1
|
Shi C, Yang L, Zeng G, Cao H, Yu F, Sha S, Wang Y. Association between serum cotinine levels and urinary incontinence in adults in the United States: a population-based cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2326. [PMID: 39192258 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure has been shown to be associated with a variety of diseases, but evidence regarding the association between it and urinary incontinence (UI) is limited. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine in the human body, can more accurately quantify the level of human exposure to tobacco smoke. The study utilized data from seven survey cycles (2007-March 2020 Pre-pandemic) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, interaction tests, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect models were used to analyze the relationship between serum cotinine and UI. Additionally, a 1:1 nearest neighbor propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to minimize the impact of confounding factors. Before and after PSM, serum cotinine levels were higher in individuals with UI than those without (P < 0.05). Both before and after PSM, UI was positively correlated with serum cotinine levels, with a significantly increased risk of urinary incontinence when serum cotinine levels were in the Q3 range (before PSM: OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.59-2.24; after PSM: OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.28-2.00). Smooth curve fitting before and after PSM showed an approximate J-shaped non-linear dose-response relationship between log-transformed serum cotinine levels and UI. This study indicates that among American adults, there is a positive relationship between serum cotinine levels and UI, which is also significant in self-reported non-smoking populations. Therefore, reducing exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (e.g., avoiding second-hand smoke) in work and daily life may help alleviate the occurrence of UI, and serum cotinine levels have the potential to be a tool for predicting the degree of risk of developing UI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Shi
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guoqiang Zeng
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hongliang Cao
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fangqiu Yu
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shanyu Sha
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuantao Wang
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma G, Tian Y, Zi J, Hu Y, Li H, Zeng Y, Luo H, Xiong J. Systemic inflammation mediates the association between environmental tobacco smoke and depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2009-2018. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:152-159. [PMID: 38158048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with both environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and inflammation. However, whether systemic inflammation mediates the ETS-depression relationship is unclear. METHODS We analyzed 19,612 participants from the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (representing approximately 206,284,711 USA individuals), utilizing data of depressive symptoms (assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9), blood cotinine level (an ETS biomarker), dietary inflammatory index (DII, assessed by 24-h dietary recall) and inflammation, represented by immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI). RESULTS Weighted multivariable logistic regression showed that a higher blood cotinine level is significantly associated with a higher depressive symptoms risk (OR = 1.79, 1.35-2.38). After adjusting for covariates, the effect in smokers (OR = 1.220, 95 % CI: 1.140-1.309) is larger than that in non-smokers (OR = 1.150, 95 % CI: 1.009-1.318). Compared to the lowest level, depressive symptoms risks in participants with the highest level of SII, SIRI and DII are 19 % (OR = 1.19, 1.05-1.35), 15 % (OR = 1.15, 1.01-1.31) and 88 % (OR = 1.88, 1.48-2.39) higher, respectively. Weighted linear regression demonstrated positive correlations of SII (β = 0.004, 0.001-0.006), SIRI (β = 0.009, 0.005-0.012) and DII (β = 0.213, 0.187-0.240) with blood cotinine level. Restricted cubic splines model showed a linear dose-response relationship between blood cotinine and depressive symptoms (Pnon-linear = 0.410), with decreasing risk for lower DII. And SII and SIRI respectively mediate 0.21 % and 0.1 % of the association between blood cotinine and depressive symptoms. LIMITATION Cross-sectional design, and lack of medication data for depression. CONCLUSIONS Positive association of ETS (blood cotinine) with depressive symptoms risk is partly mediated by systemic inflammation, and anti-inflammatory diet could be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guochen Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoqi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxian Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hang Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wan B, Peng-Li D, Chen J, Xu P, Sun D, Chen Q, Li J, Wang M, Zheng S, Fan L, Wu X, Hu J, Chen J, Wang Z. The effect of secondhand smoke exposure on self-satisfaction and perceived freedom of life choice. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:439-445. [PMID: 35157562 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2039157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to examine whether secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) in university students can affect three indices of self-satisfaction related to depression as indiced by appearance, weight, and freedom of life choice. Participants: We collected data from 740 nonsmoking students in the summer of 2018, of which 57.84% were exposed to secondhand smoke. Methods: Depressive symptoms, SHSE, smoking status, weight satisfaction, appearance satisfaction, and freedom of life choice were self-reported via a questionnaire. Results: The generalized linear analyses revealed that SHSE was linked to lower scores of perceived freedom of life choice but not significantly associated with weight nor appearance satisfaction. The mediation analyses indicated that perceived freedom of life choice fully mediated the association between SHSE and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These findings shed light on the importance of SHSE and its effects on mental health in university students. Preventive strategies should therefore locally target university campuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Danni Peng-Li
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing China & Aarhus Denmark, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peilin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Sun
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyue Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zheng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Fan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusen Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqiu Hu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengjian Wang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang D, Ma Z, Fan Y, Chen H, Sun M, Fan F. Tobacco smoking, second-hand smoking exposure in relation to psychotic-like experiences in adolescents. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:102-112. [PMID: 37199003 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature supports that tobacco smoking and second-hand smoking (SHS) exposure were strongly associated with poor mental health in the general population. However, there is a lack of empirical data on the relationship between tobacco smoking, SHS exposure and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). This study conducted a cross-sectional survey to explore PLEs and the associations of PLEs with tobacco smoking and SHS exposure among adolescents in China. METHODS A total sample of 67 182 Chinese adolescents were recruited from Guangdong province in China (53.7% boys, mean age = 12.79 years) from December 17 to 26, 2021. All adolescents have completed self-reported questionnaires on demographic characteristics, smoking status, SHS exposure and PLEs. RESULTS Within the sample, only 1.2% of participants had an experience of tobacco smoking while approximately three-fifths reported being exposed to SHS. 10.7% of adolescents reported frequent PLEs over the past month. Adolescents who smoked showed a higher prevalence of PLEs than in non-smoking samples. After controlling for confounders, SHS exposure was a robust risk factor for PLEs with or without the effect of tobacco smoking. DISCUSSION These findings support the importance of smoke-free legislation, and anti-smoking measures in educational settings directed at both adolescents and their caregiver, which may decrease occurring rates of PLEs among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunge Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Social Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan Z, Gong X, Xu H, Wang H, Zeng N, Li L, Yan C, Wu L, Chen Y. Gender differences in the associations between tobacco smoke exposure and depressive symptoms among U.S. adults: NHANES 2007-2018. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 146:249-257. [PMID: 34799126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings concerning gender differences in the associations between tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and depression are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the gender-specific associations between active and passive TSE with depressive symptoms in a large, nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. METHODS Data were from 27,175 adults aged ≥20 years in the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for possible confounders. Whether the TSE-depression relationships may differ by age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported health status was examined. RESULTS After adjustment for lifestyle- and health-related variables, no significant associations between active (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.87-1.55]) and passive TSE (OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.59-1.19]) and depressive symptoms were found among men. Among women, active TSE was associated with depressive symptoms (OR, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.51-2.39]), while the association for passive TSE was nonsignificant (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.91-1.34]) after adjusting for lifestyle- and health-related variables. Interaction and subgroup analyses showed that self-reported health status could modify the relationship between passive TSE and depressive symptoms among women. Furthermore, a dose-response relationship between serum cotinine and depressive symptoms was found in women, but not in men. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a stronger TSE-depression association in women than in men. Understanding these gender-specific patterns and identifying the potential moderators of such relationships will enable better targeting of public health interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Fan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiayu Gong
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanfang Xu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ningxi Zeng
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Animal Laboratory Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Okekunle AP, Asowata JO, Adedokun B, Akpa OM. Secondhand smoke exposure and dyslipidemia among non-smoking adults in the United States. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e12914. [PMID: 34331323 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major public health challenge worldwide and whether secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) is associated with dyslipidemia is yet to be understood. This study evaluated the relationship between SHSE and odds of dyslipidemia among adults in the United States. We identified 3064 adults who had never smoked in the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and estimated the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the relationship between SHSE and odds of dyslipidemia using a multivariable adjusted-logistic regression at a two-sided p < 0.05. Overall, the mean age of respondents was 46.4 ± 18.0 years, 59.6% had dyslipidemia and 36.2% had SHSE. The odds of dyslipidemia among individuals with SHSE were 1.148 (1.147, 1.149) in the overall sample, 1.214 (1.214, 1.215) among women and 1.165 (1.163, 1.167) among men. The odds trended similarly independent of age groups: 1.130 (1.129, 1.131) for young adults (<60 years) and 1.304 (1.300, 1.308) for old adults (≥60 years). SHSE was associated with higher odds of dyslipidemia with higher odds among women and old adults. Primary intervention(s) targeted at reducing SHSE may show benefits in reducing the odds of dyslipidemia, and longitudinal studies would be necessary to clarify the association between SHSE and dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- The Postgraduate College, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeffery Osahon Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Adedokun
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Preventive Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Okekunle AP, Asowata JO, Lee JE, Akpa OM. Association of Environmental tobacco smoke exposure with depression among non-smoking adults. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1755. [PMID: 34565350 PMCID: PMC8474776 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a psychological dysfunction that impairs health and quality of life. However, whether environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETSE) is associated with depression is poorly understood. This study was designed to evaluate the association of ETSE with depression among non-smoking adults in the United States. Method Using the 2015–2016 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we identified 2623 adults (females – 64.2%, males – 35.8%) who had never smoked and applied multivariable adjusted-logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) at P < 0.05 for the association of ETSE with depression adjusting for relevant confounders. Results Mean age of respondents was 46.5 ± 17.9 years, 23.5% reported ETSE, and 4.7% reported depression. Also, aORs for the association of ETSE with depression were 1.992 (1.987, 1.997) among females and 0.674 (0.670, 0.677) among males. When we examined the association by age groups, the aORs were 1.792 (1.787, 1.796) among young adults (< 60 years) and 1.146 (1.140, 1.152) among older adults (≥60 years). Conclusions We found that ETSE was associated with higher odds of depression among females but not among males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Post Office200284 PMB, Ibadan, UI, 900001, Nigeria. .,The Postgraduate College, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Jeffery Osahon Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Post Office200284 PMB, Ibadan, UI, 900001, Nigeria
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea
| | - Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Post Office200284 PMB, Ibadan, UI, 900001, Nigeria. .,Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,Preventive Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akpa OM, Okekunle AP, Asowata JO, Adedokun B. Passive smoking exposure and the risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults: the 2015-2016 NHANES data. Clin Hypertens 2021; 27:1. [PMID: 33384019 PMCID: PMC7775627 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-020-00159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a major public health problem and a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, whether passive smoking exposure (PSE) is associated with the risk of hypertension is scarcely understood. This study assessed the association between PSE and the risk of hypertension among adults (≥18 years) in the United States of America. Methods Three thousand and sixty-seven adults were identified from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the association between PSE and hypertension (adjusting for relevant confounders) was examined using multivariable adjusted-logistic regression analysis at P < 0.05. Results Mean age of respondents was 46.5 ± 17.9 years. Overall, 23.7% of respondents reported PSE and 32.6% were hypertensives (of which only 14.3% were aware of their hypertensive state) Also, adjusted odds of hypertension for participants with PSE was 1.038 (1.037, 1.040), P < 0.0001, in the overall population. Also, PSE aggravated odds of hypertension among young adults – < 60 years (aOR: 1.095, 95CI%: 1.094 to 1.097), P < 0.0001, and old adults – ≥60 years (aOR: 1.110, 95% CI: 1.108 to 1.113), P < 0.0001. Similarly, PSE was associated with increased odds of hypertension among women (aOR: 1.240, 95% CI: 1.238 to 1.242), P < 0.0001 but not among men (aOR: 0.755, 95% CI: 0.754 to 0.757), P < 0.0001. Conclusions PSE was independently associated with the risk of hypertension particularly among women, young and old adults. A multi-ethnic longitudinal cohort may help ascertain causality and provide more evidence for appropriate interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40885-020-00159-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 900001 UI Post Office, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,Preventive Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria.
| | - Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 900001 UI Post Office, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,The Postgraduate College, University of Ibadan, PMB 900001, Ibadan, Nigeria. .,Nutritional Epidemiology Lab, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, Korea. .,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, Korea.
| | - Jeffery Osahon Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 900001 UI Post Office, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Adedokun
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Erdsiek F, Brzoska P. Is exposure to secondhand smoke associated with current depression (PHQ-8) among never-smokers? Results from a survey among German adults. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1880. [PMID: 33287771 PMCID: PMC7720608 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Findings on the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and depression are contradictory. Comparability of existing research is limited due to varied methods and measures. This study examines the potential association between exposure to SHS and depression and a potential moderation by sex using representative data from Germany. Methods For our study, we used data from the German Health Update (GEDA) 2014/2015 on n = 10,274 never-smokers. We calculated a logistic regression model with an interaction term for potential sex-exposure interactions. We used the self-reported duration of exposure to predict current depression of any type as defined by the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-8 (score ≥ 10), accounting for a large number of confounders. Results In our sample, prevalence of depression was 8.8% in women and 5.3% in men. 90.4% were never or almost never exposed to SHS, while 7.1% were exposed < 1 h per day and around 2.5% reported being exposed for ≥1 h per day. While SHS exposure for < 1 h per day was not associated with current depression (OR = 1.54; 95%-CI: 0.93–1.61), SHS exposure for at least 1 h per day was associated with increased odds for current depression (OR = 1.59; 95%-CI: 1.08–2.35). No sex-specific differences were found. Conclusions Higher levels of SHS exposure are associated with current depression, although the nature and direction of the association are still unclear. We identified no differences in the association between men and women. More studies, particularly using longitudinal data, are needed to determine the nature of the association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Erdsiek
- Universität Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 50, 58448, Witten, Germany.
| | - Patrick Brzoska
- Universität Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 50, 58448, Witten, Germany
| |
Collapse
|