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Chakrabarti S. Bipolar disorder in the International Classification of Diseases-Eleventh version: A review of the changes, their basis, and usefulness. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:1335-1355. [PMID: 36579354 PMCID: PMC9791613 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i12.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization’s 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) including the chapter on mental disorders has come into effect this year. This review focuses on the “Bipolar or Related Disorders” section of the ICD-11 draft. It describes the benchmarks for the new version, particularly the foremost principle of clinical utility. The alterations made to the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) are evaluated on their scientific basis and clinical utility. The change in the diagnostic requirements for manic and hypomanic episodes has been much debated. Whether the current criteria have achieved an optimum balance between sensitivity and specificity is still not clear. The ICD-11 definition of depressive episodes is substantially different, but the lack of empirical support for the changes has meant that the reliability and utility of bipolar depression are relatively low. Unlike the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), the ICD-11 has retained the category of mixed episodes. Although the concept of mixed episodes in the ICD-11 is not perfect, it appears to be more inclusive than the DSM-5 approach. Additionally, there are some uncertainties about the guidelines for the subtypes of BD and cyclothymic disorder. The initial results on the reliability and clinical utility of BD are promising, but the newly created diagnostic categories also appear to have some limitations. Although further improvement and research are needed, the focus should now be on facing the challenges of implementation, dissemination, and education and training in the use of these guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subho Chakrabarti
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, UT, India
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2
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Polak M, Nowicki GJ, Naylor K, Piekarski R, Ślusarska B. The Prevalence of Depression Symptoms and Their Socioeconomic and Health Predictors in a Local Community with a High Deprivation: A Cross-Sectional Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811797. [PMID: 36142069 PMCID: PMC9517619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a heterogeneous and etiologically complex psychiatric syndrome thatshows a strong sexual dimorphism and often impacts people with a low socioeconomic status (SES). The aim of the study was to estimate the occurrence of depression symptoms in a local community with a high deprivation rate, the example being the inhabitants of the JanówLubelski County in eastern Poland. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 3752 people aged between 35 and 64. The prevalence of depression symptoms was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. In the screening for depression symptoms in the entire population we studied, the risk of depression symptoms was 16.1% (n = 605), with women having a significantly higher mean score than men (p < 0.001). Significant predictors associated with the achievement of 10 points and more in the PHQ-9 assessment in the case of women and men were: living alone, education and having comorbidities. Moreover, female participants living in rural areas were significantly more likely to exhibit depression symptoms, whereas smoking was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms in men. It was observed that in the case of obese women, the chance of being in the higher category of the PHQ-9 assessment was 1.41 times higher than in women with normal body weight. However, in the case of men, an increase in age by one year increased the chance of being in a higher category by 1.02 times. Moreover, the odds of falling into a higher category, as assessed by the PHQ-9 questionnaire, among men who drink alcohol more than once a week was 1.7 times higher than in men who do not drink or consume alcohol occasionally. Summarising the results of studies conducted in a local community characterised by a high deprivation rate, socioeconomic and health variables related to SES significantly impacted the incidence of depression, but they differ in terms of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Polak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8 Str., PL-31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Józef Nowicki
- Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Naylor
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4 Str., PL-20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Piekarski
- Diabetology with Endocrine—Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6 Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Ślusarska
- Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland
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3
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Ge F, Huo Z, Wen Y. Incidence trends of major depressive disorder in 204 countries and territories between 1993 and 2017. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:241-243. [PMID: 34619450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Zhenyu Huo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yaokai Wen
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
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4
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Arias-de la Torre J, Vilagut G, Serrano-Blanco A, Martín V, Molina AJ, Valderas JM, Alonso J. Accuracy of Self-Reported Items for the Screening of Depression in the General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217955. [PMID: 33138196 PMCID: PMC7662518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though self-reported items (SRD, self-reported depression) are commonly used in health surveys and cohort studies, their metric properties as a depression indicator remain unclear. The aims were to evaluate the measurement properties of SRD using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) as reference and to identify factors related to the agreement between both indicators. METHODS Data from the European Health Interview Survey in Spain in 2014/2015 (n = 22,065) were analyzed. Two indicators of depression were considered: SRD based on two items yes/no (positive: both yes), and the PHQ-8 (positive ≥ 10). Socioeconomic factors and use of health services were considered as independent variables. The prevalence of depression, sensitivity, specificity, global agreement, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of SRDs were evaluated using the PHQ-8 as a reference. Logistic regression models were fitted to determine factors associated with the agreement between indicators. RESULTS The prevalence of depression was lower when assessed with PHQ-8 (5.9%) than with SRD (7.7%). SRD sensitivity and PPV were moderate-low (52.9% and 40.4%, respectively) whereas global agreement, specificity, and NPV were high (92.7%, 95.1%, and 97.0%, respectively). Positive agreement was associated with marital status, country of birth, employment status, and social class. Negative agreement was related to all independent variables except country of birth. CONCLUSIONS SRD items tend to overestimate the current prevalence of depression. While its use in health surveys and cohorts may be appropriate as a quick assessment of possible depression, due to their low sensitivity, its use in clinical contexts is questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arias-de la Torre
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Division of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (A.S.-B.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (A.S.-B.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Serrano-Blanco
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (A.S.-B.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (A.S.-B.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain;
| | | | - Jose M Valderas
- Health Services and Policy Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX4 2LU, UK;
| | - Jordi Alonso
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (A.S.-B.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
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Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics: Analysis of Prescription Patterns and Patient Characteristics in Mental Health from a Spanish Real-World Study. Clin Drug Investig 2020; 40:459-468. [PMID: 32274654 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-020-00913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) have been widely studied in schizophrenia and evidence suggests that they could be also used for the treatment of bipolar and schizoaffective disorders. Nonetheless, there are no studies evaluating their role in other psychiatric disorders. We aimed to evaluate the use of the newest monthly and 3-monthly LAIs-aripiprazole once monthly, paliperidone 1- and 3-monthly (PP1M, PP3M)-against the 2-weekly LAIs, using the following clinical outcomes: (1) the number of hospital re-admissions, (2) the number of documented suicidal behaviors/attempts, and (3) the use of concomitant treatments, including benzodiazepines, oral antipsychotics, and biperiden. METHODS A total of 431 patients were included who were treated with the corresponding LAI over at least 12 months and were previously diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Statistical analyses were performed using an ANCOVA model, Student's t test, and the Pearson's r test. RESULTS Our results showed significantly decreased re-admissions using PP3M versus the bi-weekly LAIs and aripiprazole once monthly, while no significant differences were found in suicidal behavior. Furthermore, we found a significantly lower intake of benzodiazepines in PP1M and PP3M groups versus the bi-weekly and aripiprazole once-monthly groups. In addition, patients treated with PP1M and PP3M used a significantly lower dose of haloperidol equivalents versus the bi-weekly LAIs group. Finally, significantly higher doses of biperiden were used by the bi-weekly LAIs group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, paliperidone LAIs reduced hospital re-admissions and, as aripiprazole once monthly, lowered concomitant psychiatric medication versus the bi-weekly LAIs. Further research and analysis of subgroups are needed; however, these findings might be useful for clinicians.
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Papandreou C, Arija V, Aretouli E, Tsilidis KK, Bulló M. Comparing eating behaviours, and symptoms of depression and anxiety between Spain and Greece during the COVID-19 outbreak: Cross-sectional analysis of two different confinement strategies. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 28:836-846. [PMID: 32754986 PMCID: PMC7436917 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared eating behaviours, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in two countries with different confinement strictness strategies and different levels of COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD A web-based cross-sectional survey was administered during and shortly after the COVID-19 related lockdown in Spain and Greece. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify country differences associated with eating behaviour, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. RESULTS This study included 1,002 responders in Spain and 839 in Greece. The mean ± SD of restraint, emotional and external eating was 2.5 ± 0.79, 2.1 ± 0.81 and 2.6 ± 0.65 in Spain, whereas 2.7 ± 0.85, 2.3 ± 0.99 and 2.9 ± 0.74 in Greece. Spanish participants had lower average scores of restraint and external eating compared to Greek participants (p < .001), but no difference was seen for emotional eating. In Spain, 13.6%, and 12.3% of the survey respondents reported moderate to severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively, whereas in Greece the respective values were 18.8 and 13.2%. After adjusting for several risk factors, a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms was observed in Spain compared to Greece (p = .001), but no difference was seen for depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated high scores of inappropriate eating behaviours and a high frequency of depressive and anxiety symptoms in two Mediterranean countries during the COVID-19 outbreak. Our findings revealed that compared to Greek participants, Spanish participants, that faced more severe COVID-19 pandemic and stricter lockdown measures, were associated with lower restraint and external eating and increased anxiety symptoms, but not with depressive symptoms or emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Papandreou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,Institute of Health Pere Virgily (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Institute of Health Pere Virgily (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, (URV), Reus, Spain
| | - Eleni Aretouli
- Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,School of the Social Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,Institute of Health Pere Virgily (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Hernández-Vásquez A, Vargas-Fernández R, Bendezu-Quispe G, Grendas LN. Depression in the Peruvian population and its associated factors: analysis of a national health survey. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:291-297. [PMID: 32421615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, the factors associated with the presence of depression or depressive symptoms in the Peruvian population have not been described. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the Peruvian population and its associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study of secondary data from 2018 Demographic and Family Health Survey was conducted. The survey database includes 31,996 participants over 18 years of age. The dependent variable of the analysis was the presence of depression during the 14 days before the survey measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Factors associated with the presence of depression were estimated with a proportional odds logistic regression model. RESULTS The overall prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms was 6.4% (moderate and severe symptomatology in 3.9% [95% CI: 3.6-4.3] and 2.5% [95% CI: 2.2-2.7], respectively). Being a woman, belonging to the age groups of 45 to 64 years or 65 or older, living in the Andean region, and having high blood pressure or diabetes mellitus or some disability increased the probability of having clinically relevant depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS The use of the PHQ-9 tool to assess depressive symptomatology limits the evaluation to a period of two weeks before the survey, requiring further study for diagnosis confirmation. CONCLUSION Six out of 100 Peruvians presented moderate to severe clinically relevant depressive symptoms in 2018. Strategies for depression should contemplate population subgroups , such as women and patients with chronic diseases and disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Peru; Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud. Lima, Peru.
| | | | - Guido Bendezu-Quispe
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud. Lima, Peru.
| | - Leandro Nicolás Grendas
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital General de Agudos "T. Álvarez". Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Associations of major depressive disorder with chronic physical conditions, obesity and medication use: Results from the PISMA-ep study. Eur Psychiatry 2019; 60:20-27. [PMID: 31100609 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life expectancy of people with depression is on average 15 years less than that of the general population. This excess of mortality is largely attributed to a deteriorated physical health. Evidence about the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and physical health is still lacking in some areas. The aim of this study was to explore the association between MDD and physical health-related variables in southern Spain. METHODS The PISMA-ep is a cross-sectional study based on community-dwelling adult population. Our main outcome was current prevalence of MDD. Independent variables explored were: lifetime prevalence of twenty-one chronic physical conditions (CPCs), anthropometric measures (height, weight, body max index, and hip and waist circumferences), general health status, and medication use. RESULTS MDD was significantly associated with any CPC (OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 2.01-3.35; p < 0.001). Increases in BMI were associated with MDD in women (OR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.05-1.11; p < 0.001), but not in men (OR=0.99; 95% CI: 0.95-1.05; p = 0.916). Variables associated with MDD in the multivariate model were: female gender, obesity, general health status, cancer, peptic ulcer, tinnitus and vertigo. 21.4% of participants with MDD received antidepressant treatment. CONCLUSIONS MDD is associated with CPCs, obesity, and increased use of medication. The high rates of comorbidity between MDD and CPCs call for a more holistic management of patients in the clinical practice. The low rate of antidepressant use may be indicating underdiagnosis. Anthropometric variables were differently associated with MDD depending on gender, suggesting a strong influence of psychosocial factors.
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Aznar-Lou I, Iglesias-González M, Rubio-Valera M, Peñarrubia-Maria MT, Mendive JM, Murrugarra-Centurión AG, Gil-Girbau M, González-Suñer L, Peuters C, Serrano-Blanco A. Diagnostic accuracy and treatment approach to depression in primary care: predictive factors. Fam Pract 2019; 36:3-11. [PMID: 30423158 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study assessed the predictive factors of diagnostic accuracy and treatment approach (antidepressants versus active monitoring) for depression in primary care. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that uses information from a naturalistic prospective controlled trial performed in Barcelona (Spain) enrolling newly diagnosed patients with mild to moderate depression by GPs. Treatment approach was based on clinical judgement. Diagnosis was later assessed according to DSM-IV criteria using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) interview by an external researcher. Patients (sociodemographic, psychiatric diagnosis, severity of depression and anxiety, health-related quality of life, disability, beliefs about medication and illness and comorbidities) and GP factors associated with diagnostic accuracy and treatment approach were assessed using multilevel logistic regression. Variables with missing data were imputed through multiple imputations. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-three patients were recruited by 53 GPs. Mean age was 51 years (SD = 15). Thirty percent met DSM-IV criteria for major depression. Mean depression symptomatology was moderate-severe. Using multivariate analyses, patients' beliefs about medicines were the only variable associated with the antidepressant approach. Specialization in general medicine and being a resident tutor were associated with a more accurate diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Clinical depression diagnosis by GPs was not always associated with a formal diagnosis through a SCID-I. GPs' training background was central to an adequate depression diagnosis. Patients' beliefs in medication were the only factor associated with treatment approach. More resources should be allocated to improving the diagnosis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Aznar-Lou
- Teaching, Research and Innovation Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Fundació Idiap Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Iglesias-González
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rubio-Valera
- Teaching, Research and Innovation Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Fundació Idiap Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - M Teresa Peñarrubia-Maria
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Fundació Idiap Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain.,SAP Delta Llobregat, DAP Costa Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan M Mendive
- Fundació Idiap Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain.,Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), Barcelona, Spain.,La Mina Primary Care Centre, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Adrià de Besós, Spain
| | - Ana G Murrugarra-Centurión
- Teaching, Research and Innovation Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.,Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gil-Girbau
- Teaching, Research and Innovation Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.,Fundació Idiap Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain.,Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Peuters
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Antoni Serrano-Blanco
- Teaching, Research and Innovation Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Fundació Idiap Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Arias-de la Torre J, Vilagut G, Martín V, Molina AJ, Alonso J. Prevalence of major depressive disorder and association with personal and socio-economic factors. Results for Spain of the European Health Interview Survey 2014-2015. J Affect Disord 2018; 239:203-207. [PMID: 30014961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent and most burdensome mental disorder. The objectives of this study are: to assess the prevalence of major depressive disorder in the adult population of Spain; and to analyse its association with personal and socio-economic factors. METHODS Data from the European Health Interview Survey in Spain (2014-2015) were analysed (n = 21,546). DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) was assessed with the PHQ-8. Personal (age, marital status, and country of birth) and socio-economic (educational level, residence area, employment status and occupational social class) factors were also measured. Prevalence by gender and by personal and socio-economic factors was estimated. Crude (OR) and adjusted (aOR) Odds Ratio and their 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI) were calculated using logistic regression models. All analyses were stratified by gender. RESULTS Prevalence of MDD was 8.0% (95%CI: 7.3-8.6) among women and 4.1% (95%CI: 3.7-4.6) among men. For both genders, MDD was more prevalent among unemployed and among those in more disadvantaged social classes. Among women only, MDD was more prevalent for those widowed or separated, those with lower educational level, those retired, pre-retired or homemakers and in older ages. Among men only, MDD was more prevalent among those that were born in Spain. LIMITATIONS Data are cross-sectional and the sensitivity and specificity of PHQ-8 are not perfect. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of MDD in Spain is high, especially among women, and is strongly associated with personal variables and socio-economic disadvantage. Intersectoral interventions aimed at diminishing the impact of socio-economic disadvantage may help decreasing the societal burden of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arias-de la Torre
- Institue of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain; Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia (AQuAS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín
- Institue of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio J Molina
- Institue of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Dept. Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Porras-Segovia A, Valmisa E, Gutiérrez B, Ruiz I, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Cervilla J. Prevalence and correlates of major depression in Granada, Spain: Results from the GranadΣp study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:450-458. [PMID: 29843555 DOI: 10.1177/0020764018771405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression is one of the world's leading causes of disability. Up-to-date information about the epidemiology of this disorder is key to health care planning. AIM The aim of our study is to report prevalence and correlates of current major depressive disorder (MDD) in the province of Granada, Southern Spain. METHODS The GranadΣp is a cross-sectional study based on a community-dwelling adult population living in the province of Granada, Southern Spain. Community-dwelling adults aged 18-80 years ( n = 810) were interviewed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A variety of exposure assessments were also undertaken. RESULTS Point (2 weeks) prevalence of MDD in the Granada population was 5.6%. Positive family history of mental illness, high degree of neuroticism, high number of life threatening events (LTE), poor physical health status, cognitive impairment and cannabis use were independently associated with MDD in the multivariate regression model. Being female was also associated with MDD, but the significance disappeared after adjusting for neuroticism and physical health. CONCLUSION Prevalence of MDD in the Granada population is higher than expected. The effects of the financial crisis could be partially accountable for this excess in prevalence. Six variables were found to be independently associated with MDD. Association between female sex and depression may be partially explained by the confounding effect of neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blanca Gutiérrez
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz
- 4 Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Cervilla
- 1 International School for Postgraduate Studies, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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