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Huang WL, Chang SS, Wu SC, Liao SC. Population-based prevalence of somatic symptom disorder and comorbid depression and anxiety in Taiwan. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 79:103382. [PMID: 36493688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nationwide prevalence of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) has not yet been investigated in Asia. SSD is often comorbid with depression and anxiety, and the effects of these conditions on medical utilization await clarification. We hence performed a study in Taiwan to explore these issues. METHODS Using telephone-based sampling and interview, we obtained data for 3161 participants whose age, gender and living area were compatible with the Taiwan population. We gathered scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), Health Anxiety Questionnaire (HAQ) and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Individuals with a PHQ-15 score of at least 4 and a HAQ score of at least 17 were considered to have SSD. Descriptive statistics were used to clarify the prevalence and normative data of the questionnaires. We used multiple logistic regression analyses to investigate the relation between diagnoses and medical utilization. RESULTS The prevalence of SSD was 5.00% and women had a higher SSD prevalence than men; participants aged 40-49 years had the highest SSD prevalence. In SSD patients, 33.58% had depression or anxiety. After correcting for demographics, SSD and anxiety (but not depression) were associated with a significantly high level of outpatient/emergency department attendance. Comorbid depression or anxiety did not significantly increase the medical utilization of SSD patients. CONCLUSION The nationwide SSD prevalence in Taiwan is compatible with the description in the DSM-5. The comorbidity of SSD and depression/anxiety is common, but depression or anxiety does not significantly increase the SSD patients' medical utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Sen Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences and Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chi Wu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Cheng Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Biomedical Park Hospital, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County, Taiwan.
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Huang WL, Cheng YC, Liao SC. A simple version of resting-state heart rate variability interpretation for patients with affective disorders: A four-pattern perspective. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:1123-1132. [PMID: 36177817 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is often considered as a biomarker reflecting well-being, but the clinical meaning of short-term resting-state HRV is not sufficiently defined. We assume that combining several common HRV indices as "HRV patterns" and using the patterns for screening purposes are meaningful approaches. Resting-state 5-min HRV data of 424 subjects were analyzed. Four of the most commonly used HRV indices were considered: standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals, low-frequency power, high-frequency power and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power. According to these indices, four HRV patterns were defined: normal pattern, low HRV pattern, relatively high sympathetic pattern, and relatively high vagal pattern. The associations between the demographics, lifestyles, personality traits, psychological states, and HRV patterns were explored: the low HRV pattern was positively associated with age, body mass index, and depression; the relatively high sympathetic pattern was positively associated with age and negatively associated with exercise habit; and the relatively high vagal pattern was negatively associated with having a steady job and novelty seeking. The pattern perspective may provide a convenient and evidence-based way to interpret resting-state HRV for patients with affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, China Medical University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Big Data and Meta-analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Cheng Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Huang WL, Chang SS, Liao SC. The psychological features of distinct somatic syndromes: A cluster analysis according to population-based somatic symptom profiles in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1813-1822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Macina C, Bendel R, Walter M, Wrege JS. Somatization and Somatic Symptom Disorder and its overlap with dimensionally measured personality pathology: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2021; 151:110646. [PMID: 34715494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Difficulties in the assessments of Somatoform Disorders (SD) and Personality Disorders (PD) regarding operationalization, arbitrary thresholds, and reliability led to a shift from categorical to dimensional models in the DSM-5. Empirical research data postulates a continuous level of severity in both groups of diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the overlap between somatization and personality pathology. METHODS Until July 2020, we conducted a systematic literature search with PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS. We specifically reviewed current empirical data on the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) and Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) and SD. Data was drawn out using predefined data panels. Results were reflected in the context of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model. Risk of bias was assessed due to blinding, randomization, selective reporting, incomplete data, and attribution bias. RESULTS A total of eight studies (N = 2979) met the inclusion criteria. Whereas categorical measures revealed mixed results, positive correlations between SD/SSD and dimensionally measured personality functioning were present in four studies (N = 1741). In three studies (N = 2025) correlations between SD/SSD and neuroticism/negative affectivity (d = 0.22-1.041) were present. Moreover, harm avoidant (d = 0.526 - 0.826) and self-defeating traits (d = 0.892) revealed significant associations with somatization. CONCLUSIONS Dimensional personality assessments are highly neglected in patients with SSD and warrant further research. However, in line with the HiTOP model, there is tentative evidence that somatization can be described as an independent personality trait, which shows most striking overlaps with self-pathologies (Criterion A) and the trait of negative affectivity (Criterion B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Macina
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Rebecca Bendel
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Rafique S, Khan MS, Unar R, Wajid M, Waheed A, Umar A. Evaluation of mental health and anxiety level among hepatitis C patients during COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021; 11:50. [PMID: 34777869 PMCID: PMC8197598 DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to check anxiety level and mental stress in the 200 confirmed hepatitis C patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Chinese version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) score index was used to measure the anxiety level of HCV-positive patients. BAI score index of different demographic factors such as gender, age, occupation, and education of all the sampled population was calculated. Results The highest BAI score was recorded in people in the age group of 25–45 years (54.5%). Respondents from public sector employees, own businesses, and postgraduates were highly anxious. A significant difference in BAI score was also recorded between male and female respondents as 33.77% of females were at a severe level of anxiety compared to 17.07% of males. Furthermore, quarantined hepatitis C patients had a significantly higher BAI score (39.5) as compared to non-quarantined patients (27.12), and respondents with HCV infection also had a high BAI score of 37.25 compared to healthy individuals (4.1). Most of the respondents were willing to adopt protective measures against COVID-19. Conclusion This study concluded that people with infectious diseases like hepatitis C had high anxiety levels and mental stress in the COVID-19 pandemic and needed psychological aids for better mental health to handle pandemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rafique
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130 Pakistan
| | - Rabia Unar
- Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wajid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130 Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Waheed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130 Pakistan
| | - Ali Umar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130 Pakistan
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Zhao H, He X, Fan G, Li L, Huang Q, Qiu Q, Kang Z, Du T, Han L, Ding L, Xu H. COVID-19 infection outbreak increases anxiety level of general public in China: involved mechanisms and influencing factors. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:446-452. [PMID: 32871676 PMCID: PMC7370919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 outbreak happened last December in China and is still continuing. Here, we reported effects of COVID-19 outbreak on the mood of general public and ascertained impacts of psychosocial factors on the plague-related emotional measures. METHODS During Feb. 4-6, 2020, a self-reported questionnaire Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was disseminated to general public via Wechat, along with a sociodemographic information sheet. BAI score and incidences of moderate and severe anxiety in subgroups of respondents were compared. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were done for correlation analysis and to identify factors predictive of anxiety. RESULTS Averaged BAI score of all respondents is higher than those of general public in two previous studies. The people quarantined for probable COVID-19 infection presented higher BAI score and incidences of moderate and severe anxiety relative to non-quarantined respondents. People in high epidemic area showed higher BAI score and incidences of moderate and severe anxiety compared to those in low epidemic area. Significant associations existed between anxiety level of the respondents and each of the investigated factors, except for gender. Quarantine was the predictor with a highest OR, followed by divorced/widow. The other factors showed smaller but significant effects on the anxiety level of respondents. LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study was unable to track the emotional changes in the respondents over time. It had a relatively small sample and involved some of emotional measures only. CONCLUSION These data are of help in planning psychological interventions for the different subpopulations in general public during and after COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhao
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoyi He
- The Center for Injury Prevention Research, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Guanhua Fan
- The Center for Injury Prevention Research, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liping Li
- The Center for Injury Prevention Research, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qingjun Huang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qinming Qiu
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhewei Kang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Taifeng Du
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ling Han
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lei Ding
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haiyun Xu
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Rezaei F, Hemmati A, Rahmani K, Komasi S. A systematic review of personality temperament models related to somatoform disorder with main focus on meta-analysis of Cloninger's theory components. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:462-469. [PMID: 33678825 PMCID: PMC7909032 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_345_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The systematic review aims to identify four personality temperament models related to somatoform disorder with the main focus on the meta-analysis of temperaments and characters in Cloninger's theory. The literature search was performed on PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and ProQuest for all articles published in English from January 1990 to April 2019. Due to heterogeneity, pooled estimates of the standard mean difference between cases and controls were calculated using the random-effects model. Based on our inclusion criteria, 14 studies were identified, 7 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The results show that there is a significant difference between cases and controls with regard to harm avoidance (HA) (z = 5.322, P < 0.001), self-directedness (z = -4.719, P < 0.001), and self-transcendence (z = 2.848, P = 0.004). Compared to controls, HA and self-transcendence were higher and self-directedness was lower in cases. With regard to other subscales, there was no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The publication bias was not seen (P > 0.05 for Egger statistics). Up to now, very few studies have been focused on the relationship between personality temperament models and somatoform disorder. Among the components of the Cloninger's model, the poor self-directedness along with the abnormally high self-transcendence and HA is the personality component related to the somatoform disorder. Thus, Cloninger's model may potentially draw a personality profile for vulnerability to somatoform disorder. Given the limited number of studies available, future studies may challenge the results of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Rezaei
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Azad Hemmati
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Khaled Rahmani
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Saeid Komasi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Huang WL, Liou HH, Ouyang H, Liao SC. Application of heart rate variability during blood pressure measurement in patients with somatic symptom disorder. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:25-31. [PMID: 31982276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study wants to test whether the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis using sphygmomanometers can effectively reflect the physical and emotional distress of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) cases and assist in further health management. METHODS This study includes 66 female SSD cases and 32 male SSD cases. All cases received a 200-second blood pressure (BP) measurement, after which the numerical figure for the heart rate was obtained from the BP signal for HRV analysis. All cases also filled out Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to understand the extent of their somatic distress, depression, and anxiety. The relationship between psychological conditions and HRV indicators are examined statistically. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to understand whether HRV indicators can assist in the determination of psychosomatic problems. RESULTS Considering all and female SSD cases, low-frequency power (LF) and PHQ-15 in the HRV index have the most significant correlations. In male SSD cases, root mean square of successive NN interval differences (RMSSD) and BDI-II have the highest correlations. The results of ROC curve analysis indicate that LF is useful to judge the severity of female SSD cases, while RMSSD has reference value in determining whether male patients of SSD cases have depression or not. In addition, physical stress index (PSI) can also help determine the degree of depression in male SSD cases. CONCLUSION The use of BP in HRV analysis can help in the monitoring of somatic distress and depression issues in SSD cases. LF, RMSSD, PSI are potential physiological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren'ai Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, No. 579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Rd., Douliu City, Yunlin County 640, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Horng-Huei Liou
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren'ai Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, No. 579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Rd., Douliu City, Yunlin County 640, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing Ouyang
- R&D Department, AViTA Corporation, 9F, No.78, Sec.1, Kwang-Fu Road, Sanchong Dist., New Taipei City 24158, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Cheng Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren'ai Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan, ROC.
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Liao SC, Ma HM, Lin YL, Huang WL. Functioning and quality of life in patients with somatic symptom disorder: The association with comorbid depression. Compr Psychiatry 2019; 90:88-94. [PMID: 30818088 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with somatic symptoms often have impaired functioning and reduced quality of life (QOL), but the factors identified as responsible for these impairments vary between studies. We examined functioning and QOL in patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD), exploring their associations with demographic factors, personality traits and psychological features. METHODS The sample comprised 107 SSD patients and 100 healthy controls. Several types of self-report instrument were administered. Group differences were assessed with independent t-tests. We used multiple linear regression to examine relationships between the independent variables and functioning and QOL. Finally, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to perform path analysis and examine the fit of a model based on the earlier results. RESULTS Most function scores were lower in SSD patients than in healthy controls. In SSD patients overall WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) score was correlated with exercise level and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score. There were also associations between Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) score and age, novelty seeking, Cognitions About Body and Health Questionnaire (CABAH) score and BDI-II score. Family APGAR score was only related to BDI-II score. Path analysis revealed that BDI-II score was related to all three indices of functioning. CONCLUSIONS Depression is associated with functioning and QOL in SSD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION The Research Ethics Committee of National Taiwan University National Taiwan University Hospital approved this study (approval number: 201507007RINB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Cheng Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 1, Ren'ai Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huei-Mei Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, No.579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Rd., Douliu City, Yunlin County 640, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, No.579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Rd., Douliu City, Yunlin County 640, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Lieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 1, Ren'ai Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, No.579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Rd., Douliu City, Yunlin County 640, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan, ROC.
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Dewsaran-van der Ven C, van Broeckhuysen-Kloth S, Thorsell S, Scholten R, De Gucht V, Geenen R. Self-compassion in somatoform disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:34-39. [PMID: 29407566 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
'Third wave' cognitive-behavioral therapies have given a boost to the study of resilience factors, such as self-compassion. To get an indication of the potential clinical relevance of self-compassion for somatoform disorder, this study examined whether self-compassion in patients with somatoform disorder is lower than in the general population, and whether self-compassion is associated with number of symptoms and health-related quality of life. Two-hundred-and-thirty-six participants with somatoform disorder and 236 subjects from the general population, matched on sex and age, filled out questionnaires regarding self-compassion (SCS), number of symptoms (PSC) and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D). The difference in self-compassion between the patient group (Mean 3.53, SD .96) and the general population (Mean 4.16, SD .98) was significant with a medium effect size (d = -.65). Multiple regression analyses showed that having a somatoform disorder and low self-compassion were independently associated with number of symptoms and reduced health-related quality of life. The lower level of self-compassion in somatoform disorder and its association with more physical symptoms and lower health-related quality of life, indicate that self-compassion is a potential clinically relevant factor that may influence therapy outcome and that can be a therapeutic target in patients with somatoform disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Dewsaran-van der Ven
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine Eikenboom, Vrijbaan 2, 3705 WC Zeist, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Shiva Thorsell
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine Eikenboom, Vrijbaan 2, 3705 WC Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Scholten
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine Eikenboom, Vrijbaan 2, 3705 WC Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Véronique De Gucht
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine Eikenboom, Vrijbaan 2, 3705 WC Zeist, The Netherlands; Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rinie Geenen
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine Eikenboom, Vrijbaan 2, 3705 WC Zeist, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Subsyndromal psychosomatic concepts and personality traits in community adults. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 75:110-116. [PMID: 28347882 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of features of the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) in the Taiwanese community and to explore their relationships with psychological states and personality traits. METHOD The participants were 153 individuals without a DSM-5 psychiatric diagnosis who were grouped according to whether they had a DCPR diagnosis (at least one DCPR diagnosis, DCPR(+): n=66; no DCPR diagnosis, DCPR(-): n=87). The groups were compared with respect to psychological states (measured with Patient Health Questionnaire-15 [PHQ-15], Health Anxiety Questionnaire [HAQ], Beck Depression Inventory-II [BDI-II], Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI)]) and personality (measured with Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire). Multiple logistic and linear regressions were used to examine associations among demographic, personality, DCPR, and psychological states. RESULTS The DCPR(+) group had higher BDI-II, BAI, PHQ-15 and HAQ scores than the DCPR(-) group and also had a higher anticipatory worry. The most common DCPR diagnoses were health anxiety (42.42%) and alexithymia (37.88%). Anticipatory worry was the variable most closely associated with all the DCPR diagnoses. Health anxiety was related to anticipatory worry and age, whereas alexithymia was associated with dependence and fatiguability. PHQ-15, HAQ, and BDI-II scores were related to health anxiety but not alexithymia. CONCLUSION DCPR has clinical utility in the community samples without DSM-5 diagnoses. DCPR may be a valid mediator between psychological trait and state.
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