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Arango-de-Montis I, Reyes-Soto A, Rosales-Lagarde A, Eraña-Díaz ML, Vázquez-Mendoza E, Rodríguez-Delgado A, Muñoz-Delgado J, Vázquez-Mendoza I, Rodriguez-Torres EE. Automatic detection of facial expressions during the Cyberball paradigm in Borderline Personality Disorder: a pilot study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1354762. [PMID: 38895036 PMCID: PMC11184241 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1354762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms include inappropriate control of anger and severe emotional dysregulation after rejection in daily life. Nevertheless, when using the Cyberball paradigm, a tossing game to simulate social exclusion, the seven basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, disgust, and contempt) have not been exhaustively tracked out. It was hypothesized that these patients would show anger, contempt, and disgust during the condition of exclusion versus the condition of inclusion. When facial emotions are automatically detected by Artificial Intelligence, "blending", -or a mixture of at least two emotions- and "masking", -or showing happiness while expressing negative emotions- may be most easily traced expecting higher percentages during exclusion rather than inclusion. Therefore, face videos of fourteen patients diagnosed with BPD (26 ± 6 years old), recorded while playing the tossing game, were analyzed by the FaceReader software. The comparison of conditions highlighted an interaction for anger: it increased during inclusion and decreased during exclusion. During exclusion, the masking of surprise; i.e., displaying happiness while feeling surprised, was significantly more expressed. Furthermore, disgust and contempt were inversely correlated with greater difficulties in emotion regulation and symptomatology, respectively. Therefore, the automatic detection of emotional expressions during both conditions could be useful in rendering diagnostic guidelines in clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Arango-de-Montis
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Reyes-Soto
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Rosales-Lagarde
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
- Dirección Adjunta de Investigación Humanística y Científica, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marta-Lilia Eraña-Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Vázquez-Mendoza
- Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Delgado
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jairo Muñoz-Delgado
- Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac Vázquez-Mendoza
- Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Kot E, Kostecka B, Radoszewska J, Kucharska K. Self-disgust in patients with borderline personality disorder. The associations with alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, and comorbid psychopathology. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023; 10:24. [PMID: 37641140 PMCID: PMC10463936 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-023-00232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-disgust is a negative self-conscious emotion, which has been linked with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, it has not yet been investigated in relation to both emotion dysregulation and alexithymia, which are recognized as crucial to BPD. Therefore, the aim of our study was to measure these variables and examine the possible mediational role of emotional alterations and comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms in shaping self-disgust in patients with BPD and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS In total, the study included 100 inpatients with BPD and 104 HCs. Participants completed: the Self-Disgust Scale (SDS), Disgust Scale - Revised (DS-R), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Emotion Dysregulation Scale short version (EDS-short), Borderline Personality Disorder Checklist (BPD Checklist), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-R). RESULTS Inpatients with BPD showed higher self-disgust, alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, core and comorbid symptoms levels, and lower disgust sensitivity. Alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, and trait anxiety partially mediated between BPD diagnosis and self-disgust. The relationship between the severity of BPD symptoms and self-disgust was fully mediated by alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, depressive symptoms, and trait anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study may imply the contribution of emotion dysregulation, alexithymia, and comorbid psychopathology to self-referenced disgust in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kot
- Department of Neuroses, Personality Disorders, and Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, Warsaw, 02-957, Poland.
| | - Barbara Kostecka
- II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 8 Kondratowicza Street, Warsaw, 03-242, Poland
| | - Joanna Radoszewska
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, 5/7 Stawki Street, Warsaw, 00-183, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharska
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 1/3 Wóycickiego Street, Warsaw, 01-938, Poland
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Co-Occurring Autism Spectrum and Borderline Personality Disorder: An Emerging Clinical Challenge Seeking Informed Interventions. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2023; 31:83-91. [PMID: 36884039 PMCID: PMC9997622 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Traynor JM, Wrege JS, Walter M, Ruocco AC. Dimensional personality impairment is associated with disruptions in intrinsic intralimbic functional connectivity. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1323-1333. [PMID: 34376260 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently proposed alternative dimensional models of personality disorder (PD) place the severity of impairments in self and interpersonal functioning at the core of personality pathology. However, associations of these impairments with disturbances in social, cognitive, and affective brain networks remain uninvestigated. METHODS The present study examined patterns of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in a sample of 74 age- and sex-matched participants (45 inpatients with PD and 29 healthy controls). At a minimum, PD patients carried a diagnosis of borderline PD, although the majority of the sample had one or more additional PDs. rsFC patterns in the following networks were compared between groups and in association with dimensional personality impairments: default mode network (DMN)/core mentalization, frontolimbic, salience, and central executive. Further, the extent to which variation in rsFC was explained by levels of personality impairment as compared to typology-specific borderline PD symptom severity was explored. RESULTS Relative to controls, the PD group showed disruptions in rsFC within the DMN/core mentalization and frontolimbic networks. Among PD patients, greater severity of dimensional self-interpersonal impairment was associated with stronger intralimbic rsFC. In contrast, severity of borderline PD-specific typology was not associated with any rsFC patterns. CONCLUSIONS Disruptions in core mentalization and affective networks are present in PD. Higher intralimbic functional connectivity may underlie self-interpersonal personality impairment in PD regardless of diagnostic typology-specific PD symptoms, providing initial neurobiological evidence supporting alternative dimensional conceptualizations of personality pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Traynor
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johannes S Wrege
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony C Ruocco
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Stopyra MA, Simon JJ, Rheude C, Nikendei C. Pathophysiological aspects of complex PTSD - a neurobiological account in comparison to classic posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:103-128. [PMID: 35938987 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite a great diagnostic overlap, complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) has been recognised by the ICD-11 as a new, discrete entity and recent empirical evidence points towards a distinction from simple posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The development and maintenance of these disorders is sustained by neurobiological alterations and studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may further contribute to a clear differentiation of CPTSD, PTSD and BPD. However, there are no existing fMRI studies directly comparing CPTSD, PTSD and BPD. In addition to a summarization of diagnostic differences and similarities, the current review aims to provide a qualitative comparison of neuroimaging findings on affective, attentional and memory processing in CPTSD, PTSD and BPD. Our narrative review alludes to an imbalance in limbic-frontal brain networks, which may be partially trans-diagnostically linked to the degree of trauma symptoms and their expression. Thus, CPTSD, PTSD and BPD may underlie a continuum where similar brain regions are involved but the direction of activation may constitute its distinct symptom expression. The neuronal alterations across these disorders may conceivably be better understood along a symptom-based continuum underlying CPTSD, PTSD and BPD. Further research is needed to amend for the heterogeneity in experimental paradigms and sample criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion A Stopyra
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joe J Simon
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Rheude
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nikendei
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Bigliassi M, Filho E. Functional significance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during exhaustive exercise. Biol Psychol 2022; 175:108442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zarnowski O, Ziton S, Holmberg R, Musto S, Riegle S, Van Antwerp E, Santos-Nunez G. Functional MRI findings in personality disorders: A review. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:1049-1066. [PMID: 34468063 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality disorders (PDs) have a prevalence of approximately 10% in the United States, translating to over 30 million people affected in just one country. The true prevalence of these disorders may be even higher, as the paucity of objective diagnostic criteria could be leading to underdiagnosis. Because little is known about the underlying neuropathologies of these disorders, patients are diagnosed using subjective criteria and treated nonspecifically. To better understand the neural aberrancies responsible for these patients' symptoms, a review of functional MRI literature was performed. The findings reveal that each PD is characterized by a unique set of activation changes corresponding to individual structures or specific neural networks. While unique patterns of neural activity are distinguishable within each PD, aberrations of the limbic/paralimbic structures and default mode network are noted across several of them. In addition to identifying valuable activation patterns, this review reveals a void in research pertaining to paranoid, schizoid, histrionic, narcissistic, and dependent PDs. By delineating patterns in PD neuropathology, we can more effectively direct future research efforts toward enhancing objective diagnostic techniques and developing targeted treatment modalities. Furthermore, understanding why patients are manifesting certain symptoms can advance clinical awareness and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Zarnowski
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Shirley Ziton
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Rylan Holmberg
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Sarafina Musto
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Sean Riegle
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Emily Van Antwerp
- West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gabriela Santos-Nunez
- University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Radiology Department, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Resting state prefrontal cortex oxygenation in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury - A near-infrared spectroscopy study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 31:102704. [PMID: 34091351 PMCID: PMC8182302 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Resting prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation is decreased in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) compared to healthy controls. Lower PFC oxygenation (full sample) is associated with greater adverse childhood experiences and less health-related quality of life (HRQoL). On the group-level, patients show no alterations of resting state functional connectivity within the PFC. Among other clinical variables, increased PFC connectivity (full sample) is associated with greater borderline personality pathology.
Introduction Neural alterations in limbic and prefrontal circuits in association with self-injurious behavior have been studied primarily in adult borderline personality disorder (BPD). In adolescent patients, research is still sparse. Here, we used resting functional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its association with symptom severity in adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and matched healthy controls (HC). Methods Adolescents (12–17 years) with recurrent episodes of NSSI (n = 170) and healthy controls (n = 43) performed a low-demanding resting-state vanilla baseline task. Mean oxygenation of the PFC and functional connectivity within the PFC, were measured using an 8-channel functional NIRS system (Octamon, Artinis, The Netherlands). Various clinical variables derived from diagnostic interviews and self-reports were included in statistical analyses to explore potential associations with PFC oxygenation and connectivity. Results Adolescents with NSSI showed significantly decreased PFC oxygenation compared to HC, as indexed by oxygenated hemoglobin. Lower PFC oxygenation was associated with greater adverse childhood experiences and less health-related quality of life (HRQoL). While there was no evidence for alterations in PFC connectivity in adolescents engaging in NSSI compared to HC, increased PFC connectivity in the full sample was associated with greater adverse childhood experience, greater BPD pathology, greater depression severity and psychological burden in general, as well as lower HRQoL. Conclusion This study is the first to examine PFC oxygenation using NIRS technology in adolescents engaging in NSSI. Overall, results indicate small effects not specific to NSSI. Clinical implications of these findings and recommendations for further research are discussed.
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Kelleher-Unger I, Tajchman Z, Chittano G, Vilares I. Meta-Analysis of white matter diffusion tensor imaging alterations in borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 307:111205. [PMID: 33158715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BorPD) is characterized by instability and mood dysregulation, unstable relationships and distorted self-image. Identification of underlying anatomical and physiological changes is crucial to refine current treatments and develop new ones. In this perspective, previous magnetic resonance imaging studies have highlighted alterations associated with BorPD phenotype. In particular, diffusion-weighted imaging/Diffusion tensor imaging (DWI/DTI) has identified many white matter structural alterations in individuals with this diagnosis. Although in its infancy, limiting this line of investigation is a lack of direction at the field level. Hence, the present paper aims to conduct a meta-analysis of DWI/DTI findings in individuals with a diagnosis of BorPD, testing the hypothesis that there are specific white matter alterations associated with BorPD. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis of the existing literature of DWI/DTI in BorPD representing a total of 123 individuals with BorPD and 117 Controls. Our results indicated that individuals with BorPD show regions of reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and fornix. These results survived all jack-knife reshuffles and showed no publication bias. This suggests that alterations in these structures may contribute to psychopathology. Further, the present results lend support to extant psychological and biological models of BorPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kelleher-Unger
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Anaesthesia, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zuzanna Tajchman
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Gabriella Chittano
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iris Vilares
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
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Flasbeck V, Juckel G, Brüne M. Evidence for Altered Neural Processing in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by difficulties in emotion regulation, self-identity disturbances, self-injurious behavior, and reduced inhibitory control. Event-related potential (ERP) studies have sought to reveal the neural correlates of cognitive distortions and behavioral alterations in BPD. The article presents an overview of the existing ERP literature pertaining to BPD and discusses whether any one of the electrophysiological findings could serve as a reliable and specific marker for BPD. In short, ERP studies investigating P300 tentatively suggest impaired inhibitory control. Moreover, reduced error- and feedback-related processing and impaired response inhibition seem to be associated with impulsivity and risk-taking behavior in BPD patients. However, these findings are not specific for BPD. Regarding emotional and self-referential information processing, individuals with BPD display heightened vigilance toward social threat impacting their cognitive performance in various social-cognitive tasks demonstrating alterations of early negative and late positive potentials. These multifaceted electrophysiological alterations may be attributed to dysfunctional activity and connectivity of frontal brain regions and the limbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Flasbeck
- LWL University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- LWL University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Brüne
- LWL University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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McIver TA, Bosma RL, Goegan S, Sandre A, Klassen J, Chiarella J, Booij L, Craig W. Functional connectivity across social inclusion and exclusion is related to peer victimization and depressive symptoms in young adults. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:366-375. [PMID: 31078837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer victimization is associated with increased risk for depression, as well as increased neural response to social exclusion in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala. Altered functional connectivity (FxC) of fronto-limbic circuitry is associated with risk for various affective disorders. The present study examined the relationship between fronto-limbic FxC during social exclusion, prior peer victimization experience and depressive symptoms. METHODS Three mutually exclusive groups were formed: peer victimized (with a history of peer victimization), defenders (history of defending peers), and controls (no prior peer victimization experience) (n = 15/group; Mage = 17.7 years). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data were collected while participants completed the Cyberball paradigm (simulating the experience of social exclusion). FxC between the Medial Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC), ACC, right insula and left amygdala, was compared between groups and examined in relation to depressive symptoms. RESULTS Prior peer victimization experience was associated with differences in fronto-limbic FxC across social inclusion and exclusion. Defenders displayed distinct shifts in FxC across the transition from being included to excluded. Peer victimized individuals exhibited a unique pattern of amygdala-specific FxC during inclusive interaction with peers, and in the continuous FxC across inclusion and exclusion. FxC of the MPFC-amygdala across inclusion and exclusion moderated the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Small sample size and cross-sectional design limit interpretation of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Peer victimized individuals who exhibit continuous positive FxC of the MPFC-left amygdala across inclusion and exclusion may be at greater risk for depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A McIver
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rachael L Bosma
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sarah Goegan
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Janell Klassen
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Julian Chiarella
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Safar K, Sato J, Ruocco AC, Korenblum MS, O’Halpin H, Dunkley BT. Disrupted emotional neural circuitry in adolescents with borderline personality traits. Neurosci Lett 2019; 701:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Fertuck EA, Grinband J, Mann JJ, Hirsch J, Ochsner K, Pilkonis P, Erbe J, Stanley B. Trustworthiness appraisal deficits in borderline personality disorder are associated with prefrontal cortex, not amygdala, impairment. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 21:101616. [PMID: 30639176 PMCID: PMC6411618 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is associated with sensitivity to signals of interpersonal threats and misplaced trust in others. The amygdala, an integral part of the threat evaluation and response network, responds to both fear- and trust-related stimuli in non-clinical samples, and is more sensitive to emotional stimuli in BPD compared to controls. However, it is unknown whether the amygdalar response can account for deficits of trust and elevated sensitivity to interpersonal threat in BPD. Methods Facial stimuli were presented to 16 medication-free women with BPD and 17 demographically-matched healthy controls (total n = 33). Participants appraised fearfulness or trustworthiness of the stimuli while BOLD fMRI was obtained. Results Though BPD participants judged stimuli as less trustworthy compared to controls, trustworthiness did not correlate with amygdalar activity in either group. Trustworthiness correlated with prefrontal regional activity in the insula and lateral prefrontal cortex. Prefrontal BOLD activity while appraising trustworthiness was smaller in BPD compared to controls, and the size of the reduction was proportional to each participant's response bias. Conclusions Neural substrates of trustworthiness appraisal are associated with the lateral prefrontal cortex and insula, not amygdala, suggesting that untrustworthy stimuli do not elicit a subcortical threat response. Current models of BPD and its treatment may need to include a focus on improving impairments in frontally mediated trustworthiness appraisal in addition to amygdala- driven emotional hyper-reactivity. BPD is associated with sensitivity to signals of interpersonal betrayal and misplaced trust in others. BPD subjects judged faces to be less trustworthy than controls. Amygdala activity did not correlate with trustworthiness, but was modulated robustly by fearfulness of the stimulus. Prefrontal cortex, not amygdala, was modulated by trustworthiness. BPD was associated with reduced prefrontal activity, and the reduction was proportional to each individual’s response bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Fertuck
- The City College of the City University of New York, Department of Psychology, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joy Hirsch
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, USA
| | - Kevin Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Pilkonis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Erbe
- The City College of the City University of New York, Department of Psychology, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Park S, Whang M. Infrared Camera-Based Non-contact Measurement of Brain Activity From Pupillary Rhythms. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1400. [PMID: 30364205 PMCID: PMC6192458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pupillary responses are associated with affective processing, cognitive function, perception, memory, attention, and other brain activities involving neural pathways. The present study aimed to develop a noncontact system to measure brain activity based on pupillary rhythms using an infra-red web camera. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and pupil imaging of 70 undergraduate volunteers (35 female, 35 male) were measured in response to sound stimuli designed to evoke arousal, relaxation, happiness, sadness, or neutral responses. This study successfully developed a real-time system that could detect an EEG spectral index (relative power: low beta in FP1; mid beta in FP1; SMR in FP1; beta in F3; high beta in F8; gamma P4; mu in C4) from pupillary rhythms using the synchronization phenomenon in harmonic frequency (1/100 f) between the pupil and brain oscillations. This method was effective in measuring and evaluating brain activity using a simple, low-cost, noncontact system, and may be an alternative to previous methods used to evaluate brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangin Park
- Industry-Academy Cooperation Team, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mincheol Whang
- Department of Intelligent Engineering Informatics for Human, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
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Van Dessel J, Sonuga-Barke E, Mies G, Lemiere J, Van der Oord S, Morsink S, Danckaerts M. Delay aversion in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is mediated by amygdala and prefrontal cortex hyper-activation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:888-899. [PMID: 29427289 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental research supports delay aversion as a motivational feature of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To investigate the neurobiology of delay aversion in ADHD, this study examined whether adolescents with ADHD display an unusually strong activation in affective brain regions in response to cues predicting forthcoming delay and whether these effects are (a) delay-dose dependent and (b) statistically mediate the association between ADHD and self-reported delay aversion. METHODS Twenty-nine right-handed male adolescents with combined type ADHD and 32 typically developing controls (ages 10-18 years) performed a reaction time task in an MRI scanner. Pretarget cues indicated delay-related response consequences. One indicated that delay would follow the response irrespective of response speed (CERTAIN DELAY), a second that delay would only follow if the response was too slow (CONDITIONAL DELAY), and a third that no delay would follow the response whatever its speed (NO DELAY). Delay levels were 2, 6, or 14 s. Participants also rated their own delay aversion in everyday life. RESULTS Individuals with ADHD rated themselves as more delay averse than controls. Significantly greater activation to CERTAIN DELAY cues relative to NO DELAY cues was found in participants with ADHD compared to controls (bilaterally) in amygdala, anterior insula, temporal pole, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Amygdala and DLPFC activation strength were strongly and delay-dose dependently correlated with delay aversion ratings, and statistically mediated the relationship between ADHD status and delay aversion. CONCLUSIONS When presented with cues predicting impending delay, adolescents with ADHD, relative to controls, displayed a delay-related increase in activation in amygdala and DLPFC, regions known to be implicated in the processing of aversive events. Future studies should examine the specificity of these effects to delay aversion compared to aversive events in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Van Dessel
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, UPC - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.,Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabry Mies
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, UPC - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Lemiere
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, UPC - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saskia Van der Oord
- Clinical Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Morsink
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, UPC - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Danckaerts
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, UPC - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Kaag AM, Reneman L, Homberg J, van den Brink W, van Wingen GA. Enhanced Amygdala-Striatal Functional Connectivity during the Processing of Cocaine Cues in Male Cocaine Users with a History of Childhood Trauma. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:70. [PMID: 29593581 PMCID: PMC5857536 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Childhood trauma is associated with increased levels of anxiety later in life, an increased risk for the development of substance use disorders, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the amygdala and frontostriatal circuitry. The aim of this study was to investigate the (neurobiological) link among childhood trauma, state anxiety, and amygdala-frontostriatal activity in response to cocaine cues in regular cocaine users. METHODS In this study, we included 59 non-treatment seeking regular cocaine users and 58 non-drug using controls. Blood oxygenation level-dependent responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects performed a cue reactivity paradigm with cocaine and neutral cues. Psychophysiological interaction analyses were applied to assess functional connectivity between the amygdala and other regions in the brain. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure childhood trauma, state anxiety, drug use, drug use severity, and craving. RESULTS Neural activation was increased during the presentation of cocaine cues, in a widespread network including the frontostriatal circuit and amygdala in cocaine users but not in controls. Functional coupling between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex was reduced in response to cocaine cues, in both cocaine users and controls, which was further diminished with increasing state anxiety. Importantly, amygdala-striatal connectivity was positively associated with childhood trauma in regular cocaine users, while there was a negative association in controls. At the behavioral level, state anxiety was positively associated with cocaine use severity and craving related to negative reinforcement. CONCLUSION Childhood trauma is associated with enhanced amygdala-striatal connectivity during cocaine cue reactivity in regular cocaine users, which may contribute to increased habit behavior and poorer cognitive control. While we cannot draw conclusions on causality, this study provides novel information on how childhood trauma may contribute to the development and persistence of cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marije Kaag
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Departement of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Departement of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Departement of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guido A. van Wingen
- Departement of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Morris LS, To B, Baek K, Chang-Webb YC, Mitchell S, Strelchuk D, Mikheenko Y, Phillips W, Zandi M, Jenaway A, Walsh C, Voon V. Disrupted avoidance learning in functional neurological disorder: Implications for harm avoidance theories. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 16:286-294. [PMID: 28856091 PMCID: PMC5562176 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neurological disorder (FND) is an elusive disorder characterized by unexplained neurological symptoms alongside aberrant cognitive processing and negative affect, often associated with amygdala reactivity. METHODS We examined the effect of negative conditioning on cognitive function and amygdala reactivity in 25 FND patients and 20 healthy volunteers (HV). Participants were first conditioned to stimuli paired with negative affective or neutral (CS +/CS -) information. During functional MRI, subjects then performed an instrumental associative learning task to avoid monetary losses in the context of the previously conditioned stimuli. We expected that FND patients would be better at learning to avoid losses when faced with negatively conditioned stimuli (increased harm avoidance). Multi-echo resting state fMRI was also collected from the same subjects and a robust denoising method was employed, important for removing motion and physiological artifacts. RESULTS FND subjects were more sensitive to the negative CS + compared to HV, demonstrated by a reinforcement learning model. Contrary to expectation, FND patients were generally more impaired at learning to avoid losses under both contexts (CS +/CS -), persisting to choose the option that resulted in a negative outcome demonstrated by both behavioural and computational analyses. FND patients showed enhanced amygdala but reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex responses when they received negative feedback. Patients also had increased resting state functional connectivity between these two regions. CONCLUSIONS FND patients had impaired instrumental avoidance learning, findings that parallel previous observations of impaired action-outcome binding. FND patients further show enhanced behavioural and neural sensitivity to negative information. However, this did not translate to improved avoidance learning. Put together, our findings do not support the theory of harm avoidance in FND. We highlight a potential mechanism by which negative contexts interfere with adaptive behaviours in this under-explored disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel S. Morris
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Benjaman To
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kwangyeol Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yee-Chien Chang-Webb
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Strelchuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yevheniia Mikheenko
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Phillips
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology
| | - Michael Zandi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology
| | - Allison Jenaway
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology
| | - Valerie Voon
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author at: Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom.
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