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Holfeld B, Mishna F, Craig W, Zuberi S. A Latent Profile Analysis of the Consensual and Non-Consensual Sexting Experiences among Canadian Adolescents. Youth Soc 2024; 56:713-733. [PMID: 38586084 PMCID: PMC10990801 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x231202814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Different patterns of sexting behaviors were examined to provide a more nuanced understanding of the context in which sexting occurs among adolescents. Participants were 1,000 Canadian adolescents (50.2% girls) between 12 and 18 years (Mage = 15.21, SD = 2.00) who completed measures of sexting, cyber bullying and victimization, problematic social media use, self-regulation, and demographics. Contrary to our hypotheses, three latent profiles of sexting represented the frequency of sexting rather than whether the sexting was consensual versus non-consensual or with a partner versus non-partner. Participants in the moderate and high sexting profiles representing one fifth of youth, reported less self-regulation, experienced more cyber victimization, and engaged in more cyber bullying and problematic social media use than those in the no/low sexting profile. Our findings support the normalcy approach to education, which considers some sexting among healthy developmental behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Holfeld
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Canada
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2
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Osuchukwu O, Gagnon J, Richard J, Craig W, Quaye A. Liposomal bupivacaine in transversus abdominis plane blocks for lower abdominal surgery. Pain Pract 2024. [PMID: 38265273 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transversus abdominis plane blocks are an established method of postoperative analgesia for abdominopelvic surgeries. Liposomal bupivacaine is an extended-release formulation of bupivacaine providing up to 72 h of analgesia. This study aims to determine if transversus abdominis plane blocks performed with liposomal bupivacaine are associated with reduced opioid consumption and level of pain intensity compared to conventional bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single institution between December 2020 and December 2021. After institutional review board approval, we identified patients who underwent lower abdominopelvic surgery with transversus abdominis plane blocks done with liposomal or conventional bupivacaine and collected demographic, clinical, and procedural information for analysis. We compared total opioid consumption over 72-h postoperatively in milligram morphine equivalents (MME), frequency of opioid utilization, and average level of pain intensity between groups. These outcomes were also evaluated after adjusting for covariates. Data were presented as mean ± SD, median [IQR] or frequency (%), as appropriate; p < 0.05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS A total of 178 patients met inclusion criteria, with 79 patients receiving an admixture of liposomal bupivacaine and conventional bupivacaine and 99 patients receiving conventional bupivacaine. The liposomal bupivacaine group had a median opioid consumption 72-h postoperatively of 47.5 [18-91.8] MME compared to 88 [43.8-160] MME in the conventional bupivacaine group, p = 0.045. Differences in opioid consumption between the groups did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics, p = 0.11. There was no significant difference in frequency of opioid use or average pain intensity. CONCLUSION Transversus abdominis plane blocks using an admixture of liposomal bupivacaine conventional bupivacaine are not associated with decreased opioid consumption or reduced pain up to 72 h following elective abdominopelvic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obiyo Osuchukwu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - James Gagnon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
- Spectrum Healthcare Partners, South Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Janelle Richard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Wendy Craig
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Aurora Quaye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
- Spectrum Healthcare Partners, South Portland, Maine, USA
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3
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Quaye A, Wampole C, Riker RR, Seder DB, Sauer WJ, Richard J, Craig W, Gagnon DJ. Medications for opioid use disorder prescribed at hospital discharge associated with decreased opioid agonist dispensing in patients with opioid use disorder requiring critical care: A retrospective study. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2023; 155:209176. [PMID: 37778703 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Buprenorphine is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), and, in recent years, the rates of patients maintained on buprenorphine requiring critical care have been steadily increasing. Currently, no unified guidance exists for buprenorphine management during critical illness. Likewise, we do not know if patients maintained on buprenorphine for OUD are prescribed medications for OUD (MOUD) following hospital discharge or if buprenorphine management influences mu opioid agonist dispensing. METHODS In our cohort of adults over the age of 18 with OUD, receiving buprenorphine formulations in the 3 months preceding their ICU admission, we sought to investigate the relationship between receipt of MOUD and non-MOUD opioid prescribing up to 12 months following hospital discharge. This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study approved by the MaineHealth institutional review board. The study analyzed differences in prescription rates between discharge and subsequent time points using chi square or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. We performed analyses using SPSS Statistical Software version 28 (IBM SPSS Inc., Armonk, NY) with significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS We identified a statistically significant increase in MOUD prescribing 3 months posthospital discharge in patients who received MOUD at time of discharge (87.9 % vs 40 % p = 0.002.) The study found a significant increase in nonbuprenorphine opioid prescribing in patients who did not receive an MOUD prescription at time of discharge (24.2 % vs 70 % p = 0.007). This trend persisted at the 6-month and 12-month time points; however, it did not reach statistical significance. Additionally, the study identified a significant reduction in the incidence of non-MOUD opioid dispensing in patients prescribed MOUD at each time point measured (p = 0.007, p < 0.001. p < 0.001 and p = 0.008 at discharge, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings support continuing buprenorphine dispensing following hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Quaye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102, USA; Spectrum Healthcare Partners, 324 Gannett Dr, Suite 200, South Portland, ME 04106, USA.
| | - Chelsea Wampole
- Department of Pharmacy, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102, USA
| | - Richard R Riker
- Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - David B Seder
- Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - William J Sauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102, USA; Spectrum Healthcare Partners, 324 Gannett Dr, Suite 200, South Portland, ME 04106, USA; Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Janelle Richard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102, USA
| | - Wendy Craig
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - David J Gagnon
- Department of Pharmacy, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA; MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Dr, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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4
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Morrison KE, Hymel S, Craig W, Dirks M, Holfeld B. Teen perceptions of adolescent dating violence. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1348-1364. [PMID: 37409692 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research shows that adolescents who experience dating violence most often disclose their victimization to a peer or friend, more so than to other sources of support. However, surprisingly little research has explored how adolescents respond to peer disclosures of dating violence. Addressing this gap, the present study assessed variations in adolescents' perceptions of blame, interpretations of the incident as violence, and intentions to respond across physical, psychological, sexual, cyber-psychological, and cyber-sexual dating violence scenarios. METHODS As part of a national research project across Canada, 663 high school adolescents (432 girls, 65.2%) between the ages of 14-17 were randomly assigned to complete a questionnaire which included one of five different hypothetical dating violence scenarios. Next, participants responded to questions about their perceptions of the incident, as well as victim and perpetrator blame and responsibility, and their intentions to respond. RESULTS Results indicated that the type of dating violence experienced and the age and gender of participants all played a role in perceptions of blame, understandings of violence, and intentions to respond. CONCLUSIONS As one of the first studies to explore how adolescents perceived and responded to dating violence, considering both in-person and cyber forms of dating violence, this study fills an important gap in the literature. Findings underscore the uniqueness of cyber forms of dating violence and how pre/intervention programs must address the specific contexts and issues unique to each type of dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn E Morrison
- Department of Educational and Counselling Pscyhology and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shelley Hymel
- Department of Educational and Counselling Pscyhology and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Dirks
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brett Holfeld
- Psychology Program, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, Canada
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5
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Andrews NCZ, Cillessen AHN, Craig W, Dane AV, Volk AA. Bullying and the Abuse of Power. Int J Bullying Prev 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37361638 PMCID: PMC10112998 DOI: 10.1007/s42380-023-00170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Dan Olweus pioneered research on school bullying and identified the importance of, and risk factors associated with, bullying and victimization. In this paper, we conduct a narrative review of the critical notion of power within bullying. Specifically, we discuss Olweus's definition of bullying and the role of a power imbalance in distinguishing bullying behavior from other forms of aggression. Next, we discuss the changing nature of research on aggression (and the adaptiveness of aggression) throughout the years, the important role of power in these changes, and how the concept of power in relationships has helped elucidate the developmental origins of bullying. We discuss bullying interventions and the potential opportunities for interventions to reduce bullying by making conditions for bullying less favorable and beneficial. Finally, we discuss bullying and the abuse of power that extends beyond the school context and emerges within families, workplaces, and governments. By recognizing and defining school bullying as an abuse of power and a violation of human rights, Olweus has laid the foundation and created the impetus for researching and addressing bullying. This review highlights the importance of examining abuses of power not only in school relationships, but across human relationships and society in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C. Z. Andrews
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Antonius H. N. Cillessen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Radboud University, Houtlaan 4, Nijmegen, 6525 XZ The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Andrew V. Dane
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Anthony A. Volk
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada
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6
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Powers S, Craig W, Kohut M, Hallward A. Narrative Podcasts to Foster Empathy and Reduce Stigma Among Third-Year Medical Students. Acad Psychiatry 2023:1-5. [PMID: 36918469 PMCID: PMC10014135 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-023-01764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Kohut
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Anne Hallward
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Coldwell C, Craig W. How should anaesthetic skills best be deployed for quality, safety and efficiency of care? Anaesthesia 2023; 78:279-281. [PMID: 36410053 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Coldwell
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, UK
| | - W Craig
- Department of Surgery, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, UK
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Wolfe EL, Vaughan D, Craig W, Amaral B, Penzias A, Sakkas D, Toth TL. Modified natural and optimized programmed frozen embryo transfers have equivalent live birth rates: an analysis of 6,682 cycles. Fertil Steril 2023:S0015-0282(23)00148-6. [PMID: 36801457 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare live birth rates in modified natural and programmed single blastocyst frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING University affiliated fertility practice. PATIENT(S) Patients undergoing single blastocyst FETs between January 2014 and December 2019. A total of 15,034 FET cycles from 9,092 patients were reviewed; 1,186 modified natural and 5,496 programmed FET cycles from 4,532 patients met inclusion criteria for analysis. INTERVENTION(S) No intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The primary outcome measure was live birth rate. RESULTS There was no difference in live birth after programmed cycles using intramuscular (IM) progesterone or combination vaginal and IM progesterone compared to modified natural cycles [aRR 0.94 (0.85-1.04)] and [0.91 (0.82-1.02)], respectively. Relative risk of live birth was decreased, compared to modified natural cycles, in programmed cycles that used exclusively vaginal progesterone [aRR 0.77 (0.69-0.86)] CONCLUSION(S): Live birth rate was decreased in programmed cycles that used only vaginal progesterone. However, no difference in live birth rates existed between modified natural and programmed cycles if programmed cycles used either IM or combination IM and vaginal progesterone protocols. This study demonstrates that modified natural FET cycles and optimized programmed FET cycles have equivalent live birth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Wolfe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
| | - Denis Vaughan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Boston IVF-The Eugin Group, Waltham MA, USA
| | - Wendy Craig
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Alan Penzias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Boston IVF-The Eugin Group, Waltham MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas L Toth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Boston IVF-The Eugin Group, Waltham MA, USA
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9
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Butler A, King N, Battista K, Pickett W, Patte KA, Elgar FJ, Craig W, Leatherdale ST. Mental health and cannabis use among Canadian youth: Integrated findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Int J Drug Policy 2023; 112:103926. [PMID: 36587508 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Using data from two methodologically independent youth research studies in Canada, the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study and the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) study, the objective of this study was to compare associations between youth's mental health and cannabis use across samples. Using similar indicators in both studies, our goal was to affirm the potential for nationally representative cross-sectional analyses (HBSC) to replicate findings found in a longitudinal non-representative data source (COMPASS), enhancing opportunity for causal inferences. METHODS Data were collected from grade 9 and 10 Canadian students participating in the 2017/18 HBSC (n=8462) and 2017/18 to 2018/19 waves of COMPASS (n=32,023). Using multivariable Poisson regression models, the strength and statistical significance of the effects of mental health indicators on cannabis use outcomes were estimated within both studies and compared for consistency. Using a 2-year linked sample of students participating in COMPASS, models examining the impact of mental health indicators on cannabis use initiation and maintenance over time were similarly fit using Poisson regression to estimate relative risk. RESULTS Similar associations between mental health problems and cannabis use were observed in both data sources. The direction, magnitude, and precision of the estimates for restless sleep, loneliness, poor wellbeing, and cannabis use were highly comparable across both studies. Worse mental health was consistently associated with current and lifetime cannabis use among youth. DISCUSSION Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from two large methodologically diverse studies in Canada demonstrate a replicable association between indicators of mental health and youth cannabis use. Similarities were identified and two generalizations may be concluded: 1) potentially causal etiological relationships inferred from HBSC data were supported in longitudinal findings based on COMPASS, and 2) longitudinal COMPASS data aligns with nationally representative data from HBSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Butler
- University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Nathan King
- Queen's University, Department of Public Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate Battista
- University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Pickett
- Queen's University, Department of Public Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Brock University, Department of Health Sciences, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Brock University, Department of Health Sciences, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank J Elgar
- McGill University, School of Population and Global Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Queen's University, Department of Psychology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Buczkowski A, Craig W, Holmes R, Allen D, Longnecker L, Kondrad M, Carr A, Turchi R, Gage S, Osorio SN, Cooperberg D, Mallory L. Factors Correlated With Successful Pediatric Post-Discharge Phone Call Attempt and Connection. Hosp Pediatr 2023; 13:47-54. [PMID: 36514893 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2022-006675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postdischarge phone calls can identify discharge errors and gather information following hospital-to-home transitions. This study used the multisite Project IMPACT (Improving Pediatric Patient Centered Care Transitions) dataset to identify factors associated with postdischarge phone call attempt and connectivity. METHODS This study included 0- to 18-year-old patients discharged from 4 sites between January 2014 and December 2017. We compared demographic and clinical factors between postdischarge call attempt and no-attempt and connectivity and no-connectivity subgroups and used mixed model logistic regression to identify significant independent predictors of call attempt and connectivity. RESULTS Postdischarge calls were attempted for 5528 of 7725 (71.6%) discharges with successful connection for 3801 of 5528 (68.8%) calls. Connection rates varied significantly among sites (52% to 79%, P < .001). Age less than 30 days (P = .03; P = .01) and age 1 to 6 years (P = .04; P = .04) were independent positive predictors for both call attempt and connectivity, whereas English as preferred language (P < .001) and the chronic noncomplex clinical risk group (P = .02) were independent positive predictors for call attempt and connectivity, respectively. In contrast, readmission within 3 days (P = .004) and federal or state payor (P = .02) were negative independent predictors for call attempt and call connectivity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that targeted interventions may improve postdischarge call attempt rates, such as investment in a reliable call model or improvement in interpreter use, and connectivity, such as enhanced population-based communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Buczkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital at Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - Wendy Craig
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Rebekah Holmes
- Midwestern University - Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Dannielle Allen
- University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, Maine
| | - Lee Longnecker
- Department of Pediatrics, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital at Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - Monica Kondrad
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ann Carr
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Renee Turchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandra Gage
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Snezana Nena Osorio
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Komansky Children's Hospital, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - David Cooperberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leah Mallory
- Department of Pediatrics, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital at Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
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11
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Exner-Cortens D, Baker E, Craig W. Canadian Adolescents' Experiences of Dating Violence: Associations with Social Power Imbalances. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:NP1762-NP1786. [PMID: 35593320 PMCID: PMC9709543 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221092072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A substantial minority of adolescents experience and use dating violence in their sexual and/or romantic relationships. Limited attention has been paid to exploring theory-driven questions about use and experience of adolescent dating violence (ADV), restricting knowledge about promising prevention targets for diverse groups of youth. To address this gap, this paper investigates whether factors tied to power imbalances (bullying, risk of social marginalization) are associated with patterns of ADV victimization and perpetration in a large sample of Canadian mid-adolescents. We used data from the 2017/2018 Health-Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study, a nationally representative sample of Canadian youth. Our study was comprised of adolescents who were in grades 9 or 10, and who had dated in the past 12 months (N = 3779). We assessed multiple forms of ADV and bullying victimization and perpetration. We also included six variables assessing adolescents' risk of social marginalization: gender, race/ethnicity, immigration status, family structure, food insecurity, and family affluence. We used latent class analysis to explore the ways adolescents experience and use different forms of ADV, and then examined whether factors tied to power imbalances (bullying, social marginalization) were associated with classes of ADV. Three ADV classes emerged in our sample: uninvolved (65.7%), psychological and cyber victimization only (28.9%), and mutual violence (5.4%). Bullying was most strongly associated with the mutual violence class, suggesting a transformation of power from peer to romantic contexts. Social marginalization variables were associated with ADV patterns in different ways, highlighting the need to use a critical and anti-oppressive lens in ADV research and prevention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deinera Exner-Cortens
- Department of Psychology,
Faculty of
Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary,
AB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Baker
- Department of Psychology,
Faculty of
Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary,
AB, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Psychology Department,
Queen’s
University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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12
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Wong SL, King N, Gariépy G, Michaelson V, Canie O, King M, Craig W, Pickett W. Adolescent social media use and its association with relationships and connections: Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, 2017/2018. Health Rep 2022; 33:14-23. [PMID: 36542360 DOI: 10.25318/82-003-x202201200002-eng] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The development of healthy relationships and connections is of fundamental importance to adolescent well-being. The use of social media plays a vital role in the lives of young Canadians, yet the association between different types of social media use and the quality of relationships and connections remains unknown, and most existing analyses on this topic are based on modest and non-representative samples. Data and methods Using 2017/2018 reports from the nationally representative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (n=17,149; ages 11 to 15 years), the strength, consistency and significance of associations was examined between intensive (frequent use to connect with other people) and problematic (use that depicts addictive qualities) social media use and available measures of adolescent relationships and connections. Results Overall, intensive use (online communication with others almost all of the time) and problematic use (potential addiction to social media) were more common in girls than boys (38% of girls versus 30% of boys and 7.7% of girls versus 5.2% of boys, respectively), with prevalence levels that rose with age. Intensive use was associated with more positive social relationships with friends, especially among girls (relative risk [RR] = 1.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28 - 1.54]), while problematic use was consistently and negatively associated with strong relationships and connections in all groups in the study. Notably, problematic use was negatively associated with strong family relationships in boys (RR = 0.58 [95% CI 0.42 to 0.79]) and girls (RR=0.48 [95% CI 0.36 to 0.63]). Interpretation Intensive use of social media has the potential to strengthen relationships and connections in adolescents. However, when social media use becomes addictive or "problematic", it is highly correlated with weaker relationships and a sense of social disconnection. Public health initiatives related to social media use should consider how different types of social media use have the potential to impact on different aspects of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy-Lai Wong
- Centre for Health Promotion, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nathan King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Geneviève Gariépy
- Regional Operations, Public Health Agency of Canada, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Olivia Canie
- Centre for Health Promotion, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Matthew King
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Canada
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13
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Cosma A, Bjereld Y, Elgar FJ, Richardson C, Bilz L, Craig W, Augustine L, Molcho M, Malinowska-Cieślik M, Walsh SD. Gender Differences in Bullying Reflect Societal Gender Inequality: A Multilevel Study With Adolescents in 46 Countries. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:601-608. [PMID: 35817675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social patterns in bullying show consistent gender differences in adolescent perpetration and victimization with large cross-national variations. Previous research shows associations between societal gender inequality and gender differences in some violent behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond individual associations and use a more social ecological perspective when examining gender differences in bullying behaviors. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to explore cross-national gender differences in bullying behaviors and (2) to examine whether national-level gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent bullying behaviors. METHODS Traditional bullying and cyberbullying were measured in 11-year-olds to 15-year-olds in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (n = 200,423). We linked individual data to national gender inequality (Gender Inequality Index, 2018) in 46 countries and tested their association using mixed-effects (multilevel) logistic regression models. RESULTS Large cross-national variations were observed in gender differences in bullying. Boys had higher odds of perpetrating both traditional and cyberbullying and victimization by traditional bullying than girls. Greater gender inequality at country level was associated with heightened gender differences in traditional bullying. In contrast, lower gender inequality was associated with larger gender differences for cyber victimization. DISCUSSION Societal gender inequality relates to adolescents' involvement in bullying and gendered patterns in bullying. Public health policy should target societal factors that have an impact on young people's behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cosma
- Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ylva Bjereld
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Frank J Elgar
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clive Richardson
- Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Ludwig Bilz
- Department of Health Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lilly Augustine
- CHILD, School of Learning and Communication, Jönköping University Sweden, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Michal Molcho
- Discipline of Children's Studies, School of Education, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marta Malinowska-Cieślik
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sophie D Walsh
- Department of Criminology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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14
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Wolfe E, Amaral B, Craig W, Sakkas D, Vaughan D, Thomas Toth. OPTIMIZING FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFERS; AN ANALYSIS OF 8,785 CYCLES. Fertil Steril 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.09.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Weirich L, Bodinaku I, Bradford L, Craig W. The prognostic value of the chemotherapy response score in tubo-ovarian or primary peritoneal high-grade serous carcinoma (466). Gynecol Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0090-8258(22)01687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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McIver TA, Craig W, Bosma RL, Chiarella J, Klassen J, Sandra A, Goegan S, Booij L. Empathy, Defending, and Functional Connectivity While Witnessing Social Exclusion. Soc Neurosci 2022; 17:352-367. [PMID: 35659207 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2022.2086618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Peers are present for most bullying episodes. Peers who witness bullying can play an important role in either stopping or perpetuating the behaviour. Defending can greatly benefit victimized peers. Empathy is strongly associated with defending. Yet, less is known about defenders' neural response to witnessing social distress, and how this response may relate to the link between empathy and defending. Forty-six first-year undergraduate students (Mage = 17.7; 37 women), with varied history of peer defending, underwent fMRI scanning while witnessing a depiction of social exclusion. Functional connectivity analysis was performed across brain regions that are involved in cognitive empathy, empathetic distress, and compassion. History of defending was positively associated with functional connectivity (Exclusion > Inclusion) between the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) - medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), and right OFC - left and right amygdalae. Defending was negatively associated with functional connectivity between the left OFC - anterior cingulate cortex. The relationship between history of defending and empathy (specifically, empathetic perspective taking) was moderated by functional connectivity of the right OFC - left amygdala. These findings suggest that coactivation of brain regions involved in compassionate emotion regulation and empathetic distress play a role in the relationship between empathy and peer defending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A McIver
- Queen's University, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Queen's University, Department of Psychology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachael L Bosma
- Queen's University, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian Chiarella
- Concordia University, Department of Psychology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janell Klassen
- Queen's University, Department of Psychology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aislinn Sandra
- Queen's University, Department of Psychology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Goegan
- Queen's University, Department of Psychology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Queen's University, Department of Psychology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Concordia University, Department of Psychology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Zamore E, Craig W, Pinette MG, Wax JR. Quantitative content analysis of physician-involved work-related firearm violence in the United States, 2008-2017. Work 2022; 71:1157-1162. [PMID: 35253688 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency with which physicians are injured or killed in acute care hospital shootings has more than tripled during the past two decades. Moreover, physicians may be exposed to firearm violence outside of hospital settings. OBJECTIVE To characterize physician-involved workplace-related firearms violence to inform risk identification and mitigation strategies. METHODS Quantitative content analysis of physician-involved workplace-related firearm violence resulting in injury or death. Two investigators independently abstracted web-based reports for each year from 2008-2017 with differences resolved by consensus. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, and analyzed using chi-square, Fisher exact, or Kruskal Wallis test, as appropriate. RESULTS Twenty-six incidents, 10 (38.5%) perpetrated by physicians and 16 (61.5%) perpetrated by nonphysicians, resulted in 83 casualties. All physician-perpetrated shootings represented either type III or IV violence motivated by grudges. Significantly more crimes perpetrated by nonphysicians were type II violence (11/16, 68.8%), P < .001, most representing grudges related to medical or surgical outcomes (7/16, 43.8%), P = .003. Physician perpetrated shootings occurred significantly more often in the victim's home (5/11, 45.4%), compared to nonphysician perpetrated attacks which more often occurred at a hospital or physician office (14/16, 87.5%), P = .03. Urologists (4/26, 15.4%) were disproportionately targeted. CONCLUSIONS These data may inform practical education and training to identify potential perpetrators before a work-related attack occurs by or on a physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Zamore
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Wendy Craig
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Michael G Pinette
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Joseph R Wax
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
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18
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Persram RJ, Wong TKY, Vargas-Madriz LF, Konishi C, Dryburgh NSJ, Dirks MA, Martin-Storey A, Craig W. Development and Validation of the Teen Dating Aggression Measure Among Canadian Youth. Front Psychol 2022; 12:763210. [PMID: 34970195 PMCID: PMC8712666 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.763210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Teen dating violence (TDV) victimization is a traumatic experience that can have adverse consequences for adolescents. Current measures that assess TDV do not fully distinguish between psychological and relational forms of aggression, nor do they capture aggressive acts that are common within adolescent relationships. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Teen Dating Aggression Measure (TeDAM) using a sample of 730 Canadian adolescents (M = 15.88 years, SD = 1.23). The measure is an expansion of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory and includes items that describe other forms of violence such as coercion and control, along with more traditional indicators of dating violence (e.g., sexual aggression). Factor analyses yielded three factors, namely psychological aggression, sexual and physical aggression, and relational aggression, which were correlated with more frequent cannabis and alcohol use as well as rape myth acceptance. These results provide initial support for the utility of the TeDAM for assessing TDV with adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Persram
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tracy K Y Wong
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Chiaki Konishi
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Melanie A Dirks
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexa Martin-Storey
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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19
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Martin-Storey A, Dirks M, Holfeld B, Dryburgh NSJ, Craig W. Family relationship quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: The value of adolescent perceptions of change. J Adolesc 2021; 93:190-201. [PMID: 34801811 PMCID: PMC8585638 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents typically spend decreasing amounts of time with family members, but the COVID-19 pandemic changed this pattern for many youth. The objective of the current study was to better understand adolescents' perceived change in family relationship quality, and how these perceptions were related to psychosocial functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic, accounting for more traditional measures of family relationship quality. Understanding how adolescents perceived change in relationship quality with family members during the pandemic offers novel insight into adolescents' relationships with their families and psychosocial functioning during this period. METHOD A sample of Canadian adolescents (N = 605, ages 14 to 18, 53% girls), was employed to examine patterns of adolescents' perceived change in relationship quality with parents and siblings since the start of the pandemic, accounting for relationship quality, pandemic-related characteristics, and demographic variables. RESULTS Four latent profiles were identified: youth who perceived (1) low change, (2) improvement only, (3) moderate instability and (4) high instability in relationship quality. Higher perceived instability was associated with poorer functioning, with youth who reported only improvement reporting the highest overall level of functioning. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent perceptions of change in relationship quality were heterogeneous, and contribute to psychosocial functioning over and above their general evaluations of relationship quality. In particular, youth who perceive considerable change in their relationships with siblings and parents may require additional support in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Martin-Storey
- Group de Recherche et d'intervention sur les adaptations sociales de l'enfance, département de psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles Lemoyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Melanie Dirks
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Brett Holfeld
- Psychology Program, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 20 University Drive, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada.
| | - Nicole S J Dryburgh
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE The national prevalence of adolescent dating violence (ADV) in Canada is currently unknown. This study presents the first nationally representative Canadian data on prevalence and correlates of ADV victimization and perpetration. METHODS This study analyzed data from the 2017/2018 Health-Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) dataset. Youth from all 10 provinces and two territories participated. The analysis sample includes 3,711 participants (mean age = 15.35) in grades 9 and 10 who reported dating experience in the past 12 months. Youth were asked to report on physical, psychological and cyber ADV victimization and perpetration. To explore correlates of ADV, we included grade in school; gender (male, female or non-binary); race/ethnicity; family structure; immigration status; family affluence; food insecurity; and body mass index. RESULTS We found that over one in three Canadian youth who had dated experienced and/or used ADV in the past 12 months. Specifically, past 12-month ADV victimization prevalence was 11.8% (95% CI: 10.4, 13.0) for physical aggression; 27.8% (25.8, 30.0) for psychological aggression; and 17.5% (15.8, 19.0) for cyber aggression, while perpetration prevalence was 7.3% (6.2, 9.0) for physical aggression; 9.3% (8.0, 11.0) for psychological aggression; and 7.8% (6.7, 9.0) for cyber aggression. Both victimization and perpetration were highest among non-binary youth (as compared to cisgender males and females). Overall, use and experience of ADV was greatest among youth experiencing social marginalization (e.g., poverty). CONCLUSIONS ADV impacts a substantial minority of Canadian youth, and is a serious health problem. ADV prevention programs that focus on root causes of violence (e.g., poverty) are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Byrnes R, Chipman M, Priest Z, Schreiber C, Michaud J, Barbour T, Ferguson M, Craig W, Mallory L. Factors associated with interprofessional engagement in debriefing following pediatric simulation-based team training. J Interprof Care 2021:1-7. [PMID: 34137655 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2021.1928027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Simulation offers a high fidelity modality to deliver and study team-based interprofessional education. Debriefing the following simulated scenarios is a critical component of this training. Little data exist to inform best practices to optimize interprofessional engagement during debriefing. This pilot study analyzed interprofessional debriefing events following 20 pediatric simulation-based team trainings to identify associations between modifiable factors and learner engagement. Reviewers observed a total of 236 learners, using a previously published tool to assess learner engagement. Data related to the scenario, debriefing, learners, and facilitators were collected. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the association between factors of interest and average learner engagement scores for each debriefing event. Mean engagement did not differ between physicians and nurses, but was lower for other professionals. Average learner engagement was inversely related to learner group size, but not to the proportion of learners in each profession. Oral participation differed significantly between professions for both learners and co-facilitators, with physicians speaking more in both groups. Students of all professions had lower engagement and spoke less frequently. This study identifies several modifiable factors, including total group size, learner level, and facilitator behavior that were associated with interprofessional engagement during debriefing following simulation-based team training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Byrnes
- Office of Student Affairs, Tufts University School of Medicine- Maine Track, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Micheline Chipman
- The Hannaford Center for Safety, Innovation and Simulation, Department of Medical Education, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Zachary Priest
- Department of Nursing, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital at Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Christine Schreiber
- Department of Nursing, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital at Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Justin Michaud
- Department of Nursing, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital at Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Tracie Barbour
- The Hannaford Center for Safety, Innovation and Simulation, Department of Medical Education, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Michael Ferguson
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital at Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Wendy Craig
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Leah Mallory
- The Hannaford Center for Safety, Innovation and Simulation, Department of Medical Education, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital at Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
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22
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Cobb J, Craig W, Richard J, Snow E, Turcotte H, Warters R, Quaye A. Low-dose ketamine infusion for post-cesarean delivery analgesia in patients with opioid use disorder. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021; 47:103170. [PMID: 34090769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Cobb
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Craig
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
| | - J Richard
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - E Snow
- Family Birth Center, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - H Turcotte
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - R Warters
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA; Spectrum Healthcare Partners, South Portland, ME, USA
| | - A Quaye
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA; Spectrum Healthcare Partners, South Portland, ME, USA
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23
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Michaelson V, Donnelly P, Morrow W, King N, Craig W, Pickett W. Violence, Adolescence, and Canadian Religious Communities: A Quantitative Study. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:3613-3637. [PMID: 29806563 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518775160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to violence is recognized as a major health concern among adolescent populations. The evidence base that links religious involvement with risks for child violence is inconsistent. In a national analysis involving a weighted sample of 24,307 young people, we studied the perpetration of violence (fighting and bullying), as well as victimization by violence (bullying only), among young people who were affiliated with religious groups. One in four young Canadians reported involvement in such groups. Study findings confirmed some unique patterns among this group. First, these religiously involved children reported the same or greater levels of perpetration of violence than other children. Second, religiously involved children reported the same or greater levels of experiencing victimization from violence. Third, religious involvement appeared to protect against engagement in certain overt risk-taking behaviors, but not violence. These patterns were consistent even after adjustment for family, community, socioeconomic, and school-related determinants. If religious communities are to fulfill mandates that foster the protection and nurturing of children into healthy relationships, violence is best addressed using evidence-based strategies. Development of such effective preventive strategies requires the incorporation of contemporary evidence about the distribution, determinants, and possible effects of violence in such groups. Findings from our study suggest that a silence around the issue of violence may in fact be true in the context of some Canadian religious communities. Yet, if these communities make an intentional commitment to protecting children from violence and promoting healthy relationships, and are willing to learn from evidence-based practices that have shown to protect children from participating in and experiencing violent and victim behaviors, perhaps these disturbing trends could be reversed. This message is germane for all levels of leadership in Canadian religious communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nathan King
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Cyr PR, Craig W, Ahrns H, Stevens K, Wight C, Seiverling E. Teaching Skin Cancer Detection to Medical Students Using a Dermoscopic Algorithm. PRiMER 2021; 5:6. [PMID: 33860161 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2021.304379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Early detection of melanoma skin cancer improves survival rates. Training family physicians in dermoscopy with the triage amalgamated dermoscopic algorithm (TADA) has high sensitivity and specificity for identifying malignant skin neoplasms. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of TADA training among medical students, compared with practicing clinicians. Methods We incorporated the TADA framework into 90-minute workshops that taught dermoscopy to family physicians, primary care residents, and first- and second-year medical students. The workshop reviewed the clinical and dermoscopic features of benign and malignant skin lesions and included a hands-on interactive session using a dermatoscope. All participants took a 30-image pretest and a different 30-image posttest. Results Forty-six attending physicians, 25 residents, and 48 medical students participated in the workshop. Mean pretest scores were 20.1, 20.3, and 15.8 for attending physicians, resident physicians and students, respectively (P<.001); mean posttest scores were 24.5, 25.9, and 24.1, respectively (P=.11). Pre/posttest score differences were significant ( P<.001) for all groups. The medical students showed the most gain in their pretest and posttest scores. Conclusion After short dermoscopy workshop, medical students perform as well as trained physicians in identifying images of malignant skin lesions. Dermoscopy training may be a valuable addition to the medical school curriculum as this skill can be used by primary care physicians as well as multiple specialists including dermatologists, gynecologists, otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, and ophthalmologists, who often encounter patients with concerning skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy R Cyr
- Department of Family Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME
- and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Seiverling
- Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME
- and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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25
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Andrinas K, Craig W, Wax JR, Cobb J, Snow E, Quaye A. 548 Use of ketamine infusion in post cesarean pain management in patients with opioid use disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.12.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Faloon J, Bishop K, Craig W, Brock J. Characterizing the use of osteopathic manipulative medicine in the obstetric population by trimester and indications for use. J Osteopath Med 2021; 121:85-96. [PMID: 33512388 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2019-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Context Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) has been shown to successfully alleviate some pregnancy-related pain. However, most of the published data focuses on the third trimester and postpartum period or musculoskeletal indications. Objective To explore OMM use among obstetrical providers and determine the frequency of use by trimester and by clinical indications across multiple types of women's healthcare practices in Southern and Central Maine. Methods An anonymous, 43-item survey, presented in English, was emailed to 172 eligible providers (physicians, nurse practitioners, and certified nurse midwives with obstetrics privileges at one of two main delivery centers in southern and central Maine) via an encrypted database system in January 2018. Follow-up email reminders were sent weekly for three weeks. Questions addressed use of OMM for specific indications, knowledge of OMM, and perceived barriers use of OMM. Results The survey response rate was 73 of 172 (42%); 95% of respondents were physicians (n=69). Due to the low response rate of non-physicians, only data from physicians was included in the study. Data were summarized descriptively as frequencies (n [%]). The highest rates of OMM utilization were during the third trimester (35 [51.5%]) and postpartum (41 [60.3%]) periods, while the lowest rates of utilization were in the intrapartum (eight [11.9%]) and first trimester periods (26 [38.3%]). Osteopathic physicians (n=19) used OMM more frequently in the first, second, and third trimesters, as well as the intrapartum period (10 [52.6%]; 11 [57.9%]; 14 [73.7%]; and six [31.6%], respectively) compared with their allopathic physician (n=50) counterparts (nine [8%]; 15 [30%]; 21 [42%]; and two [4%], respectively). While osteopathic physicians reported higher frequencies of OMM use and referral for non-musculoskeletal indications such as constipation, edema, and nasal congestion (13 [68.4%]; 11 [57.9%]; 10 [52.6%], respectively), musculoskeletal complaints were the most frequently cited indication for OMM use among both osteopathic and allopathic physicians (low back, 67 [97.1%]; pelvis, 65 [94.2%]; coccyx, 50 [72.5%]; and head, 49 [71%]). Conclusion These results suggest that more education is needed about OMM use in the obstetric population, particularly during early trimesters and the intrapartum period, as well as for visceral and lymphatic complaints of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Faloon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs Faloon and Brock) , Maine Dartmouth Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine Plus One (Dr Bishop) and the Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center , Portland , ME , USA
| | - Karly Bishop
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs Faloon and Brock) , Maine Dartmouth Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine Plus One (Dr Bishop) and the Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center , Portland , ME , USA
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs Faloon and Brock) , Maine Dartmouth Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine Plus One (Dr Bishop) and the Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center , Portland , ME , USA
| | - Julia Brock
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs Faloon and Brock) , Maine Dartmouth Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine Plus One (Dr Bishop) and the Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center , Portland , ME , USA
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Pletch A, Craig W, Rappold J, Whiting J, Turner C. Study Strategies for General Surgery Residents Preparing for the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination: What to Keep, Discard, and Adopt. J Surg Educ 2021; 78:43-49. [PMID: 32694086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Undergraduate and graduate education research has stratified study strategies from low-utility to high-utility with respect to durable learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of these evidence-based learning strategies among surgery residents in preparation for the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE). DESIGN A 23-item survey was administered during individual interviews. It assessed whether they had a study plan, and the average length and frequency of their independent study, both during the year and the month prior to the ABSITE. Data were also collected on their primary resources and study strategies. Residents rated their usage of those strategies based on a 5-point Likert scale. SETTING Maine Medical Center, an academic tertiary care center located in Portland, ME. PARTICIPANTS All residents in the Department of Surgery. RESULTS Residents (n= 23) intensified their preparation for the ABSITE in the month prior to the exam compared to the remainder of the year, adopting study plans (87% vs 61%, p = 0.53) and increasing the time spent studying (median, 420 vs 120 minutes per week, p < 0.001). Primary resources used were textbooks (65%), ABSITE review books (26%) and online question banks (9%). All residents (100%) often or always used testing, but fewer residents often or always used spacing (24%), both considered high-utility strategies. Most residents (60%) often or always used highlighting, considered a low-utility strategy. There were no relationships between study strategies and ABSITE scores. CONCLUSIONS All residents use self-testing as a study strategy. Most underuse spacing and overuse highlighting. Further research is needed to establish the relationship between these study strategies and ABSITE scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Pletch
- Department of Surgery, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - Wendy Craig
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Joseph Rappold
- Department of Surgery, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - James Whiting
- Department of Surgery, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Lambe
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill A. Jacobson
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Bystrom R, Craig W, Rueter J, Lu-Emerson C. BIOM-23. MOLECULAR PROFILING IDENTIFIES NOVEL BIOMARKERS IN A RURAL COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The rural state of Maine has one of the highest incidences of primary malignant brain cancer in the United States. We sought to investigate the genomic landscape of glioblastoma (GBM) in Maine.
METHODS
Targeted next generation sequencing of 209 cancer related genes was performed on tumor samples from 60 patients diagnosed with GBM at our institution between 2014 and 2019. We compared mutation frequencies between patients grouped according to the published median overall survival for GBM: < 14 months (n = 14) and ≥ 14 months (n = 43, including 23 patients still alive). We excluded patients who were alive but diagnosed less than 14 months prior to analysis (n = 3).
RESULTS
Across all groups frequent molecular markers included EGFR (49%), TP53 (38%), CDKN2A (17.5%), PIK3R1 (15.8%), PDGFRA (12.2%), PIK3CA (10.5%), PTEN (19%), NF1 (10.5%) and IDH1/2 (10%); frequencies did not differ significantly between groups. MGMT methylation was similar between groups (6/14 (42.9%) in shorter survivors and 18/41 (43.9%) in longer survivors). FANC group mutations were more frequent in longer survivors (13/43 [30%] versus 0/14 [0%], p = 0.025). Among shorter survivors CDKN2A deletions were slightly more frequent (5/14 (45%) versus 5/43 (11%), p = 0.099). FES, KIAA1524, FLT (all 5/43,11.6%) and EPH (6/43, 14.0%) were only observed in longer survivors. These mutations co-occurred with 4/5 CDKN2A deletions in longer survivors. After excluding those 4 cases, CDKN2A deletions were significantly associated with shorter survival (5/14 [35.7%] versus 1/39 [2.6%]), p=0.004.
CONCLUSION
FANC group mutations may be a novel prognostic biomarker for longer survival in a rural cohort with GBM. CDKN2A deletions may be associated with shorter survival, but this may be ameliorated by co-occurring FES, KIAA1524, FLT, and EPH mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy Craig
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
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Curry C, Steen K, Craig W, Cary CW, Richard J, Babikian G. Does Deep Neuromuscular Blockade Improve Operating Conditions during Minimally Invasive Anterolateral Total Hip Replacements?: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2020; 12:e10328. [PMID: 33052289 PMCID: PMC7546586 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuromuscular blockade (NMB) is thought to improve operative conditions during certain procedures. Published descriptions of minimally invasive hip replacement techniques specify the need for “excellent relaxation”, however, the optimal degree of NMB required for such cases has not been studied. We performed a randomized, single-blind study comparing the effect of moderate and deep neuromuscular blockade on surgical conditions and operating time during minimally invasive anterolateral hip replacement. Vecuronium was administered to maintain moderate NMB (train-of-four count of 1-2) or deep NMB (train-of-four count of 0, post-tetanic count of 1-2). Methods In this study, 116 patients were randomized to receive moderate or deep neuromuscular blockade; depth of blockade was monitored using acceleromyography. The primary outcome was the number of requests from the surgeon for additional blockade intraoperatively. Secondary outcomes included operative times and assessment of the operative conditions by the surgeon utilizing the Leiden-Surgical Rating Scale. Results Cases with additional requests for blockade did not differ between the deep and moderate NMB groups (11/58, 19.0% vs 8/58, 13.8%); relative risk, 1.22 (95% CI [confidence interval], 0.70-2.15), p=0.62. Neither time from incision to prosthesis reduction (33.8±1.2 min vs. 32.6 ±1.2 min; difference in geometric mean, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.90-1.04] minutes, p=0.33), nor the surgeon’s assessment of operative conditions (p=0.88), differed between the deep or moderate NMB groups, respectively. Conclusions Deep NMB did not produce significantly improved operative conditions compared with moderate NMB. Routine use of deep NMB during minimally invasive anterolateral hip arthroplasty is not supported by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Curry
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, USA
| | - Kyle Steen
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, USA
| | - Wendy Craig
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, USA
| | - Christopher W Cary
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, USA
| | - Janelle Richard
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, USA
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Ricci S, Pinette MG, Wax JR, Craig W, Forrest L, Dragoni C. The effect of temperature on bacterial growth in the presence of nonsterile ultrasound coupling gel. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 222:188. [PMID: 31610151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ricci
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME
| | - Michael G Pinette
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME
| | - Joseph R Wax
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME.
| | - Wendy Craig
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME
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Zhang L, Cai C, Wang Z, Tao M, Liu X, Craig W. Adolescent-to-Mother Psychological Aggression: The Role of Father Violence and Maternal Parenting Style. Child Abuse Negl 2019; 98:104229. [PMID: 31648112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent-to-parent psychological aggression is often a precursor to physical aggression toward their parents. Recently, there have been 4 high-profile matricide cases that happened in China. To date, there is limited research in Confucian filial piety culture on child-to-parent psychological aggression, especially toward the mother who is overwhelming the target of children's aggression. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to explore the prevalence of adolescent-to-mother psychological aggression and examine the role of father violence and maternal parenting style in contributing to these behaviors in Confucian filial piety culture. METHODS Participants were 1134 students from 7 to 12 grade (M = 14 years, SD = 1.5) in Qingdao located in Shandong Province in east side of China where the Confucian Culture began. The instruments used were a demographics questionnaire, adolescent-to-mother psychological aggression questionnaire, father's violent behavior questionnaire and maternal parenting style questionnaire. RESULTS Two types of adolescent-to-mother psychological aggression were assessed: contempt and rebellion. The prevalence of adolescent-to-mother contempt and rebellion was 30.7% and 18.7%, respectively. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that father's conflict with grandparents, maternal control and over-protection were positively associated with adolescent's contempt for mother. Parents divorced, father's conflict with grandparents, father-to-mother physical violence and maternal rejection were positively associated with adolescent's rebellion against mother. Maternal emotional warmth was negatively associated with adolescent's contempt and rebellion against mother. CONCLUSION Adolescent-to-mother psychological aggression occurs within a broader family context of violence and disharmony. Observational learning of father's conflict with grandparents or violent behaviors toward mother maybe the mechanism of violence passing from generations. However, maternal emotional warmth buffered the negative association between father's conflict with grandparents and adolescent's contempt for mother. But maternal control and over-protection exacerbated the positive relationships between father's conflict with grandparents and adolescent's contempt for mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Qingdao University, China; Qingdao Mental and Psychological Health Institute, Qingdao University, China.
| | - Chen Cai
- Department of Psychology, Qingdao University, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Psychology, Qingdao University, China
| | - Mingda Tao
- Department of Psychology, Qingdao University, China; Qingdao Mental and Psychological Health Institute, Qingdao University, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Qingdao Mental and Psychological Health Institute, Qingdao University, China
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Devos Y, Craig W, Devlin RH, Ippolito A, Leggatt RA, Romeis J, Shaw R, Svendsen C, Topping CJ. Using problem formulation for fit-for-purpose pre-market environmental risk assessments of regulated stressors. EFSA J 2019; 17:e170708. [PMID: 32626445 PMCID: PMC7055725 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.e170708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre‐market/prospective environmental risk assessments (ERAs) contribute to risk analyses performed to facilitate decisions about the market introduction of regulated stressors. Robust ERAs begin with an explicit problem formulation, which involves among other steps: (1) formally devising plausible pathways to harm that describe how the deployment of a regulated stressor could be harmful; (2) formulating risk hypotheses about the likelihood and severity of such events; (3) identifying the information that will be useful to test the risk hypotheses; and (4) developing a plan to acquire new data for hypothesis testing should tests with existing information be insufficient for decision‐making. Here, we apply problem formulation to the assessment of possible adverse effects of RNA interference‐based insecticidal genetically modified (GM) plants, GM growth hormone coho salmon, gene drive‐modified mosquitoes and classical biological weed control agents on non‐target organisms in a prospective manner, and of neonicotinoid insecticides on bees in a retrospective manner. In addition, specific considerations for the problem formulation for the ERA of nanomaterials and for landscape‐scale population‐level ERAs are given. We argue that applying problem formulation to ERA maximises the usefulness of ERA studies for decision‐making, through an iterative process, because: (1) harm is defined explicitly from the start; (2) the construction of risk hypotheses is guided by policy rather than an exhaustive attempt to address any possible differences; (3) existing information is used effectively; (4) new data are collected with a clear purpose; (5) risk is characterised against well‐defined criteria of hypothesis corroboration or falsification; and (6) risk assessment conclusions can be communicated clearly. However, problem formulation is still often hindered by the absence of clear policy goals and decision‐making criteria (e.g. definition of protection goals and what constitutes harm) that are needed to guide the interpretation of scientific information. We therefore advocate further dialogue between risk assessors and risk managers to clarify how ERAs can address policy goals and decision‐making criteria. Ideally, this dialogue should take place for all classes of regulated stressors, as this can promote alignment and consistency on the desired level of protection and maximum tolerable impacts across regulated stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Devos
- GMO Unit European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Italy
| | - Wendy Craig
- Biosafety Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (ICGEB) Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jörg Romeis
- Research Division Agroecology and Environment Agroscope Switzerland
| | - Richard Shaw
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) United Kingdom
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Ecotoxicology and Chemical Risk Group United Kingdom Research and Innovation Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) United Kingdom
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Elgar FJ, Gariepy G, Dirks M, Walsh SD, Molcho M, Cosma A, Malinowska-Cieslik M, Donnelly PD, Craig W. Association of Early-Life Exposure to Income Inequality With Bullying in Adolescence in 40 Countries. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:e191181. [PMID: 31081857 PMCID: PMC6515581 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE While the association between income inequality and interpersonal violence has been attributed to the psychosocial effects of inequality (eg, increased class anxiety, reduced social capital), longitudinal evidence for this pathway is limited by a reliance on small ecological studies and cross-sectional data. The developmental consequences of early-life inequality for subsequent involvement in violence have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between income inequality during infancy and early childhood and adolescents' involvement in bullying others, experiences of being bullied, or both. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey study was conducted in European and North American schools. This analysis used individual data on bullying (being bullied, bullying others, or both) from 6 consecutive school-based surveys of 11-year-old to 15-year-old students carried out in 40 countries between February 1994 to March 2014. Data analysis occurred from March 2018 to January 2019. EXPOSURE National Gini indices of income inequality for every year of life spanning a 35-year period (1979 to 2014). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Being bullied, bullying others, and both outcomes were measured using a common definition and questions adapted from the Bully-Victim Questionnaire and translated to many languages. RESULTS The sample included 425 938 male students and 448 265 female students from 162 country-survey year groups in 29 196 schools. Linear regression coefficients indicated that early-life income inequality from birth to 4 years was positively associated with being bullied (male students: linear regression coefficient, 18.26 [95% CI, 11.04-25.47]; P < .001; female students: linear regression coefficient, 15.67 [95% CI, 10.02-21.33]; P < .001), and dual involvement in being bullied and bullying others (male students: linear regression coefficient, 5.55 [95% CI, 2.67-8.44]; P < .001; female students: linear regression coefficient, 2.45 [95% CI, 0.93-3.97]; P < .001), after differences in lifetime mean income inequality (from birth to when bullying was measured), national per capita income, family socioeconomic position, age, and cohort were controlled. No such association was found with bullying others after differences in being bullied were controlled. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Being bullied is associated with early-life exposure to income inequality. Although further research on the underlying pathways is needed to guide intervention, these results suggest temporality in the association between inequality and violence and suggest that growing up in areas of high income inequality is associated with victimization in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Elgar
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Genevieve Gariepy
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Now with Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melanie Dirks
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sophie D. Walsh
- Department of Criminology, Bar Ian University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Molcho
- School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alina Cosma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Malinowska-Cieslik
- Department of Environmental Health, Health Sciences Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Peter D. Donnelly
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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McIver TA, Bosma RL, Goegan S, Sandre A, Klassen J, Chiarella J, Booij L, Craig W. Functional connectivity across social inclusion and exclusion is related to peer victimization and depressive symptoms in young adults. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:366-375. [PMID: 31078837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer victimization is associated with increased risk for depression, as well as increased neural response to social exclusion in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala. Altered functional connectivity (FxC) of fronto-limbic circuitry is associated with risk for various affective disorders. The present study examined the relationship between fronto-limbic FxC during social exclusion, prior peer victimization experience and depressive symptoms. METHODS Three mutually exclusive groups were formed: peer victimized (with a history of peer victimization), defenders (history of defending peers), and controls (no prior peer victimization experience) (n = 15/group; Mage = 17.7 years). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data were collected while participants completed the Cyberball paradigm (simulating the experience of social exclusion). FxC between the Medial Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC), ACC, right insula and left amygdala, was compared between groups and examined in relation to depressive symptoms. RESULTS Prior peer victimization experience was associated with differences in fronto-limbic FxC across social inclusion and exclusion. Defenders displayed distinct shifts in FxC across the transition from being included to excluded. Peer victimized individuals exhibited a unique pattern of amygdala-specific FxC during inclusive interaction with peers, and in the continuous FxC across inclusion and exclusion. FxC of the MPFC-amygdala across inclusion and exclusion moderated the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Small sample size and cross-sectional design limit interpretation of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Peer victimized individuals who exhibit continuous positive FxC of the MPFC-left amygdala across inclusion and exclusion may be at greater risk for depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A McIver
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rachael L Bosma
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sarah Goegan
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Janell Klassen
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Julian Chiarella
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Abstract
Youth who experience peer victimization are at risk of developing mental health problems. However, little is known about the emotional causal mechanisms linking peer victimization with these negative outcomes. This study investigated whether shame mediated this relationship. At three time points (T1-T3), 396 10- to 13-year-olds completed measures of peer victimization, shame (characterological, bodily, and behavioral; shame proneness), and mental health (depression, social anxiety, and externalizing behavior). Three multiple mediation models tested the indirect effects of T1 victimization on T3 mental health through the four T2 shame-related variables. Analyses revealed indirect effects for the shame-related mediators on depression, social anxiety, and externalizing behaviors. Specifically, indirect positive effects for characterological and bodily shame on depression and social anxiety were found, with greater bodily shame linked to higher levels of social anxiety in girls but not boys. In addition, an indirect negative effect for behavioral shame on externalizing problems was found, with higher levels of externalizing problems in victimized boys but not in girls. Finally, an indirect positive effect for shame proneness and externalizing problems was found. To clarify the directionality, three additional mediation models were run with mental health symptoms as predictors of shame and subsequent victimization. Indirect effects for the shame-related mediators were found for all outcomes, specifically bodily shame and shame proneness as mediators between internalizing and externalizing symptoms and victimization. These three models were compared and contrasted with the hypothesized models. In sum, findings support the role of shame as an underlying emotional mechanism of peer victimization, and may guide intervention programs to address the mental health concerns of victimized youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce Li
- 2 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- 2 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Cairo SB, Craig W, Gutheil C, Han PKJ, Hyrkas K, Macken L, Whiting JF. Quantitative Analysis of Surgical Residency Reform: Using Case-Logs to Evaluate Resident Experience. J Surg Educ 2019; 76:25-35. [PMID: 30195662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curricular changes at a mid-sized surgical training program were developed to rebalance clinical rotations, optimize education over service, decrease the size of service teams, and integrate apprenticeship-type experiences. This study quantifies the operative experience before and after implementation as part of a mixed-methods program evaluation. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of case-log data and data from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program: quality in-training initiative to evaluate case volume pre- and postintervention. RESULTS 11,365 cases, excluding "first-assistant" and "endoscopic" cases, were logged for an average of 291 and 263 cases/resident pre- and postintervention, respectively. Average case volume increased significantly for postgraduate year (PGY) 3 residents and decreased significantly for PGY 4 residents between the two time periods. Variability was observed among residents at the same PGY level both pre- and postintervention, with coefficients of variation of 6.0% to 34.1% in 2014 to 2015 and 11.2% to 66.8% in 2015 to 2016. Inter-resident variability persisted when comparing a specific procedure between ACGME case-log and quality in-training initiative data sets. CONCLUSION The data suggest that inter-resident variability in case load is not an artifact of case logging behavior alone, but may reflect personal preferences and choices in case selection that are not impacted by curriculum change. Logging behavior and accuracy of case-logs may contribute to variability. The shift in case load from PGY 4 to PGY 3 after curriculum implementation requires validation by ongoing analysis of ACGME case-log data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Cairo
- Maine Medical Center Department of Surgery, Portland, Maine; Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Wendy Craig
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE) and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine
| | - Caitlin Gutheil
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE) and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine
| | - Paul K J Han
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE) and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine; Palliative Medicine, Hospice of Southern Maine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Kristiina Hyrkas
- Center for Nursing Research and Quality Outcomes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - Lynda Macken
- Center for Nursing Research and Quality Outcomes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - James F Whiting
- Maine Medical Center Department of Surgery, Portland, Maine; Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery, Tufts University School of Medicine at Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
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Christian E, Craig W, Thakarar K. 1319. Examining PrEP Knowledge and Prescribing Likelihood Among Medical Residents Before and After PrEP Education. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018. [PMCID: PMC6252957 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective for HIV prevention, but prescribing rates remain low. We examined the effect of an educational intervention on PrEP knowledge and prescribing likelihood among medical residents. Methods This was a prospective study using a convenience sample of Internal Medicine and Internal Medicine-Pediatrics residents at a tertiary care center in Portland, Maine. Participants attended a resident-led teaching session on PrEP and completed pre- and post-session surveys. PrEP knowledge was measured with five questions (definition, evidence, patient selection criteria, medication choice, and guidelines), and prescribing likelihood was assessed on a Likert scale. Participants identified motivating factors and barriers to prescribing. Survey data were analyzed with McNemar’s test or a paired Student’s t test as appropriate. Results Thirty residents completed the study; of these, 24 (83%) had at least 1 patient that they considered at high risk for HIV, and 14 (46%) reported having >5 such patients. None had ever prescribed PrEP. Average PrEP knowledge score increased after the intervention (pre = 2.33 vs. post = 4.1, P < 0.001). After the intervention, more participants reported that they would be likely to prescribe PrEP (pre = 76% vs. post = 90%, P = 0.014), fewer identified unfamiliarity with PrEP guidelines as a barrier (pre = 73% vs. post = 27%, P < 0.001), and Òother residents are prescribing PrEPÓ became a significant motivating factor (pre = 47% vs. post = 70%, P = 0.04). Preceptor comfort with prescribing PrEP was a consistently important influence on prescribing likelihood (90% vs. 82%, P = 0.22). Conclusion Familiarity with PrEP is relevant to resident practice, and an educational intervention is effective in the short term for addressing inadequate knowledge as a barrier to offering PrEP. Resident practice is influenced by preceptors and peers, suggesting that it may be helpful to include attending physicians in future PrEP education efforts at our institution. ![]()
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Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Christian
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy Craig
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Kinna Thakarar
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
- Infectious Disease, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
- InterMed Infectious Disease, Portland, Maine
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39
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Abstract
Emotional reactions to peer victimization may increase risk for subsequent peer victimization. In the present study, we investigated whether shame mediated the development of chronic peer victimization, i.e., young people's experiences of being bullied persistently across time. We used a multiple mediation model to test the indirect effects of Time-1 victimization on Time-3 victimization (1 year later) through 4 Time-2 shame-related variables (characterological, bodily, and behavioral shame; shame proneness) for 396 youth (10-13 years of age). The total indirect effect of Time-1 victimization on Time-3 victimization through the 4 shame-related mediators was statistically significant. Analyses revealed specific indirect positive effects for bodily shame and shame proneness. Findings suggest that shame may be an emotional mechanism underlying chronic peer victimization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Hodgins Z, Kelley E, Kloosterman P, Hall L, Hudson CC, Furlano R, Craig W. Brief Report: Do You See What I See? The Perception of Bullying in Male Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 50:1822-1826. [PMID: 30171508 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although there is evidence to suggest that adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty interpreting complex social situations, little is known about their understanding of bullying. Given the high rates of victimization in this population, it is important to investigate how adolescents with ASD comprehend bullying. Male adolescents with ASD and IQ-matched typically-developing (TD) controls (Mage = 14.62, SD = 1.91) watched six videos portraying bullying scenarios and were interviewed after each video. The interviews were coded for the participants' understanding of the bullying scenarios. Results indicated that adolescents with ASD had significantly lower bullying understanding scores than TD adolescents. These novel findings suggest that male adolescents with ASD understand bullying differently than their TD peers. Implications for experiences with victimization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Hodgins
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch St., Kingston, ON, Canada.,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch St., Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Patricia Kloosterman
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch St., Kingston, ON, Canada.,Fleming College, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Layla Hall
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch St., Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Chloe C Hudson
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch St., Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rosaria Furlano
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch St., Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch St., Kingston, ON, Canada
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Stewart I, Spratt L, Craig W, Olshan J, Spratt D. The efficacy of testosterone or estradiol therapy without a GnRH agonist or progestin to suppress endogenous gonadal activity in transgender patients. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Ndolo DO, Wach M, Rüdelsheim P, Craig W. A Curriculum-Based Approach to Teaching Biosafety Through eLearning. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:42. [PMID: 29755974 PMCID: PMC5932367 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anyone working in biosafety capacity enhancement faces the challenge of ensuring that the impact of a capacity enhancing activity continues and becomes sustainable beyond the depletion of funding. Many training efforts face the limitation of one-off events: they only reach those people present at the time. It becomes incumbent upon the trainees to pass on the training to colleagues as best they can, whilst the demand for the training never appears to diminish. However, beyond the initial effort to establish the basic content, repeating capacity enhancement events in different locations is usually not economically feasible. Also, the lack of infrastructure and other resources needed to support a robust training programme hinder operationalizing a "train-the-trainer" approach to biosafety training. One way to address these challenges is through the use of eLearning modules that can be delivered online, globally, continuously, at low cost, and on an as-needed basis to multiple audiences. Once the modules are developed and peer-reviewed, they can be maintained on a remote server and made available to various audiences through a password-protected portal that delivers the programme content, administers preliminary and final exams, and provides the administrative infrastructure to register users and track their progress through the modules. Crucial to the implementation of such an eLearning programme is an approach in which the modules are intentionally developed together as a cohesive curriculum. Once developed, such a curriculum can be released as a stand-alone programme for the training of governmental risk assessors and regulators or used as accredited components in post-graduate degree programmes in biosafety, at minimal cost to the government or university. Examples from the portfolio of eLearning modules developed by the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) are provided to demonstrate these key features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis O Ndolo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Wach
- Michael Wach Consulting, Salem, OR, United States
| | | | - Wendy Craig
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
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Gonzalez K, Zuckerman J, Sears E, Prato B, Guill M, Craig W, Milliard C, Parker E, Lever T, Griffin M, Leclair L. Exploring probiotic use in a regional cystic fibrosis consortium. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 17:e20-e21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mende SB, Frey HU, Rider K, Chou C, Harris SE, Siegmund OHW, England SL, Wilkins C, Craig W, Immel TJ, Turin P, Darling N, Loicq J, Blain P, Syrstad E, Thompson B, Burt R, Champagne J, Sevilla P, Ellis S. The Far Ultra-Violet imager on the ICON mission. Space Sci Rev 2017; 212:655-696. [PMID: 33758431 PMCID: PMC7983872 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-017-0386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ICON Far UltraViolet (FUV) imager contributes to the ICON science objectives by providing remote sensing measurements of the daytime and nighttime atmosphere/ionosphere. During sunlit atmospheric conditions, ICON FUV images the limb altitude profile in the shortwave (SW) band at 135.6 nm and the longwave (LW) band at 157 nm perpendicular to the satellite motion to retrieve the atmospheric O/N2 ratio. In conditions of atmospheric darkness, ICON FUV measures the 135.6 nm recombination emission of O+ ions used to compute the nighttime ionospheric altitude distribution. ICON Far UltraViolet (FUV) imager is a CzernyTurner design Spectrographic Imager with two exit slits and corresponding back imager cameras that produce two independent images in separate wavelength bands on two detectors. All observations will be processed as limb altitude profiles. In addition, the ionospheric 135.6 nm data will be processed as longitude and latitude spatial maps to obtain images of ion distributions around regions of equatorial spread F. The ICON FUV optic axis is pointed 20 degrees below local horizontal and has a steering mirror that allows the field of view to be steered up to 30 degrees forward and aft, to keep the local magnetic meridian in the field of view. The detectors are micro channel plate (MCP) intensified FUV tubes with the phosphor fiber-optically coupled to Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs). The dual stack MCP-s amplify the photoelectron signals to dominate the CCD noise and the rapidly scanned frames are co-added to digitally create 12-second integrated images. Digital on-board signal processing is used to compensate for geometric distortion and satellite motion and to achieve data compression. The instrument was originally aligned in visible light by using a special grating and visible cameras. Final alignment, functional and environmental testing and calibration were performed in a large vacuum chamber with a UV source. The test and calibration program showed that ICON FUV meets its design requirements and is ready to be launched on the ICON spacecraft.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Loicq
- Centre Spatial de Liege (CSL)
| | - P Blain
- Centre Spatial de Liege (CSL)
| | - E Syrstad
- Space Dynamics Lab., Utah State University
| | - B Thompson
- Space Dynamics Lab., Utah State University
| | - R Burt
- Space Dynamics Lab., Utah State University
| | | | - P Sevilla
- Space Dynamics Lab., Utah State University
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Stone P, Rizzolo K, Craig W, Pinz I, McCrum B, Qazi M, May T, Riker R, Seder D. Postresuscitation Experience of Obese and Underweight Patients After Cardiac Arrest. Chest 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.08.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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46
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McFarland J, Craig W, Clarke NJ, Spratt DI. Serum Testosterone Concentrations Remain Stable Between Injections in Patients Receiving Subcutaneous Testosterone. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:1095-1103. [PMID: 29264562 PMCID: PMC5686655 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Intramuscular (IM) testosterone is the most common modality for testosterone therapy of both male hypogonadism and female-to-male (FTM) gender transition. However, IM injections can be painful and often are not self-administered by the patient. The objective of this study was to further characterize subcutaneous (SC) administration of testosterone as an effective and safe alternative to IM injections by evaluating the pharmacodynamics of serum total and free testosterone concentrations between weekly testosterone injections. Methods: Eleven FTM transgender patients already receiving weekly SC testosterone cypionate with documented therapeutic levels prior to enrollment had free and total serum testosterone levels measured at eight different time points during a 1-week dosing interval. Results: Mean levels of total and free testosterone were stable and remained well within the normal range between injections. Overall mean ± standard deviation levels for the seven samples taken between injections were 627 ± 206 ng/dL (range, 205 to 1410) for total testosterone and 146 ± 51 pg/mL (range, 38 to 348) for free testosterone. No adverse effects were encountered. Conclusions: The results of this study support use of SC testosterone to achieve therapeutic and stable serum testosterone levels for the purpose of gender transition. It is anticipated that these results can be extended to hypogonadal men. This route may be preferred over IM testosterone because it is relatively painless and easy to self-inject thus allowing for the convenience and economy of patient self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie McFarland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine 04102
| | - Wendy Craig
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | | | - Daniel I Spratt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine 04102
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Spratt DI, Stewart II, Savage C, Craig W, Spack NP, Chandler DW, Spratt LV, Eimicke T, Olshan JS. Subcutaneous Injection of Testosterone Is an Effective and Preferred Alternative to Intramuscular Injection: Demonstration in Female-to-Male Transgender Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2349-2355. [PMID: 28379417 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Testosterone (T) is commonly administered intramuscularly to treat hypogonadal males and female-to-male (FTM) transgender patients. However, these injections can involve significant discomfort and may require arrangements for administration by others. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether T could be administered effectively and safely subcutaneously as an alternative to intramuscular (IM) injections. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Outpatient reproductive endocrinology clinic at an academic medical center. PATIENTS Sixty-three FTM transgender patients aged >18 years electing to receive subcutaneous (SC) T therapy for sex transition were included. Fifty-three patients were premenopausal. INTERVENTION Patients were administered T cypionate or enanthate weekly at an initial dose of 50 mg. Dose was adjusted if needed to achieve serum total T levels within the normal male range. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Serum concentrations of free and total T and total estradiol (E2), masculinization, and surveillance for reactions at injection sites. RESULTS Serum T levels within the normal male range were achieved in all 63 patients with doses of 50 to 150 mg (median, 75/80 mg). Therapy was effective across a wide range of body mass index (19.0 to 49.9 kg/m2). Minor and transient local reactions were reported in 9 out of 63 patients. Among 53 premenopausal patients, 51 achieved amenorrhea and 35 achieved serum E2 concentrations <50 pg/mL. Twenty-two patients were originally receiving IM and switched to SC therapy. All 22 had a mild (n = 2) or marked (n = 20) preference for SC injections; none preferred IM injections. CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate that SC T injections are an effective, safe, and well-accepted alternative to IM T injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Spratt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine 04102
| | - India I Stewart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine 04102
| | - Clara Savage
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine 04102
| | - Wendy Craig
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04704
| | - Norman P Spack
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | - Lindsey V Spratt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine 04102
| | - Toni Eimicke
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine 04102
| | - Jerrold S Olshan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine 04102
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Abstract
In this article, the authors review research to identify bullying as a critical public health issue for Canada. Drawing from recent World Health Organization surveys, they examine the prevalence of Canadian children and youth involved in bullying others or being victimized. There is a strong association between involvement in bullying and health problems for children who bully, those who are victimized and those involved in both bullying and being victimized. Health problems can manifest as physical complaints (e.g., headaches), mental health concerns (e.g., depression, anxiety) and psychosocial problems (e.g., substance use, crime). In Canada, there has recently been a disturbing incidence of Canadian children who have committed suicide as a result of prolonged victimization by peers. Healthcare professionals play a major role in protecting and promoting the health and well-being of Canadian children and youth. Given the significant mental and physical health problems associated with involvement in bullying, it is important that clinicians, especially primary care healthcare professionals, be able to identify signs and symptoms of such involvement. Healthcare professionals can play an essential role supporting children and their parents and advocating for the safety and protection for those at risk. By understanding bullying as a destructive relationship problem that significantly impacts physical and mental health, healthcare professionals can play a major role in promoting healthy relationships and healthy development for all Canadian children and youth. This review provides an overview of the nature of bullying and the physical and psychological health problems associated with involvement in bullying. The review is followed by a discussion of the implications for health professionals and a protocol for assessing the potential link between bullying and a child's physical and psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra J Pepler
- MSc, PhD, is scientific co-director of PREVNet (Promoting Relationships and Eliminating Violence Network), Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology at York University and senior adjunct scientist at the Hospital for Sick Children, in Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Wendy Craig
- MA, PhD, is scientific co-director of PREVNet (Promoting Relationships and Eliminating Violence Network) and Professor of Psychology at Queen's University, in Kingston, Ontario
| | - Samantha Yamada
- Med, MA, PhD (candidate), is a member of the Department of Psychology, York University, in Toronto, Ontario
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Napoletano A, Elgar FJ, Saul G, Dirks M, Craig W. The View From the Bottom: Relative Deprivation and Bullying Victimization in Canadian Adolescents. J Interpers Violence 2016; 31:3443-3463. [PMID: 25985976 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515585528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relation between relative deprivation (RD)-disparity in affluence between adolescents and their more affluent schoolmates-and involvement in bullying among 23,383 students (aged 9-19) in 413 schools that participated in the 2010 Canadian Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey. Students reported family affluence and frequency of bullying victimization and perpetration during the previous 2 months. Using the Yitzhaki index of RD and multinomial logistic regression analysis, we found that RD positively related to three types of bullying victimization (physical, relational, and cyberbullying) and to two types of perpetration (relational and cyberbullying) after differences in absolute affluence were held constant. These findings suggest that RD uniquely contributes to risk of bullying involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Saul
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Wendy Craig
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Volk AA, Craig W, Boyce W, King M. Perceptions of Parents, Mental Health, and School Among Canadian Adolescents from the Provinces and the Northern Territories. Canadian Journal of School Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0829573506298470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined whether perceptions of parents and personal mental health significantly influenced perceptions of school achievement and enjoyment in a large sample of Canadian adolescents. Responses from more than 10,000 Canadian adolescents in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey were used to create a Parental Support Index, a Mental Health Index, and a School Index. They found a significant, medium-sized effect between the parent index and the school index. They found a similar but smaller effect for mental health. The findings were consistent for adolescents across the 10 southern provinces. However, among adolescents from the two northern territories the Parental Support Index was not significant whereas demographic factors and mental health played a larger role in predicting scores on the School Index.
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