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Zangri RM, Blanco I, Pascual T, Vázquez C. Unlocking the past: efficacy of guided self-compassion and benefit-focused online interventions for managing negative personal memories. Cogn Emot 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38635402 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2337132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Positive reappraisal strategies have been found to reduce negative affect following the recall of negative personal events. This study examined the restorative effect of two mood-repair instructions (self-compassion vs benefit-focused reappraisal) and a control condition with no instructions following a negative Mood Induction Procedure by using the guided recall of a negative autobiographical event. A total of 112 university students participated in the online study (81% women, Mage: 21.0 years). Immediately following the negative memory recall, participants were randomised to each condition [(self-compassion: n = 36, benefit-focused: n = 39) or a control condition (n = 37)]. Repeated measures ANOVAs 3 (Repair condition) × 3 (Time of mood assessment: pre-recall, post-recall, post-regulation) showed that, as expected, negative mood (sadness, shame, and guilt) worsened significantly after the guided recall in all groups (p < .001). After the mood-repair intervention, participants in the self-compassion and benefit-focused conditions showed a significant reduction in negative mood (p < .019), while such improvement was not observed in the control group. Self-compassion and benefit-focused reappraisal functioned similarly as mood repair strategies after experiencing negative affect induced by the recall of negative personal memories. Implications in the context of autobiographical memory biases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Maria Zangri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Blanco
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teodoro Pascual
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vázquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Yuan Y, Wu D, Chen Z, Chen D, Zhou Q, Jeong J, Tu Y. The relationship between self-consciousness and depression in college students: the chain mediating effect of meaning life and self-efficacy, with the moderating effect of social support. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:794. [PMID: 38481179 PMCID: PMC10938720 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the impact of self-consciousness on depression of college students, and mainly focus on confirming the mediator role of life meaningful and self-efficacy, as well as the moderator role of social support. METHODS In the present study, convenient sampling method was adopted, 583 college students were recruited from Harbin city and Wenzhou city in China. All students were assessed using self-assessment scales, including self-consciousness scale, life meaningful scale, self-efficacy scale, social support scale, and self-rating depression scale. Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis were conducted by SPSS 25.0 and M-plus. RESULTS Results showed that self-consciousness was negatively related to depression, life meaningful and self-efficacy partially mediated the relation between self-consciousness and depression. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that the relation between self-efficacy and depression were moderated bu social support. Compare with college students who had high social support, depression in those with low social support was more susceptible to the effect of self-efficacy. CONCLUSION These findings imply that college students with low levels of self-consciousness are more easy to be depressive, enhancing their sense of life meaning and self-efficacy can effectively alleviate depression, and college student with high social support can benefit more from self-efficacy. Therefore we should pay more attention to the mental health problems of low levels self-consciousness college students in university.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Procince Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Daili Wu
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | | | - Daile Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Jaesik Jeong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Yanling Tu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Zhejiang Procince Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Shame, depression, and complicated grief among suicide loss-survivors: the moderating role of self-disclosure. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2182820. [PMID: 37052086 PMCID: PMC9987731 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2182820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Suicide-loss survivors (SLSs) are recognised as an at-risk population for several psychiatric complications, including complicated grief (CG) and depression (SI). However, whereas shame is known as one of the characteristics of this population, knowledge about possible psychological processes which may moderate the contribution of shame levels to CG and depression in the aftermath of suicide loss is sparse. This study examines the role of self-disclosure - the inclination to share personal information with others - as a possible moderator of the associations of shame with CG and shame with depression over time.Method: Participants were 152 suicide-loss survivors, aged 18-70, who completed questionnaires tapping CG and depression at three time points (T1- index measurement, T2-two years after T1. and T3-four years after T1) and questionnaires tapping shame and SD at T3.Results: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that shame significantly and positively contributed to CG at T3 and to depression at T3, beyond the CG/depression trajectories. Notably, two significant interactions were found: Self-disclosure moderated the contribution of shame to CG at T3 and to depression at T3. At lower self-disclosure levels, shame's contribution to CG and depression was higher.Conclusion: The study's findings highlight shame as a significant facilitator of CG and depression in the aftermath of suicide loss. Moreover, the role of interpersonal interaction on SLSs' distress levels and grieving process was underscored, as this interaction may serve as a buffer against the deleterious sequelae of the suicide of a loved one.
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Levi-Belz Y, Blank C. The longitudinal contribution of prolonged grief to depression and suicide risk in the aftermath of suicide loss: The moderating role of self-criticism. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:658-666. [PMID: 37586648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide-loss survivors (SLSs)-individuals who lost family member to suicide, have been recognized as at risk for several mental health complications, including depression and suicide. Recent studies have emphasized the contribution of prolonged grief (PG) symptoms and suicide-related shame as facilitators of depression and suicide risk in the aftermath of suicide loss. In this six-year longitudinal design study, we examined self-criticism as a moderator of the link between PG and depression and suicide risk, with suicide-related shame mediating these links. METHOD Participants were 152 SLSs (130 females) aged 18-70 who completed questionnaires assessing prolonged grief, depression, and suicide risk as well as trauma-related shame and self-criticism. RESULTS A moderated mediation model shows that high self-criticism intensified the relations between PG and shame and between shame and depression and suicide risk, above and beyond the contribution of the longitudinal PG trajectory. Importantly, the indirect effects of PG on both depression and suicide risk via shame levels were found only among SLSs with high levels of self-criticism. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the critical longitudinal role of self-criticism in facilitating depression and suicide risk among SLSs with higher levels of PG. Theoretical implications relating to healing processes and focused clinical recommendations are discussed, including interventions for addressing self-criticism and suicide-related shame in the aftermath of suicide loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Levi-Belz
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
| | - Carmel Blank
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
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Peng W, Huang Q, Mao B, Lun D, Malova E, Simmons JV, Carcioppolo N. When guilt works: a comprehensive meta-analysis of guilt appeals. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1201631. [PMID: 37842697 PMCID: PMC10568480 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1201631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Guilt appeals are widely used as a persuasive approach in various areas of practice. However, the strength and direction of the persuasive effects of guilt appeals are mixed, which could be influenced by theoretical and methodological factors. Method The present study is a comprehensive meta-analysis of 26 studies using a random-effects model to assess the persuasive effects of guilt appeals. In total, 127 effect sizes from seven types of persuasive outcomes (i.e., guilt, attitude, behavior, behavioral intention, non-guilt emotions, motivation, and cognition) were calculated based on 7,512 participants. Results The analysis showed a small effect size of guilt appeals [g = 0.19, 95% CI (0.10, 0.28)]. The effect of guilt appeals was moderated by the theoretical factors related to appraisal and coping of guilt arousal, including attributed responsibility, controllability and stability of the causal factors, the proximity of perceiver-victim relationship, recommendation of reparative behaviors, and different outcome types. The effect was also associated with methods used in different studies. Discussion Overall, the findings demonstrated the persuasive effects of guilt appeals, but theoretical and methodological factors should be considered in the design and testing of guilt appeals. We also discussed the practical implications of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Communication, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Bingjing Mao
- TSET Health Promotion and Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Di Lun
- Department of Health Disparities Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ekaterina Malova
- Simon Business School, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jazmyne V. Simmons
- Division of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Nick Carcioppolo
- School of Communication, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
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Bottomley JS, Campbell KW, Titlestad KB, Feigelman W, Rheingold AA. Predictors of Stigma, Guilt, and Shame among Adults Bereaved by Fatal Overdose. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231194208. [PMID: 37553120 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231194208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
With the spectacular rise of US overdose deaths, bereavement for these affected families has become a matter of increasing concern. Qualitative research has highlighted the role of stigmatization as well as guilt and shame among this population. However, the magnitude and pre-death predictors of stigmatization, guilt, and shame have yet to be assessed quantitatively. In the current study, we assess the magnitude of stigmatization, guilt, and shame among 115 adults bereaved by overdose by drawing comparisons with 185 adults bereaved by suicide. Results revealed no significant differences regarding overall levels of stigmatization, guilt, and shame between the overdose and suicide bereaved. Among the overdose bereaved, regression models indicated a number of pre-death factors associated with stigmatization, guilt, and shame, such as the frequency of the decedent's drug use, family drug use severity, and interpersonal conflict between the bereaved and the decedent. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamison S Bottomley
- National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kristine B Titlestad
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Alyssa A Rheingold
- National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
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Zheng X, Tong L, Zhang C, Zhang C, Zhang C, Wan B. Modifiable risk factors of major depressive disorder: A Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289419. [PMID: 37535610 PMCID: PMC10399902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying modifiable risk factors early on is essential to prevent major depressive disorder (MDD). This study systematically investigated the causal relationship between 19 modifiable risk factors and MDD. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with 19 potentially modifiable risk factors were screened via the genome-wide association study (GWAS) enrolling individuals of European descent. Summary-level data for MDD (59,851 cases and 113,154 controls) were extracted from the UK Biobank. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the primary analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the MR-Egger method, the Maximum likelihood method, the MR-pleiotropy residual sum outlier (MR-PRESSO) method, and MR-robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) method. MR-Egger regression, heterogeneity tests, pleiotropy tests, and leave-one-out tests were also performed to analyze sensitivity. The MR Steiger test was used to verify the directionality of the exposure to the outcome. Genetically predicted smoking initiation increased the risk of MDD (P = 6.00E-09), while smoking status: never and past tobacco smoking decreased the risk of MDD (all P < 0.01). In addition, education level was inversely associated with MDD risk (all P < 0.01). Genetically instrumented sleeplessness/insomnia, daytime naps, and nap during the day were positively related to the risk of MDD (all P < 0.01). Personal feelings, including guilt, hurt, tension, and worry too long after an embarrassing experience, had a suggestive increased risk for MDD (all P < 0.000). The remaining five modifiable risk factors were all causally associated with the risk of MDD, including neuroticism, neuroticism scores, body mass index (BMI), average total household income before tax, and types of physical activity in the last 4 weeks (all P < 0.01). All 19 potentially modifiable risk factors were causally associated with the risk of MDD. The main hypothesis of this MR study was that identifying and intervening in these 19 potentially modifiable risk factors could be beneficial to the prevention and treatment of MDD and further reduce mortality and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bangbei Wan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
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8
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Levi-Belz Y. Interpersonal facilitators of complicated grief and depression in the aftermath of suicide loss: The mediated roles of suicide-related shame and guilt. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:680-691. [PMID: 37439284 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide-loss survivors (SLSs) are recognized as an at-risk population for several mental health complications, including complicated grief (CG) and depression. Recent studies have emphasized the contribution of interpersonal factors as well as suicide-related shame and guilt as facilitators of CG and depression among SLSs. In this 6 year longitudinal design study, we examined interpersonal variables as predictors of CG and depression, with suicide-related guilt and shame as mediators. METHOD Participants were 152 SLSs aged 18-70 who completed questionnaires assessing thwarted belongingness, self-disclosure, and social support at index measurement (T1); suicide-related shame and guilt and CG and depression were assessed 6 years later (T2). RESULTS The integrated model revealed that the interpersonal factors of social support and self-disclosure at T1 significantly and negatively predict CG and depression (respectively) at T2. Thwarted belongingness was found to significantly and positively predict both CG and depression through the mediation of suicide-related shame levels. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the critical role of interpersonal factors in facilitating CG and depression among SLSs. Theoretical implications relating to healing processes are discussed, as well as focused clinical recommendations, including psychoeducational interventions for addressing interpersonal difficulties and suicide-related shame in the aftermath of suicide loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Levi-Belz
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
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9
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Levi-Belz Y, Ben-Yaish T. Prolonged Grief Symptoms among Suicide-Loss Survivors: The Contribution of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Characteristics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710545. [PMID: 36078261 PMCID: PMC9518413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide-loss survivors (SLSs) are a population with unique characteristics that place them at increased risk for developing grief complications and painful feelings of guilt that may impact their supportive social environment. However, no studies to date have examined the role of intrapersonal and interpersonal variables that may contribute to prolonged grief symptoms (PGS) as outlined by the new DSM-5 criteria. The present study aimed to extend knowledge regarding the role of interpersonal variables, such as perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and self-disclosure, in determining the impact of guilt on the development of PGS among SLSs. METHOD This study is part of a longitudinal study, though, in this study, we used a cross-sectional examination of the recently completed fourth measurement. Study participants included 152 SLSs aged 22 to 76 who completed questionnaires measuring guilt, depression, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, self-disclosure, and PGS using the Prolonged Grief-Revised Inventory. Participants' demographics and loss-related characteristics, such as time since suicide and participant's age at the time of suicide, were examined. RESULTS Confirming the hypotheses, intrapersonal variables (i.e., guilt and depression), as well as interpersonal variables (i.e., perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and self-disclosure), contributed significantly to PGS beyond sociodemographic and loss-related factors. Perceived burdensomeness significantly moderated the contribution of guilt to PGS: for participants with high burdensomeness levels, guilt contributed to PGS more strongly than for participants with low burdensomeness. CONCLUSION Guilt is an important contributor to PGS among SLSs, and perceived burdensomeness plays a critical role in moderating this contribution. In light of these findings, it can be suggested that SLSs with high levels of guilt should receive special attention and may benefit from therapeutic interventions focusing on reducing maladaptive cognitions that elicit intense guilt or perceived burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Levi-Belz
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer 40250, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-9-8983028; Fax: +972-9-8983022
| | - Tamir Ben-Yaish
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer 40250, Israel
- Clinical Psychology of Adulthood and Aging M.A. Program, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer 40250, Israel
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Muziki JD, Uwera T, Niyonsenga J, Nshimiyimana A, Sebatukura SG, Mutabaruka J. Negative emotions and personal well-being among incarcerated filicide mothers in Rwanda. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271255. [PMID: 35895737 PMCID: PMC9328529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous evidence of the harmful effects of maternal filicide on the lives of offenders, there is a scarcity on studies of their negative emotions and personal wellbeing especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, this study was primarily aimed at assessing the prevalence of negative emotions experienced by filicide mothers and how they were associated with personal wellbeing in Rwanda. With an institutional-based cross-sectional study design, we measured the symptoms of anxiety, anger, shame, guilt, depression and personal well-being in a convenient sample of 55 filicidal mothers (mean age = 26.69; SD = 6.88) who were incarcerated in Nyarugenge prison. SPSS (version 24) was used to compute descriptive, Pearson correlation, independent t-test and regression analyses. The results indicated that the rates of shame were (100%), guilt (98.2%), anxiety (92.7%), depression (92.7%), low happiness and satisfaction with life (81.8%), and anger was (76.4%) in the current sample. Based on age category, there was no significant difference in anger scores, depression, guilt, shame and personal well-being scores between young and adult filicide mothers (p>.05). Young filicide mothers (M = 14.55, SD = 4.03), on the other hand, had higher anxiety scores than adult filicide mothers (M = 11.57, SD = 4.72), t = 2.52, p = .015. Finally, anxiety (β = -.507, t = -3.478, p = .001) and age (β = -.335, t = -2.685, p < .001) were negatively associated with personal well-being. The results emerged from this study highlight that filicide mothers experience substantial negative emotions and poor personal wellbeing regardless of their age category. However, poor personal wellbeing was associated with anxiety and age. Based on these results, mental health professionals should examine their mental state with respect to negative emotions and initiate programs that decrease the emotions as well as increase personal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean d’Amour Muziki
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences of University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- * E-mail:
| | - Thaoussi Uwera
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences of University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Japhet Niyonsenga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences of University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Mental Health & Behaviour Research Group, College of Medicine and Health Sciences of University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Augustin Nshimiyimana
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences of University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Siméon Gitimbwa Sebatukura
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences of University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- * E-mail:
| | - Jean Mutabaruka
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences of University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Lechner-Meichsner F, Comtesse H. Beliefs About Causes and Cures of Prolonged Grief Disorder Among Arab and Sub-Saharan African Refugees. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:852714. [PMID: 35479495 PMCID: PMC9037322 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.852714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many refugees have experienced the death of a loved one under traumatic circumstances. Accordingly, the prevalence of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) among refugees is high. Culture-specific symptoms of PGD have been described previously, but beliefs about causes and cures of PGD among refugees remain unknown. We therefore aimed at identifying illness beliefs and treatment expectations regarding PGD among refugees. Method We focused on refugees from Arab countries (n = 14) and from Sub-Sahara Africa (n = 9) and applied qualitative and quantitative methods. In a semi-structured interview, participants first answered questions about assumed causes and potential cures for prototypical PGD symptoms according to ICD-11 that were presented in a vignette as representatives of their own culture. In the quantitative part, they completed the Cause Subscale of the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) that included additional culture-specific items. Interviews were analyzed with Qualitative Content Analysis. Results In both groups of refugees, PGD symptoms were predominantly attributed to a close relationship to the deceased, lack of social support, personal vulnerabilities, and circumstances of the death. Participants also named a number of flight-related causes (e.g., inability to perform or participate in rituals, feeling isolated in the host country). None of the participants attributed PGD symptoms to supernatural causes. Descriptive analyses of responses on the IPQ-R indicated that participants predominantly attributed PGD symptoms to psychological causes. Participants believed that PGD can be cured and predominantly mentioned social and religious support. Psychological help was only mentioned by a minority of participants. In both groups, participants emphasized that a therapist must be familiar with the patient's culture and rituals. Participants also mentioned stigma associated with seeking psychological help. Conclusion Results suggest specific beliefs of refugees regarding causes and cures of PGD as well as similarities with Western conceptualizations. A culture-sensitive approach to the treatment of PGD in refugees that can include knowledge of culture-specific rituals and incorporating religious beliefs as well as decreasing stigma and increasing mental health literacy seem important. The study is limited by its focus on only two groups of refugees and its small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lechner-Meichsner
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannah Comtesse
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
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12
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Blackburn AM, Xu B, Gibson L, Wright EC, Ohye BY. The effect of intimate partner violence on treatment response in an intensive outpatient program for suicide-bereaved military widows. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2022.2040918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allyson M. Blackburn
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Bingyu Xu
- Home Base: A Massachusetts General Hospital and Boston Red Sox Foundation Program
| | - Lauren Gibson
- Home Base: A Massachusetts General Hospital and Boston Red Sox Foundation Program
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Philadelphia VA Medical Center
| | - Edward C. Wright
- Home Base: A Massachusetts General Hospital and Boston Red Sox Foundation Program
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Bonnie Y. Ohye
- Home Base: A Massachusetts General Hospital and Boston Red Sox Foundation Program
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
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13
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Hamama L, Levin-Dagan N. People who contracted COVID-19: the mediating role of shame and guilt in the link between threatening illness perception and mental health measures. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2021; 35:72-85. [PMID: 34347556 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1964073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of a range of people, including healthcare workers, the general population, and COVID-19 patients. This study examined the psychological distress, negative affect, and positive affect of people who contracted COVID-19 in Israel, and their relation to threatening illness perception, guilt, and shame.Design: Cross-sectional design.Methods: Three hundred and fifty-one participants who had contracted COVID-19 completed self-report questionnaires assessing the study variables.Results: The results revealed a direct positive link between threatening COVID-19 illness perception and psychological distress and negative affect, and a negative link with positive affect. In addition, shame and guilt were significant mediators; namely, threatening COVID-19 illness perception was linked with negative affect via guilt, and with psychological distress, negative affect, and positive affect via shame.Conclusions: Illness perception, shame, and guilt may have a significant negative effect on the mental health of people who contracted COVID-19, and should be acknowledged and addressed by professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Hamama
- School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naama Levin-Dagan
- School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Israel.,Tel Aviv. Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
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Wagner B, Hofmann L, Grafiadeli R. The relationship between guilt, depression, prolonged grief, and posttraumatic stress symptoms after suicide bereavement. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:2545-2558. [PMID: 34081784 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A profound feeling of guilt and its role in complicating psychological reactions are accepted as central issues in suicide bereavement. However, research examining the relationship of guilt with mental disorders commonly following suicide bereavement is still lacking. This study aimed to examine the association between guilt and symptoms of depression, prolonged grief disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after suicide bereavement, as well as its moderating role in the association between the time which elapsed since bereavement and psychopathological symptoms. METHODS 154 self-selected adult German participants bereaved by suicide completed online questionnaires assessing sociodemographics, characteristics related to the loss, guilt, depression, prolonged grief, and PTSD. RESULTS Significant positive correlations were found between guilt and all assessed psychopathological symptoms. Further, guilt was a significant correlate with symptoms of depression, prolonged grief, PTSD over and above sociodemographic factors, and time that elapsed since the loss. Guilt furthermore moderated the link between the time which elapsed since bereavement and depressive symptoms, while this effect was not observed for prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings replicate theoretical frameworks linking feelings of guilt with mental disorders after suicide bereavement. Accordingly, they highlight the necessity to adapt psychotherapeutic interventions according to the specific needs of this population to maximize treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wagner
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Hofmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Han K, Kim MY, Sohn YW, Kim YH. The effect of suppressing guilt and shame on the immoral decision-making process. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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