J, Pape K, Skulstad SM, Timm S, Tjalvin G, Krauss-Etschmann S, Accordini S, Schlünssen V, Kirkeleit J, Svanes C. The Exposome Approach in Allergies and Lung Diseases: Is It Time to Define a Preconception Exposome? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12684. [PMID: 34886409 PMCID: PMC8657011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research suggests environmental exposures before conception may adversely affect allergies and lung diseases in future generations. Most studies are limited as they have focused on single exposures, not considering that these diseases have a multifactorial origin in which environmental and lifestyle factors are likely to interact. Traditional exposure assessment methods fail to capture the interactions among environmental exposures and their impact on fundamental biological processes, as well as individual and temporal factors. A valid estimation of exposure preconception is difficult since the human reproductive cycle spans decades and the access to germ cells is limited. The exposome is defined as the cumulative measure of external exposures on an organism (external exposome), and the associated biological responses (endogenous exposome) throughout the lifespan, from conception and onwards. An exposome approach implies a targeted or agnostic analysis of the concurrent and temporal multiple exposures, and may, together with recent technological advances, improve the assessment of the environmental contributors to health and disease. This review describes the current knowledge on preconception environmental exposures as related to respiratory health outcomes in offspring. We discuss the usefulness and feasibility of using an exposome approach in this research, advocating for the preconception exposure window to become included in the exposome concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo López-Cervantes
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Marianne Lønnebotn
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Nils Oskar Jogi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Matthew G. Darby
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.C.D.); (J.K.)
| | - Francisco Gómez-Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5053 Bergen, Norway
| | - Barbara Hammer
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | | | - Ane Johannessen
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Anne Mette Lund Würtz
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Toril Mørkve Knudsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.C.D.); (J.K.)
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kathrine Pape
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Svein Magne Skulstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Signe Timm
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Research Unit, Kolding Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6000 Kolding, Denmark
| | - Gro Tjalvin
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | | | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
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Taylor M, Pillaye J, Horsnell WGC. Inherent maternal type 2 immunity: Consequences for maternal and offspring health. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101527. [PMID: 34838445 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An inherent elevation in type 2 immunity is a feature of maternal and offspring immune systems. This has diverse implications for maternal and offspring biology including influencing success of pregnancy, offspring immune development and maternal and offspring ability to control infection and diseases such as allergies. In this review we provide a broad insight into how this immunological feature of pregnancy and early life impacts both maternal and offspring biology. We also suggest how understanding of this axis of immune influence is and may be utilised to improve maternal and offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, The Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
| | - Jamie Pillaye
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - William Gordon Charles Horsnell
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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El Ahdab N, Haque M, Madogwe E, Koski KG, Scott ME. Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22082. [PMID: 34764345 PMCID: PMC8585879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expression of genes associated with four distinct types of T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) and with leukocyte transendothelial migration and endocytosis transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the postnatal brain of offspring of nematode-infected mice, through secondary analysis of a whole brain gene expression database. Th1/Th17 expression was lowered by maternal infection as evidenced by down-regulated expression of IL1β, Th1 receptors and related proteins, and of IL22 and several Th17 genes associated with immunopathology. In contrast, Th2/Treg related pathways were upregulated as shown by higher expression of IL4 and TGF-β family genes. Maternal infection also upregulated expression of pathways and integrin genes involved in transport of leukocytes in between endothelial cells but downregulated endosome vesicle formation related genes that are necessary for endocytosis of immunoglobulins across the BBB. Taken together, pup brain gene expression indicates that maternal nematode infection enhanced movement of leukocytes across the neonatal BBB and promoted a Th2/Treg environment that presumably minimizes the proinflammatory Th1 response in the pup brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal El Ahdab
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Manjurul Haque
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ejimedo Madogwe
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Lacorcia M, Bhattacharjee S, Laubhahn K, Alhamdan F, Ram M, Muschaweckh A, Potaczek DP, Kosinska A, Garn H, Protzer U, Renz H, Prazeres da Costa C. Fetomaternal immune cross talk modifies T-cell priming through sustained changes to DC function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:843-857.e6. [PMID: 33684437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to infections can modify immune development. These environmental disturbances during early life potentially alter the incidence of inflammatory disorders as well as priming of immune responses. Infection with the helminth Schistosoma mansoni is widely studied for its ability to alter immune responsiveness and is associated with variations in coinfection, allergy, and vaccine efficacy in endemic populations. OBJECTIVE Exposure to maternal schistosomiasis during early life, even without transmission of infection, can result in priming effects on offspring immune responses to bystander antigenic challenges as related to allergic responsiveness and vaccination, with this article seeking to further clarify the effects and underlying immunologic imprinting. METHODS Here, we have combined a model of chronic maternal schistosomiasis infection with a thorough analysis of subsequent offspring immune responses to allergy and vaccination models, including viral challenge and steady-state changes to immune cell compartments. RESULTS We have demonstrated that maternal schistosomiasis alters CD4+ responses during allergic sensitization and challenge in a skewed IL-4/B-cell-dominant response to antigenic challenge associated with limited inflammatory response. Beyond that, we have uncovered previously unidentified alterations to CD8+ T-cell responses during immunization that are dependent on vaccine formulation and have functional impact on the efficacy of vaccination against viral infection in a murine hepatitis B virus model. CONCLUSION In addition to steady-state modifications to CD4+ T-cell polarization and B-cell priming, we have traced these modified CD8+ responses to an altered dendritic cell phenotype sustained into adulthood, providing evidence for complex priming effects imparted by infection via fetomaternal cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lacorcia
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonakshi Bhattacharjee
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Laubhahn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Lung Research, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fahd Alhamdan
- Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Translational Inflammation Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marija Ram
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Muschaweckh
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel P Potaczek
- Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Translational Inflammation Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Kosinska
- Institute for Virology Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Translational Inflammation Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute for Virology Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Translational Inflammation Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Cooper PJ, Chis Ster I, Chico ME, Vaca M, Oviedo Y, Maldonado A, Barreto ML, Platts‐Mills TAE, Strachan DP. Impact of early life geohelminths on wheeze, asthma and atopy in Ecuadorian children at 8 years. Allergy 2021; 76:2765-2775. [PMID: 33745189 PMCID: PMC8496980 DOI: 10.1111/all.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposures to geohelminths may protect against development of wheeze/asthma and atopy. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of maternal geohelminths and infections in children during the first 5 years on atopy, wheeze/asthma and airways reactivity/inflammation at 8 years. METHODS Birth cohort of 2404 neonates followed to 8 years in rural Ecuador. Data on wheeze/asthma were collected by questionnaire and atopy by skin prick test (SPT) reactivity to 9 allergens. We measured airways reactivity to bronchodilator, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and nasal eosinophilia. Stool samples were examined for geohelminths by microscopy. RESULTS 1933 (80.4%) children were evaluated at 8 years. Geohelminths were detected in 45.8% of mothers and 45.5% of children to 5 years. Frequencies of outcomes at 8 years were as follows: wheeze (6.6%), asthma between 5 and 8 years (7.9%), SPT (14.7%), airways reactivity (10%) and elevated FeNO (10.3%) and nasal eosinophilia (9.2%). Any maternal geohelminth was associated with reduced SPT prevalence (OR 0.72). Childhood Trichuris trichiura infections during the first 5 years were associated with reduced wheeze (OR 0.57) but greater parasite burdens with Ascaris lumbricoides at 5 years were associated with increased wheeze (OR 2.83) and asthma (OR 2.60). Associations between maternal geohelminths and wheeze/asthma were modified by atopy. Parasite-specific effects on wheeze/asthma and airways reactivity and inflammation were observed in non-atopic children. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide novel evidence for persistent effects of in utero geohelminth exposures on childhood atopy but highlight the complex nature of the relationship between geohelminths and the airways. Registered as an observational study (ISRCTN41239086).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Cooper
- Institute of Infection and Immunity St George's University of London London UK
- School of Medicine Universidad Internacional del Ecuador Quito Ecuador
- Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para La Investigacion en Salud Quito Ecuador
| | - Irina Chis Ster
- Institute of Infection and Immunity St George's University of London London UK
| | - Martha E. Chico
- Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para La Investigacion en Salud Quito Ecuador
| | - Maritza Vaca
- Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para La Investigacion en Salud Quito Ecuador
| | - Yisela Oviedo
- Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para La Investigacion en Salud Quito Ecuador
| | - Augusto Maldonado
- Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para La Investigacion en Salud Quito Ecuador
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador
| | | | | | - David P. Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute St George's University of London London UK
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Anisuzzaman, Frahm S, Prodjinotho UF, Bhattacharjee S, Verschoor A, Prazeres da Costa C. Host-Specific Serum Factors Control the Development and Survival of Schistosoma mansoni. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635622. [PMID: 33968028 PMCID: PMC8103320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by blood-dwelling flatworms which develop from skin-penetrating cercariae, the freely swimming water-borne infective stage of Schistosoma mansoni, into adult worms. This natural course of infection can be mimicked in experimental mouse models of schistosomiasis. However, only a maximum of 20-30% of penetrated cercariae mature into fecund adults. The reasons for this are unknown but could potentially involve soluble factors of the innate immune system, such as complement factors and preexisting, natural antibodies. Materials and Methods Using our recently developed novel serum- and cell-free in vitro culture system for newly transformed schistosomula (NTS), which supports long-term larval survival, we investigated the effects of mouse serum and its major soluble complement factors C1q, C3, C4 as well as preexisting, natural IgM in vitro and assessed worm development in vivo by infecting complement and soluble (s)IgM-deficient animals. Results In contrast to sera from humans and a broad variety of mammalian species, serum from mice, surprisingly, killed parasites already at skin stage in vitro. Interestingly, the most efficient killing component(s) were heat-labile but did not include important members of the perhaps best known family of heat-labile serum factors, the complement system, nor consisted of complement-activating natural immunoglobulins. Infection of complement C1q and sIgM-deficient mice with S. mansoni as well as in vitro tests with sera from mice deficient in C3 and C4 revealed no major role for these soluble factors in vivo in regard to parasite maturation, fecundity and associated immunopathology. Rather, the reduction of parasite maturation from cercariae to adult worms was comparable to wild-type mice. Conclusion This study reveals that not yet identified heat-labile serum factors are major selective determinants of the host-specificity of schistosomiasis, by directly controlling schistosomal development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisuzzaman
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sören Frahm
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Fabien Prodjinotho
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sonakshi Bhattacharjee
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Admar Verschoor
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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Fiuza BSD, Fonseca HF, Meirelles PM, Marques CR, da Silva TM, Figueiredo CA. Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623737. [PMID: 33732246 PMCID: PMC7957070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to different organisms (bacteria, mold, virus, protozoan, helminths, among others) can induce epigenetic changes affecting the modulation of immune responses and consequently increasing the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Epigenomic regulatory features are highly affected during embryonic development and are responsible for the expression or repression of different genes associated with cell development and targeting/conducting immune responses. The well-known, "window of opportunity" that includes maternal and post-natal environmental exposures, which include maternal infections, microbiota, diet, drugs, and pollutant exposures are of fundamental importance to immune modulation and these events are almost always accompanied by epigenetic changes. Recently, it has been shown that these alterations could be involved in both risk and protection of allergic diseases through mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which can enhance Th2 responses and maintain memory Th2 cells or decrease Treg cells differentiation. In addition, epigenetic changes may differ according to the microbial agent involved and may even influence different asthma or allergy phenotypes. In this review, we discuss how exposure to different organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and helminths can lead to epigenetic modulations and how this correlates with allergic diseases considering different genetic backgrounds of several ancestral populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Milet Meirelles
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Estudos Interdisciplinares e Transdisciplinares em Ecologia e Evolução (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cintia Rodrigues Marques
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
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Acevedo N, Alashkar Alhamwe B, Caraballo L, Ding M, Ferrante A, Garn H, Garssen J, Hii CS, Irvine J, Llinás-Caballero K, López JF, Miethe S, Perveen K, Pogge von Strandmann E, Sokolowska M, Potaczek DP, van Esch BCAM. Perinatal and Early-Life Nutrition, Epigenetics, and Allergy. Nutrients 2021; 13:724. [PMID: 33668787 PMCID: PMC7996340 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a dramatic increase in the incidence and the prevalence of allergic diseases over the last several decades. Environmental triggers including risk factors (e.g., pollution), the loss of rural living conditions (e.g., farming conditions), and nutritional status (e.g., maternal, breastfeeding) are considered major contributors to this increase. The influences of these environmental factors are thought to be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms which are heritable, reversible, and biologically relevant biochemical modifications of the chromatin carrying the genetic information without changing the nucleotide sequence of the genome. An important feature characterizing epigenetically-mediated processes is the existence of a time frame where the induced effects are the strongest and therefore most crucial. This period between conception, pregnancy, and the first years of life (e.g., first 1000 days) is considered the optimal time for environmental factors, such as nutrition, to exert their beneficial epigenetic effects. In the current review, we discussed the impact of the exposure to bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungal components, microbiome metabolites, and specific nutritional components (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamins, plant- and animal-derived microRNAs, breast milk) on the epigenetic patterns related to allergic manifestations. We gave insight into the epigenetic signature of bioactive milk components and the effects of specific nutrition on neonatal T cell development. Several lines of evidence suggest that atypical metabolic reprogramming induced by extrinsic factors such as allergens, viruses, pollutants, diet, or microbiome might drive cellular metabolic dysfunctions and defective immune responses in allergic disease. Therefore, we described the current knowledge on the relationship between immunometabolism and allergy mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. The knowledge as presented will give insight into epigenetic changes and the potential of maternal and post-natal nutrition on the development of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Acevedo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (B.A.A.); (E.P.v.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, International University for Science and Technology (IUST), Daraa 15, Syria
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Mei Ding
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland; (M.D.); (M.S.)
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles S. Hii
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - James Irvine
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kevin Llinás-Caballero
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Juan Felipe López
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Sarah Miethe
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Khalida Perveen
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (B.A.A.); (E.P.v.S.)
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland; (M.D.); (M.S.)
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P. Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Betty C. A. M. van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Loffredo-Verde E, Bhattacharjee S, Malo A, Festag J, Kosinska AD, Ringelhan M, Rim Sarkar S, Steiger K, Heikenwaelder M, Protzer U, Prazeres da Costa CU. Dynamic, Helminth-Induced Immune Modulation Influences the Outcome of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:1448-1461. [PMID: 31875228 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B develops more frequently in countries with high prevalence of helminth infections. The crosstalk between these 2 major liver-residing pathogens, Schistosoma mansoni and hepatitis B virus (HBV), is barely understood. METHODS We used state-of-the-art models for both acute and chronic HBV infection to study the pathogen-crosstalk during the different immune phases of schistosome infection. RESULTS Although liver pathology caused by schistosome infection was not affected by either acute or chronic HBV infection, S mansoni infection influenced HBV infection outcomes in a phase-dependent manner. Interferon (IFN)-γ secreting, HBV- and schistosome-specific CD8 T cells acted in synergy to reduce HBV-induced pathology during the TH1 phase and chronic phase of schistosomiasis. Consequently, HBV was completely rescued in IFN-γ-deficient or in TH2 phase coinfected mice demonstrating the key role of this cytokine. It is interesting to note that secondary helminth infection on the basis of persistent (chronic) HBV infection increased HBV-specific T-cell frequency and resulted in suppression of virus replication but failed to fully restore T-cell function and eliminate HBV. CONCLUSIONS Thus, schistosome-induced IFN-γ had a prominent antiviral effect that outcompeted immunosuppressive effects of TH2 cytokines, whereas HBV coinfection did not alter schistosome pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Loffredo-Verde
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonakshi Bhattacharjee
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antje Malo
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Festag
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna D Kosinska
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Ringelhan
- 2nd Medical Department, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Rim Sarkar
- Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwaelder
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Clarissa U Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
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23
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Chetty A, Omondi MA, Butters C, Smith KA, Katawa G, Ritter M, Layland L, Horsnell W. Impact of Helminth Infections on Female Reproductive Health and Associated Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:577516. [PMID: 33329545 PMCID: PMC7719634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.577516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of knowledge exists on the influence of helminth infections on allergies and unrelated infections in the lung and gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa. However, the bystander effects of helminth infections on the female genital mucosa and reproductive health is understudied but important considering the high prevalence of helminth exposure and sexually transmitted infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this review, we explore current knowledge about the direct and systemic effects of helminth infections on unrelated diseases. We summarize host disease-controlling immunity of important sexually transmitted infections and introduce the limited knowledge of how helminths infections directly cause pathology to female reproductive tract (FRT), alter susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections and reproduction. We also review work by others on type 2 immunity in the FRT and hypothesize how these insights may guide future work to help understand how helminths alter FRT health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Chetty
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Millicent A Omondi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Claire Butters
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katherine Ann Smith
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gnatoulma Katawa
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Layland
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - William Horsnell
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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24
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Nyangahu DD, Darby M, Havyarimana E, Brown BP, Horsnell W, Jaspan HB. Preconception helminth infection alters offspring microbiota and immune subsets in a mouse model. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12721. [PMID: 32277499 PMCID: PMC7423732 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Both maternal microbiota and helminth infection may alter offspring immunity but the relationship between these is underexplored. We hypothesized that maternal helminth exposure prior to pregnancy has lasting consequences on offspring intestinal microbiota and consequent immunity. Female BALB/c adult mice were infected with 500L3 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (N brasiliensis). Infection was cleared by ivermectin treatment, and mice were mated 3 weeks post-infection (NbM). Control mice were not infected but were exposed to ivermectin (NvM). We analysed maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy, breastmilk microbiota and offspring faecal microbiota and immunity 2 weeks after delivery. During pregnancy, NbM (Mothers previously infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis) displayed significantly altered stool bacterial communities (R2 = .242; P = .001), with increased abundance of Enterococcaceae versus NvM (Naive mothers). Similarly, we observed a profound impact on breastmilk microbiota in NbM vs NvM. Moreover, NbM pups showed significantly altered gut microbial communities at 14 days of age versus those born to NvM with increased relative abundance of Coriobacteriaceae and Micrococcaceae. These changes were associated with alterations in pup immunity including increased frequencies and numbers of activated CD4 T cells (CD4 + CD44hi) in NbM offspring spleens. Taken together, we show that preconception helminth infections impact offspring immunity possibly through alteration of maternal and offspring microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald D Nyangahu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Matthew Darby
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA
| | - Enock Havyarimana
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA
| | - Bryan P Brown
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle WA, USA
| | - William Horsnell
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Heather B. Jaspan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle WA, USA
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25
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Gerlinskaya LA, Litvinova EA, Kontsevaya GV, Feofanova NA, Achasova KM, Anisimova MV, Maslennikova SO, Zolotykh MA, Moshkin YM, Moshkin MP. Phenotypic variations in transferred progeny due to genotype of surrogate mother. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:88-99. [PMID: 30445548 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the genotype of the surrogate mother modulate the body composition and immunity of her offspring? SUMMARY ANSWER C57BL/6J (B6) progenies carried by immunodeficient NOD SCID (NS) mothers had increased adaptive but decreased innate, immune responsiveness in comparison with the same genotype offspring carried by immunocompetent mothers, B6 and BALB/c (C); the B6 progenies carried by the same genotype mothers also showed higher body fat than the others. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Differences in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes between mother and foetus is considered as an important factor in prenatal embryo development, whereas the impact of such dissimilarity on the phenotype of the mature progeny is unclear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Transplantation of two-cell mouse embryos into recipient females of the different MHC (H2) genotypes was used as an approach to simulate three variants of the immunogenic mother-foetus interaction: (i) bidirectional immunogenic dialogue between B6 (H2b haplotype) embryos and C (H2d haplotype) surrogate mother; (ii) one-way immunogenic interaction between B6 embryos and immunodeficient NS (H2g7 haplotype) surrogate mother and (iii) reduced immunogenetic dialogue between embryos and surrogate mother of the same H2b haplotype resulting in only a maternal response to HY antigens of male foetuses. Delivered by Caesarean section, pups were fostered by lactating B6 females and weighed after weaning (n = 171). Body mass and composition and innate and adaptive immunity were assessed in selected progeny groups at 9-11 weeks of age. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The study was performed on the specific pathogen-free mouse, inbred strains C57BL/6J, NOD SCID and BALB/c. Plasma progesterone in pregnant females was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Body composition was determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy using a low-field NMR spectrometer (EchoMRI, USA). To assess peritoneal macrophage responses (innate immunity) to anthrax, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and interleukin-1 (IL-1β) were measured in a culture medium 24 h after the addition of both anthrax-lethal factor and anthrax-protective antigen. To assess adaptive immunity, 9-10 males in experimental groups were infected with Helicobacter hepaticus. Faeces collected 2 and 4 weeks after infection was used for quantitative assessment of the H. hepaticus DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction. IgA, interferon (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in colon tissue and IgG in serum were determined in samples collected 4 weeks after gavage with H. hepaticus using ELISA. For statistical analyses, ANCOVA, post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test, Student's t-test, Spearman rank correlations and χ2 test were performed. P-value <0.05 was considered as a statistically significant difference. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE ANCOVA with litter size and age as covariates revealed significant effects of the surrogate mother genotype on body mass and percent of fat in their adult progeny (F2149 = 15.60, P < 0.001 and F2149 = 5.02, P = 0.007, respectively). Adult B6 mice carried by B6 surrogate mothers were characterized by a higher percentage of body fat in comparison with offspring that were carried by NS and C females. In comparison with the male offspring carried by the B6 and C mothers, male B6 progenies carried by immunodeficient NS mothers had a higher humoral immune response (serum IgG) against oral infection with H. hepaticus, but lower in vitro macrophage IL-1β reaction to the anthrax. Four weeks after the infection of offspring, concentrations of serum IgG and colon IL-10 correlated positively with maternal progesterone on Day 4 after embryo transfer and negatively with DNA of H. hepaticus. One-way ANOVA confirmed a statistically significant impact of surrogate mother genotype on adaptive (IgG) and innate (IL-1β) immunity (F2.26 = 26.39, P < 0.001 and F2.27 = 5.89, P = 0.008, respectively). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The main limitation of our study is the number of combinations of mother and foetus interactions, in particular, transfer of only one embryo genotype was used. Also, it is a descriptive study, which requires further analysis of the epigenetic mechanisms of the observed phenotypic effects of surrogate mother genotype. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our experimental data demonstrate that the transfer of inbred embryos to surrogate mothers of the different genotypes is a prospective experimental model for the study of epigenetic effects of the immunogenetic interactions between mother and foetus. The experimental approach tested in our study will be in demand for the development of criteria for choosing surrogate mothers. In particular, immunocompetence of the surrogate mother along with genetic distance of her MHC alleles to the transferred embryos have a significant impact on offspring development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Russian FPI (6/099/2017), budget projects (0324-2016-0002 and 0324-2018-0016) and implemented using the equipment of the Centre for Genetic Resources of Laboratory Animals at ICG SB RAS, supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (Unique project identifier RFMEFI62117X0015). The authors report no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A Gerlinskaya
- Department of Experimental Animal Genetic Resources, Laboratory of the Genetics of Experimental Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Litvinova
- Department of Experimental Animal Genetic Resources, Laboratory of the Genetics of Experimental Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina V Kontsevaya
- Department of Experimental Animal Genetic Resources, Laboratory of the Genetics of Experimental Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Feofanova
- Department of Experimental Animal Genetic Resources, Laboratory of the Genetics of Experimental Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Laboratory of clinical immunopathology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ksenia M Achasova
- Department of Experimental Animal Genetic Resources, Laboratory of the Genetics of Experimental Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Margarita V Anisimova
- Department of Experimental Animal Genetic Resources, Laboratory of the Genetics of Experimental Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana O Maslennikova
- Department of Experimental Animal Genetic Resources, Laboratory of the Genetics of Experimental Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria A Zolotykh
- Department of Experimental Animal Genetic Resources, Laboratory of the Genetics of Experimental Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuri M Moshkin
- Department of Experimental Animal Genetic Resources, Laboratory of the Genetics of Experimental Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Moshkin
- Department of Experimental Animal Genetic Resources, Laboratory of the Genetics of Experimental Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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26
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de Holanda GCR, de Lima IL, Scapin SMN, Silva MDC, Sales IRF, Granjeiro JM, da Silva RA, de Souza VMO, de Lima Filho JL. Whey milk proteomics from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice reveals proteins involved in immunomodulation of the offspring. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1607-1617. [PMID: 32133541 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk from schistosomotic mothers can modulate the immune response of their offspring. However, its characterization and potential of modulating immunity has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whey proteins from the milk of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice in order to identify the fractions which can act as potential immunomodulatory tools. For this, we did a mass spectrometry (nanoUPLC-MSE) analysis to characterize the proteomic profile of milk from infected (MIM) and non-infected mice (MNIM). It was possible to identify 29 differentially expressed proteins: 15 were only found in MIM, 10 only found in MNIM, and 4 were downregulated in MIM group. Gene Ontology (GO), pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses indicated differentially expressed proteins linked to biological processes and pathways in MIM group such as the following: fructose 1,6-biphosphate metabolic and glycolytic processes, glucose metabolism, and neutrophil degranulation pathways. The downregulated and unique proteins identified in MNIM group were involved in the positive regulation of B cell activation and receptor signaling pathway, in the innate immune response, complement activation, and phagocytosis. The present findings revealed a protein profile that may be involved in the activation and deactivation of the offspring's immune system in the long term, conferring a protective character due to the previous contact with milk from infected mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Calixto Ribeiro de Holanda
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Iasmim Lopes de Lima
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Sandra Mara Naressi Scapin
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida - DIMAV, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia - INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria da Conceição Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida - DIMAV, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia - INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Afonso da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Valdenia Maria Oliveira de Souza
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz de Lima Filho
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
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27
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Maizels RM. Regulation of immunity and allergy by helminth parasites. Allergy 2020; 75:524-534. [PMID: 31187881 DOI: 10.1111/all.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in helminth parasite modulation of the immune system, both from the fundamental perspective of the "arms race" between host and parasite, and equally importantly, to understand if parasites offer new pathways to abate and control untoward immune responses in humans. This article reviews the epidemiological and experimental evidence for parasite down-regulation of host immunity and immunopathology, in allergy and other immune disorders, and recent progress towards defining the mechanisms and molecular mediators which parasites exploit in order to modulate their host. Among these are novel products that interfere with epithelial cell alarmins, dendritic cell activation, macrophage function and T-cell responsiveness through the promotion of an immunoregulatory environment. These modulatory effects assist parasites to establish and survive, while dampening immune reactivity to allergens, autoantigens and microbiome determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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28
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Holanda GCRD, Souto FO, Silva MDC, Lorena VMBD, Costa VMA, Albuquerque MCPDA, Souza VMOD, Lima Filho JLD. Gestation and breastfeeding in schistosomotic mice differentially alters the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in adult offspring. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 114:e190366. [PMID: 32022099 PMCID: PMC7012583 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding or gestation in schistosomotic mothers can cause long-term
alterations in the immune response of offspring. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) (all classes), the
production of cytokines by T and B lymphocytes and macrophages, and the
frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+-cells in adult
offspring born and/or suckled by schistosomotic mothers. METHODS We harvested splenocytes from offspring born to (BIM), suckled by (SIM), or
born to/suckled by (BSIM) schistosomotic mothers and animals from
noninfected mothers (Control) at seven-weeks old and cultured them
with/without Concanavalin A. HDAC expression was evaluated by real-time
quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and cytokines and membrane
markers were evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). FINDINGS Compared to Control, BIM mice showed increased expression of HDAC9 and
frequency of CD4+IL-10+-cells. The SIM group had
increased expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC10, Sirt2, Sirt5,
Sirt6, and Sirt7. The BSIM group only had increased HDAC10 expression. The
SIM and BSIM groups exhibited decreased frequencies of
CD4+IL-4+-cells and
CD4+CD25+FoxP3+-cells, along with a
higher frequency of CD14+IL-10+-cells and an increase
in CD45R/B220+IL-10+-cells. The BSIM group also showed
a high frequency of CD4+IL10+-cells. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding induced the expression of HDACs from various classes involved
in reducing inflammatory responses. However, gestation enhanced the
expression of a single HDAC and breastfeeding or gestation appears to favour
multiple IL-10-dependent pathways, but not cells with a regulatory
phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrício Oliveira Souto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Maria da Conceição Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Luiz de Lima Filho
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Recife, PE, Brasil
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29
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Placental gene expression and antibody levels of mother-neonate pairs reveal an enhanced risk for inflammation in a helminth endemic country. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15776. [PMID: 31673046 PMCID: PMC6823435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In utero exposure to environmental factors can modify the development of allergies later in life whereby the mechanisms of the feto-maternal crosstalk still remain largely unknown. Murine studies revealed that inflammatory maternal signals elicited by chronic helminth infection within the placenta imprint a distinct gene expression profile related to the Vitamin-D-receptor (VDR)-inflammation-axis. We thus investigated whether pro- or anti- inflammatory immune responses as well as VDR and related gene expression within the placenta differ between women from helminth-endemic and non-endemic areas. A prospective pilot study was conducted in Munich, Germany (helminth non-endemic) and Lambaréné, Gabon (helminth-endemic). At delivery, clinical information alongside placenta tissue samples and maternal and cord blood were obtained for further laboratory analysis. Schistosoma haematobium infection was detected in 13/54 (23%) Gabonese women. RT PCR revealed significantly lower gene expression of VDR, Cyp27b1, Foxp3 and IL10 in Gabonese compared to German placentae as well as significantly lower levels of plasma IgG4 in newborns resulting in a significantly higher IgE/IgG4 ratio. These findings demonstrate that exposure in utero to different environments alters placental gene expression and thus possibly plays a role in the development and modulation of the immune system of the offspring.
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Persson G, Ekmann JR, Hviid TVF. Reflections upon immunological mechanisms involved in fertility, pregnancy and parasite infections. J Reprod Immunol 2019; 136:102610. [PMID: 31479960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During a pregnancy, the mother accepts her semi-allogeneic fetus with no signs of immunological rejection. Therefore, some modulation of the maternal immune system must occur. Similarly, changes in the host's immune system occurs during infections with parasites. In a study conducted in an endemic area in Bolivia, it has been reported that women infected with either the helminthic parasite roundworm or hookworm were estimated to give birth to either two more, or three fewer, children than uninfected, endemic women, respectively. Immune regulation by helminthic parasites is a rather well-researched concept, but there are few reports on the effects on human fecundity. The current review focuses on mechanisms of possible importance for especially the increased fertility rates in women infected with roundworm. The host immune response to roundworm has been hypothesized to be more favourable for a successful pregnancy because it bears resemblance to the anti-inflammatory immunological responses observed in pregnancy, steering the immunological response away from a pro-inflammatory state that seem to suppress fecundity. Further research into parasitic worm interactions, fertility, and the molecular mechanisms that they unfold may widen our understanding of the immunomodulatory pathways in both helminthic infections and in fertility and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Persson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 10 Sygehusvej, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Josephine Roth Ekmann
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 10 Sygehusvej, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), The ReproHealth Research Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 10 Sygehusvej, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Darby MG, Chetty A, Mrjden D, Rolot M, Smith K, Mackowiak C, Sedda D, Nyangahu D, Jaspan H, Toellner KM, Waisman A, Quesniaux V, Ryffel B, Cunningham AF, Dewals BG, Brombacher F, Horsnell WGC. Pre-conception maternal helminth infection transfers via nursing long-lasting cellular immunity against helminths to offspring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav3058. [PMID: 31236458 PMCID: PMC6587632 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Maternal immune transfer is the most significant source of protection from early-life infection, but whether maternal transfer of immunity by nursing permanently alters offspring immunity is poorly understood. Here, we identify maternal immune imprinting of offspring nursed by mothers who had a pre-conception helminth infection. Nursing of pups by helminth-exposed mothers transferred protective cellular immunity to these offspring against helminth infection. Enhanced control of infection was not dependent on maternal antibody. Protection associated with systemic development of protective type 2 immunity in T helper 2 (TH2) impaired IL-4Rα-/- offspring. This maternally acquired immunity was maintained into maturity and required transfer (via nursing) to the offspring of maternally derived TH2-competent CD4 T cells. Our data therefore reveal that maternal exposure to a globally prevalent source of infection before pregnancy provides long-term nursing-acquired immune benefits to offspring mediated by maternally derived pathogen-experienced lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Darby
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Alisha Chetty
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Dunja Mrjden
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Marion Rolot
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), Immunology-Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (B43b), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Katherine Smith
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Claire Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neuro-genetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Delphine Sedda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neuro-genetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Donald Nyangahu
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Heather Jaspan
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute and Departments of Paediatrics and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kai-Michael Toellner
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valerie Quesniaux
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neuro-genetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neuro-genetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Adam F. Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin G. Dewals
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), Immunology-Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (B43b), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William G. C. Horsnell
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neuro-genetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
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Godschalk R, Remels A, Hoogendoorn C, van Benthem J, Luijten M, Duale N, Brunborg G, Olsen AK, Bouwman FG, Munnia A, Peluso M, Mariman E, van Schooten FJ. Paternal Exposure to Environmental Chemical Stress Affects Male Offspring's Hepatic Mitochondria. Toxicol Sci 2019; 162:241-250. [PMID: 29145655 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preconceptional paternal exposures may affect offspring's health, which cannot be explained by mutations in germ cells, but by persistent changes in the regulation of gene expression. Therefore, we investigated whether pre-conceptional paternal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) could alter the offspring's phenotype. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to B[a]P by gavage for 6 weeks, 3× per week, and were crossed with unexposed BALB-c females 6 weeks after the final exposure. The offspring was kept under normal feeding conditions and was sacrificed at 3 weeks of age. Analysis of the liver proteome by 2D-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry indicated that proteins involved in mitochondrial function were significantly downregulated in the offspring of exposed fathers. This down-regulation of mitochondrial proteins was paralleled by a reduction in mitochondrial DNA copy number and reduced activity of citrate synthase and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, but in male offspring only. Surprisingly, analysis of hepatic mRNA expression revealed a male-specific up-regulation of the genes, whose proteins were downregulated, including Aldh2 and Ogg1. This discrepancy could be related to several selected microRNA (miRNA)'s that regulate the translation of these proteins; miRNA-122, miRNA-129-2-5p, and miRNA-1941 were upregulated in a gender-specific manner. Since mitochondria are thought to be a source of intracellular reactive oxygen species, we additionally assessed oxidatively-induced DNA damage. Both 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde-dG adduct levels were significantly reduced in male offspring of exposed fathers. In conclusion, we show that paternal exposure to B[a]P can regulate mitochondrial metabolism in offspring, which may have profound implications for our understanding of health and disease risk inherited from fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Remels
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel Hoogendoorn
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Benthem
- Laboratory for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Laboratory for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nur Duale
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Freek G Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Armelle Munnia
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Prevention Laboratory, ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Peluso
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Prevention Laboratory, ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Edwin Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Lacorcia M, Prazeres da Costa CU. Maternal Schistosomiasis: Immunomodulatory Effects With Lasting Impact on Allergy and Vaccine Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2960. [PMID: 30619318 PMCID: PMC6305477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early exposure to immune stimuli, including maternal infection during the perinatal period, is increasingly recognized to affect immune predisposition during later life. This includes exposure to not only viral and bacterial infection but also parasitic helminths which remain widespread. Noted effects of helminth infection, including altered incidence of atopic inflammation and vaccine responsiveness, support further research into the impact these infections have for skewing immune responses. At the same time, despite a sea of recommendations, clear phenotypic and mechanistic understandings of how environmental perturbations in pregnancy and nursing modify immune predisposition and allergy in offspring remain unrefined. Schistosomes, as strong inducers of type 2 immunity embedded in a rich network of regulatory processes, possess strong abilities to shift inflammatory and allergic diseases in infected hosts, for example by generating feedback loops that impair T cell responses to heterologous antigens. Based on the current literature on schistosomiasis, we explore in this review how maternal schistosome infection could drive changes in immune system development of offspring and how this may lead to identifying factors involved in altering responses to vaccination as well as manifestations of immune disorders including allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lacorcia
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clarissa U Prazeres da Costa
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Dewals BG, Layland LE, Prazeres da Costa C, Horsnell WG. Maternal helminth infections and the shaping of offspring immunity. Parasite Immunol 2018; 41:e12599. [PMID: 30372527 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Helminth infections leave a long-lasting immunological footprint on their hosts. Clinical studies have provided first evidence that maternal helminth infections can result in an altered immune profile in their offspring which can potentially shape how they respond to conditions throughout life. This can relate to changes in offspring induction of immune responses against other diseases. However, whether these changes result in actual changes in offspring ability to control disease is unclear. Our understanding of which immune mechanisms are altered and how they are changed is limited. In this review, we highlight what we know from human and mouse studies about this important context of helminth exposure. Moreover, we discuss how mechanisms such as antibody transfer, antigen exposure, maternal cell uptake, chimerism and epigenetics are all likely to be functional contributors to the striking changes that are seen in offspring born or nursed by helminth exposed mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Dewals
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laura E Layland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - William G Horsnell
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans, France
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Immune response to purified protein derivative in infants from helminth-sensitized mothers - A cases series. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 53:634-639. [PMID: 30522970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to antibodies, cytokines or parasitic antigens during gestation may alter the degree of immune competence of offspring. Here we describe the production of cytokines and chemokines, and the ability to activation of the immune response in infants from mothers sensitized to helminths. METHODS It were selected five infants born to helminth-seropositive mothers but who were negative for current helminth infection. Whole blood was cultured without stimulus, with phytohemagglutinin mitogen (5 μg/ml, 24 h) or with purified protein derivative (PPD) (1 μg/ml, 24 h), and the supernatant was assessed for presence of Th1/Th2 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-5, IL-4 and IL-2) and chemokines (CXCL10, CCL2, CXCL9, CCL5 and CXCL8) by cytometric bead array. RESULTS All infants produced CCL5. Two infants demonstrated a mixed profile of Th1 (CXCL9) and Th2 (CCL2) chemokines in the presence of CXCL10, while one infant showed skewing towards Th2 without CXCL10 and two of them had been impaired immune response (children from sensitized to Schistosoma mansoni mothers). CONCLUSION Infants with Th1 and Th2 profile chemokines demonstrated a good response to vaccination, indicated by CXCL10 levels, but not infants predominantly Th2-skewed profile. These results highlight that children from mothers sensitized to S. mansoni may lead to ineffective immune response to PPD, while mothers sensitized to Ascaris lumbricoides showed no such impairment.
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McSorley HJ, Chayé MAM, Smits HH. Worms: Pernicious parasites or allies against allergies? Parasite Immunol 2018; 41:e12574. [PMID: 30043455 PMCID: PMC6585781 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses are most commonly associated with allergy and helminth parasite infections. Since the discovery of Th1 and Th2 immune responses more than 30 years ago, models of both allergic disease and helminth infections have been useful in characterizing the development, effector mechanisms and pathological consequences of type 2 immune responses. The observation that some helminth infections negatively correlate with allergic and inflammatory disease led to a large field of research into parasite immunomodulation. However, it is worth noting that helminth parasites are not always benign infections, and that helminth immunomodulation can have stimulatory as well as suppressive effects on allergic responses. In this review, we will discuss how parasitic infections change host responses, the consequences for bystander immunity and how this interaction influences clinical symptoms of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J McSorley
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathilde A M Chayé
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden Immunology of Parasitic Infections Group, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden Immunology of Parasitic Infections Group, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Smole U, Schabussova I, Pickl WF, Wiedermann U. Murine models for mucosal tolerance in allergy. Semin Immunol 2017; 30:12-27. [PMID: 28807539 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunity is established by a fine balance to discriminate between self and non-self. In addition, mucosal surfaces have the unique ability to establish and maintain a state of tolerance also against non-self constituents such as those represented by the large numbers of commensals populating mucosal surfaces and food-derived or air-borne antigens. Recent years have seen a dramatic expansion in our understanding of the basic mechanisms and the involved cellular and molecular players orchestrating mucosal tolerance. As a direct outgrowth, promising prophylactic and therapeutic models for mucosal tolerance induction against usually innocuous antigens (derived from food and aeroallergen sources) have been developed. A major theme in the past years was the introduction of improved formulations and novel adjuvants into such allergy vaccines. This review article describes basic mechanisms of mucosal tolerance induction and contrasts the peculiarities but also the interdependence of the gut and respiratory tract associated lymphoid tissues in that context. Particular emphasis is put on delineating the current prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to study and improve mucosal tolerance induction in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Smole
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irma Schabussova
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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da Paz VRF, Sequeira D, Pyrrho A. Infection by Schistosoma mansoni during pregnancy: Effects on offspring immunity. Life Sci 2017; 185:46-52. [PMID: 28754617 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
About 25 million Brazilians live in areas at risk of contracting the disease caused by the trematoda Schistosoma mansoni, the schistosomiasis mansoni. Although the adult parasites inhabit the blood vessels, probably the main element responsible for the pathology of the disease are the eggs, whose deposition in the liver results in formation of granulomas and hypersensitivity mediated by CD4 T cells. In the course of infection, the profile of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines released by immune cells is correlated with the extent of inflammation in the granuloma and with the disease severity. While a Th1 immune response favors the local inflammation and the disease progression, the Th2 immune response has protective character. Also during pregnancy, it is essential a fine adjustment of a Th1/Th2 in the maternal-fetal interface, which ensures the pregnancy progress with peculiar immune characteristics. In particular, the maternal exposure to antigens has been associated with their presence in fetal circulation. The exposure to intrauterine antigens can imply an immune tolerance of the fetus to such components. In turn, the transfer of antigens and antibodies from mother to offspring during breastfeeding is an important stage of maturation and capacitation of immune offspring in future infections against pathogens. This review aims to gather bibliographic data to assist in the understanding of immunological features printed on offspring of mothers infected with S. mansoni, which affect latter immune responses to related or unrelated antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielly Sequeira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Laboratory of Taxonomy, Biochemistry and Fungi Bioprospecting, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Pyrrho
- Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Department, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Klar K, Perchermeier S, Bhattacharjee S, Harb H, Adler T, Istvanffy R, Loffredo-Verde E, Oostendorp RA, Renz H, Prazeres da Costa C. Chronic schistosomiasis during pregnancy epigenetically reprograms T-cell differentiation in offspring of infected mothers. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:841-847. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Klar
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Sophie Perchermeier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Sonakshi Bhattacharjee
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Hani Harb
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics; Philipps University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Thure Adler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH); Neuherberg Germany
| | - Rouzanna Istvanffy
- III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik; Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Eva Loffredo-Verde
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Robert A. Oostendorp
- III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik; Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics; Philipps University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
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Maternal house dust mite exposure during pregnancy enhances severity of house dust mite-induced asthma in murine offspring. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1404-1415.e9. [PMID: 28192144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic status of the mother and maternal exposure to environmental factors are associated with increased asthma risk. Moreover, animal models demonstrate that exposure to allergens in strongly sensitized mothers influences offspring asthma development, suggesting that in utero exposures can influence offspring asthma. However, it is unclear whether maternal exposure to common human allergens such as house dust mite (HDM), in the absence of additional adjuvants, influences offspring asthma development. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether maternal HDM exposure influences asthma development in offspring. METHODS Pregnant female mice were exposed to PBS or HDM during pregnancy. Using offspring of PBS- or HDM-exposed mothers, the magnitude of HDM or Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) extract-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, immunoglobulin production, TH2-associated cytokine synthesis, and pulmonary dendritic cell activity was assessed. RESULTS Compared with offspring of PBS-exposed mothers, offspring of HDM-exposed mothers demonstrate increased AHR, airway inflammation, TH2 cytokine production, and immunoglobulin levels and a modest decrease in the phagocytic capacity of pulmonary macrophage populations following HDM exposure. Increased sensitivity to AF-induced airway disease was not observed. Offspring of HDM-exposed B-cell-deficient mothers also demonstrated increased HDM-induced AHR, suggesting that transfer of maternal immunoglobulins is not required. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that maternal exposure to HDM during pregnancy increases asthma sensitivity in offspring in an HDM-specific manner, suggesting that vertical transmission of maternal immune responses may be involved. These findings have important implications for regulation of asthma risk, and suggest that exposure to HDM in the developed world may have underappreciated influences on the overall prevalence of allergic asthma.
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Schistosome-Derived Molecules as Modulating Actors of the Immune System and Promising Candidates to Treat Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5267485. [PMID: 27635405 PMCID: PMC5011209 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5267485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is long known that some parasite infections are able to modulate specific pathways of host's metabolism and immune responses. This modulation is not only important in order to understand the host-pathogen interactions and to develop treatments against the parasites themselves but also important in the development of treatments against autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Throughout the life cycle of schistosomes the mammalian hosts are exposed to several biomolecules that are excreted/secreted from the parasite infective stage, named cercariae, from their tegument, present in adult and larval stages, and finally from their eggs. These molecules can induce the activation and modulation of innate and adaptive responses as well as enabling the evasion of the parasite from host defense mechanisms. Immunomodulatory effects of helminth infections and egg molecules are clear, as well as their ability to downregulate proinflammatory cytokines, upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokines, and drive a Th2 type of immune response. We believe that schistosomes can be used as a model to understand the potential applications of helminths and helminth-derived molecules against autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Smits HH, Hiemstra PS, Prazeres da Costa C, Ege M, Edwards M, Garn H, Howarth PH, Jartti T, de Jong EC, Maizels RM, Marsland BJ, McSorley HJ, Müller A, Pfefferle PI, Savelkoul H, Schwarze J, Unger WWJ, von Mutius E, Yazdanbakhsh M, Taube C. Microbes and asthma: Opportunities for intervention. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:690-7. [PMID: 26947981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide incidence and prevalence of asthma continues to increase. Asthma is now understood as an umbrella term for different phenotypes or endotypes, which arise through different pathophysiologic pathways. Understanding the many factors contributing to development of the disease is important for the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of certain asthma phenotypes. The hygiene hypothesis has been formulated to explain the increasing prevalence of allergic disease, including asthma. This hypothesis postulates that decreased exposure at a young age to certain infectious agents as a result of improved hygiene, increased antibiotic use and vaccination, and changes in lifestyle and dietary habits is associated with changes in the immune system, which predispose subjects to allergy. Many microbes, during their coevolution with human subjects, developed mechanisms to manipulate the human immune system and to increase their chances of survival. Improving models of asthma, as well as choosing adequate end points in clinical trials, will lead to a more complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms, thus providing an opportunity to devise primary and secondary interventions at the same time as identifying new molecular targets for treatment. This article reports the discussion and conclusion of a workshop under the auspices of the Netherlands Lung Foundation to extend our understanding of how modulation of the immune system by bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections might affect the development of asthma and to map out future lines of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universät München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Ege
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Edwards
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Wright-Fleming Institute of Infection and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter H Howarth
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ben J Marsland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra I Pfefferle
- Comprehensive Biomaterial Bank Marburg (CBBMR), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Huub Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy W J Unger
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Maizels RM, McSorley HJ. Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:666-675. [PMID: 27476889 PMCID: PMC5010150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Helminth parasite infections are associated with a battery of immunomodulatory mechanisms that affect all facets of the host immune response to ensure their persistence within the host. This broad-spectrum modulation of host immunity has intended and unintended consequences, both advantageous and disadvantageous. Thus the host can benefit from suppression of collateral damage during parasite infection and from reduced allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory reactions. However, helminth infection can also be detrimental in reducing vaccine responses, increasing susceptibility to coinfection and potentially reducing tumor immunosurveillance. In this review we will summarize the panoply of immunomodulatory mechanisms used by helminths, their potential utility in human disease, and prospective areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Marenholz I, Esparza-Gordillo J, Lee YA. The genetics of the skin barrier in eczema and other allergic disorders. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 15:426-34. [PMID: 26226353 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We summarize current knowledge on the genetic determinants of skin barrier deficiency in relation to eczema and disease progression to other allergic manifestations. RECENT FINDINGS There is increasing evidence that impairment of epidermal barrier function is not only a risk factor for the development of eczema but also for disease progression to allergic airway disease and food allergy. Support comes from recent association studies linking genetic variants in epidermal genes with eczema and food allergy, from monogenic diseases with severe skin barrier defects which display multiple allergic manifestations, and from mouse models providing a mechanism from skin inflammation to allergic reactions in the lung and intestine. SUMMARY The key role of the skin barrier defect in the development of eczema and eczema-associated allergic diseases may have important implications for prevention and treatment strategies. Initial clinical trials with moisturizing creams revealed promising results for the prevention of eczema in early infancy. Their long-term effects will be critical to demonstrate the potential benefit of barrier repair therapy in allergic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Marenholz
- Pediatric Allergology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany *These authors contributed equally to this work
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Van Bever HP, Nagarajan S, Shek LP, Lee BW. OPINION: Primary prevention of allergy - Will it soon become a reality? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27:6-12. [PMID: 26456367 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that allergic diseases are not curable and not preventable, but mainly controllable using pharmacotherapy (i.e. symptomatic medication). Recent research, however, demonstrated that a number of specific interventions can lead to (partial) primary prevention of allergy, especially of atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA). Three types of primary prevention strategies have been successfully studied: early administration of bacterial products (most studies are on probiotics), early moisturizing in infants at risk for AD and early exposure to allergenic foods (peanut and egg). Results of these studies indicate that the stage might have been set. Surely, much more research needs to be carried out before advice can be given in clinical practice. This opinion article discusses the three types of beneficial interventions and gives ideas for future research, which might show the way for better strategies in primary prevention of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo P Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Allergy, Children's Medical Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sowmya Nagarajan
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Allergy, Children's Medical Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Allergy, Children's Medical Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee-Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Allergy, Children's Medical Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
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Liu AH. Revisiting the hygiene hypothesis for allergy and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:860-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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In-utero exposures and the evolving epidemiology of paediatric allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 15:402-8. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
It has been recognized for centuries that allergic disease runs in families, implying a role for genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility. More recently, a range of evidence shows that many of these genetic factors, together with in utero environmental exposures, lead to the development of allergic disease through altered immune and organ development. Environmental exposures during pregnancy including diet, nutrient intake and toxin exposures can alter the epigenome and interact with inherited genetic and epigenetic risk factors to directly and indirectly influence organ development and immune programming. Understanding of these factors will be essential in identifying at-risk individuals and possible development of therapeutic interventions for the primary prevention of allergic disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence that suggests allergic disease begins in utero, together with possible mechanisms for the effect of environmental exposures during pregnancy on allergic disease risk, including epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Lockett
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Johanna Huoman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,International Inflammation network (in-FLAME) of the World Universities Network
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Afifi MA, Jiman-Fatani AA, El Saadany S, Fouad MA. Parasites-allergy paradox: Disease mediators or therapeutic modulators. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2015; 3:53-61. [PMID: 30023182 PMCID: PMC6014186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The noticeable phenomenon of an increased frequency of immune-inflammatory disorders, in the industrialized world, has led to the implication of parasitic infections in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Most of the studies investigated the infection connection to allergy have centered on helminthes. Parasitic helminthes are a group of metazoans that are evolutionary diverse, yet converge to evolve common modes of immunomodulation. Helminth immunoregulation is mainly mediated by a regulatory response including Treg and Breg cells with alternatively-activated macrophages. There is increasing evidence for a causal relationship between helminth infection and allergic hyporesponsiveness, however, conflicting data are still generating. The helminth immunoregulation seems to be species-specific and phase-specific. It depends on the stage of the clinical disease which correlates with a corresponding parasitic stage (egg, larva or mature adult). Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms utilized by helminthes to manipulate the immune system and the consequent bystander immunomodulatory responses toward environmental allergens. We especially focus on parasitic species and molecules involved in the modulation of allergic disorders and summarize the experimental and clinical trials using them as therapeutic agents. We also discuss the potentials and obstacles, for helminthes and/or their derived molecules, to emerge as novel therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Afifi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80205, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Tel.: +966 569722590. E-mail address: (M.A. Afifi)
| | - Asif A. Jiman-Fatani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif El Saadany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Fouad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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50
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Esparza-Gordillo J, Matanovic A, Marenholz I, Bauerfeind A, Rohde K, Nemat K, Lee-Kirsch MA, Nordenskjöld M, Winge MCG, Keil T, Krüger R, Lau S, Beyer K, Kalb B, Niggemann B, Hübner N, Cordell HJ, Bradley M, Lee YA. Maternal filaggrin mutations increase the risk of atopic dermatitis in children: an effect independent of mutation inheritance. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005076. [PMID: 25757221 PMCID: PMC4355615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that allergy risk is preferentially transmitted through mothers. This can be due to genomic imprinting, where the phenotype effect of an allele depends on its parental origin, or due to maternal effects reflecting the maternal genome's influence on the child during prenatal development. Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) cause skin barrier deficiency and strongly predispose to atopic dermatitis (AD). We investigated the 4 most prevalent European FLG mutations (c.2282del4, p.R501X, p.R2447X, and p.S3247X) in two samples including 759 and 450 AD families. We used the multinomial and maximum-likelihood approach implemented in the PREMIM/EMIM tool to model parent-of-origin effects. Beyond the known role of FLG inheritance in AD (R1meta-analysis = 2.4, P = 1.0 x 10−36), we observed a strong maternal FLG genotype effect that was consistent in both independent family sets and for all 4 mutations analysed. Overall, children of FLG-carrier mothers had a 1.5-fold increased AD risk (S1 = 1.50, Pmeta-analysis = 8.4 x 10−8). Our data point to two independent and additive effects of FLG mutations: i) carrying a mutation and ii) having a mutation carrier mother. The maternal genotype effect was independent of mutation inheritance and can be seen as a non-genetic transmission of a genetic effect. The FLG maternal effect was observed only when mothers had allergic sensitization (elevated allergen-specific IgE antibody plasma levels), suggesting that FLG mutation-induced systemic immune responses in the mother may influence AD risk in the child. Notably, the maternal effect reported here was stronger than most common genetic risk factors for AD recently identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our study highlights the power of family-based studies in the identification of new etiological mechanisms and reveals, for the first time, a direct influence of the maternal genotype on the offspring’s susceptibility to a common human disease. Most human diseases are caused by a combination of multiple environmental and genetic influences. The widely used case/control approach aims to identify disease risk genes by comparing the genetic constitution of affected and healthy individuals. Although successful, this approach ignores additional mechanisms influencing disease risk. Here, we studied mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG), which are strong risk factors for atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergies, in a large number of families with AD. We found that FLG mutations in the mother, not the father, increased the AD risk of the children, even if the child did not inherit the mutation. Thus, our study revealed, for the first time, a direct influence of a maternal mutation on the child’s risk for a common disease. The maternal FLG effect was only found when the mothers were allergic, and was absent in families of non-allergic mothers. This finding suggests that FLG-induced changes in the maternal immune response shape the child’s immune system during pregnancy and increase the child’s risk for AD. Our study indicates that maternal FLG mutations act as strong environmental risk factors for the child and highlights the potential of family-based studies in uncovering novel disease mechanisms in medical genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Esparza-Gordillo
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic for Pediatric Allergy, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Matanovic
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic for Pediatric Allergy, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Marenholz
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic for Pediatric Allergy, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Bauerfeind
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rohde
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Nemat
- Klinik fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Min-Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Klinik fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marten C. G. Winge
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Krüger
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Lau
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Kalb
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bodo Niggemann
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heather J. Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Bradley
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
| | - Young-Ae Lee
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic for Pediatric Allergy, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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