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Scarlett H, Wiernik E, van der Waerden J. Longitudinal trajectories and associated risk factors of paternal mental illness in the nine years surrounding the transition to fatherhood. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:363-374. [PMID: 38986876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arrival of one's first child is a known risk factor for mental illness, yet investigations on fathers' mental health are limited. We conducted a longitudinal investigation on paternal depression and anxiety in the nine years surrounding the transition to fatherhood. METHODS Using a national cohort of French men (CONSTANCES, n = 6299), we investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of mental illness amongst first-time fathers. Responses to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) scales were used to identify clinically significant symptom scores. Self-declared mental illness was also reported by participants. Group-based modelling was used to identify latent trajectory groups for both measures. RESULTS Levels of self-declared anxiety (averaging 4.9 % pre-fatherhood, 7.8 % post) exceeded that of depression (1.9 % pre- fatherhood, 3.3 % post) or other disorders. However, rates of clinically significant symptom scores (17-27 %) were consistently higher. Participants' mental health appeared to worsen from two-years prior to their child's arrival and improve from two-years after. We identified three trajectory groups for fathers' self-declared mental illness: Low stable (90.3 %); Low risk with high temporary increase (5.6 %); and Consistent high risk (4.1 %). Risk factors associated with worsening mental health trajectories were unemployment, not living with one's partner, having had adverse childhood experiences and foregoing healthcare due to financial reasons. LIMITATIONS All measures of mental illness relied on participant self-reports and are thus subject to bias. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an important period of heightened psychological vulnerability amongst first-time fathers, emphasising the need for increased and better adapted paternal mental health screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honor Scarlett
- UMR-S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- UMS 011 Population-based Cohorts Unit, Paris Cité University, Paris Saclay University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- UMR-S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Paris, France
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Abd Rahim MH, Ibrahim MI, Ab Rahman A, Yaacob NM, Hashim NSF. Emotional and Behavioural Problems among Preschool Children in Northeast Peninsular Malaysia: Parent Report Version. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1828. [PMID: 37444662 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of mental health disorders among children is a serious concern. Young children who exhibit early warning signs of mental health issues are more likely to develop symptoms in the same or overlapping regions years later. The research aimed to identify emotional and behavioural problems and associated factors in Malaysian preschools. A sample of young children aged 4-6 years from public and private preschools was chosen using a multistage random sampling method. Data were collected from 18 preschools via a parent survey using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The sample involved 557 children in the SDQ assessment (92%). The overall estimated prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems was 8.4%. Peer problems were the most prevalent attribute, with a percentage of 19.7%. Conduct problems were found in 5.2%, hyperactivity problems in 5.6%, prosocial behaviours in 13.5%, and emotional problems in 6.8%. Girls showed a significant increase in behavioural and emotional problems compared to boys. Having one parent working, having more than two siblings, and having a single-parent family were associated with emotional and behavioural problems. The prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in Malaysian children was relatively low compared to data from previous studies and other Asian countries but consistent with European studies. Measuring mental health disparities in young children helps stakeholders launch local early intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hazni Abd Rahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azriani Ab Rahman
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Najib Majdi Yaacob
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Syuhada Farhanis Hashim
- Unit of Psychology Counselling, Bachok District Health Office, Kelantan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Bachok 16300, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Zweifel JE, Woodward JT. The risky business of advanced paternal age: neurodevelopmental and psychosocial implications for children of older fathers. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:1013-1021. [PMID: 36347660 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The last several decades are notable for an increase in the percentage of births attributable to men in their 40s and 50s. There is general recognition of offspring health risks related to advanced maternal age, however, fewer patients and providers are informed about the impacts of advanced paternal age (APA). This review examined the literature investigating the association between APA and offspring outcomes, specifically, neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, academic, and behavioral impairment, the impact of paternal health decline and death, and the influence of age on parenting behaviors. This analysis revealed that children, and even grandchildren, of older fathers face significantly increased incidence rates of psychiatric disease and behavioral impairment. The data do not show evidence of superior parenting behaviors among men with APA. Finally, children of men with APA are significantly more likely to experience early bereavement, which is associated with psychological and developmental consequences. An understanding of the degree to which APA can negatively impact the offspring is imperative for patient counseling and development of practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne E Zweifel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Julia T Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Fertility Center, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Fertility Center, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Bailhache M, Monnier M, Moulin F, Thierry X, Vandentorren S, Côté SM, Falissard B, Simeon T, Geay B, Marchand L, Dufourg MN, Charles MA, Ancel PY, Melchior M, Rouquette A, Galera C. Emotional and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms of preterm vs. full-term children during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1749-1756. [PMID: 35354927 PMCID: PMC8964926 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm children are at higher risk of developing mental health problems than full-term children. Deterioration of children's mental health was observed during COVID-19 pandemic restrictive measures. Our study compared emotional and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms during school closure between preterm and full-term children. METHODS Data from two French birth cohorts-ELFE and EPIPAGE-2-were used. In 2011, infants born ≥22 weeks' gestation were recruited. Parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire when the children were 9 years old and experiencing school closure. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were used. RESULTS Subjects included 4164 full-term and 1119 preterm children. In univariate analyses, compared to full-term children: extremely and very preterm children more frequently had abnormal and borderline ADHD scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50-2.30, OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08-1.85, respectively) and abnormal emotional scores (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.43-2.40); moderate to late preterm children more often had abnormal ADHD scores (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.78). The associations did not remain when previous symptoms at 5 years old were considered. CONCLUSIONS School closure during lockdown did not appear to increase the risk of mental health problems in preterm compared to full-term children. IMPACT STATEMENT Preterm children are at higher risk of developing mental health problems than full-term children. Deterioration in children's mental health was observed during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. However, whether preterm children were a particularly vulnerable subgroup during school closure is unclear. In univariate analyses, extremely and very preterm children more often had abnormal and borderline ADHD symptoms and abnormal emotional symptom scores than full-term children. The associations did not remain significantly associated when previous symptoms were considered. Preterm compared to full-term children more often suffer from ADHD and emotional symptoms, but school closure during lockdown did not appear to increase this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bailhache
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de pediatrie, Place Amélie Raba Léon, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. .,Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. .,Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Maeva Monnier
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ,grid.508062.90000 0004 8511 8605Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Flore Moulin
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ,grid.508062.90000 0004 8511 8605Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Thierry
- grid.77048.3c0000 0001 2286 7412National Institute for Demographic Studies, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- grid.493975.50000 0004 5948 8741Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Sylvana M. Côté
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Departement of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bruno Falissard
- grid.12832.3a0000 0001 2323 0229CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Thierry Simeon
- grid.443947.90000 0000 9751 7639Ined Inserm EFS joint unit ELFE, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Geay
- grid.443947.90000 0000 9751 7639Ined Inserm EFS joint unit ELFE, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Marchand
- grid.507621.7Université de Paris, INSERM, INRAE Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie N. Dufourg
- grid.443947.90000 0000 9751 7639Ined Inserm EFS joint unit ELFE, Paris, France
| | - Marie A. Charles
- grid.443947.90000 0000 9751 7639Ined Inserm EFS joint unit ELFE, Paris, France ,grid.507621.7Université de Paris, INSERM, INRAE Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Y. Ancel
- grid.507621.7Université de Paris, INSERM, INRAE Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- grid.12832.3a0000 0001 2323 0229CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France ,grid.413784.d0000 0001 2181 7253Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cédric Galera
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ,grid.508062.90000 0004 8511 8605Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France ,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CH Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
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