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Shen H, Zheng R, Du M, Christiani DC. Environmental pollutants exposure-derived extracellular vesicles: crucial players in respiratory disorders. Thorax 2024; 79:680-691. [PMID: 38631896 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-221302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual exposure to environmental pollutants, as one of the most influential drivers of respiratory disorders, has received considerable attention due to its preventability and controllability. Considering that the extracellular vesicle (EV) was an emerging intercellular communication medium, recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of environmental pollutants derived EVs (EPE-EVs) in respiratory disorders. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were searched from January 2018 to December 2023 for publications with key words of environmental pollutants, respiratory disorders and EVs. RESULTS Environmental pollutants could disrupt airway intercellular communication by indirectly stimulating airway barrier cells to secrete endogenous EVs, or directly transmitting exogenous EVs, mainly by biological pollutants. Mechanistically, EPE-EVs transferred specific contents to modulate biological functions of recipient cells, to induce respiratory inflammation and impair tissue and immune function, which consequently contributed to the development of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer and infectious lung diseases. Clinically, EVs could emerged as promising biomarkers and biological agents for respiratory diseases attributed by their specificity, convenience, sensibility and stability. CONCLUSIONS Further studies of EPE-EVs are helpful to understand the aetiology and pathology of respiratory diseases, and facilitate the precision respiratory medicine in risk screening, early diagnosis, clinical management and biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Shen
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Departments of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Departments of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Wu M, Zhang X, Karunaratne S, Lee JH, Lampugnani ER, Selva KJ, Chung AW, Mueller SN, Chinnery HR, Downie LE. Intravital Imaging of the Human Cornea Reveals the Differential Effects of Season on Innate and Adaptive Immune Cell Morphodynamics. Ophthalmology 2024:S0161-6420(24)00273-2. [PMID: 38703795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Defining how the in vivo immune status of peripheral tissues is shaped by the external environment has remained a technical challenge. We recently developed Functional in vivo confocal microscopy (Fun-IVCM) for dynamic, longitudinal imaging of corneal immune cells in living humans. This study investigated the effect of seasonal-driven environmental factors on the morphodynamic features of human corneal immune cell subsets. DESIGN Longitudinal, observational clinical study. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen healthy participants (aged 18-40 years) attended 2 visits in distinct seasons in Melbourne, Australia (Visit 1, November-December 2021 [spring-summer]; Visit 2, April-June 2022 [autumn-winter]). METHODS Environmental data were collected over each period. Participants underwent ocular surface examinations and corneal Fun-IVCM (Heidelberg Engineering). Corneal scans were acquired at 5.5 ± 1.5-minute intervals for up to 5 time points. Time-lapse Fun-IVCM videos were created to analyze corneal immune cells, comprising epithelial T cells and dendritic cells (DCs), and stromal macrophages. Tear cytokines were analyzed using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Difference in the density, morphology, and dynamic parameters of corneal immune cell subsets over the study periods. RESULTS Visit 1 was characterized by higher temperature, lower humidity, and higher air particulate and pollen levels compared with Visit 2. Clinical ocular surface parameters and the density of immune cell subsets were similar across visits. At Visit 1 , corneal epithelial DCs were larger, with a lower dendrite probing speed (0.38 ± 0.21 vs. 0.68 ± 0.33 μm/min; P < 0.001) relative to Visit 2; stromal macrophages were more circular and had less dynamic activity (Visit 1, 7.2 ± 1.9 vs. Visit 2, 10.3 ± 3.7 dancing index; P < 0.001). Corneal T cell morphodynamics were unchanged across periods. Basal tear levels of interleukin 2 and CXCL10 were relatively lower during spring-summer. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies that the in vivo morphodynamics of innate corneal immune cells (DCs, macrophages) are modified by environmental factors, but such effects are not evident for adaptive immune cells (T cells). The cornea is a potential in vivo window to investigate season-dependent environmental influences on the human immune system. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Wu
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Senuri Karunaratne
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edwin R Lampugnani
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holly R Chinnery
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
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Lim SA, Ho N, Chen S, Chung EJ. Natural Killer Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Anti‐Viral Nanomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304186. [PMID: 38676697 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In viral infections, natural killer (NK) cells exhibit anti-viral activity by inducing apoptosis in infected host cells and impeding viral replication through heightened cytokine release. Extracellular vesicles derived from NK cells (NK-EVs) also contain the membrane composition, homing capabilities, and cargo that enable anti-viral activity. These characteristics, and their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity, give NK-EVs the potential to be a viable therapeutic platform. This study characterizes the size, EV-specific protein expression, cell internalization, biocompatibility, and anti-viral miRNA cargo to evaluate the anti-viral properties of NK-EVs. After 48 h of NK-EV incubation in inflamed A549 lung epithelial cells, or conditions that mimic lung viral infections such as during COVID-19, cells treated with NK-EVs exhibit upregulated anti-viral miRNA cargo (miR-27a, miR-27b, miR-369-3p, miR-491-5p) compared to the non-treated controls and cells treated with control EVs derived from lung epithelial cells. Additionally, NK-EVs effectively reduce expression of viral RNA and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-8) levels in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 kidney epithelial cells and in infected mice without causing tissue damage while significantly decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine compared to non-treated controls. Herein, this work elucidates the potential of NK-EVs as safe, anti-viral nanomaterials, offering a promising alternative to conventional NK cell and anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyoung A Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Nathan Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sophia Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, 1002 Childs Way, MCB 377, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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Landguth EL, Knudson J, Graham J, Orr A, Coyle EA, Smith P, Semmens EO, Noonan C. Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases pediatric respiratory healthcare encounters in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States. Environ Health 2024; 23:40. [PMID: 38622704 PMCID: PMC11017546 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Western Montana, USA, experiences complex air pollution patterns with predominant exposure sources from summer wildfire smoke and winter wood smoke. In addition, climate change related temperatures events are becoming more extreme and expected to contribute to increases in hospital admissions for a range of health outcomes. Evaluating while accounting for these exposures (air pollution and temperature) that often occur simultaneously and may act synergistically on health is becoming more important. METHODS We explored short-term exposure to air pollution on children's respiratory health outcomes and how extreme temperature or seasonal period modify the risk of air pollution-associated healthcare events. The main outcome measure included individual-based address located respiratory-related healthcare visits for three categories: asthma, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) across western Montana for ages 0-17 from 2017-2020. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover analysis with distributed lag models to identify sensitive exposure windows of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lagged from 0 (same-day) to 14 prior-days modified by temperature or season. RESULTS For asthma, increases of 1 µg/m3 in PM2.5 exposure 7-13 days prior a healthcare visit date was associated with increased odds that were magnified during median to colder temperatures and winter periods. For LRTIs, 1 µg/m3 increases during 12 days of cumulative PM2.5 with peak exposure periods between 6-12 days before healthcare visit date was associated with elevated LRTI events, also heightened in median to colder temperatures but no seasonal effect was observed. For URTIs, 1 unit increases during 13 days of cumulative PM2.5 with peak exposure periods between 4-10 days prior event date was associated with greater risk for URTIs visits that were intensified during median to hotter temperatures and spring to summer periods. CONCLUSIONS Delayed, short-term exposure increases of PM2.5 were associated with elevated odds of all three pediatric respiratory healthcare visit categories in a sparsely population area of the inter-Rocky Mountains, USA. PM2.5 in colder temperatures tended to increase instances of asthma and LRTIs, while PM2.5 during hotter periods increased URTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Landguth
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| | - Jonathon Knudson
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Jon Graham
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - Ava Orr
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Emily A Coyle
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Paul Smith
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Community Medical Center, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Erin O Semmens
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Curtis Noonan
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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He L, Norris C, Palaguachi-Lopez K, Barkjohn K, Li Z, Li F, Zhang Y, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang JJ. Nasal oxidative stress mediating the effects of colder temperature exposure on pediatric asthma symptoms. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03196-2. [PMID: 38605092 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colder temperature exposure is a known trigger for pediatric asthma exacerbation. The induction of oxidative stress is a known pathophysiologic pathway for asthma exacerbation. However, the role of oxidative stress in linking colder temperature exposure and worsened pediatric asthma symptoms is poorly understood. METHODS In a panel study involving 43 children with asthma, aged 5-13 years old, each child was visited 4 times with a 2-week interval. At each visit, nasal fluid, urine, and saliva samples were obtained and measured for biomarkers of oxidative stress in the nasal cavity (nasal malondialdehyde [MDA]), the circulatory system (urinary MDA), and the oral cavity (salivary MDA). Childhood Asthma-Control Test (CACT) was used to assess asthma symptoms. RESULTS When ambient daily-average temperature ranged from 7 to 18 °C, a 2 °C decrement in personal temperature exposures were significantly associated with higher nasal MDA and urinary MDA concentrations by 47-77% and 6-14%, respectively. We estimated that, of the decrease in child-reported CACT scores (indicating worsened asthma symptoms and asthma control) associated with colder temperature exposure, 14-57% were mediated by nasal MDA. CONCLUSION These results suggest a plausible pathway that colder temperature exposure worsens pediatric asthma symptoms partly via inducing nasal oxidative stress. IMPACT The role of oxidative stress in linking colder temperature exposure and worsened asthma symptoms is still poorly understood. Lower temperature exposure in a colder season was associated with higher nasal and systemic oxidative stress in children with asthma. Nasal MDA, a biomarker of nasal oxidative stress, mediated the associations between colder temperature exposures and pediatric asthma symptoms. The results firstly suggest a plausible pathway that colder temperature exposure worsens pediatric asthma symptoms partly via inducing oxidative stress in the nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Department of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly Palaguachi-Lopez
- Department of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Karoline Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Current Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | | | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Wolkoff P. Indoor air humidity revisited: Impact on acute symptoms, work productivity, and risk of influenza and COVID-19 infection. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114313. [PMID: 38154254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological and experimental findings reconfirm that low indoor air humidity (dry air) increases the prevalence of acute eye and airway symptoms in offices, result in lower mucociliary clearance in the airways, less efficient immune defense, and deteriorate the work productivity. New epidemiological and experimental research also support that the environmental conditions for the risk of infection of influenza and COVID-19 virus is lowest in the Goldilocks zone of 40-60% relative humidity (RH) by decrease of the airways' susceptibility, which can be elevated by particle exposure. Furthermore, low RH increases the generation of infectious virus laden aerosols exhaled from infected people. In general, elevation of the indoor air humidity from dry air increases the health of the airways concomitantly with lower viability of infectious virus. Thus, the negative effects of ventilation with dry outdoor air (low absolute air humidity) should be assessed according to 1) weakened health and functionality of the airways, 2) increased viability and possible increased transmissibility of infectious virus, and 3) evaporation of virus containing droplets to dry out to droplet nuclei (also possible at high room temperature), which increases their floating time in the indoor air. The removal of acid-containing ambient aerosols from the indoor air by filtration increases pH, viability of infectious viruses, and the risk of infection, which synergistically may further increase by particle exposure. Thus, the dilution of indoor air pollutants and virus aerosols by dry outdoor air ventilation should be assessed and compared with the beneficial health effects by control of the center zone of 40-60% RH, an essential factor for optimal functionality of the airways, and with the additional positive impact on acute symptoms, work productivity, and reduced risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Wolkoff
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark.
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7
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Reuschl AK, Thorne LG, Whelan MVX, Ragazzini R, Furnon W, Cowton VM, De Lorenzo G, Mesner D, Turner JLE, Dowgier G, Bogoda N, Bonfanti P, Palmarini M, Patel AH, Jolly C, Towers GJ. Evolution of enhanced innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:451-463. [PMID: 38228858 PMCID: PMC10847042 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) human adaptation resulted in distinct lineages with enhanced transmissibility called variants of concern (VOCs). Omicron is the first VOC to evolve distinct globally dominant subvariants. Here we compared their replication in human cell lines and primary airway cultures and measured host responses to infection. We discovered that subvariants BA.4 and BA.5 have improved their suppression of innate immunity when compared with earlier subvariants BA.1 and BA.2. Similarly, more recent subvariants (BA.2.75 and XBB lineages) also triggered reduced innate immune activation. This correlated with increased expression of viral innate antagonists Orf6 and nucleocapsid, reminiscent of VOCs Alpha to Delta. Increased Orf6 levels suppressed host innate responses to infection by decreasing IRF3 and STAT1 signalling measured by transcription factor phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Our data suggest that convergent evolution of enhanced innate immune antagonist expression is a common pathway of human adaptation and link Omicron subvariant dominance to improved innate immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy G Thorne
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Mary's Medical School, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew V X Whelan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roberta Ragazzini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Wilhelm Furnon
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vanessa M Cowton
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Dejan Mesner
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jane L E Turner
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Dowgier
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- COVID Surveillance Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nathasha Bogoda
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Bonfanti
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Arvind H Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clare Jolly
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Greg J Towers
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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Pinot de Moira A, Taylor-Robinson D. Social Inequalities in Asthma: The Cold Facts. Arch Bronconeumol 2023; 59:791-792. [PMID: 37596111 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pinot de Moira
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - David Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Public Health, Policy, and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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9
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Tang D, Liu M, Gao S, Sun H, Peng Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen H. Thermally engineered MSC-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate colitis in mice by restoring the imbalanced Th17/Treg cell ratio. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111077. [PMID: 38149575 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered extensive interest for their immunomodulatory properties in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. However, the development of EVs as clinical drugs often faces challenges such as low production yield and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we discovered that thermally engineering was able to enhance the yield of MSC-EVs. Moreover, the PD-L1 expression of EVs released from the thermal engineering MSCs was found to be upregulated significantly, and these EVs ameliorated the symptoms and pathological damages in murine dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. The therapeutic effect on DSS-induced colitis was mediated through the regulation of the Th17/Treg cell balance, demonstrating the immunomodulatory properties of the thermally engineering MSC-EVs. Overall, our findings suggest that thermal engineering can be utilized as a promising strategy for enhancing EV production and may provide a potential therapeutic approach for clinical treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqian Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Manqing Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Shenzhen University Affiliated Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yi Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Shenzhen University Affiliated Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Qianhai Taikang Hospital, No.3099, Menghai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Huan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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10
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Landguth EL, Knudson J, Graham J, Orr A, Coyle EA, Smith P, Semmens EO, Noonan C. Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases child respiratory hospitalizations in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3438033. [PMID: 37886498 PMCID: PMC10602161 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3438033/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Western Montana, USA, experiences complex air pollution patterns with predominant exposure sources from summer wildfire smoke and winter wood smoke. In addition, climate change related temperatures events are becoming more extreme and expected to contribute to increases in hospital admissions for a range of health outcomes. Few studies have evaluated these exposures (air pollution and temperature) that often occur simultaneously and may act synergistically on health. Methods We explored short-term exposure to air pollution on childhood respiratory health outcomes and how extreme temperature or seasonal period modify the risk of air pollution-associated hospitalizations. The main outcome measure included all respiratory-related hospital admissions for three categories: asthma, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) across western Montana for all individuals aged 0-17 from 2017-2020. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover analysis and distributed lag models to identify sensitive exposure windows of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lagged from 0 (same-day) to 15 prior-days modified by temperature or season. Results Short-term exposure increases of 1 μg/m3 in PM2.5 were associated with elevated odds of all three respiratory hospital admission categories. PM2.5 was associated with the largest increased odds of hospitalizations for asthma at lag 7-13 days [1.87(1.17-2.97)], for LRTI at lag 6-12 days [2.18(1.20-3.97)], and for URTI at a cumulative lag of 13 days [1.29(1.07-1.57)]. The impact of PM2.5 varied by temperature and season for each respiratory outcome scenario. For asthma, PM2.5 was associated most strongly during colder temperatures [3.11(1.40-6.89)] and the winter season [3.26(1.07-9.95)]. Also in colder temperatures, PM2.5 was associated with increased odds of LRTI hospitalization [2.61(1.15-5.94)], but no seasonal effect was observed. Finally, 13 days of cumulative PM2.5 prior to admissions date was associated with the greatest increased odds of URTI hospitalization during summer days [3.35(1.85-6.04)] and hotter temperatures [1.71(1.31-2.22)]. Conclusions Children's respiratory-related hospital admissions were associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5. PM2.5 associations with asthma and LRTI hospitalizations were strongest during cold periods, whereas associations with URTI were largest during hot periods. Classification environmental public health, fine particulate matter air pollution, respiratory infections.
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11
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Do DH. Winter Peaks in In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Patient Susceptibility or Hospital Overcrowding? JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:1768-1770. [PMID: 37480864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duc H Do
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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12
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Chua AJ, Francesco VD, Huang D, D'Souza A, Bleier BS, Amiji MM. Nanotechnology-enabled topical delivery of therapeutics in chronic rhinosinusitis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1399-1415. [PMID: 37800470 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses which represents a significant health burden due to its widespread prevalence and impact on patients' quality of life. As the molecular pathways driving and sustaining inflammation in CRS become better elucidated, the diversity of treatment options is likely to widen significantly. Nanotechnology offers several tools to enhance the effectiveness of topical therapies, which has been limited by factors such as poor drug retention, mucosal permeation and adhesion, removal by epithelial efflux pumps and the inability to effectively penetrate biofilms. In this review, we highlight the successful application of nanomedicine in the field of CRS therapeutics, discuss current limitations and propose opportunities for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Chua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 140 The Fenway Building, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, 110 Sengkang E Way, 544886, Singapore
| | - Valentina Di Francesco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 140 The Fenway Building, MA 02115, USA
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 140 The Fenway Building, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anisha D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 140 The Fenway Building, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 140 The Fenway Building, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Sousa BLA, Carneiro-Sampaio MMS. The double-edged sword: COVID-19 pandemic-related delay in immune maturation in young children. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100239. [PMID: 37399602 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
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14
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Khan M, Li L, Haak L, Payen SH, Carine M, Adhikari K, Uppal T, Hartley PD, Vasquez-Gross H, Petereit J, Verma SC, Pagilla K. Significance of wastewater surveillance in detecting the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and other respiratory viruses in the community - A multi-site evaluation. One Health 2023; 16:100536. [PMID: 37041760 PMCID: PMC10074727 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral genome in wastewater has proven to be useful for tracking the trends of virus prevalence within the community. The surveillance also provides precise and early detection of any new and circulating variants, which aids in response to viral outbreaks. Site-specific monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants provides valuable information on the prevalence of new or emerging variants in the community. We sequenced the genomic RNA of viruses present in the wastewater samples and analyzed for the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as other respiratory viruses for a period of one year to account for seasonal variations. The samples were collected from the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area on a weekly basis between November 2021 to November 2022. Samples were analyzed to detect the levels of SARS-CoV-2 genomic copies and variants identification. This study confirmed that wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants can be used for community surveillance and early detection of circulating variants and supports wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a complement to clinical respiratory virus testing as a healthcare response effort. Our study showed the persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus throughout the year compared to a seasonal presence of other respiratory viruses, implicating SARS-CoV-2's broad genetic diversity and strength to persist and infect susceptible hosts. Through secondary analysis, we further identified antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in the same wastewater samples and found WBE to be a feasible tool for community AMR detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, MS258, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Laura Haak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, MS258, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Shannon Harger Payen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Madeline Carine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, MS258, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Kabita Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Paul D. Hartley
- Nevada Genomics Center, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Hans Vasquez-Gross
- Nevada Bioinformatics Center (RRID:SCR_017802), University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Juli Petereit
- Nevada Bioinformatics Center (RRID:SCR_017802), University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Subhash C. Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Krishna Pagilla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, MS258, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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15
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Zhong S, Ma F, Gao J, Bian L. Who Gets the Flu? Individualized Validation of Influenza-like Illness in Urban Spaces. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105865. [PMID: 37239591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Urban dwellers are exposed to communicable diseases, such as influenza, in various urban spaces. Current disease models are able to predict health outcomes at the individual scale but are mostly validated at coarse scales due to the lack of fine-scaled ground truth data. Further, a large number of transmission-driving factors have been considered in these models. Because of the lack of individual-scaled validations, the effectiveness of factors at their intended scale is not substantiated. These gaps significantly undermine the efficacy of the models in assessing the vulnerability of individuals, communities, and urban society. The objectives of this study are twofold. First, we aim to model and, most importantly, validate influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms at the individual scale based on four sets of transmission-driving factors pertinent to home-work space, service space, ambient environment, and demographics. The effort is supported by an ensemble approach. For the second objective, we investigate the effectiveness of the factor sets through an impact analysis. The validation accuracy reaches 73.2-95.1%. The validation substantiates the effectiveness of factors pertinent to urban spaces and unveils the underlying mechanism that connects urban spaces and population health. With more fine-scaled health data becoming available, the findings of this study may see increasing value in informing policies that improve population health and urban livability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Zhong
- Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Fenglong Ma
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ling Bian
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14261, USA
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He Y, Liu WJ, Jia N, Richardson S, Huang C. Viral respiratory infections in a rapidly changing climate: the need to prepare for the next pandemic. EBioMedicine 2023:104593. [PMID: 37169688 PMCID: PMC10363434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics, with their transmission influenced by climate conditions. Despite the risks posed by novel VRIs, the relationships between climate change and VRIs remain poorly understood. In this review, we synthesized existing literature to explore the connections between changes in meteorological conditions, extreme weather events, long-term climate warming, and seasonal outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics of VRIs from an interdisciplinary perspective. We proposed a comprehensive conceptual framework highlighting the potential biological, socioeconomic, and ecological mechanisms underlying the impact of climate change on VRIs. Our findings suggested that climate change increases the risk of VRI emergence and transmission by affecting the biology of viruses, host susceptibility, human behavior, and environmental conditions of both society and ecosystems. Further interdisciplinary research is needed to address the dual challenge of climate change and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong He
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - William J Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Na Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Sol Richardson
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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17
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Nazareth J, Fahad M, Pareek M. Mitigating the return of acute respiratory virus infections. BMJ 2023; 380:352. [PMID: 36787911 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Nazareth
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Muhammad Fahad
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
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18
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Motlogeloa O, Fitchett JM, Sweijd N. Defining the South African Acute Respiratory Infectious Disease Season. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1074. [PMID: 36673827 PMCID: PMC9858855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The acute respiratory infectious disease season, or colloquially the "flu season", is defined as the annually recurring period characterized by the prevalence of an outbreak of acute respiratory infectious diseases. It has been widely agreed that this season spans the winter period globally, but the precise timing or intensity of the season onset in South Africa is not well defined. This limits the efficacy of the public health sector to vaccinate for influenza timeously and for health facilities to synchronize efficiently for an increase in cases. This study explores the statistical intensity thresholds in defining this season to determine the start and finish date of the acute respiratory infectious disease season in South Africa. Two sets of data were utilized: public-sector hospitalization data that included laboratory-tested RSV and influenza cases and private-sector medical insurance claims under ICD 10 codes J111, J118, J110, and J00. Using the intensity threshold methodology proposed by the US CDC in 2017, various thresholds were tested for alignment with the nineteen-week flu season as proposed by the South African NICD. This resulted in varying thresholds for each province. The respiratory disease season commences in May and ends in September. These findings were seen in hospitalization cases and medical insurance claim cases, particularly with influenza-positive cases in Baragwanath hospital for the year 2019. These statistically determined intensity thresholds and timing of the acute respiratory infectious disease season allow for improved surveillance and preparedness among the public and private healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogone Motlogeloa
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Jennifer M. Fitchett
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Neville Sweijd
- Alliance for Collaboration on Climate and Earth Systems Science (ACCESS), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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