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Zajac D, Wojciechowski P. The Role of Vitamins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108574. [PMID: 37239921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins play a crucial role in the proper functioning of organisms. Disturbances of their levels, seen as deficiency or excess, enhance the development of various diseases, including those of the cardiovascular, immune, or respiratory systems. The present paper aims to summarize the role of vitamins in one of the most common diseases of the respiratory system, asthma. This narrative review describes the influence of vitamins on asthma and its main symptoms such as bronchial hyperreactivity, airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway remodeling, as well as the correlation between vitamin intake and levels and the risk of asthma in both pre- and postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Zajac
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojciechowski
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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Wen J, Wang C, Giri M, Guo S. Association between serum folate levels and blood eosinophil counts in American adults with asthma: Results from NHANES 2011-2018. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134621. [PMID: 36911740 PMCID: PMC9993087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, many researches have investigated the correlation of folate and asthma occurrence. Nevertheless, few studies have discussed whether folate status is correlated with dis-ease severity, control or progression of asthma. So, we explored the correlation of serum folate and blood eosinophil counts in asthmatic adults to gain the role of folate in the control, progression, and treatment of asthma. Methods Data were obtained from the 2011-2018 NHANES, in which serum folate, blood eosinophils, and other covariates were measured among 2332 asthmatic adults. The regression model, XGBoost algorithm model, and generalized linear model were used to explore the potential correlation. Moreover, we conducted stratified analyses to determine certain populations. Results Among three models, the multivariate regression analysis demonstrated serum folate levels were negatively correlated with blood eosinophil counts among asthmatic adults with statistical significance. And we observed that blood eosinophil counts decreased by 0.20 (-0.34, -0.06)/uL for each additional unit of serum folate (nmol/L) after adjusting for confounders. Moreover, we used the XGBoost Algorithm model to identify the relative significance of chosen variables correlated with blood eosinophil counts and observed the linear relationship between serum folate levels and blood eosinophil counts by constructing the generalized linear model. Conclusions Our study indicated that serum folate levels were inversely associated with blood eosinophil counts in asthmatic adult populations of America, which indicated serum folate might be correlated with the immune status of asthmatic adults in some way. We suggested that serum folate might affect the control, development, and treatment of asthma. Finally, we hope more people will recognize the role of folate in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changfen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mohan Giri
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Tang JS, Cait A, White RM, Arabshahi HJ, O’Sullivan D, Gasser O. MR1-dependence of unmetabolized folic acid side-effects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946713. [PMID: 36016938 PMCID: PMC9395688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fortification of flour with folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects (NTD) is currently mandated in over eighty countries worldwide, hence compelling its consumption by the greater part of the world’s population. Notwithstanding its beneficial impact on rates of NTD, pervasive folic acid supplementation has invariably led to additive daily intakes reaching well beyond their original target, resulting in the circulation of unmetabolized folic acid. Associated idiopathic side-effects ranging from allergies to cancer have been suggested, albeit inconclusively. Herein, we hypothesize that their inconsistent detection and elusive etiology are linked to the in vivo generation of the immunosuppressive folic acid metabolite 6-formylpterin, which interferes with the still emerging and varied functions of Major Histocompatibility Complex-related molecule 1 (MR1)-restricted T cells. Accordingly, we predict that fortification-related adverse health outcomes can be eliminated by substituting folic acid with the bioequivalent folate vitamer 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, which does not break down into 6-formylpterin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry S. Tang
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alissa Cait
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Reuben M. White
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - David O’Sullivan
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Olivier Gasser,
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Folate derivatives, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, protect BEAS-2B cells from high glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:419-428. [PMID: 35678985 PMCID: PMC9179225 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Folate (vitamin B9) and its biologically active derivatives are well-known antioxidant molecules protecting cells from oxidative degradation. The presence of high glucose, often found in diabetic patients, causes oxidative stress resulting in cellular stress and inflammatory injury. Cells in organs such as the lung are highly prone to inflammation, and various protective mechanisms exist to prevent the progressive disorders arising from inflammation. In the present study, the synthetic form of folate, i.e. folic acid, and active forms of folate, i.e. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, were evaluated for their antioxidant and antiinflammatory potential against high glucose (50 mM)–mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in BEAS-2B cells, an immortalised bronchial epithelial cell line. High glucose treatment showed a 67% reduction in the viability of BEAS-2B cells, which was restored to the viability levels seen in control cultures by the addition of active folate derivatives to the culture media. The DCFH-DA fluorometric assay was performed for oxidative stress detection. The high glucose–treated cells showed a significantly higher fluorescence intensity (1.81- and 3.8-fold for microplate assay and microscopic observation, respectively), which was normalised to control levels on supplementation with active folate derivatives. The proinflammatory NF-κB p50 protein expression in the active folate derivative–supplemented high glucose–treated cells was significantly lower compared to the folic acid treatment. In support of these findings, in silico microarray GENVESTIGATOR database analysis showed that in bronchiolar small airway epithelial cells exposed to inflammatory condition, folate utilization pathway genes are largely downregulated. However, the folate-binding protein gene, which encodes to the folate receptor 1 (FOLR1), is significantly upregulated, suggesting a high demand for folate by these cells in inflammatory situations. Supplementation of the active folate derivatives 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate resulted in significantly higher protection over the folic acid from high glucose–induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, the biologically active folate derivatives could be a suitable alternative over the folic acid for alleviating inflammatory injury-causing oxidative stress.
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Chang SW, Kim MB, Kang JW. High serum folate level is positively associated with pulmonary function in elderly Korean men, but not in women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4523. [PMID: 35296703 PMCID: PMC8927119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited number of studies have been conducted on the relationship between serum vitamin levels and pulmonary function, particularly in the elderly population. This study attempted to confirm the association between serum vitamin levels (folate, vitamin A, and vitamin E) and pulmonary function in the elderly population of Korea. A total of 1166 subjects (528 men and 637 women) participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018. Serum levels of folate, vitamin A, and vitamin E were measured in the subjects. The subjects’ pulmonary function measurement items were as follows: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), forced expiratory flow at 25% and 75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25–75%), forced expiratory volume in 6 s (FEV6), and peak expiratory velocity (PEV). We performed regression analysis considering FEV1, PEV, FVC, FEF25–75%, and FEV1/FVC and FEV6 as dependent variables. Serum vitamin A levels were not associated with pulmonary function. In elderly men, serum vitamin E levels were negatively correlated with FVC [B = − 0.012, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 0.022 to − 0.003, p = 0.012] and FEV1 (B = − 0.010, 95% CI − 0.115 to − 0.007, p = 0.028). We confirmed a positive correlation of the serum folate level with FEV1 (B = 0.017, 95% CI 0.004–0.030, p = 0.009), FEV1/FVC (B = 0.003, 95% CI 0.001–0.005, p = 0.007), and FEF25–75% (B = 0.031, 95% CI 0.010–0.053, p = 0.005) in elderly men. This study confirmed that high serum folate levels were positively associated with pulmonary function in elderly men in Korea. Further studies are needed to understand the longitudinal effect of folate and its biological mechanism in pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Won Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Bum Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Wan Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 2111, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06237, Republic of Korea.
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Papamichael MM, Katsardis C, Tsoukalas D, Lambert K, Erbas B, Itsiopoulos C. Potential role of folate status on pulmonary function in pediatric asthma. Nutrition 2021; 90:111267. [PMID: 33979761 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between plasma folate status and measures of airway disease (as reflected by spirometry) in children with asthma on a traditional Mediterranean diet. We hypothesized that folate deficiency is associated with lung function impairment in this group of children. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 64 children with mild asthma (52% boys, mean age 8 ± 2 y) residing in Athens, Greece. Clinical assessments included spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) was analyzed using high performance-liquid chromatography assay and examined in participants using quartiles (Q1-Q4). RESULTS Of the 64 children, 45.3% were folate deficient (5-MTHF <10 nmol/L). A positive relationship was observed between 5-MTHF and forced vital capacity (FVC; β = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-1.44; adjusted P = 0.019), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) (β = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.01-1.55; adjusted P = 0.046), and peak expiratory flow (PEF; β = 1.64; 95% CI, 0.14-3.15; adjusted P = 0.033) in girls only, adjusting for body mass index and regular exercise. Girls with low plasma folate concentrations (Q1), compared with girls with high concentrations (Q4) had 8.64% lower FVC (β = -8.64; 95% CI, -16.18 to -1.09; adjusted P = 0.027), 10.35% FEV1 (β = -10.35; 95% CI, -18.82 to -1.89; adjusted P = 0.019), and 18.72% PEF (β = -18.72; 95% CI, -36.30 to -1.14; adjusted P = 0.038). CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlighted the potential negative effects of folate deficiency on pulmonary function in girls with asthma, the importance of monitoring folate status in children with asthma, and early prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Michelle Papamichael
- La Trobe University, School of Allied Health, Department of Dietetics, Nutrition & Sport, Melbourne, Australia; European Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Katrina Lambert
- La Trobe University, School of Psychology & Public Health, Department of Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- La Trobe University, School of Psychology & Public Health, Department of Public Health, Melbourne, Australia; Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Public Health, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- La Trobe University, School of Allied Health, Department of Dietetics, Nutrition & Sport, Melbourne, Australia; RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
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