1
|
Walter U, Buchmann J, Sülldorf A, Dück A, Russnak A, Hässler F, Berger C. Transcranial sonography of subcortical structures in tic/tourette disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:18-22. [PMID: 38830296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies demonstrate disinhibition of the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit. However, structural imaging studies revealed conflicting results, some suggesting smaller volumes of the caudate nucleus (CN) in children with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS). Here we wanted to find out whether transcranial sonography (TCS) detects alterations of raphe nuclei, substantia nigra, lenticular nucleus (LN), or CN in children with Tic disorder or TS (TIC/TS).The study included 25 treatment-naive children (age: 12.2 ± 2.5 years) with a DSM-V based diagnosis of Tic disorder or TS (10 subjects), without other psychiatric or neurologic diagnosis, and 25 healthy controls (age: 12.17 ± 2.57 years), matched for age and sex. Parental rating of behavioral, emotional abnormalities, somatic complaints and social competencies of the participants were assessed using the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL/4-18R). TCS of deep brain structures was conducted through the preauricular acoustic bone windows using a 2.5-MHz phased-array ultrasound system. Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney-U test were used for comparisons between TIC/TS patients and healthy volunteers. The number of participants with hyperechogenic area of left CN in the TIC/TS sample was increased, compared to the healthy control group. TIC/TS patients with hyperechogenic CN showed an increased occurrence of thought- and obsessive-compulsive problems. This TCS study revealed pathologic structural changes in CN, its higher occurrence in TIC/TS compared to healthy controls and the relation to comorbidity of thought problems. Further research should focus on the molecular cause of these alterations, probably the disturbed iron metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Walter
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy in Childhood and Adolescence, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Sülldorf
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy in Childhood and Adolescence, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Dück
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy in Childhood and Adolescence, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Antonia Russnak
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Hässler
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy in Childhood and Adolescence, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Berger
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy in Childhood and Adolescence, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bae EB, Han KM. A structural equation modeling approach using behavioral and neuroimaging markers in major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 171:246-255. [PMID: 38325105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has consistently proven to be a multifactorial and highly comorbid disease. Despite recent depression-related research demonstrating causalities between MDD-related factors and a small number of variables, including brain structural changes, a high-statistical power analysis of the various factors is yet to be conducted. We retrospectively analyzed data from 155 participants (84 healthy controls and 71 patients with MDD). We used magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging data, scales assessing childhood trauma, depression severity, cognitive dysfunction, impulsivity, and suicidal ideation. To simultaneously evaluate the causalities between multivariable, we implemented two types of MDD-specified structural equation models (SEM), the behavioral and neurobehavioral models. Behavioral SEM showed significant results in the MDD group: Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 1.000, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA]) = 0.000), with a strong correlation in the scales for childhood trauma, depression severity, suicidal ideation, impulsivity, and cognitive dysfunction. Based on behavioral SEM, we established neurobehavioral models showing the best-fit in MDD, especially including the right cingulate cortex, central to the posterior corpus callosum, right putamen, pallidum, whole brainstem, and ventral diencephalon, including the thalamus (CFI >0.96, RMSEA <0.05). Our MDD-specific model revealed that the limbic-associated regions are strongly connected with childhood trauma rather than depression severity, and that they independently affect suicidal ideation and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, cognitive dysfunction could affect impulsivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bit Bae
- Research Institute for Medical Bigdata Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gafarov VV, Gromova EA, Gubina MA, Gagulin IV, Maksimov VN, Gafarova AV. [The association of polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 with depression]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:135-139. [PMID: 38465822 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2024124021135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship of polymorphic variants of the SLC6A4 gene with depression among people aged 25-44 years in Novosibirsk. MATERIAL AND METHODS Under the WHO program «MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY)», a random representative sample of people aged 25-44 years from the population of the Oktyabrsky district of Novosibirsk (men n=725, mean age 43.4±0.4 years, response - 71.3%, women n=710, mean age 44.8±0.4 years, response - 72%). Depression was assessed using the MONICA-MOPSY psychosocial questionnaire. Every fourth respondent was examined for polymorphic variants of 5HTTLPR-VNTR SNP rs25531 A>G of the SLC6A4 gene. The study was carried out within the framework of the budget topic Reg. No. 122031700094-5. RESULTS The high level of depression among people aged 25-44 was 12.8% (for men 9.1%, for women - 15.92%); the average level of depression occurred in 24.5% of the population (among men in 21.24%, among women in 26.76%) (χ2=17.071, df=2, p<0.001). The most common genotype of the SLC6A4 gene, among people aged 25--4 years old in Novosibirsk, was SLA - 43.29%, LALA - 26.53% - in second place, SS - 17.87% - third, LALG - 6 genotypes were less represented genotypes. 74%, SLG - 4.18%, LGLG - 1.39%. Carrying the SLA genotype (53.3% and 63.6%) increased the chance of developing both the average level of depression by 2.359 (95% CI 1.278-4.355) times, and depression in general by 1.933 (95% CI 1.142-3.271) times, compared with persons carrying the LALA genotype (32.0% and 46.9%), (χ2=7.674, df=1, p<0.01 and χ2=6.095, df=1, p<0.05). Persons carrying the LALG genotype (54.5%) also had a higher chance of developing a mean level of depression RR=2.929 (95% CI 1.039-8.261), compared with carriers of the LALA genotype (32.0%) (χ2=4.326, df =1, p<0.05) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Associative links between polymorphic variants of the SLC6A4 gene and depression have been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Gafarov
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Gromova
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M A Gubina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I V Gagulin
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V N Maksimov
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Gafarova
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Han R, Liu K, Xing Y. Hypoechogenicity of the midbrain raphe detected by transcranial sonography: an imaging biomarker for depression in migraine patients. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2021; 14:17562864211007708. [PMID: 33912243 PMCID: PMC8047820 DOI: 10.1177/17562864211007708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high comorbidity of migraine and depression is suggestive of shared risk factors or common mechanisms between the two diseases. In individuals with a depressive disorder, there is a high prevalence of altered midbrain raphe (MBR) echogenicity, detectable via transcranial sonography (TCS), that is suggested to be linked with a dysfunction of the serotoninergic system. In patients with migraine, this alteration has seldom been explored in earlier studies, and conclusions are often lacking. Our study aimed to elucidate whether this alteration is specific to migraine and to determine whether it is related with depression. Methods This study enrolled patients with migraine (n = 100, 72% female) and patients with tension-type headache disorders (TTH) (n = 62, 78.5% female) from a headache clinic. In addition, 79 healthy subjects (79.7% female) were recruited as controls. All participants underwent a standard interview to evaluate headache information and an interview with psychiatrists for depression evaluation. TCS examinations were performed on all participants. Results Patients with migraine had a higher rate of MBR hypoechogenicity (28%) compared with that of healthy controls (15.2%) and that of patients with TTH (12.9%). In patients with migraine, reduced MBR echogenicity was associated with depressive symptoms assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). No association between migraine self-medication and MBR echogenicity was found. Conclusion Reduced-echoic MBR detected by TCS is prevalent in migraine patients and is associated with depressive symptoms. TCS-detected hypoechogenic MBR abnormality could be an imaging biomarker of depressive symptoms in patients with migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YiShui Zhang
- Neuroscience Centre, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Neuroscience Centre, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruoyun Han
- Neuroscience Centre, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangding Liu
- Neuroscience Centre, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yingqi Xing
- Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Centre of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fratelli C, Siqueira J, Silva C, Ferreira E, Silva I. 5HTTLPR Genetic Variant and Major Depressive Disorder: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1260. [PMID: 33114535 PMCID: PMC7692865 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a disease that involves biological, psychological, and social interactions. Studies have shown the importance of genetics contribution to MDD development. The SCL6A4 protein (5HTTLPR) functions transporting serotonin, a neurotransmitter linked to mood and emotion, to the synaptic cleft. Hence, this study seeks, through a literature review, a better comprehension of the 5HTTLPR genetic variant association with MDD. For this purpose, a search was performed on the Virtual Health Library Portal for articles that related 5HTTLPR to MDD. Most of the articles found were conducted in the American continent, with one (1) study implemented in Brazil. 5HTTLPR associations were found regarding changes in the nervous system, pharmacology, and risk factors seen in MDD patients. When verifying the allelic distribution, the S allele had a higher frequency in most of the studies analyzed. Despite not finding a commonality in the different studies, the tremendous genetic variation found demonstrates the MDD complexity. For this reason, further studies in diverse populations should be conducted to assist in the understanding and treatment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fratelli
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Campus Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil;
| | - Jhon Siqueira
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (J.S.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Calliandra Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (J.S.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (J.S.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Izabel Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil; (J.S.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Siragusa MA, Réméniéras JP, Bouakaz A, Escoffre JM, Patat F, Dujardin PA, Brizard B, Belzung C, Camus V, El-Hage W, Desmidt T. A systematic review of ultrasound imaging and therapy in mental disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 101:109919. [PMID: 32169563 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that ultrasound (US) imaging may provide biomarkers and therapeutic options in mental disorders. We systematically reviewed the literature to provide a global overview of the possibilities of US for psychiatry. METHODS Original English language articles published between January 2000 and September 2019 were identified through databases searching and analyzed to summarize existing evidence according to PRISMA methodology. RESULTS A total of 81 articles were included. Various US techniques and markers have been used in mental disorders, including Transcranial Doppler and Intima-Media Thickness. Most of the studies have focused on characterizing the pathophysiology of mental disorders, especially vascular physiology. Studies on therapeutic applications are still scarce. DISCUSSION US imaging has proved to be useful in characterizing vascular impairment and structural and functional brain changes in mental disorders. Preliminary findings also suggest potential interests for therapeutic applications. Growing evidence suggests that US imaging could provide a non-invasive, portable and low-cost tool for pathophysiological characterization, prognostic assessment and therapeutic applications in mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ayache Bouakaz
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | | | - Frédéric Patat
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CHU de Tours, Tours, France; CIC 1415, CHU Tours, Inserm, Tours Cedex, France
| | | | - Bruno Brizard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | | | - Vincent Camus
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CHU de Tours, Tours, France; CIC 1415, CHU Tours, Inserm, Tours Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Desmidt
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CHU de Tours, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Şenel B, Özel-Kızıl ET, Sorgun MH, Tezcan-Aydemir S, Kırıcı S. Transcranial sonography imaging of brainstem raphe, substantia nigra and cerebral ventricles in patients with geriatric depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:702-711. [PMID: 32100326 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Geriatric depression is a special condition associated with a chronic course, treatment resistance and vascular processes. However, its neurobiology has not been fully elucidated. There is no study in geriatric depression evaluating deep brain structures with transcranial sonography (TCS) which is a low-cost, non-invasive and practical tool. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in the echogenicity of brainstem raphe (BR), substantia nigra (SN) and ventricular diameters by TCS in association with cognitive dysfunctions in patients with geriatric depression. METHODS Echogenicity of BR and SN were assessed and transverse diameters of the third ventricle and frontal horns of the lateral ventricles were measured by TCS in 34 patients with DSM-5 major depression and 31 healthy volunteers aged 60 and older. Cognitive functions were evaluated by using Mini Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool, Clock Drawing Test and Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire. RESULTS Although depressed patients had more subjective memory complaints than controls, they had similar cognitive performances. Reduced echogenicity (interrupted/invisible echogenic line) of BR was found to be significantly higher and the ventricular diameters were larger in the depressed group. There was no difference between the groups in terms of SN echogenicity. There was no correlation between ventricular diameters and depression severity or cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study are important in terms of pointing out neurobiological changes related to geriatric depression which are in parallel with the results of the studies in younger patients with depression. However, long-term follow-up studies are required for accurate differentiation of neurocognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Başak Şenel
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erguvan T Özel-Kızıl
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mine H Sorgun
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sevinç Kırıcı
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choi KW, Kwon S, Pyun SB, Tae WS. Shape Deformation in the Brainstem of Medication-Naïve Female Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:465-474. [PMID: 32403210 PMCID: PMC7265019 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although neuroimaging studies have shown volumetric reductions, such as the anterior cingulate, prefrontal cortices, and hippocampus in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), few studies have investigated the volume of or shape alterations in the subcortical regions and the brainstem. We hypothesized that medication-naïve female adult patients with MDD might present with shape and volume alterations in the subcortical regions, including the brainstem, compared to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS A total of 20 medication-naïve female patients with MDD and 21 age-matched female HCs, underwent 3D T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance scanning. We analyzed the volumes of each subcortical region and each brainstem region, including the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. We also performed surface-based vertex analyses on the subcortical areas and brainstem. RESULTS Female patients with MDD showed non-significant volumetric differences in the subcortical regions, whole brainstem, and each brainstem region compared to the HCs. However, in the surface-based vertex analyses, significant shape contractions were observed in both cerebellar peduncles located on the lateral wall of the posterior brainstem [threshold-free cluster enhancement, corrected for family-wise error (FWE) at p<0.05] in patients with MDD. CONCLUSION We revealed shape alterations in the posterior brainstem in female patients with MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Woo Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonwook Kwon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bom Pyun
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Witkowski G, Jachinska K, Stepniak I, Ziora-Jakutowicz K, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H. Alterations in transcranial sonography among Huntington's disease patients with psychiatric symptoms. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1047-1055. [PMID: 32285254 PMCID: PMC7293686 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial sonography (TCS) is a diagnostic tool in mood and movement disorders. Alterations within the raphe mesencephalic nucleus in the brain have been reported not only in patients with major depression but in patients with depressive symptoms accompanying several neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the echogenicity of the nucleus raphe and other basal ganglia in patients with Huntington’s disease (HD). TCS was performed in 127 HD patients participating in observational studies (Registry/Enroll-HD) in the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (Warsaw, Poland). Raphe hypoechogenicity was found in 78% of HD patients with current symptoms of depression (according to DSM-IV criteria), 57% of patients with a previous history of depression, and 56.8% patients who lacked signs or history of depression. Patients with hypoechogenic raphe reported significantly higher depression as measured on the BDI (15.6 ± 1.7) as compared to patients with normal echogenicity (9.5 ± 1.2), (p = 0.023). The diameter of the third ventricle was negatively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (rho − 0.37) and total functional capacity (TFC) scores (rho − 0.26). Hyperechogenic substantia nigra was visualized in 66,4% patients with HD and the degree of hyperechogenicity was correlated with the total motor score (TMS) (rho − 0.38). Changes in echogenicity of the basal ganglia are related to both depressive and motor symptoms among patients with HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Witkowski
- I-st Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Str., 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jachinska
- I-st Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Str., 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Stepniak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Halina Sienkiewicz-Jarosz
- I-st Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Str., 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drepper C, Geißler J, Pastura G, Yilmaz R, Berg D, Romanos M, Gerlach M. Transcranial sonography in psychiatry as a potential tool in diagnosis and research. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:484-496. [PMID: 28971725 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1386325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the last two decades transcranial sonography (TCS) of the brain parenchyma evolved from a pure research tool to a clinical relevant neuroimaging method especially in Parkinson's disease and related movement disorders. The aim of this systematic review is to update and summarise the published TCS findings in psychiatric disorders and critically address the question whether TCS may be a valuable tool for the diagnosis or differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders similarly to the field of movement disorders. METHODS This paper provides detailed information about the perspectives and limitations of TCS, including guidelines for the scanning procedures, assessment of midbrain structures and discusses the potential causes of the ultrasound abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. RESULTS Changes in the echogenicity of subcortical brain structures were detected in different disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, panic disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), bipolar disorder and depressive disorder. Although the physical properties of brain tissue underlying the echogenic features in TCS are largely unknown, no alternative technique provides the same insight into the specific central nervous structural characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Urgent research questions to further clarify the underlying pathophysiological and structural alterations are further outlined to bring this promising technique to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Drepper
- a Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University Hospital of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Julia Geißler
- a Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University Hospital of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Giuseppe Pastura
- b Department of Pediatrics , The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Rezzak Yilmaz
- c Department of Neurology , Christian-Albrecht-University , Kiel , Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- c Department of Neurology , Christian-Albrecht-University , Kiel , Germany.,d Department of Neurodegeneration , University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- a Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University Hospital of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Manfred Gerlach
- a Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University Hospital of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|