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Yuan Y, Hu X, Zhang S, Wang W, Yu B, Zhou Y, Ou Y, Dong H. Remnant cholesterol, preinflammatory state and chronic kidney disease: association and mediation analyses. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2361094. [PMID: 38856016 PMCID: PMC11168229 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2361094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood lipid management is a key approach in the prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Remnant cholesterol (RC) plays an important role in the development of multiple diseases via chronic inflammation. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between RC and CKD and explore the role of inflammation in this relationship. The 7696 subjects from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey were divided into four subgroups according to the quartile of RC. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Fasting RC was calculated as total cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the relationships between RC and CKD. Mediation analysis was undertaken to identify potential mediators of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and white blood cells (WBCs). Of all participants, the mean age was 51 years, and the male accounted for 47.8%. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for the highest versus lowest quartile of remnant cholesterol were 1.40 (1.10-1.78, p for trend = 0.006) for CKD. RC and preinflammatory markers have combined effect on CKD. The preinflammatory state, presented by increased hs-CRP or WBCs, partially mediated the association between RC and CKD with proportion of 10.14% (p = 0.002) and 11.65% (p = 0.012), respectively. In conclusion, this study suggested a positive relationship between RC and CKD, which was partially mediated by preinflammatory state. These findings highlight the importance of RC and inflammation in renal dysfunction.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject?: Dyslipidemia plays an important role in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Remnant cholesterol (RC), as a triglyceride-rich particle, can contribute to target organ damage, primarily through inflammatory pathways. However, the relationship between RC and CKD in the community-dwelling population, particularly the role of inflammation, is not yet fully understood.What do the results of this study add?: This study shows that RC was significantly associated with CKD. RC and preinflammatory status exhibit a combined effect on CKD. Preinflammatory state, presented by increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or white blood cells, partially mediated the association between RC and CKD.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research?: The study provides us with a better understanding of the role of RC and inflammation in kidney dysfunction and raises the awareness of RC in the management of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yougen Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nanchang First Hospital, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangming Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanghong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
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Duan L, Zhao Y, Jia J, Chao T, Wang H, Liang Y, Lou Y, Zheng Q, Wang H. Myeloid-restricted CD68 deficiency attenuates atherosclerosis via inhibition of ROS-MAPK-apoptosis axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166698. [PMID: 36965676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
In atherosclerosis, macrophages derived from blood monocytes contribute to non-resolving inflammation, which subsequently primes necrotic core formation, and ultimately triggers acute thrombotic vascular disease. Nevertheless, little is known about how inflammatory cells, especially the macrophages fuel atherosclerosis. CD68, a unique class D scavenger receptor (SRD) family member, is specifically expressed in monocytes/macrophages and remarkably up-regulated upon oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulation. Nonetheless, whether and how myeloid-specific CD68 affects atherosclerosis remains to be defined. To determine the essential in vivo role and mechanism linking CD68 to atherosclerosis, we engineered global and myeloid-specific CD68-deficient mice on an ApoE background. On Western diet, both the mice with global and the myeloid-restricted deletion of CD68 on ApoE background attenuated atherosclerosis, accompanied by diminished immune/inflammatory cell burden and necrotic core content, but increased smooth muscle cell content in atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro experiments revealed that CD68 deficiency in macrophages resulted in attenuated ox-LDL-induced macrophage apoptosis. Additionally, CD68 deficiency suppressed ROS production, while removal of ROS can markedly reversed this effect. We further showed that CD68 deficiency affected apoptosis through inactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Our findings establish CD68 as a macrophage lineage-specific regulator of "ROS-MAPK-apoptosis" axis, thus providing a previously unknown mechanism for the prominence of CD68 as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Its therapeutic inhibition may provide a potent lever to alleviate the cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Duan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yucong Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tianzhu Chao
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yunwei Lou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Is microRNA-33 an Appropriate Target in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040902. [PMID: 36839260 PMCID: PMC9958916 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis is a complicated process involving regulation of cholesterol synthesis, dietary uptake and bile acid synthesis and excretion. Reverse cholesterol transport, described as the transfer of cholesterol from non-hepatic cells, including foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques, to the liver and then its excretion in the feces is important part of this regulation. High-density lipoproteins are the key mediators of reverse cholesterol transport. On the other hand, microRNA-33 was identified as a key regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. Recent studies indicate the impact of microRNA-33 not only on cellular cholesterol efflux and HDL production but also on bile metabolism in the liver. As proper coordination of cholesterol metabolism is essential to human health, discussion of recent findings in this field may open new perspectives in the microRNA-dependent treatment of a cholesterol imbalance.
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Muthuramu I, Mishra M, De Geest B. Increased Remnant Lipoproteins in Apo E Deficient Mice Induce Coronary Atherosclerosis following Transverse Aortic Constriction and Aggravate the Development of Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071592. [PMID: 35884897 PMCID: PMC9312863 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine coronary arteries are very resistant to the development of atherosclerosis, which may be related to their intramyocardial course. Blood pressure promotes atherosclerotic plaque formation by acting as a physical force that potentiates the migration of pro-atherogenic lipoproteins across the endothelium. C57BL/6N apolipoprotein (apo) E deficient mice have increased remnant lipoproteins that are a risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis. In this study, our aim was to quantify coronary atherosclerosis and artery remodeling following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C57BL/6N apo E−/− mice and to evaluate the impact of increased remnant lipoproteins on the development of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Advanced atherosclerotic lesions were observed in the left coronary artery of C57BL/6N apo E−/− TAC mice but not in C57BL/6N TAC mice. Pressure overload resulted in markedly increased cardiac hypertrophy and more pronounced heart failure in C57BL/6N apo E−/− TAC mice in comparison to C57BL/6N TAC mice. Pathological hypertrophy, as evidenced by increased myocardial fibrosis and capillary rarefaction, was more prominent in C57BL/6N TAC apo E−/− than in C57BL/6N TAC mice and led to more marked cardiac dysfunction. In conclusion, TAC in apo E deficient mice induces coronary atherosclerosis and aggravates the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilayaraja Muthuramu
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.M.); (M.M.)
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart De Geest
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-372059; Fax: +32-16-345990
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Hu X, Liu Q, Guo X, Wang W, Yu B, Liang B, Zhou Y, Dong H, Lin J. The role of remnant cholesterol beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:117. [PMID: 35761281 PMCID: PMC9238255 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has linked elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and remnant cholesterol (RC) with diabetes mellitus (DM). The present study aims to estimate the RC-related DM risk beyond LDL-C, and to investigate the extent to which the association of RC and DM is mediated via insulin resistance and inflammation. METHODS We enrolled 7308 individuals without previous history of DM into the present study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Fasting RC was calculated as total cholesterol minus LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Subjects were divided into four groups according to their LDL-C (100 mg/dL) and RC (24 mg/dL) levels to evaluate the role of LDL-C vs. RC on DM. A logistic regression analysis was then employed to evaluate the relationships between the discordant/concordant LDL-C and RC and DM. A mediation analysis was undertaken to identify potential mediators. RESULTS Of all the participants, a total of 625 (8.55%) patients were newly diagnosed with DM. Compared to the high LDL-C/low RC group, the low LDL-C/high RC group was more common in DM patients. After a multivariate adjustment, elevated LDL-C and RC were associated with DM. Moreover, the low LDL-C/high RC group and the high LDL-C/low RC group manifested a 4.04-fold (95% CI 2.93-5.56) and 1.61-fold (95% CI 1.21-2.15) higher risk of DM, relative to those with low LDL-C/low RC. The subgroup analysis indicated that low LDL-C/high RC was more likely to be related to DM in females. Similar results were also shown when the sensitivity analyses were performed with different clinical cut-points of LDL-C. Insulin resistance and inflammation partially mediated the association between RC and DM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided evidence for RC beyond the LDL-C associations with DM that may be mediated via insulin resistance and the pro-inflammatory state. In addition, women are more susceptible to RC exposure-related DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qunzhi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyuan Guo
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Weimian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingyan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Beijia Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Haojian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jijin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Kong P, Cui ZY, Huang XF, Zhang DD, Guo RJ, Han M. Inflammation and atherosclerosis: signaling pathways and therapeutic intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:131. [PMID: 35459215 PMCID: PMC9033871 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease driven by traditional and nontraditional risk factors. Genome-wide association combined with clonal lineage tracing and clinical trials have demonstrated that innate and adaptive immune responses can promote or quell atherosclerosis. Several signaling pathways, that are associated with the inflammatory response, have been implicated within atherosclerosis such as NLRP3 inflammasome, toll-like receptors, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, Notch and Wnt signaling pathways, which are of importance for atherosclerosis development and regression. Targeting inflammatory pathways, especially the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and its regulated inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, could represent an attractive new route for the treatment of atherosclerotic diseases. Herein, we summarize the knowledge on cellular participants and key inflammatory signaling pathways in atherosclerosis, and discuss the preclinical studies targeting these key pathways for atherosclerosis, the clinical trials that are going to target some of these processes, and the effects of quelling inflammation and atherosclerosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Zi-Yang Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Rui-Juan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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Sanda GM, Toma L, Barbalata T, Moraru OE, Niculescu LS, Sima AV, Stancu CS. Clusterin, paraoxonase 1, and myeloperoxidase alterations induce high-density lipoproteins dysfunction and contribute to peripheral artery disease; aggravation by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biofactors 2022; 48:454-468. [PMID: 34741558 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disorder affecting arteries of the lower limbs, the major risk factors including dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to identify alterations of the proteins in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) associated with HDL dysfunction in PAD patients. HDL2 and HDL3 were isolated from plasma of PAD patients with/without DM (PAD-DM/PAD) and healthy subjects (N). Apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI), ApoAII, ApoCIII, clusterin (CLU), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and ceruloplasmin (CP) were measured in HDL2 /HDL3 and plasma. Oxidation and glycation of the analyzed proteins were assessed as malondialdehyde-protein adducts (MDA) and advanced glycation end-products (AGE), respectively. The anti-inflammatory effect of HDL3 was estimated as its potential to reduce monocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor α-activated endothelial cells. We show that in PAD patients compared to N subjects: (i) HDL2 presented increased levels of MDA-PON1, AGE-PON1, AGE-ApoAI, ApoAII, ApoCIII, and CP levels, and decreased PON1 levels; (ii) HDL3 had increased levels of MDA- and AGE-CLU and -ApoAI, MDA-PON1, ApoCIII, CLU, MPO, CP, and reduced PON1 levels. All these alterations were exacerbated by DM. These changes were more pronounced in HDL3 , which had reduced anti-inflammatory potential in PAD and became pro-inflammatory in PAD-DM. In PAD patients' plasma, CLU levels and MPO specific activity increased, while PON1 specific activity decreased. In conclusion, HDL function is altered in PAD patients due to multiple modifications of associated proteins that are aggravated by DM. Plasma CLU, MPO, and PON1 could constitute indicators of HDL dysfunction and contribute to risk stratification in PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Sanda
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Toma
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora Barbalata
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oriana E Moraru
- Emergency Clinical Hospital "Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu", Ilfov County, Romania
| | - Loredan S Niculescu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca V Sima
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia S Stancu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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Han X, Gross RW. The foundations and development of lipidomics. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100164. [PMID: 34953866 PMCID: PMC8953652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, the importance of lipid metabolism in biology was recognized but difficult to mechanistically understand due to the lack of sensitive and robust technologies for identification and quantification of lipid molecular species. The enabling technological breakthroughs emerged in the 1980s with the development of soft ionization methods (Electrospray Ionization and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) that could identify and quantify intact individual lipid molecular species. These soft ionization technologies laid the foundations for what was to be later named the field of lipidomics. Further innovative advances in multistage fragmentation, dramatic improvements in resolution and mass accuracy, and multiplexed sample analysis fueled the early growth of lipidomics through the early 1990s. The field exponentially grew through the use of a variety of strategic approaches, which included direct infusion, chromatographic separation, and charge-switch derivatization, which facilitated access to the low abundance species of the lipidome. In this Thematic Review, we provide a broad perspective of the foundations, enabling advances, and predicted future directions of growth of the lipidomics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Departments of Medicine - Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Richard W Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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