1
|
Chawla T, Hurrell C, Keough V, Lindquist CM, Mohammed MF, Samson C, Sugrue G, Walsh C. Canadian Association of Radiologists Practice Guidelines for Computed Tomography Colonography. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024; 75:54-68. [PMID: 37411043 DOI: 10.1177/08465371231182975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most common malignancy in Canada. Computed tomography colonography (CTC) provides a creditable and validated option for colon screening and assessment of known pathology in patients for whom conventional colonoscopy is contraindicated or where patients self-select to use imaging as their primary modality for initial colonic assessment. This updated guideline aims to provide a toolkit for both experienced imagers (and technologists) and for those considering launching this examination in their practice. There is guidance for reporting, optimal exam preparation, tips for problem solving to attain high quality examinations in challenging scenarios as well as suggestions for ongoing maintenance of competence. We also provide insight into the role of artificial intelligence and the utility of CTC in tumour staging of colorectal cancer. The appendices provide more detailed guidance into bowel preparation and reporting templates as well as useful information on polyp stratification and management strategies. Reading this guideline should equip the reader with the knowledge base to perform colonography but also provide an unbiased overview of its role in colon screening compared with other screening options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Chawla
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Casey Hurrell
- Canadian Association of Radiologists, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Keough
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chris M Lindquist
- Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mohammed F Mohammed
- Abdominal Radiology Section, Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Caroline Samson
- Département de Radiologie, Radio-oncologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gavin Sugrue
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Walsh
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
PET/CT Integrated With CT Colonography in Preoperative Obstructive Colorectal Cancer by Incomplete Optical Colonoscopy: A Prospective Study. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45:943-947. [PMID: 32910057 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate if integrating whole-body PET/CT with CT colonography (PET/CTC) improves the preoperative diagnosis of obstructive colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We prospectively included 47 consecutive patients (18 women and 29 men; mean age, 71 ± 14 years) suspected of having CRC by optical colonoscopy, which was not completed due to obstructive masses. To perform PET/CTC, a small caliber Foley catheter was inserted to distend the colon with CO2 insufflations. Polyps measuring 10 mm or larger were considered as high risk of malignancy. All findings were histologically confirmed. RESULTS Colorectal cancer was localized in the sigmoid (n = 21), rectum (n = 7), rectosigmoid junction (n = 5), ascending (n = 7), descending (n = 5), and transverse (n = 2) colon. All tumors showed FDG uptake (mean ± SD SUVmax, 20.02 ± 9.9) including one synchronic tumor (SUVmax, 10.46). Forty-seven polyps were histologically confirmed as smaller than 10 mm (n = 35) and 10 mm or larger (n = 12). All 12 polyps 10 mm or larger showed FDG uptake (SUVmax range, 3.08-19.5), but only one smaller than 10 mm could be identified by PET. Pathological lymph nodes were diagnosed in 17/47 cases after surgical removal with a sensitivity and specificity for CTC and PET/CTC of 71% and 97% and 59% and 100%, respectively. Liver metastases were confirmed in 9 patients and in 4/9 along with lung metastases (n = 2) or implants (n = 2), showing a sensitivity and specificity for CTC of 89% and 100% and both 100% for PET/CTC. CONCLUSIONS PET/CTC is a reliable technique for staging CRC and diagnosing synchronous tumors. In this series, PET/CTC was not able to identify small polyps but showed potential use for ruling out 10 mm or larger polyps at high risk of malignancy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sosna J, Kettanie A, Fraifeld S, Bar-Ziv J, Carel RS. Prevalence of polyps ≥6 mm on follow-up CT colonography in a cohort with no significant colon polyps at baseline. Clin Imaging 2019; 55:1-7. [PMID: 30690226 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Assess the prevalence of neoplasia ≥6 mm at repeat CT colonoscopy (CTC) in individuals with no significant lesions at baseline. METHODS Individuals aged ≥18 years, with/without CRC risk factors, with no polyps ≥6 mm on baseline CTC (negative baseline) who underwent repeat CTC in a large HMO from 2001 to 2011 were retrospectively identified. Studies were reviewed by board-certified radiologists with experience interpreting CTC. Demographic details, CRC risk factors, and the number, size, and location of incident lesions were noted. Findings were classified using the C-RADS scale. Lesion prevalence at CTC-2 was determined, and study interval and risk characteristics of patients with- and without findings were compared. RESULTS Our study included 636 individuals (369 men [58.0%]; mean age 59.9 years) with negative baseline CTC who underwent repeat CTC after a mean 4.6 year interval (SD 1.6 years). At baseline, 469/636 (73.7%) were at average risk for CRC; 418 remained at average risk for CTC-2 with 51 (8.0%) developing new risk factors in the interval between studies. At CTC-2, 47 participants (7.4%) presented 52 significant neoplasia: 35 polyps 6-9 mm, 14 polyps ≥10 mm, and 3 masses in 3/636 participants (0.47%). 2/3 masses, 6/14 polyps ≥10 mm (42.9%), and 12/25 polyps 6-9 mm (48.0%) were in individuals with risk factors for CRC. Histopathology was available for 12/52 lesions (23.1%): 8 tubular adenomas, 2 villous adenomas, 1 hamartomatous polyp, 1 case of normal tissue. CONCLUSION A mean 4.6 years after negative-baseline CTC, neoplasia ≥6 mm were seen in 7.4% of participants, including masses in 0.47%, supporting recommendations for a 5-year study interval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120l, Israel; Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA; MOR Institute for Medical Data, Bnei Brak 51377, Israel.
| | - Amir Kettanie
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Shifra Fraifeld
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120l, Israel
| | - Jacob Bar-Ziv
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120l, Israel; University of Haifa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, Haifa 34988, Israel.
| | - Rafael S Carel
- MOR Institute for Medical Data, Bnei Brak 51377, Israel; University of Haifa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, Haifa 34988, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Standardized recommended techniques for performing and reporting CT colonography (CTC) examinations were developed by a consensus of experts. Published reporting guidelines, known as the CT colonography reporting and data system supplemented by recently updated comprehensive recommendations were incorporated into the American College of Radiology (ACR) practice guidelines. The application of continuous quality improvement to the practice of CT was aided by the development of an ACR national data registry (NRDR) for CTC that addressed both process and outcome quality measures. These measures can be used to benchmark an institution's CTC practice as compared to all participants. This article will discuss the best practices for reporting CTC and describe the use of NRDR to foster quality CTC performance.
Collapse
|
5
|
Obaro AE, Plumb AA, Fanshawe TR, Torres US, Baldwin-Cleland R, Taylor SA, Halligan S, Burling DN. Post-imaging colorectal cancer or interval cancer rates after CT colonography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:326-336. [PMID: 29472116 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(18)30032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CT colonography is highly sensitive for colorectal cancer, but interval or post-imaging colorectal cancer rates (diagnosis of cancer after initial negative CT colonography) are unknown, as are their underlying causes. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of post-CT colonography and post-imaging colorectal cancer rates and causes to address this gap in understanding. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included randomised, cohort, cross-sectional, or case-control studies published between Jan 1, 1994, and Feb 28, 2017, using CT colonography done according to international consensus standards with the aim of detecting cancer or polyps, and reporting post-imaging colorectal cancer rates or sufficient data to allow their calculation. We excluded studies in which all CT colonographies were done because of incomplete colonoscopy or if CT colonography was done with knowledge of colonoscopy findings. We contacted authors of component studies for additional data where necessary for retrospective CT colonography image review and causes for each post-imaging colorectal cancer. Two independent reviewers extracted data from the study reports. Our primary outcome was prevalence of post-imaging colorectal cancer 36 months after CT colonography. We used random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pooled post-imaging colorectal cancer rates, expressed using the total number of cancers and total number of CT colonographies as denominators, and per 1000 person-years. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016042437. FINDINGS 2977 articles were screened and 12 studies were eligible for analysis. These studies reported data for 19 867 patients (aged 18-96 years; of 11 590 with sex data available, 6532 [56%] were female) between March, 2002, and May, 2015. At a mean of 34 months' follow-up (range 3-128·4 months), CT colonography detected 643 colorectal cancers. 29 post-imaging colorectal cancers were subsequently diagnosed. The pooled post-imaging colorectal cancer rate was 4·42 (95% CI 3·03-6·42) per 100 cancers detected, corresponding to 1·61 (1·11-2·33) post-imaging colorectal cancers per 1000 CT colonographies or 0·64 (0·44-0·92) post-imaging colorectal cancers per 1000 person-years. Heterogeneity was low (I2=0%). 17 (61%) of 28 post-imaging colorectal cancers were attributable to perceptual error and were visible in retrospect. INTERPRETATION CT colonography does not lead to an excess of post-test cancers relative to colonoscopy within 3-5 years, and the low 5-year post-imaging colorectal cancer rate confirms that the recommended screening interval of 5 years is safe. Since most post-imaging colorectal cancers arise from perceptual errors, radiologist training and quality assurance could help to reduce post-imaging colorectal cancer rates. FUNDING St Mark's Hospital Foundation and the UK National Institute for Health Research via the UCL/UCLH Biomedical Research Centre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu E Obaro
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK; St Mark's Academic Institute, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Andrew A Plumb
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Thomas R Fanshawe
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Stuart A Taylor
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steve Halligan
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - David N Burling
- St Mark's Academic Institute, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vasan V, Brewington C. The Role of CT Colonography as a Screening Tool for Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-017-0378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Cunningham C, Leong K, Clark S, Plumb A, Taylor S, Geh I, Karandikar S, Moran B. Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain & Ireland (ACPGBI): Guidelines for the Management of Cancer of the Colon, Rectum and Anus (2017) - Diagnosis, Investigations and Screening. Colorectal Dis 2017. [PMID: 28632312 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Leong
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Susan Clark
- Imperial College and St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ian Geh
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Brendan Moran
- Basingstoke & North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Woodbridge L, Wylie P. Current Issues in Computed Tomography Colonography. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2016; 37:331-8. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
10
|
Fuster D, Pagès M, Granados U, Perlaza P, Rubello D, Lomeña F. Update on PET/CT colonography in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2016; 35:246-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
11
|
Fuster D, Pagès M, Granados U, Perlaza P, Rubello D, Lomeña F. Update on PET/CT colonography in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
A thorough and complete colonoscopy is critically important in preventing colorectal cancer. Factors associated with difficult and incomplete colonoscopy include a poor bowel preparation, severe diverticulosis, redundant colon, looping, adhesions, young and female patients, patient discomfort, and the expertise of the endoscopist. For difficult colonoscopy, focusing on bowel preparation techniques, appropriate sedation and adjunct techniques such as water immersion, abdominal pressure techniques, and patient positioning can overcome many of these challenges. Occasionally, these fail and other alternatives to incomplete colonoscopy have to be considered. If patients have low risk of polyps, then noninvasive imaging options such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) colonography can be considered. Novel applications such as Colon Capsule™ and Check-Cap are also emerging. In patients in whom a clinically significant lesion is noted on a noninvasive imaging test or if they are at a higher risk of having polyps, balloon-assisted colonoscopy can be performed with either a single- or double-balloon enteroscope or colonoscope. The application of these techniques enables complete colonoscopic examination in the vast majority of patients.
Collapse
|
13
|
Scalise P, Mantarro A, Pancrazi F, Neri E. Computed tomography colonography for the practicing radiologist: A review of current recommendations on methodology and clinical indications. World J Radiol 2016; 8:472-483. [PMID: 27247713 PMCID: PMC4882404 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v8.i5.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most relevant causes of morbidity and mortality in Western societies. CRC screening is actually based on faecal occult blood testing, and optical colonoscopy still remains the gold standard screening test for cancer detection. However, computed tomography colonography (CT colonography) constitutes a reliable, minimally-invasive method to rapidly and effectively evaluate the entire colon for clinically relevant lesions. Furthermore, even if the benefits of its employment in CRC mass screening have not fully established yet, CT colonography may represent a reasonable alternative screening test in patients who cannot undergo or refuse colonoscopy. Therefore, the purpose of our review is to illustrate the most updated recommendations on methodology and the current clinical indications of CT colonography, according to the data of the existing relevant literature.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Halligan S, Dadswell E, Wooldrage K, Wardle J, von Wagner C, Lilford R, Yao GL, Zhu S, Atkin W. Computed tomographic colonography compared with colonoscopy or barium enema for diagnosis of colorectal cancer in older symptomatic patients: two multicentre randomised trials with economic evaluation (the SIGGAR trials). Health Technol Assess 2015; 19:1-134. [PMID: 26198205 PMCID: PMC4781284 DOI: 10.3310/hta19540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed tomographic colonography (CTC) is a relatively new diagnostic test that may be superior to existing alternatives to investigate the large bowel. OBJECTIVES To compare the diagnostic efficacy, acceptability, safety and cost-effectiveness of CTC with barium enema (BE) or colonoscopy. DESIGN Parallel randomised trials: BE compared with CTC and colonoscopy compared with CTC (randomisation 2 : 1, respectively). SETTING A total of 21 NHS hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged ≥ 55 years with symptoms suggestive of colorectal cancer (CRC). INTERVENTIONS CTC, BE and colonoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES For the trial of CTC compared with BE, the primary outcome was the detection rate of CRC and large polyps (≥ 10 mm), with the proportion of patients referred for additional colonic investigation as a secondary outcome. For the trial of CTC compared with colonoscopy, the primary outcome was the proportion of patients referred for additional colonic investigation, with the detection rate of CRC and large polyps as a secondary outcome. Secondary outcomes for both trials were miss rates for cancer (via registry data), all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, patient acceptability, extracolonic pathology and cost-effectiveness. RESULTS A total of 8484 patients were registered and 5384 were randomised and analysed (BE trial: 2527 BE, 1277 CTC; colonoscopy trial: 1047 colonoscopy, 533 CTC). Detection rates in the BE trial were 7.3% (93/1277) for CTC, compared with 5.6% (141/2527) for BE (p = 0.0390). The difference was due to better detection of large polyps by CTC (3.6% vs. 2.2%; p = 0.0098), with no significant difference for cancer (3.7% vs. 3.4%; p = 0.66). Significantly more patients having CTC underwent additional investigation (23.5% vs. 18.3%; p = 0.0003). At the 3-year follow-up, the miss rate for CRC was 6.7% for CTC (three missed cancers) and 14.1% for BE (12 missed cancers). Significantly more patients randomised to CTC than to colonoscopy underwent additional investigation (30% vs. 8.2%; p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in detection rates for cancer or large polyps (10.7% for CTC vs. 11.4% for colonoscopy; p = 0.69), with no difference when cancers (p = 0.94) and large polyps (p = 0.53) were analysed separately. At the 3-year follow-up, the miss rate for cancer was nil for colonoscopy and 3.4% for CTC (one missed cancer). Adverse events were uncommon for all procedures. In 1042 of 1748 (59.6%) CTC examinations, at least one extracolonic finding was reported, and this proportion increased with age (p < 0.0001). A total of 149 patients (8.5%) were subsequently investigated, and extracolonic neoplasia was diagnosed in 79 patients (4.5%) and malignancy in 29 (1.7%). In the short term, CTC was significantly more acceptable to patients than BE or colonoscopy. Total costs for CTC and colonoscopy were finely balanced, but CTC was associated with higher health-care costs than BE. The cost per large polyp or cancer detected was £4235 (95% confidence interval £395 to £9656). CONCLUSIONS CTC is superior to BE for detection of cancers and large polyps in symptomatic patients. CTC and colonoscopy detect a similar proportion of large polyps and cancers and their costs are also similar. CTC precipitates significantly more additional investigations than either BE or colonoscopy, and evidence-based referral criteria are needed. Further work is recommended to clarify the extent to which patients initially referred for colonoscopy or BE undergo subsequent abdominopelvic imaging, for example by computed tomography, which will have a significant impact on health economic estimates. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN95152621.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Halligan
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edward Dadswell
- Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Wooldrage
- Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Wardle
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christian von Wagner
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Lilford
- School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Population Evidence and Technologies, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - Guiqing L Yao
- School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shihua Zhu
- School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wendy Atkin
- Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Leng S, Hruska CB, McCollough CH. Use of ionizing radiation in screening examinations for coronary artery calcium and cancers of the lung, colon, and breast. Semin Roentgenol 2015; 50:148-60. [PMID: 25770345 DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Leng
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Volumetric analysis of colonic distention according to patient position at CT colonography: diagnostic value of the right lateral decubitus series. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015; 203:W623-8. [PMID: 25415727 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.13.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare total colonic gas volume and segmental luminal distention according to patient position on CT colonography (CTC), as well as to determine which two views should constitute the routine protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Volumetric analysis was retrospectively performed on CTC examinations from 146 adults (mean age, 59.2 years; 81 men and 65 women; mean body mass index [BMI], 30.9) for whom supine, prone, and right lateral decubitus series were sequentially obtained using continuous low-pressure CO2 insufflation. Total colonic gas volumes were assessed using a novel automated volumetric tool. In addition, two radiologists scored distention by segment using a 4-point scale (4=optimal; 3=adequate; 2=inadequate; 1=collapsed). RESULTS Mean (±SD) colonic gas volumes for supine, prone, and decubitus positioning were 1617±567, 1441±505, and 1901±627, respectively (p<0.001). Colonic volume was highest on the right lateral decubitus series in 73.3% (107/146) and lowest in 6.2% (9/146) of cases, whereas the prone series was highest in 0.7% (1/146) and lowest in 73.3% (107/146) of cases. Overall mean segmental reader scores and percentages of inadequate or collapsed for supine, prone, and decubitus positions were 3.48, 3.33, and 3.71 and 10.4%, 12.1%, and 4.2%, respectively (p<0.001). The only mean segmental scores below 3.0 were the sigmoid colon on supine (2.68) and prone (2.58) series, compared with 3.23 on decubitus series (p<0.001). Improvement in distention in both decubitus and supine positions over the prone position increased further with increasing BMI (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The right lateral decubitus position consistently yields the best colonic distention at CTC and significantly improves evaluation of the sigmoid colon. Prone distention was the worst, particularly as BMI increased. Routine supine and decubitus positioning should be considered for standard CTC protocols, particularly in obese individuals. Automated volumetric analysis provides for rapid objective assessment of colonic distention.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goals of this article are to provide an overview of controversial aspects of imaging-based screening and to elucidate potential risks that may offset anticipated benefits. CONCLUSION Current controversial topics associated with imaging-based screening include false-positive results, incidental findings, overdiagnosis, radiation risks, and costs. Alongside the benefits of screening, radiologists should be prepared to discuss these additional diagnostic consequences with providers and patients to better guide shared decision making regarding imaging-based screening.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lui YMM. The Modified Mayo Clinic technique: Emphasis on plausible significant reduction of colon cancer. J Int Med Res 2014; 42:828-36. [PMID: 24781724 DOI: 10.1177/0300060514521152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the ability to detect colonic polyps using a modified Mayo Clinic (MMC) barium enema technique with that of the usual gold standard optical colonoscopy (OC). METHODS Patients considered at an average or increased risk of colorectal cancer were initially screened using the MMC technique. Patients who refused OC, those who had isolated rectal lesions and those with incomplete OC were excluded. Patients with mass lesions in the right colon or left colon were further assessed using OC. RESULTS A total of 142 consecutive patients were examined using the MMC technique. Of these, 18 patients were found to have mass lesions in the right or left colon and were further evaluated using OC. Sensitivity and specificity of the MMC technique for detecting colonic polyps/cancers of ≥ 0.3 cm were 87.5% and 80.0%, respectively. Most significantly, for detecting polyps of ≥ 1.0 cm, the false-negative rate was 0%. CONCLUSIONS The MMC technique may provide an alternative screening method to OC for the detection of colorectal polyps, particularly in countries where resources are scarce.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mitsuzaki K. [For practice a high quality screening CT colonography]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2014; 70:375-381. [PMID: 24759218 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2014_jsrt_70.4.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|
21
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a method of measuring rectal radiation dose in vivo during CT colonography (CTC) and assess the accuracy of size-specific dose estimates (SSDEs) relative to that of in vivo dose measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thermoluminescent dosimeter capsules were attached to a CTC rectal catheter to obtain four measurements of the CT radiation dose in 10 volunteers (five men and five women; age range, 23-87 years; mean age, 70.4 years). A fixed CT technique (supine and prone, 50 mAs and 120 kVp each) was used for CTC. SSDEs and percentile body habitus measurements were based on CT images and directly compared with in vivo dose measurements. RESULTS The mean absorbed doses delivered to the rectum ranged from 8.8 to 23.6 mGy in the 10 patients, whose mean body habitus was in the 27th percentile among American adults 18-64 years old (range, 0.5-67th percentile). The mean SSDE error was 7.2% (range, 0.6-31.4%). CONCLUSION This in vivo radiation dose measurement technique can be applied to patients undergoing CTC. Our measurements indicate that SSDEs are reasonable estimates of the rectal absorbed dose. The data obtained in this pilot study can be used as benchmarks for assessing dose estimates using other indirect methods (e.g., Monte Carlo simulations).
Collapse
|
22
|
Hong N, Park SH. CT colonography in the diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer: Emphasis on pre- and post-surgical evaluation. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2014-2022. [PMID: 24587676 PMCID: PMC3934471 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i8.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article addresses the use of computed tomographic colonography (CTC) for the diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer, focusing on presurgical evaluation of the colon proximal to an occlusive cancer and surveillance after cancer resection surgery. The key evidences accumulated in the literature and future work needed are summarized. CTC is a technically robust and the most practical method to evaluate the colon proximal to an occlusive cancer, which prevents colonoscopic examination past the occlusion, either before or after metallic stent placement. The high sensitivity of CTC for detecting cancers and advanced adenomas in the proximal colon can help prevent additional surgical procedures in patients showing negative results. However, the accuracy of CTC for distinguishing intramural cancers from adenomas is low, and the technique is limited in guiding management when a medium-sized lesion that do not show invasive features such as pericolic extension or nodal metastasis is found in the proximal colon. A maximal diameter ≥ 15 mm has been proposed as a criterion for surgical removal of proximal lesions. However, this needs to be verified in a larger cohort. In addition, the influence of presurgical CTC results on the current post-cancer resection colonic surveillance timeline remains to be determined. CTC can be readily added to the routine abdominopelvic CT in the form of contrast-enhanced CTC, which can serve as an effective stand-alone tool for post-cancer resection surveillance of both the colorectum and extracolonic organs. Although the accuracy of CTC has been demonstrated, its role in the current colonoscopy-based postoperative colonic surveillance protocols remains to be determined. Readers of CTC also need to be knowledgeable on the colonic lesions that are unique to the postoperative colon.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Exploratory Analysis of High CT Scan Utilization in Claims Data. J Am Coll Radiol 2014; 11:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
The Challenges of CT Colonography Reimbursement. J Am Coll Radiol 2013; 10:937-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
26
|
Noncathartic CT colonography: Image quality assessment and performance and in a screening cohort. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 201:787-94. [PMID: 24059367 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.9225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cathartic bowel preparation is a major barrier for colorectal cancer screening. We examined noncathartic CT colonography (CTC) quality and performance using four similar bowel-tagging regimens in an asymptomatic screening cohort. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This prospective study included 564 asymptomatic subjects who underwent noncathartic CTC without dietary modification but with 21 g of barium with or without iodinated oral contrast material (four regimens). The quality of tagging with oral agents was evaluated. A gastrointestinal radiologist evaluated examinations using primary 2D search supplemented by electronic cleansing (EC) and 3D problem solving. Results were compared with complete colonoscopy findings after bowel purgation and with retrospective unblinded evaluation in 556 of the 564 (99%) subjects. RESULTS Of the 556 subjects, 7% (37/556) and 3% (16/556) of patients had 52 and 20 adenomatous polyps ≥ 6 and ≥ 10 mm, respectively. The addition of iodine significantly improved the percentage of labeled stool (p ≤ 0.0002) and specificity (80% vs 89-93%, respectively; p = 0.046). The overall sensitivity of noncathartic CTC for adenomatous polyps ≥ 6 mm was 76% (28/37; 95% CI, 59-88%), which is similar to the sensitivity of the iodinated regimens with most patients (sensitivity: 231 patients, 74% [14/19; 95% CI, 49-91%]; 229 patients, 80% [12/15; 95% CI, 52-96%]). The negative predictive value was 98% (481/490), and the lone cancer was detected (0.2%, 1/556). EC was thought to improve conspicuity of 10 of 21 visible polyps ≥ 10 mm. CONCLUSION In this prospective study of asymptomatic subjects, the per-patient sensitivity of noncathartic CTC for detecting adenomas ≥ 6 mm was approximately 76%. Inclusion of oral iodine contrast material improves examination specificity and the percentage of labeled stool. EC may improve polyp conspicuity.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) denied coverage for screening computed tomography colonography (CTC) in March 2009, little is understood about whether CTC was targeted to the appropriate patient population prior to this decision. OBJECTIVE Evaluate patient characteristics and known relative clinical indications for screening CTC among patients who received CTC compared to optical colonoscopy (OC). DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study of all 10,538 asymptomatic Medicare beneficiaries who underwent CTC between January 2007 and December 2008, compared to a cohort of 160,113 asymptomatic beneficiaries who underwent OC, matched on county of residence and year of examination. MAIN MEASURES Patient characteristics and known relative appropriate and inappropriate clinical indications for screening CTC. KEY RESULTS CTC utilization was higher among women, patients > 65 years of age, white patients, and those with household income > 75 % (p = 0.001). Patients with relatively appropriate clinical indications for screening CTC were more likely to undergo CTC than OC including presumed incomplete OC (OR 80.7, 95 % CI 76.01-85.63); sedation risk (OR 1.11, 95 % CI 1.05-1.17); and chronic anticoagulation risk (OR 1.46, 95 % CI 1.38-1.54), after adjusting for patient characteristics and known clinical indications. Conversely, patients undergoing high-risk screening, an inappropriate indication, were less likely to receive CTC (OR 0.4, 95 % CI 0.37-0.42). Overall, 83 % of asymptomatic patients referred to CTC had at least one clinical indication relatively appropriate for CTC (8,772/10,538). CONCLUSION During the 2 years preceding CMS denial for screening, CTC was targeted to asymptomatic patients with relatively appropriate clinical indications for CTC/not receiving OC. However, CTC utilization was lower among certain demographic groups, including minority patients. These findings raise the possibility that future coverage of screening CTC might exacerbate disparities in colorectal cancer screening while increasing overall screening rates.
Collapse
|
28
|
Robbins JB, Kim DH. Computed tomographic colonography: evidence and techniques for screening. Semin Roentgenol 2013; 48:264-72. [PMID: 23796377 DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Robbins
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53729, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
BMI-based radiation dose reduction in CT colonography. Acad Radiol 2013; 20:486-92. [PMID: 23498991 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES There is potential for x-ray dose reduction in computed tomography colonography (CTC) relative to body mass index (BMI). We evaluated the association between BMI and three-dimensional (3D) CTC image quality to assess the potential utility of BMI as the basis for radiation dose reduction in CTC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-six consecutive patients underwent CTC and were randomized for scanning at 15 or 30 mAs. Extremely obese patients (BMI > 50) were excluded. Each patient was scanned supine and prone on a multidetector CT scanner. Postprocessing CTC visualization was performed on a dedicated workstation. Three independent observers assessed 3D image quality using a four-point scale. Image noise was measured in both the abdomen and pelvis. The association between BMI and image noise was examined using random-effects linear regression models. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between BMI, mAs, and conspicuity scores. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in image noise were observed between 15 and 30 mAs in both the abdomen and pelvis, and the difference was greater with increasing BMI. A positive relationship was detected between BMI and noise in the abdomen (P < .001) and pelvis (P < .001). Inverse correlation was identified between BMI and conspicuity scores in the abdomen (P = .01) and pelvis (P < .001). Overall conspicuity scores were reduced for both 15 and 30 mAs groups as BMI increased. CONCLUSION The radiation dose for CTC can be reduced by 40% and 70% below commonly employed doses for overweight and normal BMI patients, respectively, by using a BMI-adjusted dose reduction approach. Conspicuity scores dropped in obese patients with reduced dose suggesting that standard accepted doses should be utilized in that group.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ganeshan D, Elsayes KM, Vining D. Virtual colonoscopy: Utility, impact and overview. World J Radiol 2013; 5:61-7. [PMID: 23671742 PMCID: PMC3650206 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v5.i3.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) colonoscopy is a well-established technique for evaluation of colorectal cancer. Significant advances have been made in the technique of CT colonoscopy since its inception. Excellent results can be achieved in detecting both colorectal cancer and significant sized polyps as long as a meticulous technique is adopted while performing CT colonoscopy. Furthermore, it is important to realize that there is a learning curve involved in interpreting these studies and adequate experience is essential to achieve high sensitivity and specificity with this technique. Indications, contraindications, technique and interpretation, including potential pitfalls in CT colonoscopy imaging, are reviewed in this article. Recent advances and the current role of CT colonoscopy in colorectal cancer screening are also discussed.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The first evidence that screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) could effectively reduce mortality dates back 20 years. However, actual population screening has, in many countries, halted at the level of individual testing and discussions on differences between screening tests. With a wealth of new evidence from various community-based studies looking at test uptake, screening-programme organization and the importance of quality assurance, population screening for CRC is now moving into a new realm, promising better results in terms of reducing CRC-specific morbidity and mortality. Such a shift in the paradigm requires a change from opportunistic, individual testing towards organized population screening with comprehensive monitoring and full-programme quality assurance. To achieve this, a combination of factors--including test characteristics, uptake, screenee autonomy, costs and capacity--must be considered. Thus, evidence from randomized trials comparing different tests must be supplemented by studies of acceptance and uptake to obtain the full picture of the effectiveness (in terms of morbidity, mortality and cost) the different strategies have. In this Review, we discuss a range of screening modalities and describe the factors to be considered to achieve a truly effective population CRC screening programme.
Collapse
|
32
|
Screening computed tomography colonography with 256-slice scanning: should patient radiation burden and associated cancer risk constitute a major concern? Invest Radiol 2012; 47:451-6. [PMID: 22766908 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e318250a58c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the radiation burden and the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of radiation-induced cancer in patients undergoing screening 256-slice computed tomography colonography (CTC) and compare CTC-related radiogenic risks to corresponding nominal lifetime intrinsic risk of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Monte Carlo simulation software dedicated for computed tomography (CT) dosimetry was used to determine absorbed doses to primarily exposed radiosensitive organs of 31 women and 29 men subjected to screening CTC on a 256-slice CT scanner. Effective dose was estimated from (a) organ dose data and (b) dose-length product. Organ-specific and total LARs of cancer were estimated using published risk factors. Cumulative LARs from repeated CTC studies on individuals participating in a colorectal cancer screening program were compared with corresponding lifetime intrinsic risks. RESULTS The mean organ dose-derived effective dose was estimated to be 2.92 and 2.61 mSv for female and male individuals, respectively. The dose-length product method was found to overestimate effective dose from CTC by 26% and 13% in female and male individuals, respectively. Compared with previously published results for 64-slice CT scanners, 256-slice CTC was found to be associated with up to 45% less radiation burden. The cumulative LAR of radiation-induced cancer from repeated quinquennial screening CTC studies between the ages of 50 and 80 years was estimated to increase the lifetime intrinsic risk of cancer by less than 0.2%. CONCLUSION The level of patient radiation burden and theoretical radiogenic cancer risks associated with screening CTC performed using modern low-dose protocols and techniques may not justify disapproval of CTC as a mass screening tool.
Collapse
|
33
|
The second ESGAR consensus statement on CT colonography. Eur Radiol 2012; 23:720-9. [PMID: 22983280 PMCID: PMC3563960 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-012-2632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective To update quality standards for CT colonography based on consensus among opinion leaders within the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR). Material and methods A multinational European panel of nine members of the ESGAR CT colonography Working Group (representing six EU countries) used a modified Delphi process to rate their level of agreement on a variety of statements pertaining to the acquisition, interpretation and implementation of CT colonography. Four Delphi rounds were conducted, each at 2 months interval. Results The panel elaborated 86 statements. In the final round the panelists achieved complete consensus in 71 of 86 statements (82 %). Categories including the highest proportion of statements with excellent Cronbach's internal reliability were colon distension, scan parameters, use of intravenous contrast agents, general guidelines on patient preparation, role of CAD and lesion measurement. Lower internal reliability was achieved for the use of a rectal tube, spasmolytics, decubitus positioning and number of CT data acquisitions, faecal tagging, 2D vs. 3D reading, and reporting. Conclusion The recommendations of the consensus should be useful for both the radiologist who is starting a CTC service and for those who have already implemented the technique but whose practice may need updating. Key Points • Computed tomographic colonography is the optimal radiological method of assessing the colon • This article reviews ESGAR quality standards for CT colonography • This article is aimed to provide CT-colonography guidelines for practising radiologists • The recommendations should help radiologists who are starting/updating their CTC services
Collapse
|
34
|
Sakamoto T, Mitsuzaki K, Utsunomiya D, Matsuda K, Yamamura S, Urata J, Kawakami M, Yamashita Y. Detection of flat colorectal polyps at screening CT colonography in comparison with conventional polypoid lesions. Acta Radiol 2012; 53:714-9. [PMID: 22821957 DOI: 10.1258/ar.2012.110685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the screening of small, flat polyps is clinically important, the role of CT colonography (CTC) screening in their detection has not been thoroughly investigated. PURPOSE To evaluate the detection capability and usefulness of CTC in the screening of flat and polypoid lesions by comparing CTC with optic colonoscopy findings as the gold standard. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated the CTC detection capability for flat colorectal polyps with a flat surface and a height not exceeding 3 mm (n = 42) by comparing to conventional polypoid lesions (n = 418) according to the polyp diameter. Four types of reconstruction images including multiplanar reconstruction, volume rendering, virtual gross pathology, and virtual endoscopic images were used for visual analysis. We compared the abilities of the four reconstructions for polyp visualization. RESULTS Detection sensitivity for flat polyps was 31.3%, 44.4%, and 87.5% for lesions measuring 2-3 mm, 4-5 mm, and ≥6 mm, respectively; the corresponding sensitivity for polypoid lesions was 47.6%, 79.0%, and 91.7%. The overall sensitivity for flat lesions (47.6%) was significantly lower than polypoid lesions (64.1%). Virtual endoscopic imaging showed best visualization among the four reconstructions. Colon cancers were detected in eight patients by optic colonoscopy, and CTC detected colon cancers in all eight patients. CONCLUSION CTC using 64-row multidetector CT is useful for colon cancer screening to detect colorectal polyps while the detection of small, flat lesions is still challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daisuke Utsunomiya
- Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Sadahiro Yamamura
- Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Joji Urata
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital
| | | | - Yasuyuki Yamashita
- Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vicari JJ. The future value of ambulatory endoscopy centers in the United States: challenges and opportunities. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76:400-5. [PMID: 22695206 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Vicari
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, Illinois 61107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee BI, Hong SP, Kim SE, Kim SH, Kim HS, Hong SN, Yang DH, Shin SJ, Lee SH, Kim YH, Park DI, Kim HJ, Yang SK, Kim HJ, Jeon HJ. [Korean guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and polyp detection]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2012; 59:65-84. [PMID: 22387833 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2012.59.2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in males and the fourth most common in females in Korea. Since the most of colorectal cancer occur through the prolonged transformation of adenomas into carcinomas, early detection and removal of colorectal adenomas are one of the most effective methods to prevent colorectal cancer. Considering the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer and polyps in Korea, it is very important to establish Korean guideline for colorectal cancer screening and polyp detection. Korean Multi-Society Take Force developed the guidelines with evidence-based methods. Parts of the statements drawn by systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Herein we discussed the epidemiology of colorectal cancers and adenomas in Korea, optimal screening methods for colorectal cancer, and detection for adenomas including fecal occult blood tests, radiologic tests, and endoscopic examinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo In Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee BI, Hong SP, Kim SE, Kim SH, Kim HS, Hong SN, Yang DH, Shin SJ, Lee SH, Park DI, Kim YH, Kim HJ, Yang SK, Kim HJ, Jeon HJ. Korean guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and polyp detection. Clin Endosc 2012; 45:25-43. [PMID: 22741131 PMCID: PMC3363119 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2012.45.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Now colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in males and the fourth most common cancer in females in Korea. Since most of colorectal cancers occur after the prolonged transformation of adenomas into carcinomas, early detection and removal of colorectal adenomas are one of the most effective methods to prevent colorectal cancer. Considering the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer and polyps in Korea, it is very important to establish Korean guideline for colorectal cancer screening and polyp detection. The guideline was developed by the Korean Multi-Society Take Force and we tried to establish the guideline by evidence-based methods. Parts of the statements were draw by systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Herein we discussed epidemiology of colorectal cancers and adenomas in Korea and optimal methods for screening of colorectal cancer and detection of adenomas including fecal occult blood tests, radiologic tests, and endoscopic examinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-In Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
da Fonte AC, Chojniak R, Ferreira FDO, Pinto PNV, Neto PJDS, Bitencourt AGV. Inclusion of computed tomographic colonography on pre-operative CT for patients with colorectal cancer. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81:e298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
39
|
Lee BI, Hong SP, Kim SE, Kim SH, Kim HS, Hong SN, Yang DH, Shin SJ, Lee SH, Kim YH, Park DI, Kim HJ, Yang SK, Kim HJ, Jeon HJ. Korean Guidelines for Colorectal Cancer Screening and Polyp Detection. Intest Res 2012. [DOI: 10.5217/ir.2012.10.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo In Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Pil Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Suck-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Il Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyunghee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Jeon
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cash BD, Rockey DC, Brill JV. AGA standards for gastroenterologists for performing and interpreting diagnostic computed tomography colonography: 2011 update. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:2240-66. [PMID: 22098711 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooks D Cash
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Boone D, Halligan S, Taylor SA. Evidence review and status update on computed tomography colonography. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2011; 13:486-494. [PMID: 21773705 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-011-0217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomographic (CT) colonography is being implemented increasingly in the USA and Europe, and in many centers it has become the radiological technique of choice for imaging the whole colorectum. Although high diagnostic accuracy has been demonstrated in both screening and symptomatic populations, controversy persists regarding implementation, who should interpret the examination, and its cost effectiveness, particularly in the context of primary colorectal cancer screening. Published research in recent years has demonstrated efficacy in a wide range of patient groups, striking technical improvements, and high levels of patient acceptability. New developments continue in the fields of computer aided detection, digital cleansing, and integration into positron emission tomography. The purpose of this review is to bring the reader up-to-date with the latest developments in CT colonography, in particular, those of the last year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Boone
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College Hospital, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Duszak R, Kim DH, Pickhardt PJ. Expanding utilization and regional coverage of diagnostic CT colonography: early Medicare claims experience. J Am Coll Radiol 2011; 8:235-41. [PMID: 21458761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess national and regional trends in utilization and Medicare coverage of diagnostic CT colonography (CTC). METHODS Medicare claims for diagnostic CTC were identified for the first 4 complete years for which Current Procedural Terminology® tracking codes existed (2005-2008). The frequencies of billed and denied services were extracted on a national and regional basis, along with physician provider specialty and site of service. RESULTS Total annual claims for diagnostic CTC for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries increased from 3,660 to 10,802 (+195%) between 2005 and 2008. Overall, 50.1% (14,051 of 28,048) of all claims were denied, with annual national denial rate decreasing from 70.0% to 43.4% (2,562 of 3,660 to 4,692 of 10,802, P < .001). Annual regional denial rates ranged from 16.5% to 98.3%. Of all 28,048 CTC claims, 25,893 (92.3%) were submitted by radiologists, 286 (1.0%) by gastroenterologists, and 369 (1.3%) by other specialists (specialties were indeterminate for 1,550). Most services were performed in office (n = 13,764 [49.1%]) and outpatient hospital (n = 12,110 [43.2%]) settings, with only a small number in the inpatient hospital (n = 1,768 [6.3%]) and other miscellaneous (n = 406 [1.4%]) settings. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic CTC is performed predominantly by radiologists in private office and outpatient hospital settings. Since the advent of Current Procedural Terminology tracking codes, the utilization of diagnostic CTC by Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries has tripled. Despite perceptions that new technology tracking codes are not payable, more than half of all examinations are now reimbursed by Medicare. Coverage varies regionally but overall is improving annually, setting the stage for expanded patient access.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Duszak
- Mid-South Imaging and Therapeutics, Memphis, Tennessee 38120, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Almond LM, Bowley DM, Karandikar SS, Roy-Choudhury SH. Role of CT colonography in symptomatic assessment, surveillance and screening. Int J Colorectal Dis 2011; 26:959-66. [PMID: 21424390 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-011-1178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When 'whole colonic imaging' is indicated, clinicians must decide between optical colonoscopy, barium enema and CT colonography (CTC). CTC is a relatively new technique which has become increasingly accessible in the UK over the past 5 years. As radiologists have gained experience and scanning parameters have standardised, there have been substantial improvements in both the accuracy and safety of CTC. METHODS We review evidence from observational studies and randomised trials, and draw on expert opinion, to provide a comprehensive discussion of the current role of CTC in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. CONCLUSIONS The emergence of CTC could soon entirely obviate the need for barium enema. CTC now has a complementary role alongside colonoscopy in symptomatic patients and a possible future role in colorectal cancer screening in the UK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Maximilian Almond
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pagés Llinás M, Darnell Martín A, Ayuso Colella J. CT colonography: What radiologists need to know. RADIOLOGIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
45
|
Pagés Llinás M, Darnell Martín A, Ayuso Colella JR. [CT colonography: what radiologists need to know]. RADIOLOGIA 2011; 53:315-25. [PMID: 21696795 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2008, CT colonography was approved by the American Cancer Society as a technique for screening for colorectal cancer. This approval should be considered an important step in the recognition of the technique, which although still relatively new is already changing some diagnostic algorithms. This update about CT colonography reports the quality parameters necessary for a CT colonographic study to be diagnostic and reviews the technical innovations and colonic preparation for the study. We provide a brief review of the signs and close with a discussion of the current indications for and controversies about the technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pagés Llinás
- Centro de Diagnóstico por la Imagen, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Should Small Sliding Hiatal Hernias Be Reported at CT Colonography? AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196:W400-4. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.10.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
47
|
Lubner MG, Pickhardt PJ, Tang J, Chen GH. Reduced image noise at low-dose multidetector CT of the abdomen with prior image constrained compressed sensing algorithm. Radiology 2011; 260:248-56. [PMID: 21436086 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) on noise reduction and image quality at low-dose computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This HIPAA-compliant institutional review board-approved retrospective study was performed by using DICOM CT colonography data sets obtained in 20 adult patients. Informed consent was waived. Low-dose CT colonography was performed with 64-detector CT by using the standard protocol with mean effective dose per series of 3.06 mSv (range, 1.4-7.7 mSv). PICCS was applied to standard filtered back-projection (FBP) series. For FBP and PICCS series, mean and standard deviation (SD) of attenuation were obtained with 100-mm(2) circular region of interest (ROI) at six sites (240 soft-tissue, colonic gas, and subcutaneous fat measurements). Two abdominal radiologists reviewed two- and three-dimensional CT colonography displays and graded image quality with a five-point scale. Phantom studies were performed to compare spatial resolution and image quality between FBP and PICCS. Mean image noise and image quality scores were calculated and compared for clinical and phantom data sets. Bland-Altman, generalized estimating equation regression model, and Student t tests were used to obtain limits of agreement and to compare noise ratios and subjective image quality. RESULTS Mean SD of attenuation (image noise) for ROIs was 38.0 for FBP and 12.2 for PICCS, corresponding to a noise-reduction factor of 3.1 (P < .001). Average noise reduction was 3.3 for soft tissue, 2.8 for air, and 3.0 for fat attenuation. Attenuation did not substantially change between FBP and PICCS images. Average two-dimensional image quality was 2.45 for FBP and 3.4 for PICCS (P < .001). Average three-dimensional image quality at three sites in the colon was 3.5 for FBP and 3.7 for PICCS (P = .34). Phantom data sets revealed no loss of spatial resolution in a line phantom and reduced noise in a liver tumor phantom when PICCS was compared with FBP. CONCLUSION Application of PICCS to standard FBP low-dose multidetector CT abdominal images results in substantial noise reduction and improved image quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan G Lubner
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, E3/31 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
A simplified approach to virtual colonoscopy using different intestinal preparations: preliminary experience with regard to quality, accuracy and patient acceptability. Radiol Med 2011; 116:749-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s11547-011-0661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
49
|
Liedenbaum MH, Bipat S, Bossuyt PMM, Dwarkasing RS, de Haan MC, Jansen RJ, Kauffman D, van der Leij C, de Lijster MS, Lute CC, van der Paardt MP, Thomeer MG, Zijlstra IA, Stoker J. Evaluation of a standardized CT colonography training program for novice readers. Radiology 2010; 258:477-87. [PMID: 21177395 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine how many computed tomographic (CT) colonography training studies have to be evaluated by novice readers to obtain an adequate level of competence in polyp detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Six physicians (one radiologist, three radiology residents, two researchers) and three technicians completed a CT colonography training program. Two hundred CT colonographic examinations with colonoscopic verification were selected from a research database, with 100 CT colonographic examinations with at least one polyp 6 mm or larger. After a lecture session and short individual hands-on training, CT colonography training was done individually with immediate feedback of colonoscopy outcome. Per-polyp sensitivity was calculated for four sets of 50 CT colonographic examinations for lesions 6 mm or larger. By using logistic regression analyses, the number of CT colonographic examinations to reach 90% sensitivity for lesions 6 mm or larger was estimated. Reading times were registered. RESULTS The average per-polyp sensitivity for lesions 6 mm or larger was 76% (207 of 270) in the first set of 50 CT colonographic examinations, 77% (262 of 342) in the second (P = .96 vs first set), 80% (310 of 387) in the third (P = .67 vs first set), and 91% (261 of 288) in the fourth (P = .018). The estimated number of CT colonographic examinations for a sufficient sensitivity was 164. Six of nine readers reached this level of competence within 175 CT colonographic examinations. Reading times decreased significantly from the first to the second set of 50 CT colonographic examinations for six readers. CONCLUSION Novice CT colonography readers obtained sensitivity equal to that of experienced readers after practicing on average 164 CT colonographic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein H Liedenbaum
- Department of Radiology and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Computed tomographic (CT) colonography is a noninvasive method to evaluate the colon and has received considerable attention in the last decade as a colon-imaging tool. The technique has also been proposed as a potential primary colon cancer-screening method in the United States. The accuracy of the technique for the detection of large lesions seems to be high, perhaps in the range of colonoscopy. Overall, the field is rapidly evolving. Available data suggest that CT colonography, although a viable colon cancer screening modality in the United States, is not ready for widespread implementation, largely because of the lack of standards for training and reading and the limited number of skilled readers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don C Rockey
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8887, USA.
| |
Collapse
|