1
|
Yan SS, Xu Q, Han BX, Ni JJ, Wei XT, Feng GJ, Zhang H, Zhang YJ, Zhang L, Yu WY, Pei YF. Mendelian randomization analysis identified causal Association of Childhood Obesity with adult major depressive disorder. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12960. [PMID: 35869568 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is associated with adult major depressive disorder (MDD), but their causality is not clear. METHODS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causality of childhood body mass index (BMI) and childhood obesity on MDD, followed by a multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis to investigate the potential role of adult BMI in mediating such effect. We accessed genome-wide association summary statistics of childhood BMI, childhood obesity, adult BMI and adult MDD from the Early Growth Genetics consortium (nBMI = 47 541, nobesity = 24 160), the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits consortium (nadult_BMI = ∼700 000) and the Psychiatric Genomics consortium (nMDD = 500 199), respectively. The MR-PRESSO test was performed to remove SNPs with potential pleiotropic effect. The MR analysis was performed by inverse-variance weighted test. Further sensitivity analyses, including the MR-Egger intercept test and leave-one-out analysis, were performed to evaluate the reliability of the results. RESULTS Our study found that childhood obesity might increase the odds of developing MDD in adults (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, p = 2.6 × 10-3 ). Children with higher BMI were more likely to develop MDD in adulthood, with an OR of 1.12 per standard deviation score (SDS) increase in BMI (95% CI: 1.07-1.17, p = 4.4 × 10-7 ). Sensitivity analyses verified the reliability of the causality between childhood BMI/obesity and MDD. Further MVMR results revealed that the impact of childhood BMI on MDD risk was predominantly mediated by adult BMI. CONCLUSION Our findings provided evidence of a causal relationship between childhood BMI/obesity and adult MDD, thus providing new insights into the prevention of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China
| | - Bai-Xue Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China.,Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China
| | - Xin-Tong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China
| | - Gui-Juan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China.,Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China
| | - You-Jie Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China.,Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China
| | - Yu-Fang Pei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou City, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A study combining whole-exome sequencing and structural neuroimaging analysis for major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 262:31-39. [PMID: 31706157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variations associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) may affect the structural aspects of neural networks mediated by the molecular pathways involved in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. However, few studies have applied a novel approach such as whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis to investigate the genetic contribution to the neurostructural changes in MDD. METHODS In the first part of the study, we investigated rare variants of selected genes from previous WES studies using a WES analysis in 184 patients with MDD and 82 healthy controls. In the second part of the study, we explored the association between the common genetic variants from the WES analysis and cortical thickness in 91 patients with MDD and 75 healthy controls. The gray-matter thickness of each cortical region was measured using FreeSurfer. RESULTS We identified recurrent non-silent variants in 24 MDD-related genes including FASN, MYH13, UNC13D, LILRA1, CACNA1B, TRIO, HOMER3, and BCAR3, and observed eleven recurrently altered copy number alternations where a gain on 15q11.2 and losses on 7q34 and 15q11.1-q11.2 in MDD genomes. We also found that rs11592462 in CDH23, a calcium-dependent cell-adhesion molecule encoding gene, was significantly associated with thinning in the right anterior cingulate cortex. LIMITATION The small sample size may lead our findings to be underpowered regarding rare variants. CONCLUSION The present study identified that non-synonymous rare variants were significantly associated with risk of MDD and found that genetic contributions to the development of MDD may be mediated by alterations in cortical thickness of emotion-processing neural circuits.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bleys D, Luyten P, Soenens B, Claes S. Gene-environment interactions between stress and 5-HTTLPR in depression: A meta-analytic update. J Affect Disord 2018; 226:339-345. [PMID: 29031184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses have yielded contradictory findings concerning the role of 5-HTTLPR in interaction with stress (GxE) in depression. The current meta-analysis investigates if these contradictory findings are a result of differences between studies in methodological approaches towards the assessment of stress and depression. METHODS After performing a systematic database search (February to December 2016), first, a meta-analysis was used to investigate the total effect size and publication bias. Second, stratified meta-analyses were used to investigate the potential moderating influence of different methodological approaches on heterogeneity of study findings. Third, a meta-regression was used to investigate the combined influence of the methodological approaches on the overall effect size. RESULTS Results showed a small but significant effect of 5-HTTLPR in interaction with stress in the prediction of depression (OR[95%CI] = 1.18[1.09; 1.28], n = 48 effect sizes from 51 studies, totaling 51,449 participants). There was no evidence of publication bias. Heterogeneity of effect sizes was a result of outliers and not due to different methodological approaches towards the assessment of stress and depression. Yet, there was some evidence that studies adopting a categorical and interview approach to the assessment of stress report higher GxE effects, but further replication of this finding is needed. LIMITATIONS A large amount of heterogeneity (i.e., 46%) was not explained by the methodological factors included in the study and there was a low response rate of invited studies. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis provides new evidence for the robustness of the interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bleys
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Luyten
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Soenens
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- KU Leuven, Research Group Psychiatry, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hooten WM, Townsend CO, Sletten CD. The triallelic serotonin transporter gene polymorphism is associated with depressive symptoms in adults with chronic pain. J Pain Res 2017; 10:1071-1078. [PMID: 28533695 PMCID: PMC5431744 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s134231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonin (5-HT) transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) moderates the relationship between stressful life events and depression. Given the high prevalence of depression in chronic pain, the primary aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the associations between the 5-HTTLPR and the severity of depressive symptoms in a cohort of adults with chronic pain. METHODS Adults with chronic pain who were consecutively admitted to an outpatient pain rehabilitation program and met inclusion criteria were recruited for study participation (n=277). Individuals were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR (including rs25531) and categorized as high, intermediate, or low expressors of the 5-HT transporter. The severity of depressive symptoms at admission was measured by using the Center for Epidemiologic Depression scale (CES-D). RESULTS The distribution of the high-, intermediate-, and low-expressing genotypes was 61 (22%), 149 (54%), and 67 (24%), respectively. The Hardy-Weinberg P-value was 0.204, which indicated no departure from equilibrium. A main effect of 5-HTTLPR was observed for depressive symptoms (P=0.040) where Center for Epidemiologic Depression scale (CES-D) scores were significantly greater in the low-expressing group compared to the high- (P=0.019) and intermediate (P=0.029)-expressing groups. In multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, pain severity, pain catastrophizing, and pain anxiety, greater CES-D scores were significantly associated with the 5-HTTLPR low-expressing group compared to the high-expressing group (P=0.023), but not for the low-expressing group compared to the intermediate-expressing group (P=0.056). CONCLUSION These preliminary findings suggest that the triallelic 5-HTTLPR could influence the severity of depressive symptoms in adults with chronic pain. Individuals with chronic pain may be particularly vulnerable to the moderating effects of 5-HTTLPR due to high levels of pain-related stress that are inherently present in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Michael Hooten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN
| | - Cynthia O Townsend
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lotrich FE, Sears B, McNamara RK. Polyunsaturated fatty acids moderate the effect of poor sleep on depression risk. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 106:19-25. [PMID: 26598106 PMCID: PMC4775327 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although potentially modifiable risk factors for interferon-alpha (IFN-α)-associated depression (IFN-MDD) have been identified, it is not currently known how they interact to confer risk. In the present study we prospectively investigated interactions among poor sleep quality, high-stress, pre-existing depressive symptoms, and polyunsaturated fatty acid status. Non-depressed hepatitis C patients (n=104) were followed prospectively during IFN-α therapy. IFN-MDD occurs in 20-40% of patients and was diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview of DSM-IV (SCID-IV), with incidence examined using Cox regression. Baseline Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and a range of plasma long-chain fatty acid levels were measured (gas chromatography) - focusing on the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (AA/EPA+DHA). The AA/EPA+DHA ratio (Β=0.40 ± 0.16; p=0.006), PSQI (Β=0.12 ± 0.04; p=0.001), PSS (Β=0.07 ± 0.02; p<0.001), and baseline BDI (Β=0.05 ± 0.02; p<0.001) each individually predicted IFN-MDD incidence. In step-wise Cox regression eliminating non-significant variables, two interactions remained significantly predictive: PSQI*AA/EPA+DHA (p=0.008) and PSS*AA/EPA+DHA (p=0.01). Receiver Operator Curves (ROC) were used to examine the specificity and sensitivity of IFN-MDD prediction. When sleep was normal (PSQI<5), AA/EPA+DHA was strongly predictive of IFN-MDD (AUC=91 ± 6; p=0.002). For example, among those with AA/EPA+DHA less than the median (4.15), none with PSQI<5 developed depression. Conversely, neither PSS nor PSQI was statistically associated with depression risk in those with an elevated AA/EPA+DHA ratio. These data demonstrate that the AA/EPA+DHA ratio moderates the effect of poor sleep on risk for developing IFN-MDD and may have broader implications for predicting and preventing MDD associated with inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis E Lotrich
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Barry Sears
- Inflammation Research Foundation, Marblehead, MA, United States
| | - Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharpley CF, Palanisamy SKA, Glyde NS, Dillingham PW, Agnew LL. An update on the interaction between the serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR), stress and depression, plus an exploration of non-confirming findings. Behav Brain Res 2014; 273:89-105. [PMID: 25078292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the three years since the most recent meta-analysis of the association between the serotonin transported promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR), stress and the development of depression, another 27 studies have been published on this issue, which is an increase of 50% more studies than were previously reviewed. In addition, previous findings of inconsistency of results across studies argued for further exploration of this relationship. From the 81 studies identified to June 2013, the significant relationship between the short form of the 5-HTTLPR was confirmed (p=.0000009), which is stronger than the relationship reported in the most recent meta-analysis in 2011. However, nearly 26% of the 81 studies reviewed failed to show any significant association between the 5-HTTLPR, stress and depression, and four studies found opposite results to those expected. Examination of the methodologies of all studies failed to indicate any flaws in the opposite or unequivocal studies, and the latter had larger sample sizes than those studies which supported the expected association, arguing that the null results were not an outcome of insufficient statistical power. The need to consider aspects of samples and measures of depression, particularly the presence of subtypes of depression in future research is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Sharpley
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; Centre for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia.
| | - Suresh K A Palanisamy
- Collaborative Network Research, Mental Health and Well-being in Rural and Regional Communities & Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicarla S Glyde
- School of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter W Dillingham
- School of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Linda L Agnew
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|