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Cui L, Li S, Wang S, Wu X, Liu Y, Yu W, Wang Y, Tang Y, Xia M, Li B. Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:30. [PMID: 38331979 PMCID: PMC10853571 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing annually, resulting in greater economic and social burdens. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the effects of pharmacological treatments for MDD are complex and unclear, and additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MDD still are needed. The currently widely accepted theories of MDD pathogenesis include the neurotransmitter and receptor hypothesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hypothesis, cytokine hypothesis, neuroplasticity hypothesis and systemic influence hypothesis, but these hypothesis cannot completely explain the pathological mechanism of MDD. Even it is still hard to adopt only one hypothesis to completely reveal the pathogenesis of MDD, thus in recent years, great progress has been made in elucidating the roles of multiple organ interactions in the pathogenesis MDD and identifying novel therapeutic approaches and multitarget modulatory strategies, further revealing the disease features of MDD. Furthermore, some newly discovered potential pharmacological targets and newly studied antidepressants have attracted widespread attention, some reagents have even been approved for clinical treatment and some novel therapeutic methods such as phototherapy and acupuncture have been discovered to have effective improvement for the depressive symptoms. In this work, we comprehensively summarize the latest research on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of MDD, preventive approaches and therapeutic medicines, as well as the related clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cui
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Siman Wang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiafang Wu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiyang Yu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education/School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Maosheng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Baoman Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China.
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China.
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Zeng J, Lai X, Wang S, Zeng D, Ye J, Huang C, Liu M, Zhang W, Xu H. Association of depressive symptoms with chronic liver disease among middle-aged and older adults in China. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1273754. [PMID: 37941967 PMCID: PMC10628464 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1273754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between depressive symptoms and chronic liver disease (CLD) is still unclear. We aimed to determine whether depressive symptoms are associated with CLD in a large population sample. Methods The data was from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), an ongoing nationally representative prospective cohort study. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the catchment-area epidemiology survey-depression (CES-D). CLD was identified by the patient's self-report about a physician's diagnosis at each visit. Multi-adjusted logistic regression and Cox regression models were used. Results A total of 14,995 participants (53.1% female; mean age: 58.85 ± 9.87 years) and 13,405 participants (53.64% female; mean age: 58.58 ± 9.69 years) were included in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. In the cross-sectional analysis, the odds ratio of CLD in patients with moderate and severe depressive symptoms were 1.46 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-1.83] and 1.78 (95% CI, 1.23-2.56) than those with none/mild depressive symptoms, respectively. In the longitudinal analysis, compared to participants with none/mild depressive symptoms, the hazard rates of CLD in those with moderate and severe depressive symptoms were 1.65 (95%CI, 1.33-2.03) and 1.80 (95%CI, 1.24-2.60). And the 50th percentile difference of time (years) at the incidence of CLD in participants with moderate and severe depressive symptoms were - 0.83 (95%CI, -1.18, -0.49) and - 0.96 (95%CI, -1.56, -0.35), respectively. Conclusion Elevated depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of CLD among middle-aged and older adults in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Zeng
- Department of Hepatology, Ganzhou Institute of Liver Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaohuan Lai
- Department of Hepatology, Ganzhou Institute of Liver Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuigen Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Ganzhou Institute of Liver Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dijing Zeng
- Longnan First People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiangmin Ye
- Department of Hepatology, Ganzhou Institute of Liver Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Department of Hepatology, Ganzhou Institute of Liver Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Minhua Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Ganzhou Institute of Liver Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Ruan X, Chen J, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Wang X, Li X, Yuan S, Larsson SC. Depression and 24 gastrointestinal diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:146. [PMID: 37142593 PMCID: PMC10160129 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The causality of the association between depression and gastrointestinal diseases is undetermined. We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to systematically explore the associations of depression with 24 gastrointestinal diseases. Independent genetic variants associated with depression at the genome-wide significance level were selected as instrumental variables. Genetic associations with 24 gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank study, the FinnGen study, and large consortia. Multivariable MR analysis was conducted to explore the mediation effects of body mass index, cigarette smoking, and type 2 diabetes. After multiple-testing corrections, genetic liability to depression was associated with an increased risk of irritable bowel syndrome, non-alcohol fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, gastroesophageal reflux, chronic pancreatitis, duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, diverticular disease, cholelithiasis, acute pancreatitis, and ulcerative colitis. For the causal effect of genetic liability to depression on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a substantial proportion was mediated by body mass index. Genetic predisposition to smoking initiation mediated half of effect of depression on acute pancreatitis. This MR study suggests that depression may play a causal role in many gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixian Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Vider J, Peart JN, Stapelberg NJC. Sex-specific behavioral, neurobiological, and cardiovascular responses to chronic social stress in mice. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2004-2027. [PMID: 36059192 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress promotes and links mood and cardiovascular disorders in a sex-specific manner. However, findings in animal models are equivocal, in some cases opposing human dimorphisms. We examined central nervous system (CNS), behavioral, endocrine, cardiac, and hepatic outcomes in male or female C57Bl/6 mice subjected to chronic social stress (56 days of social isolation, with intermittent social confrontation encounters twice daily throughout the final 20 days). Females exhibited distinct physiological and behavioral changes, including relative weight loss, and increases in coronary resistance, hepatic inflammation, and thigmotaxic behavior in the open field. Males evidence reductions in coronary resistance and cardiac ischemic tolerance, with increased circulating and hippocampal monoamine levels and emerging anhedonia. Shared CNS gene responses include reduced hippocampal Maoa and increased Htr1b expression, while unique responses include repression of hypothalamic Ntrk1 and upregulation of cortical Nrf2 and Htr1b in females; and repression of hippocampal Drd1 and hypothalamic Gabra1 and Oprm in males. Declining cardiac stress resistance in males was associated with repression of cardiac leptin levels and metabolic, mitochondrial biogenesis, and anti-inflammatory gene expression. These integrated data reveal distinct biological responses to social stress in males and females, and collectively evidence greater biological disruption or allostatic load in females (consistent with propensities to stress-related mood and cardiovascular disorders in humans). Distinct stress biology, and molecular to organ responses, emphasize the importance of sex-specific mechanisms and potential approaches to stress-dependent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J Helman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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Monoamine Neurotransmitters Control Basic Emotions and Affect Major Depressive Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101203. [PMID: 36297314 PMCID: PMC9611768 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and complex mental disorder, that adversely impacts an individual’s quality of life, but its diagnosis and treatment are not accurately executed and a symptom-based approach is utilized in most cases, due to the lack of precise knowledge regarding the pathophysiology. So far, the first-line treatments are still based on monoamine neurotransmitters. Even though there is a lot of progress in this field, the mechanisms seem to get more and more confusing, and the treatment is also getting more and more controversial. In this study, we try to review the broad advances of monoamine neurotransmitters in the field of MDD, and update its effects in many advanced neuroscience studies. We still propose the monoamine hypothesis but paid special attention to their effects on the new pathways for MDD, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, neurotrophins, and neurogenesis, especially in the glial cells, which have recently been found to play an important role in many neurodegenerative disorders, including MDD. In addition, we will extend the monoamine hypothesis to basic emotions; as suggested in our previous reports, the three monoamine neurotransmitters play different roles in emotions: dopamine—joy, norepinephrine—fear (anger), serotonins—disgust (sadness). Above all, this paper tries to give a full picture of the relationship between the MDD and the monoamine neurotransmitters such as DA, NE, and 5-HT, as well as their contributions to the Three Primary Color Model of Basic Emotions (joy, fear, and disgust). This is done by explaining the contribution of the monoamine from many sides for MDD, such the digestive tract, astrocytes, microglial, and others, and very briefly addressing the potential of monoamine neurotransmitters as a therapeutic approach for MDD patients and also the reasons for its limited clinical efficacy, side effects, and delayed onset of action. We hope this review might offer new pharmacological management of MDD.
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Yan S, Ruan J, Wang Y, Xu J, Sun C, Niu Y. Association of Prenatal Famine Exposure With Inflammatory Markers and Its Impact on Adulthood Liver Function Across Consecutive Generations. Front Nutr 2022; 8:758633. [PMID: 35047538 PMCID: PMC8762197 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.758633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there has been increasing recognition that famine exposure in the fetal stage damages liver function in adulthood, this deteriorated effect could be extended to the next generation remains vague. This study aimed to explore whether famine exposure was associated with liver function in the two consecutive generations, and its association with the mediation role of inflammatory markers. We analyzed the data of 2,681 participants from Suihua rural area, Heilongjiang Province, China. According to the date of birth, the participants were classified as fetal exposed and nonexposed. The F2 subjects were classified as having no parents exposed to famine, maternal famine exposure, paternal famine exposure, or parental famine exposure. In the mixed-effect models, prenatal exposure to famine was associated with the elevation of Δ aspartate aminotransferase (ΔAST) (β: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.43) and Δ alanine aminotransferase (ΔALT) (β: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.66) levels in F1 adults. The mediation analysis showed that the inflammatory markers including serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) might mediate the famine-liver function association. This longitudinal data were consistent with the hypothesis that the inflammatory markers explained part of the influence of prenatal famine exposure on liver function injury, and the natal mechanism was needed to be elucidated in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingqi Ruan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxu Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yucun Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Argano C, Catalano N, Natoli G, Monaco ML, Corrao S. GDS score as screening tool to assess the risk of impact of chronic conditions and depression on quality of life in hospitalized elderly patients in internal medicine wards. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26346. [PMID: 34190152 PMCID: PMC8257896 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of population is characterized by multiple chronic conditions in the same individual. Health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) reflects the multidimensional impact of chronic disease on population and it is increasingly analysed as outcomes.The aim of this study was the evaluation of the predictors of quality of life among elderly patients hospitalized in internal medicine ward, investigating the effect of comorbidities on health-related quality of life.Data collected in this cross-sectional study were analysed. Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, disease distribution and quality of life by the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) were evaluated.Of 240 inpatients, subjects with Barthel Index (BI)≤40 were 23.7%, 55% had a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)≥2. After categorizing mental component score (MCS) and physical component score (PCS) in five classes, we found that diabetics and patients with cancer were more frequent in the first class of MCS while patients with NYHA III-IV are significantly more frequent in the first class of PCS. When we classified patients according to GDS≥2 or < 2, subjects with GDS≥2 had BI and MCS significantly lower. In the multivariate analysis GDS score ≥2 was independently associated with first MCS class [16.32 (3.77-70.68)] while NYHA III-IV class and claudicatio intermittents were strong predictors of the worst PCS class [9.54 (1.97-47.40), 2.53 (1.16-5.49), respectively]. Liver disease was independently associated with GDS≥2 [5.26 (1.13-24.39)].Our study highlighted the impact of chronic diseases on health-related quality of life in elderly subjects hospitalized in an internal medicine ward pointing out the importance of taking into account patient's needs and perception and the setting up of a personalised health-care. Patients with diabetes and liver disease along with persons affected by cancer need psychological support to improve their quality of life. A GDS score ≥ 2 is a strong predictor of poor quality of life and should trigger an in-depth assessment of mental health in this kind of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiano Argano
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli
| | - Nicola Catalano
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli
| | - Giuseppe Natoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli
| | - Marika Lo Monaco
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli
| | - Salvatore Corrao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Park S, Kim GU, Kim H. Physical Comorbidity According to Diagnoses and Sex among Psychiatric Inpatients in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4187. [PMID: 33920944 PMCID: PMC8071239 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
People with mental disorders are susceptible to physical comorbidities. Mind-body interventions are important for improving health outcomes. We examined the prevalence of physical comorbidities and their differences by diagnoses and sex among psychiatric inpatients. The dataset, from National Health Insurance claims data, included 48,902 adult inpatients admitted to psychiatric wards for at least 2 days in 2016 treated for schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders, or mood disorders. We identified 26 physical comorbidities using the Elixhauser comorbidity measure. Among schizophrenia-related disorders, other neurological disorders were most common, then liver disease and chronic pulmonary disease. Among mood disorders, liver disease was most common, then uncomplicated hypertension and chronic pulmonary disease. Most comorbid physical diseases (except other neurological disorders) were more prevalent in mood disorders than schizophrenia-related disorders. Male and female patients with schizophrenia-related disorders showed similar comorbidity prevalence patterns by sex. Among patients with mood disorders, liver disease was most prevalent in males and third-most in females. In both diagnostic groups, liver disease and uncomplicated diabetes mellitus were more prevalent in males, and hypothyroidism in females. Mental health professionals should refer to a specialist to manage physical diseases via early assessments and optimal interventions for physical comorbidities in psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suin Park
- College of Nursing, Kosin University, Busan 49267, Korea;
| | - Go-Un Kim
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyunlye Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
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Yan T, Liu B, Li F, Wu B, Xiao F, He B, Jia Y. Schizandrin ameliorates behavioral disorders in hepatic injury mice via regulation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:212-222. [PMID: 33588680 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1879847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of schizandrin (from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. which is a functional food) against chronic liver injury in mice.Methods: Chronic liver injury was induced by the treatment of d-galactose (d-GaIN, 200 mg/kg, s.c.) for 8 weeks.Results: Administration of schizandrin (30 mg/kg, i.g.) significantly ameliorated d-GaIN-induced anxiety and depression-like behavior as evident from the results of open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. In addition, schizandrin remarkably reduced the oxidative stress due to its potential to enhance the levels of decreased CAT, GSH/GSSG, SOD, and increased MDA in peripheral and brain, the antioxidant activities might be related with the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Furthermore, schizandrin could dramatically inhibit the neuroinflammation in mice by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) through regulating NF-κB/NLRP3/Iba-1 signaling. Besides, the elevated levels of ammonia, AST, and ALT were significantly reduced by schizandrin.Conclusion: The present data revealed that hyperammonemia produced due to liver injury-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex resulting in anxiety and depression were improved by schizandrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxu Yan
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fuyuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bosai He
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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van der Kooij MA. The impact of chronic stress on energy metabolism. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103525. [PMID: 32629109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is exceptionally demanding in terms of energy metabolism. Approximately 20% of the calories consumed are devoted to our cerebral faculties, with the lion's share provided in the form of glucose. The brain's stringent energy dependency requires a high degree of harmonization between the elements responsible for supplying- and metabolizing energetic substrates. However, chronic stress may jeopardize this homeostatic energy balance by disruption of critical metabolic processes. In agreement, stress-related mental disorders have been linked with perturbations in energy metabolism. Prominent stress-induced metabolic alterations include the actions of hormones, glucose uptake and mitochondrial adjustments. Importantly, fundamental stress-responsive metabolic adjustments in humans and animal models bear a striking resemblance. Here, an overview is provided of key findings, demonstrating the pervasive impact of chronic stress on energy metabolism. Furthermore, I argue that medications, aimed primarily at restoring metabolic homeostasis, may constitute a novel approach to treat mental disorders.
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Liver Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Regulates Behavioral and Cellular Effects of Chronic Stress. Cell Rep 2019; 29:3223-3234.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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