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Al Nebaihi HM, Davies NM, Brocks DR. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics, chylomicron inhibition, and toxicity of colchicine in rats given low doses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 202:114392. [PMID: 38977066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Colchicine (COL) is known for its ability to inhibit the formation of intestinal chylomicrons and has been utilized as a non-surgical tool to explore drug absorption via the intestinal lymphatics. However, there is limited understanding of its pharmacokinetics and its relationship to effect and toxicity with the doses used. This study aimed to provide comprehensive COL pharmacokinetic data and correlate it with the lymphatic-blocking and toxicological effects of low-doses. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with jugular-vein cannulation (JVC) received 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg COL via oral, 0.25 mg/kg intraperitoneal, and 0.1 mg/kg intravenous routes, followed by blood and urine sampling for LC-MS/MS analysis. Effects on lipid absorption were assessed in another eight JVC rats receiving peanut oil with and without COL, followed by blood pharmacokinetic and plasma biochemistry analysis. The results revealed that COL exhibited moderate extraction ratio and high volume of distribution, with low oral bioavailability (<8%). About 20 % was recovered in the urine after parenteral dosing. Modest but significant reductions in cholesterol absorption was observed after oral doses of 0.5 mg/kg, accompanied by signs of inflammation and increased liver enzymes persisting for a week. The effect of COL on triglycerides formation was not significant. Despite its use as a non-surgical tool in rats to investigate drug absorption via the lymphatic pathway, COL demonstrated increased levels of liver function enzymes, emphasizing the need for caution and dose optimization in its utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdah M Al Nebaihi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alverta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Neal M Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alverta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dion R Brocks
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alverta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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2
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KISIMBA CM, DONAHUE JL, CHIVUKULA KK, SUBRAMANIAN P, MISTRY SD, WOLSKA A, REMALEY AT, YANOVSKI JA, DEMIDOWICH AP. Colchicine effects on the gut microbiome in adults with metabolic syndrome. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 42:236-242. [PMID: 37791340 PMCID: PMC10542426 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced inflammation plays a substantial role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The altered gut flora in obesity can also contribute to metabolic dysregulation and systemic inflammation. However, it remains unclear how dysregulation of systemic inflammation in obesity affects the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that colchicine's systemic anti-inflammatory effects in obesity would be associated with improvements in gut microbial diversity. We conducted a secondary analysis of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, in which 40 adults with obesity, high C-reactive protein (CRP) (≥2.0 mg/L), insulin resistance (homeostatic model of insulin resistance: HOMA-IR ≥2.6 mg/L), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were randomized to three months of colchicine 0.6 mg or placebo tablets twice daily. Serum and stool samples were collected at baseline and final visit. Gut microbiota composition was characterized from stool DNA by dual-index amplification and sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA. Pre- and post-intervention stool samples were available for 15 colchicine- and 12 placebo-treated subjects. Circulating high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), interleukin-6, resistin, white blood count, and neutrophils were significantly decreased in the colchicine arm as compared to placebo. However, changes in stool microbiome alpha diversity, as assessed by the Chao1, Shannon, and Pielou indices, were not significant between groups. Amplicon sequence variant counts were unchanged among all examined phyla or families. Oscillibacter was the only genus to demonstrate even a nominally significant change. Among adults with obesity and MetS, colchicine significantly improved systemic inflammation. However, this anti-inflammatory effect was not associated with significant changes in the gut microbiome. Further studies are warranted to investigate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine M. KISIMBA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural
Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330 MSC
1103 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack L. DONAHUE
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural
Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330 MSC
1103 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Krishna Karthik CHIVUKULA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural
Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330 MSC
1103 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Poorani SUBRAMANIAN
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office
of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room
1-3330 MSC 1103 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shreni D. MISTRY
- NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room
1-3330 MSC 1103 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna WOLSKA
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular
Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, 10 Center Drive,
Room 1-3330 MSC 1103 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan T. REMALEY
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular
Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, 10 Center Drive,
Room 1-3330 MSC 1103 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack A. YANOVSKI
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural
Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330 MSC
1103 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew P. DEMIDOWICH
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural
Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330 MSC
1103 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns
Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument St Ste 333, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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3
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Cesena FY, Generoso G, Santos RD, Pereira AC, Blaha MJ, Jones SR, Toth PP, Lotufo PA, Bittencourt MS, Benseñor IM. The association between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, circulating leukocytes, and low-grade inflammation: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:261-271. [PMID: 36878763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies have linked triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) to inflammation, but the extent of this phenomenon in vivo has not been completely elucidated. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between TRL subparticles and inflammatory markers (circulating leukocytes, plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], and GlycA) in the general population. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). TRLs (number of particles per unit volume) and GlycA were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The association between TRLs and inflammatory markers was determined by multiple linear regression models adjusted for demographic data, metabolic conditions, and lifestyle factors. Standardized regression coefficients (beta) with 95% confidence intervals are reported. RESULTS The study population comprised 4,001 individuals (54% females, age 50 ± 9 years). TRLs, especially medium and large subparticles, were associated with GlycA (beta 0.202 [0.168, 0.235], p<0.001 for total TRLs). There was no association between TRLs and hs-CRP (beta 0.022 [-0.011, 0.056], p = 0.190). Medium, large, and very large TRLs were associated with leukocytes, with stronger connections with neutrophils and lymphocytes than monocytes. When TRL subclasses were analyzed as the proportion of the total pool of TRL particles, medium and large TRLs were positively related to leukocytes and GlycA, whereas smaller particles were inversely associated. CONCLUSIONS There are different patterns of association between TRL subparticles and inflammatory markers. The findings support the hypothesis that TRLs (especially medium and larger subparticles) may induce a low-grade inflammatory environment that involves leukocyte activation and is captured by GlycA, but not hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuliano Generoso
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology (LIM13), University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Genetics Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven R Jones
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA; Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela M Benseñor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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4
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Patel TP, Levine JA, Elizondo DM, Arner BE, Jain A, Saxena A, Lopez-Ocasio M, Dagur PK, Famuyiwa O, Gupta S, Sarrafan-Chaharsoughi Z, Biancotto A, McCoy JP, Demidowich AP, Yanovski JA. Immunomodulatory effects of colchicine on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations in human obesity: Data from a randomized controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:466-478. [PMID: 36628649 PMCID: PMC9877161 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colchicine is known to reduce inflammation and improve endothelial cell function and atherosclerosis in obesity, but there is little knowledge of the specific circulating leukocyte populations that are modulated by colchicine. METHODS A secondary analysis of a double-blind randomized controlled trial of colchicine 0.6 mg or placebo twice daily for 3 months on circulating leukocyte populations and regulation of the immune secretome in 35 adults with obesity was performed. RESULTS Colchicine altered multiple innate immune cell populations, including dendritic cells and lymphoid progenitor cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells when compared with placebo. Among all subjects and within the colchicine group, changes in natural killer cells were significantly positively associated with reductions in biomarkers of inflammation, including cyclooxygenase 2, pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D, myeloperoxidase, proteinase 3, interleukin-16, and resistin. Changes in dendritic cells were positively correlated with changes in serum heart-type fatty acid-binding protein concentrations. Additionally, colchicine treatment reduced cluster of differentiation (CD) CD4+ T effector cells and CD8+ T cytotoxic cells. Conversely, colchicine increased CD4+ and CD8+ T central memory cells and activated CD38High CD8+ T cells. Changes in CD4+ T effector cells were associated with changes in serum heart-type fatty acid-binding protein. CONCLUSIONS In adults with obesity, colchicine significantly affects circulating leukocyte populations involved in both innate and adaptive immune systems along with the associated inflammatory secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar P. Patel
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jordan A. Levine
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diana M. Elizondo
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brooke E. Arner
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arad Jain
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ankit Saxena
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Lopez-Ocasio
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pradeep K. Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olufisola Famuyiwa
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suryaa Gupta
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zahra Sarrafan-Chaharsoughi
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angelique Biancotto
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, M, USA
| | - J. Philip McCoy
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P. Demidowich
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Community Physicians at Howard County General Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Abu Fanne R, Arbel Y, Chorin E, Maraga E, Groisman GM, Higazi AA, Banai S. Association between tissue human neutrophil peptide 1-3 levels and cardiovascular phenotype: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221127099. [PMID: 36268757 PMCID: PMC9597035 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221127099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammation is associated with atherogenesis. Although a higher neutrophil
count is associated with the plaque burden, the role of neutrophil
activation is unclear. Human neutrophil peptides 1–3 (HNP1–3) are a risk
factor for atherogenesis in bench models and are elevated in human
atheromas. This study aimed to examine the association between skin HNP1–3
deposition and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), including
long-term outcomes. Methods HNP1–3 levels were immunohistochemically quantified in skin biopsies, which
were prospectively taken from 599 consecutive patients before clinically
indicated coronary angiography. Established cardiovascular risk factors and
blood markers for atheroinflammation were obtained. CAD severity and the
incidence of repeat revascularization and mortality at 48 months of
follow-up were assessed in relation to HNP1–3 levels. Results The risk of CAD was independently associated with age and HNP1–3 in the
entire cohort (F = 0.71 and F = 7.4, respectively). Additionally, HNP1–3
levels were significantly associated with myocardial necrosis (R = 0.26). At
the follow-up, high HNP1–3 levels negatively affected mortality (19.54%) and
recurrent revascularization (8.05%). Conclusion HNP1–3 tissue deposition is positively associated with the severity of CAD,
myonecrosis, and long-term sequelae. HNP1–3 levels may be suppressed using
colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Abu Fanne
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera,
Israel,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah University
Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel,Rami Abu Fanne, Hillel Yaffe Medical
Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, POB 169, Hashalom Street,
Hadera 38100, Israel.
| | - Yaron Arbel
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center Affiliated to
the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Chorin
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center Affiliated to
the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Emad Maraga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah University
Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Abd Alroof Higazi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah University
Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shmuel Banai
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center Affiliated to
the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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6
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Levine JA, Sarrafan-Chaharsoughi Z, Patel TP, Brady SM, Chivukula KK, Miller E, Han JM, Periwal V, Wolska A, Remaley AT, Dagur PK, Biancotto A, Babyak A, Fantoni G, Yanovski JA, Demidowich AP. Effects of colchicine on lipolysis and adipose tissue inflammation in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:358-368. [PMID: 34978374 PMCID: PMC8799499 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether colchicine's anti-inflammatory effects would improve measures of lipolysis and distribution of leukocyte populations in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study in which 40 adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were randomized to colchicine 0.6 mg or placebo twice daily for 3 months. Non-insulin-suppressible (l0 ), insulin-suppressible (l2 ), and maximal (l0 +l2 ) lipolysis rates were calculated by minimal model analysis. Body composition was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. SAT leukocyte populations were characterized by flow cytometry analysis from biopsied samples obtained before and after the intervention. RESULTS Colchicine treatment significantly decreased l2 and l0 +l2 versus placebo (p < 0.05). These changes were associated with a significant reduction in markers of systemic inflammation, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, resistin, and circulating monocytes and neutrophils (p < 0.01). Colchicine did not significantly alter SAT leukocyte population distributions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In adults with obesity and MetS, colchicine appears to improve insulin regulation of lipolysis and reduce markers of systemic inflammation independent of an effect on local leukocyte distributions in SAT. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms by which colchicine affects adipose tissue metabolic pathways in adults with obesity and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Levine
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zahra Sarrafan-Chaharsoughi
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tushar P Patel
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - K Karthik Chivukula
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Clinical Endocrinology Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Miller
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jung Min Han
- Computational Medicine Section, Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vipul Periwal
- Computational Medicine Section, Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Wolska
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pradeep K Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angelique Biancotto
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley Babyak
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Giovanna Fantoni
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew P Demidowich
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Community Physicians at Howard County General Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Columbia, Maryland, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Analysis of hepatic transcriptome modulation exerted by γ-conglutin from lupins in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. Gene 2020; 761:145036. [PMID: 32777525 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lupinus albus γ-conglutin is proposed to positively affect glucose metabolism through inhibition of hepatic glucose production and insulin-mimetic activity; however, the action mechanism is not entirely known. Besides, most studies had focused on its effect on molecular targets directly related to glucose metabolism, and few studies have investigated how γ-conglutin may affect the liver gene expression or if it plays a role in other metabolic processes. Therefore, we investigated the influence of γ-conglutin on the liver transcriptome of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using DNA microarrays, ontological analyses, and quantitative PCR. Of the 22,000 genes evaluated, 803 and 173 were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. The ontological analyses of the differentially expressed genes revealed that among others, the mitochondria, microtubules, cytoskeleton, and oxidoreductase activity terms were enriched, implying a possible role of γ-conglutin on autophagy. To corroborate the microarray results, we selected and quantified, by PCR, the expression of two genes associated with autophagy (Atg7 and Snx18) and found their expression augmented two and threefold, respectively; indicating a higher autophagy activity in animals treated with γ-conglutin. Although complementary studies are required, our findings indicate for the first time that the hypoglycaemic effects of γ-conglutin may involve an autophagy induction mechanism, a pivotal process for the preservation of cell physiology and glucose homeostasis.
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8
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Associations of GlycA and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with measures of lipolysis in adults with obesity. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:667-674. [PMID: 32863171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated inflammation promotes metabolic dysfunction. However, it is unclear how different inflammatory biomarkers predict dysregulation in specific tissues/organs, particularly adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to examine whether GlycA, a nuclear magnetic resonance-measured biomarker of inflammation, is a better predictor of insulin-suppressible lipolysis and other measures of metabolic dysfunction compared with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in human obesity. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 58 nondiabetic adults with obesity (body mass index: 39.8 ± 7.0 kg/m2, age 46.5 ± 12.2 years, 67.2% female) who underwent a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test in the fasted state. Noninsulin-suppressible (l0), insulin-suppressible (l2), and maximal (l0+l2) lipolysis rates, as well as insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response to glucose, were calculated by minimal model analysis. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to measure GlycA. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS GlycA was strongly correlated with hsCRP (r = +0.46; P < .001). GlycA and hsCRP were positively associated with l2, l0+l2, and fat mass (Ps < .01). In linear regression models accounting for age, race, sex, and fat mass, GlycA remained significantly associated with l2 and l0+l2 (Ps < .05), whereas hsCRP did not (Ps ≥ .20). Neither GlycA nor hsCRP was associated with l0, insulin sensitivity, or acute insulin response to glucose. CONCLUSIONS GlycA was associated with elevated lipolysis, independent of adiposity, in adults with obesity. Our findings suggest that GlycA and hsCRP have distinct inflammation-mediated metabolic effects, with GlycA having a greater association with adipose tissue dysfunction. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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9
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Colchicine's effects on metabolic and inflammatory molecules in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1793-1799. [PMID: 32461554 PMCID: PMC7253147 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that colchicine may have metabolic and cardiovascular and benefits in at-risk patients; however, the mechanisms through which colchicine may improve outcomes are still unclear. We sought to examine colchicine’s effects on circulating inflammatory and metabolic molecules in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods Blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention during a double-blind randomized controlled trial in which 40 adults with obesity and MetS were randomized to colchicine 0.6 mg or placebo twice-daily for 3 months. Serum samples were analyzed for 1305 circulating factors using the SomaScan Platform. The Benjamini–Hochberg procedure was used to adjust the false discovery rate (FDR) for multiple testing. Results At baseline, age (48.0 ± 13.8 vs. 44.7 ± 10.3 years) and BMI (39.8 ± 6.4 vs. 41.8 ± 8.2 kg/m2) were not different between groups. After controlling for the FDR, 34 molecules were significantly changed by colchicine. Colchicine decreased concentrations of multiple inflammatory molecules, including C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and resistin, in addition to vascular-related proteins (e.g., oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor, phosphodiesterase 5A). Conversely, relative to placebo, colchicine significantly increased concentrations of eight molecules including secreted factors associated with metabolism and anti-thrombosis. Conclusions In adults with obesity, colchicine significantly affected concentrations of proteins involved in the innate immune system, endothelial function and atherosclerosis, uncovering new mechanisms behind its cardiometabolic effects. Further research is warranted to investigate whether colchicine’s IL-6 suppressive effects may be beneficial in COVID-19.
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Higazi M, Abdeen S, Abu-Fanne R, Heyman SN, Masarwy A, Bdeir K, Maraga E, Cines DB, Higazi AAR. Opposing effects of HNP1 (α-defensin-1) on plasma cholesterol and atherogenesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231582. [PMID: 32302327 PMCID: PMC7164655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the predominant cause of death in well-resourced countries, may develop in the presence of plasma lipid levels within the normal range. Inflammation may contribute to lesion development in these individuals, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Transgenic mice expressing α-def-1 released from activated neutrophils develop larger lipid and macrophage-rich lesions in the proximal aortae notwithstanding hypocholesterolemia caused by accelerated clearance of α-def-1/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) complexes from the plasma. The phenotype does not develop when the release of α-def-1 is prevented with colchicine. However, ApoE-/- mice crossed with α-def-1 mice or given exogenous α-def-1 develop smaller aortic lesions associated with reduced plasma cholesterol, suggesting a protective effect of accelerated LDL clearance. Experiments were performed to address this seeming paradox and to determine if α-def-1 might provide a means to lower cholesterol and thereby attenuate atherogenesis. We confirmed that exposing ApoE-/- mice to α-def-1 lowers total plasma cholesterol and decreases lesion size. However, lesion size was larger than in mice with total plasma cholesterol lowered to the same extent by inhibiting its adsorption or by ingesting a low-fat diet. Furthermore, α-def-1 levels correlated independently with lesion size in ApoE-/- mice. These studies show that α-def-1 has competing effects on atherogenesis. Although α-def-1 accelerates LDL clearance from plasma, it also stimulates deposition and retention of LDL in the vasculature, which may contribute to development of atherosclerosis in individuals with normal or even low plasma levels of cholesterol. Inhibiting α-def-1 may attenuate the impact of chronic inflammation on atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Higazi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suhair Abdeen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami Abu-Fanne
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Samuel N. Heyman
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aseel Masarwy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Khalil Bdeir
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania-Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Emad Maraga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Douglas B. Cines
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania-Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Abd Al-Roof Higazi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania-Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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From the editor: Margaritaville blues and Philadelphia news. J Clin Lipidol 2019; 13:857-858. [PMID: 31837748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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