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Bowden CL, Priesmeyer R, Tohen M, Singh V, Calabrese JR, Ketter T, Nierenberg A, Thase ME, Siegel G, Siegel LH, Mintz J, El-Mallakh RS, McElroy SL, Martinez M. Development of a Patient-Centered Software System to Facilitate Effective Management of Bipolar Disorder. PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 2021; 51:8-19. [PMID: 34092819 PMCID: PMC8146566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-management of bipolar disorder (BD) is an important component of treatment. METHODS We developed a patient-centered computational software system based on concepts from nonlinear systems (chaos) theory with mobile access to assist in managing BD known as KIOS. KIOS tracks interacting symptoms to determine theprecise state of a BD patient. Once the patient's state is identified and the trajectory of the patient established, specific advice is generated to help manage the course of the disease. KIOS also provides analytics that can be used by clinicians and researchers to track outcomes and the course of illness. A 12-week field test was completed. RESULTS In 20 BD subjects, use of KIOS was associated with improvements in primary symptom categories of BD. Usability and generated advice were rated as a median of 6 out of a maximum of 7. CONCLUSIONS The KIOS focus on change illuminates problems in the same way that humans experience them, implying that the future state will be consequent to changes made to impact the current state. Randomized clinical trial is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Bowden
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Richard Priesmeyer
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mauricio Tohen
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Vivek Singh
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Joseph R Calabrese
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Terry Ketter
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrew Nierenberg
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael E Thase
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Gregg Siegel
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Leslie H Siegel
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jim Mintz
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rif S El-Mallakh
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Melissa Martinez
- Bowden, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Priesmeyer, PhD., Jurica Professor of Management, Department of Management and Marketing, St Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas. Tohen, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.B.A, University Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Singh, M.D., Deceased. Calabrese, M.D., Director, Mood Disorders Program, UH Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. Ketter, M.D, Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Nierenberg, M.D., Director, Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Thase, M.D., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gregg Siegel, M.S, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Leslie H. Siegel, M.F.A, Biomedical Development Corporation, San Antonio, Texas. Mintz, PhD., Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Mallakh, M.D., Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. McElroy, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Martinez, M.D., Professor and Mary Avis Weir Chair in Psychiatry, Director, Adult Mood Disorders Program, Co-Director, Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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