1
|
Shen F, Zhou H. Advances in the etiology and neuroimaging of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1400468. [PMID: 38915870 PMCID: PMC11194347 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1400468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, characterized by age-inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can cause extensive damage to children's academic, occupational, and social skills. This review will present current advancements in the field of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, including genetics, environmental factors, epigenetics, and neuroimaging features. Simultaneously, we will discuss the highlights of promising directions for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wiebe A, Aslan B, Brockmann C, Lepartz A, Dudek D, Kannen K, Selaskowski B, Lux S, Ettinger U, Philipsen A, Braun N. Multimodal assessment of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A controlled virtual seminar room study. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:1111-1129. [PMID: 37209018 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the assessment of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, the diagnostic value of neuropsychological testing is limited. Partly, this is due to the rather low ecological validity of traditional neuropsychological tests, which usually present abstract stimuli on a computer screen. A potential remedy for this shortcoming might be the use of virtual reality (VR), which enables a more realistic and complex, yet still standardized test environment. The present study investigates a new VR-based multimodal assessment tool for adult ADHD, the virtual seminar room (VSR). Twenty-five unmedicated ADHD patients, 25 medicated ADHD patients, and 25 healthy controls underwent a virtual continuous performance task (CPT) in the VSR with concurrent visual, auditive, and audiovisual distractions. Simultaneously, head movements (actigraphy), gaze behaviour (eye tracking), subjective experience, electroencephalography (EEG), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were recorded. Significant differences between unmedicated patients with ADHD and healthy controls were found in CPT performance, head actigraphy, distractor gaze behaviour, and subjective experience. Moreover, CPT performance parameters demonstrated potential utility for assessing medication effects within the ADHD population. No group differences were found in the Theta-Beta-Ratio (EEG) or dorsolateral-prefrontal oxy-haemoglobin (fNIRS). Overall, the results are very promising regarding the potential of the VSR as an assessment tool for adult ADHD. In particular, the combined assessment of CPT, actigraphy, and eye tracking parameters appears to be a valid approach to more accurately capture the heterogeneous symptom presentation of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wiebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Behrem Aslan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte Brockmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Lepartz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kyra Kannen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Selaskowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Silke Lux
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niclas Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu T, Liu X, Cheng F, Wang S, Li C, Zhou D, Zhang W. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction caused by a go/no-go task in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1145485. [PMID: 37056303 PMCID: PMC10086251 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1145485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChildren with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit executive function deficits, which can be attributed to a dysfunction in the prefrontal region of the brain. Our study aims to evaluate the alteration of brain activity in children with ADHD during the administration of a go/no-go task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in comparison to a control group containing typically developing (TD) children.Methods32 children with ADHD and 31 of their TD peers were recruited and asked to perform a go/no-go task while undergoing measurements, with the aim of detecting changes in average oxygenated hemoglobin signaling (Δavg oxy-Hb) via fNIRS in the prefrontal lobe.ResultsfNIRS data showed significant differences between the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, with a lower Δavg oxy-Hb change in the ADHD group compared to the TD group.ConclusionOur results indicate that brain dysfunction in children with ADHD is related to functional impairments in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The go/no-go task paired with fNIRS represents a useful measurement tool to assess prefrontal brain dysfunction in children struggling with ADHD.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhuo L, Zhao X, Zhai Y, Zhao B, Tian L, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang T, Gan X, Yang C, Wang W, Gao W, Wang Q, Rohde LA, Zhang J, Li Y. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:165. [PMID: 35449191 PMCID: PMC9022403 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we carried out a 4 week randomized clinical trial in which patients aged 6-12 years old with an ADHD diagnosis received TEAS or sham TEAS. The primary outcome measure was the investigator-rated Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) score at week 4. Secondary outcomes included changes from baseline to week 4 in the investigator-rated Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) score, the Conners' Parent/Teacher Rating Scales-Revised: Short Form (CPRS-R: S/CTRS-R: S) score, go/no-go task performance, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based oxygenated hemoglobin level within the prefrontal cortex. At week 4, the CGI-I score indicated improvement in 33.3% of the TEAS group compared with 7.7% of the sham group (P = 0.005). The TEAS group had a greater decrease in the mean CGI-S score (-0.87) than the sham TEAS group (-0.28) (P = 0.003). A greater enhancement in the mean cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin within the prefrontal cortex was found in the TEAS group (0.099 mM mm) compared with the sham TEAS group (0.005 mM mm) (P < 0.001). CPRS-R: S score, CTRS-R: S score, and go/no-go performance exhibited no significant improvement after TEAS treatment. The manipulation-associated adverse events were uncommon in both groups, and events were very mild. Our results show that noninvasive TEAS significantly improved general symptoms and increased prefrontal cortex blood flow within 4 weeks for children with ADHD. Further clinical trials are required to understand the long-term efficacy in a larger clinical sample. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03917953).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhuo
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- grid.452902.8Children’s Health Care Center, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Yifang Zhai
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Boqiang Zhao
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Lin Tian
- grid.452902.8Children’s Health Care Center, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- grid.452902.8Children’s Health Care Center, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Xinyi Gan
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Cheng Yang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Weigang Wang
- grid.508012.eDepartment of Acupuncture, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Gao
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Qiang Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- grid.8532.c0000 0001 2200 7498ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jie Zhang
- Children's Health Care Center, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A parallel-group study of near-infrared spectroscopy-neurofeedback in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2022; 309:114364. [PMID: 35026672 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) real-time neurofeedback (NF) vs. atomoxetine (AT) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A parallel-group study was conducted to enroll children with ADHD between 8 and 12 years of age. Participants were assigned into the NIRS group and AT group as their wish. Subjects in the NIRS group received 12 sessions of NF training within 6 weeks, and subjects in the AT group were given oral medication. Changes in Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-V rating scales (SNAP-IV), and performance of Go/No-Go and N-back working memory tasks at week 3, 6 and 8 were evaluated. Forty-nine patients completed the study, including 18 ADHD in the NIRS group and 31 in the AT group. Total scores of SNAP-IV significantly decreased from baseline to week 3, week 6, and week 8 in both groups. Patients in the NIRS group showed significant lower scores on the inattention subscale of SNAP-IV at week 3 and week 6, compared to the AT group. NIRS group had a shorter reaction time during the Go/No-Go task at week 6 and fewer errors during 2-back than the AT group at week 3. The findings revealed that NIRS real-time NF is more efficacious relative to AT in improving behavioral performance, highlighting its potential role and advantages in treating patients with ADHD.
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Yan WJ, Wu Y, Tian XX, Zhang YW. Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 Gene Polymorphisms Affect Treatment Efficiency of Methylphenidate in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An fNIRS Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:793643. [PMID: 35069142 PMCID: PMC8766417 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.793643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is the first-line drug for the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, individual curative effects of MPH vary. Many studies have demonstrated that synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) gene MnlI polymorphisms may be related to the efficacy of MPH. However, the association between SNAP-25MnlI polymorphisms and changes in brain hemodynamic responses after MPH treatment is still unclear. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to preliminarily investigate the interaction of MPH treatment-related prefrontal inhibitory functional changes with the genotype status of the SNAP-25 gene in children with ADHD. In total, 38 children with ADHD aged 6.76–12.08 years were enrolled in this study and divided into the following two groups based on SNAP-25 gene MnlI polymorphisms: T/T genotype group (wild-type group, 27 children) and G allele carrier group (mutation group, 11 children). The averaged oxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes [Δavg oxy-Hb] and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes [Δavg deoxy-Hb] in the frontal cortex before MPH treatment and after 1.5 h (post-MPH1.5h) and 4 weeks (post-MPH4w) of MPH treatments were monitored using fNIRS during the go/no-go task. SNAP-IV scores were evaluated both pre-MPH and post-MPH4w treatments. In the T/T genotype group, [Δavg oxy-Hb] in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly higher after 4 weeks of MPH (post-MPH4W) treatment than pre-treatment; however, in the G allele group, no significant differences in [Δavg oxy-Hb] were observed between pre- and post-treatments. In the go/no-go task, the accuracy was significantly increased post-MPH4w treatment in the T/T genotype group, while no significant differences were observed in response time and accuracy of the “go” sand no-go task in the G allele group for pre-MPH, post-MPH1.5h, and post-MPH4w treatments. The T/T genotype group exhibited a significant decrease in SNAP-IV scores after MPH treatment, while the G allele group showed no significant difference. In conclusion, fNIRS data combined with SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism analysis may be a useful biomarker for evaluating the effects of MPH in children with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Jie Yan
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Xin Tian
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-Wen Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McLoughlin G, Gyurkovics M, Aydin Ü. What Has Been Learned from Using EEG Methods in Research of ADHD? Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 57:415-444. [PMID: 35637406 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological recording methods, including electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), have an unparalleled capacity to provide insights into the timing and frequency (spectral) composition of rapidly changing neural activity associated with various cognitive processes. The current chapter provides an overview of EEG studies examining alterations in brain activity in ADHD, measured both at rest and during cognitive tasks. While EEG resting state studies of ADHD indicate no universal alterations in the disorder, event-related studies reveal consistent deficits in attentional and inhibitory control and consequently inform the proposed cognitive models of ADHD. Similar to other neuroimaging measures, EEG research indicates alterations in multiple neural circuits and cognitive functions. EEG methods - supported by the constant refinement of analytic strategies - have the potential to contribute to improved diagnostics and interventions for ADHD, underlining their clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne McLoughlin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Máté Gyurkovics
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ümit Aydin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sugimoto A, Suzuki Y, Yoshinaga K, Orime N, Hayashi T, Egawa J, Ono S, Sugai T, Someya T. Influence of Atomoxetine on Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Task Execution in Adult Patients. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:755025. [PMID: 34899218 PMCID: PMC8663632 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.755025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We conducted this non-randomized prospective interventional study to clarify the relationship between improved attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and regional brain activity. Methods: Thirty-one adult patients underwent near-infrared spectroscopy examinations during a go/no-go task, both before and 8 weeks after atomoxetine administration. Results: Clinical symptoms, neuropsychological results of the go/no-go task, and bilateral lateral prefrontal activity significantly changed. A positive correlation was observed between right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity and Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales scores. Before atomoxetine administration, no correlations between prefrontal cortex activity and clinical symptoms were observed in all cases. When participants were divided into atomoxetine-responder and non-responder groups, a positive correlation was observed between prefrontal cortex activity and clinical symptoms in the non-responder group before treatment but not in the responder group, suggesting that non-responders can activate the prefrontal cortex without atomoxetine. Conclusions: Individuals with increased ADHD symptoms appear to recruit the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex more strongly to perform the same task than those with fewer symptoms. In clinical settings, individuals with severe symptoms are often observed to perform more difficultly when performing the tasks which individuals with mild symptoms can perform easily. The atomoxetine-responder group was unable to properly activate the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex when necessary, and the oral administration of atomoxetine enabled these patients to activate this region. In brain imaging studies of heterogeneous syndromes such as ADHD, the analytical strategy used in this study, involving drug-responsivity grouping, may effectively increase the signal-to-noise ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Sugimoto
- Department of Community Psychiatric Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Niigata Psychiatric Center, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Yutaro Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Suehirobashi Hospital Keiaikai, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yoshinaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata Psychiatric Center, Nagaoka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Orime
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taketsugu Hayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata Psychiatric Center, Nagaoka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Egawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shin Ono
- Department of Community Psychiatric Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Niigata Psychiatric Center, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Takuro Sugai
- Comprehensive Medical Education Center, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grazioli S, Rosi E, Mauri M, Crippa A, Tizzoni F, Tarabelloni A, Villa FM, Chiapasco F, Reimers M, Gatti E, Bertella S, Molteni M, Nobile M. Patterns of Response to Methylphenidate Administration in Children with ADHD: A Personalized Medicine Approach through Clustering Analysis. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8111008. [PMID: 34828721 PMCID: PMC8623097 DOI: 10.3390/children8111008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Individual responses to methylphenidate (MPH) can significantly differ in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in terms of the extent of clinical amelioration, optimal dosage needed, possible side effects, and short- and long-term duration of the benefits. In the present repeated-measures observational study, we undertook a proof-of-concept study to determine whether clustering analysis could be useful to characterize different clusters of responses to MPH in children with ADHD. We recruited 33 children with ADHD who underwent a comprehensive clinical, cognitive, and neurophysiological assessment before and after one month of MPH treatment. Symptomatology changes were assessed by parents and clinicians. The neuropsychological measures used comprised pen-and-paper and computerized tasks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure cortical hemodynamic activation during an attentional task. We developed an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to characterize the possible clusters of responses to MPH in our multimodal data. A symptomatology improvement was observed for both clinical and neuropsychological measures. Our model identified distinct clusters of amelioration that were related to symptom severity and visual-attentional performances. The present findings provide preliminary evidence that clustering analysis can potentially be useful in identifying different responses to MPH in children with ADHD, highlighting the importance of a personalized medicine approach within the clinical framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grazioli
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (S.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.V.); (E.G.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Eleonora Rosi
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (S.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.V.); (E.G.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maddalena Mauri
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (S.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.V.); (E.G.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
- PhD in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Crippa
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (S.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.V.); (E.G.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Federica Tizzoni
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (S.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.V.); (E.G.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Arianna Tarabelloni
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (S.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.V.); (E.G.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Filippo Maria Villa
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (S.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.V.); (E.G.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Federica Chiapasco
- MD Course in Medicine and Surgery, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Reimers
- MD Course in Medicine and Surgery, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Erika Gatti
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (S.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.V.); (E.G.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Silvana Bertella
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (S.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.V.); (E.G.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (S.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.V.); (E.G.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Maria Nobile
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (S.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.V.); (E.G.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee YJ, Kim M, Kim JS, Lee YS, Shin JE. Clinical Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Children and Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2021; 32:99-103. [PMID: 34285634 PMCID: PMC8262974 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to examine the clinical use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Many studies have been conducted using objective evaluation tools for psychiatric evaluation, such as predicting psychiatric symptoms and treatment responses. Compared to other tools, fNIRS has the advantage of being a noninvasive, inexpensive, and portable method and can be used with patients in the awake state. This study mainly focused on its use in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. We hope that research involving fNIRS will be actively conducted in various diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yun Sung Lee
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Shin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pozzi M, Bertella S, Gatti E, Peeters GGAM, Carnovale C, Zambrano S, Nobile M. Emerging drugs for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2020; 25:395-407. [PMID: 32938246 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2020.1820481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting up to 5.3% of children and 2.5% of adults depending on the country considered. Current pharmacological treatments for ADHD are based on stimulant or non-stimulant medications, targeting dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems in the frontal cortex and dopaminergic system in the basal ganglia. These drugs are effective and safe for the majority of patients, whereas about 20% of treated patients do not tolerate current therapies or experience insufficient efficacy. The adequate treatment of ADHD is necessary to allow a proper social placement and prevent the acquisition of additional, more severe, comorbidities. AREAS COVERED We conducted a review of the scientific literature and of unpublished/ongoing clinical trials to summarize the advances made in the last 10 years (2010-2020) for the pharmacological treatment of ADHD. We found many pharmacological mechanisms beyond dopaminergic and noradrenergic ones have been investigated in patients. EXPERT OPINION Some emerging drugs for ADHD may be promising as add-on treatment especially in children, amantadine to enhance cognitive functions and tipepidine for hyperactivity/impulsivity. Stand-alone emerging treatments for ADHD include viloxazine and dasotraline, which will soon have more clinical data available to support market access requests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pozzi
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea , Lecco, Italy
| | - Silvana Bertella
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea , Lecco, Italy
| | - Erika Gatti
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea , Lecco, Italy
| | - Gabriëlla G A M Peeters
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Carnovale
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Zambrano
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea , Lecco, Italy.,Postgraduate Specialization School in Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea , Lecco, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mauri M, Crippa A, Bacchetta A, Grazioli S, Rosi E, Gazzola E, Gallace A, Nobile M. The utility of NIRS technology for exploring emotional processing in children. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:819-824. [PMID: 32664020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in emotional processing and, in particular, in emotional self-regulation represent non-specific risk factors for transdiagnostic poor outcomes. Researches have been focusing on the investigation of possible emotional processing and regulation biomarkers. The present brief review of the literature aims to evaluate whether NIRS signal might be one of them. METHODS We reviewed 8 original articles investigating children's hemodynamic response to emotional tasks using NIRS, or exploring the association between NIRS response to cognitive tasks and behavioral emotional regulation. RESULTS All the works revised found significant associations between NIRS data and emotional indexes. Furthermore, significant hemodynamic response is found in different age-groups (3-12 years of age), suggesting that cortical response to emotional processing as measured by NIRS is a marker consistently recognizable throughout the development. LIMITATIONS Given that the studies in this field were still limited and used heterogeneous protocols, addressed different functions or aspects of emotional processing, these results are preliminary. CONCLUSIONS NIRS seems a reliable tool to describe brain activation during emotional processing and regulation. Moreover, it seems to be particularly useful in studies including either developmental-aged participants or clinical samples, due to its clear advantages and non-intrusiveness, offering a potential marker for deficits in emotional processing and regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Mauri
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy; PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Crippa
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bacchetta
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Silvia Grazioli
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rosi
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Erica Gazzola
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca
| | - Alberto Gallace
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca; Milan Center for Neuroscience - NeuroMi -, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy; Mind and Behavior Technological Center - MibTec-, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grazioli S, Crippa A, Mauri M, Piazza C, Bacchetta A, Salandi A, Trabattoni S, Agostoni C, Molteni M, Nobile M. Association Between Fatty Acids Profile and Cerebral Blood Flow: An Exploratory fNIRS Study on Children with and without ADHD. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2414. [PMID: 31658664 PMCID: PMC6836039 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) biostatus has been proposed as possible attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis biomarker. The present exploratory study aimed to investigate the association between PUFAs biostatus and cerebral cortex metabolism measured by functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in a sample of children with and without ADHD. 24 children with ADHD and 22 typically developing (TD) peers, aged 8-14, were recruited. Linoleic, arachidonic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids levels were evaluated in whole blood. All children underwent fNIRS while performing an n-back working memory task. Between groups comparisons revealed lower levels of arachidonic acid in children with ADHD and stronger NIRS signal in TD participants, especially when completing more difficult tasks. Correlations conducted between fNIRS activation and PUFA biostatus revealed several associations between hemodynamic changes in the frontoparietal regions and fatty acids profile across participants. This result was also confirmed by the multiple hierarchical regression analyses that remarked an inverse effect of eicosapentaenoic acid levels on oxyhemoglobin values in right frontoparietal region. Such preliminary findings, if confirmed, would suggest that PUFAs could play a role in atypical neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grazioli
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | | | - Maddalena Mauri
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Caterina Piazza
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bacchetta
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Antonio Salandi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Sara Trabattoni
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- DISSCO Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- SIGENP (Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), via Libero Temolo 4 (Torre U8), 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Csipo T, Mukli P, Lipecz A, Tarantini S, Bahadli D, Abdulhussein O, Owens C, Kiss T, Balasubramanian P, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Hand RA, Yabluchanska V, Sorond FA, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A. Assessment of age-related decline of neurovascular coupling responses by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in humans. GeroScience 2019; 41:495-509. [PMID: 31676966 PMCID: PMC6885078 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies provide strong evidence that age-related impairment of neurovascular coupling (NVC) plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). NVC is a critical homeostatic mechanism in the brain, responsible for adjustment of local cerebral blood flow to the energetic needs of the active neuronal tissue. Recent progress in geroscience has led to the identification of critical cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in neurovascular aging, identifying these pathways as targets for intervention. In order to translate the preclinical findings to humans, there is a need to assess NVC in geriatric patients as an endpoint in clinical studies. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that enables the investigation of local changes in cerebral blood flow, quantifying task-related changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations. In the present overview, the basic principles of fNIRS are introduced and the application of this technique to assess NVC in older adults with implications for the design of studies on the mechanistic underpinnings of VCI is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology / Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dhay Bahadli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Osamah Abdulhussein
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Cameron Owens
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rachel A Hand
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Valeriya Yabluchanska
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Bon Secours, St. Francis Family Medicine Center, Midlothian, VA, USA
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A Mini-Review on Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS): Where Do We Stand, and Where Should We Go? PHOTONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics6030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review is aimed at briefly summarizing the present status of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and predicting where the technique should go in the next decade. This mini-review quotes 33 articles on the different fNIRS basics and technical developments and 44 reviews on the fNIRS applications published in the last eight years. The huge number of review articles about a wide spectrum of topics in the field of cognitive and social sciences, functional neuroimaging research, and medicine testifies to the maturity achieved by this non-invasive optical vascular-based functional neuroimaging technique. Today, fNIRS has started to be utilized on healthy subjects while moving freely in different naturalistic settings. Further instrumental developments are expected to be done in the near future to fully satisfy this latter important aspect. In addition, fNIRS procedures, including correction methods for the strong extracranial interferences, need to be standardized before using fNIRS as a clinical tool in individual patients. New research avenues such as interactive neurosciences, cortical activation modulated by different type of sport performance, and cortical activation during neurofeedback training are highlighted.
Collapse
|