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Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Grilli MD, Raichlen DA, Hishaw GA, Huentelman MJ, Trouard TP, Alexander GE. Impact of age and apolipoprotein E ε4 status on regional white matter hyperintensity volume and cognition in healthy aging. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38515367 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617724000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE White matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume is a neuroimaging marker of lesion load related to small vessel disease that has been associated with cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. METHOD The present study sought to examine whether regional WMH volume mediates the relationship between APOE ε4 status, a strong genetic risk factor for AD, and cognition and if this association is moderated by age group differences within a sample of 187 healthy older adults (APOE ε4 status [carrier/non-carrier] = 56/131). RESULTS After we controlled for sex, education, and vascular risk factors, ANCOVA analyses revealed significant age group by APOE ε4 status interactions for right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes. Within the young-old group (50-69 years), ε4 carriers had greater right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes than non-carriers. However, in the old-old group (70-89 years), right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes were comparable across APOE ε4 groups. Further, within ε4 non-carriers, old-old adults had greater right parietal and left temporal WMH volumes than young-old adults, but there were no significant differences across age groups in ε4 carriers. Follow-up moderated mediation analyses revealed that, in the young-old, but not the old-old group, there were significant indirect effects of ε4 status on memory and executive functions through left temporal WMH volume. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, among healthy young-old adults, increased left temporal WMH volume, in the context of the ε4 allele, may represent an early marker of cognitive aging with the potential to lead to greater risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew D Grilli
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Theodore P Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Yang T, Xiao Y, Cheng Y, Huang J, Wei Q, Li C, Shang H. Epigenetic clocks in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:1064-1070. [PMID: 36963821 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological ageing is one of the principal risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that acceleration of DNA methylation age, as measured by the epigenetic clock, is closely associated with many age-related diseases. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify eligible studies reporting epigenetic clocks in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD). RESULTS Twenty-three studies (12 for AD, 4 for PD, 5 for ALS, and 2 for HD) were included. We systematically summarised the clinical utility of 11 epigenetic clocks (based on blood and brain tissues) in assessing the risk factors, age of onset, diagnosis, progression, prognosis and pathology of AD, PD, ALS and HD. We also critically described our current understandings to these evidences, and further discussed key challenges, potential mechanisms and future perspectives of epigenetic ageing in neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic clocks hold great potential in neurodegenerative diseases. Further research is encouraged to evaluate the clinical utility and promote the application. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022365233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangfan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Tang X, Wang Y, Simó R, Stehouwer CDA, Zhou JB. The Association Between Diabetes Duration and Domain-Specific Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1435-1446. [PMID: 36641674 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a risk factor for cognitive impairment, and disease duration is associated with geriatric decline and functional disabilities. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association of diabetes duration with domain-specific cognitive impairment in elderly. METHODS A total of 3,142 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from the period between 2011 and 2014 were included. We assessed cognitive function using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the CERAD Word Learning (CERAD-WL) test, the CERAD Delayed Recall (CERAD-DR) test and animal fluency (AF) test. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, and annual household income, we found that diabetes with a duration longer than 20 years were at 3.32-fold increased risk of DSST impairment (OR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.95 to 5.67), 1.72-fold increased risk of CERAD-WL impairment (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.62), and 1.76-fold increased risk of AF impairment (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.53), compared with those with no diabetes. Associations were generally stronger in women than in men. Participants with diabetes, who were diagnosed at 50-59 years old were at increased risk of DSST impairment, CERAD-WL impairment, CERAD-DR impairment, and AF impairment per 5 years longer duration of diabetes. CONCLUSION Longer diabetes duration was associated with the increased risk of cognitive impairment, especially in processing speed and attention. The presence of chronic kidney disease was associated with the increased risk of DSST impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Tang
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rafael Simó
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jian-Bo Zhou
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Coto-Vílchez C, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Mora-Villalobos L, Valerio D, Genis-Mendoza AD, Silverman JM, Nicolini H, Raventós H, Chavarria-Soley G. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in nonagenarians suggests an effect of PM20D1 in late onset Alzheimer's disease. CNS Spectr 2021; 28:1-27. [PMID: 34911598 DOI: 10.1017/s109285292100105x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the genomes of a sample of cognitively healthy individuals and a sample of individuals with LOAD, all of them nonagenarians from Costa Rica.MethodsIn this study, we compared whole blood DNA methylation profiles of 32 individuals: 21 cognitively healthy and 11 with LOAD, using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. First, we calculated the epigenetic age of the participants based on Horvath’s epigenetic clock. DMRcate and Bumphunter were used to identify DMRs. After in silico and knowledge-based filtering of the DMRs, we performed a methylation quantitative loci (mQTL) analysis (rs708727 and rs960603).ResultsOn average, the epigenetic age was 73 years in both groups, which represents a difference of over 20 years between epigenetic and chronological age in both affected and unaffected individuals. Methylation analysis revealed 11 DMRs between groups, which contain six genes and two pseudogenes. These genes are involved in cell cycle regulation, embryogenesis, synthesis of ceramides, and migration of interneurons to the cerebral cortex. One of the six genes is PM20D1, for which altered expression has been reported in LOAD. After genotyping previously reported mQTL SNPs for the gene, we found that average methylation in the PM20D1 DMR differs between genotypes for rs708727, but not for rs960603.ConclusionsThis work supports the possible role of PM20D1 in protection against AD, by showing differential methylation in blood of affected and unaffected nonagenarians. Our results also support the influence of genetic factors on PM20D1 methylation levels.
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Silverman JM, Schmeidler J, Lee PG, Alexander NB, Beeri MS, Guerrero-Berroa E, West RK, Sano M, Nabozny M, Rodriguez Alvarez C. Associations of hemoglobin A1c with cognition reduced for long diabetes duration. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2020; 5:926-932. [PMID: 31890856 PMCID: PMC6926347 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Associations of some risk factors with poor cognition, identified prior to age 75, are reduced or reversed in very old age. The Protected Survivor Model predicts this interaction due to enhanced survival of those with extended risk factor duration. In a younger sample, this study examines the association of cognition with the mean hemoglobin A1c risk factor over the time at risk, according to its duration. Methods The interaction of mean hemoglobin A1c (average = 9.8%), evaluated over duration (average = 116.8 months), was examined for overall cognition and three cognitive domains in a sample of 150 “young-old” veterans (mean age = 70) with type 2 diabetes. Results The predicted interactions were significant for overall cognition and attention, but not executive functions/language and memory. Discussion Findings extend the Protected Survivor Model to a “young-old” sample, from the very old. This model suggests focusing on individuals with good cognition despite prolonged high risk when seeking protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Silverman
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: (718) 584-9000 x 1700; Fax: (718) 562-9120.
| | - James Schmeidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pearl G. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Neil B. Alexander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Guerrero-Berroa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca K. West
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Nabozny
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abstract
The older Finnish Twin Cohort (FTC) was established in 1974. The baseline survey was in 1975, with two follow-up health surveys in 1981 and 1990. The fourth wave of assessments was done in three parts, with a questionnaire study of twins born during 1945-1957 in 2011-2012, while older twins were interviewed and screened for dementia in two time periods, between 1999 and 2007 for twins born before 1938 and between 2013 and 2017 for twins born in 1938-1944. The content of these wave 4 assessments is described and some initial results are described. In addition, we have invited twin-pairs, based on response to the cohortwide surveys, to participate in detailed in-person studies; these are described briefly together with key results. We also review other projects based on the older FTC and provide information on the biobanking of biosamples and related phenotypes.
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Distinct age-related associations for body mass index and cognition in cognitively healthy very old veterans. Int Psychogeriatr 2019; 31:895-899. [PMID: 30719960 PMCID: PMC6625833 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610218001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTAssociations between high body mass index (BMI) and subsequent cognitive decline, reported in elderly averaging below age 75, become less consistent at older ages. We compared the associations of BMI with cognition in moderately old (ages 75-84, N = 154) and oldest-old (85+, N = 93) samples. BMI and cognition were assessed cross-sectionally in cognitively intact elderly (mean age = 84.5, SD = 4.4) male veterans. Regression analyses of three cognitive domains - executive functions/language, attention, and memory-compared relationship with BMI between the moderately old and oldest-old. Higher BMI was associated with relatively poorer executive functions/language performance in the moderately old, while the opposite relationship, higher BMI associated with relatively better performance, was found in the oldest-old. Associations for the other two cognitive domains did not differ significantly between age groups. The reversal of association direction for executive functions/language performance with higher BMI is consistent with the protected survivor model. This model posits a minority subpopulation with a protective factor-genetic or otherwise-against both mortality and cognitive decline associated with risk factor status. The very old who remain cognitively intact despite the presence of risk factors are more likely to possess protection.
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The effect of APOE genotype on Alzheimer's disease risk is influenced by sex and docosahexaenoic acid status. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:209-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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O'Donoghue MC, Murphy SE, Zamboni G, Nobre AC, Mackay CE. APOE genotype and cognition in healthy individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease: A review. Cortex 2018; 104:103-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Zahodne LB, Schupf N, Brickman AM, Mayeux R, Wall MM, Stern Y, Manly JJ. Dementia Risk and Protective Factors Differ in the Context of Memory Trajectory Groups. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:1013-20. [PMID: 27079709 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has identified multiple risk and protective factors for late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). However, it is not known whether these risk and protective factors differ for individuals who are cognitively stable versus those already experiencing declines. OBJECTIVE This study examined how dementia risk factors differ across subgroups of older adults defined by memory trajectory. This line of research may lead to more individualized risk profiles. METHODS Risk factors for incident LOAD were compared across previously-validated groups of older adults exhibiting different memory trajectories ("Stable-High," "Stable-Low," "Decliner," "Rapid Decliner") using stratified Cox regressions. Participants included 2,593 racially/ethnically diverse older adults (mean age of 76 at study entry) in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project. RESULTS Predictors of incident dementia differed across trajectory groups: older age only incurred independent risk in stable groups, education did not incur independent protection in the rapidly declining group, depression only incurred independent risk in the stable-low group, stroke incurred independent risk in the two extreme groups, and APOE-ɛ4 only incurred independent risk in the rapidly declining group. CONCLUSION The finding that different risk factors for LOAD were associated with specific memory trajectories may reflect the existence of resilience or vulnerability factors that modify the individual influences of risk/protective factors. This study highlights the utility of considering interactions between dementia risk factors and a patient's unique cognitive history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Zahodne
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie M Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Genome-wide significant risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: role in progression to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease among subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:153-160. [PMID: 26976043 PMCID: PMC5414086 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Few data are available concerning the role of risk markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in progression to AD dementia among subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We therefore investigated the role of well-known AD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the progression from MCI to AD dementia. Four independent MCI data sets were included in the analysis: (a) the German study on Aging, Cognition and Dementia in primary care patients (n=853); (b) the German Dementia Competence Network (n=812); (c) the Fundació ACE from Barcelona, Spain (n=1245); and (d) the MCI data set of the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort (n=306). The effects of single markers and combined polygenic scores were measured using Cox proportional hazards models and meta-analyses. The clusterin (CLU) locus was an independent genetic risk factor for MCI to AD progression (CLU rs9331888: hazard ratio (HR)=1.187 (1.054-1.32); P=0.0035). A polygenic score (PGS1) comprising nine established genome-wide AD risk loci predicted a small effect on the risk of MCI to AD progression in APOE-ɛ4 (apolipoprotein E-ɛ4) carriers (HR=1.746 (1.029-2.965); P=0.038). The novel AD loci reported by the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project were not implicated in MCI to AD dementia progression. SNP-based polygenic risk scores comprising currently available AD genetic markers did not predict MCI to AD progression. We conclude that SNPs in CLU are potential markers for MCI to AD progression.
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Royall DR, Palmer RF. Aging is a weak but relentless determinant of dementia severity. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13307-18. [PMID: 26930722 PMCID: PMC4924643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural Equation Models (SEM) can explicitly distinguish "dementia-relevant" variance in cognitive task performance (i.e., "δ" for dementia). In prior work, δ appears to uniquely account for dementia severity regardless of the cognitive measures used to construct it. In this study, we test δ as a mediator of age's prospective association with future cognitive performance and dementia severity in a large, ethnically diverse longitudinal cohort, the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC). Age had adverse effects on future cognition, and these were largely mediated through δ, independently of education, ethnicity, gender, depression ratings, serum homo-cysteine levels, hemoglobin A1c, and apolipoprotein e4 status. Age explained 4% of variance in δ, and through it, 11-18% of variance in future cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that normative aging is a dementing condition (i.e., a "senility"). While the majority of variance in dementia severity must be independent of age, age's specific effect is likely to accumulate over the lifespan. Our findings also constrain age's dementing effects on cognition to the age-related fraction of "general intelligence" (Spearman's "g"). That has broad biological and pathophysiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R. Royall
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- The South Texas Veterans' Health System, Audie L. Murphy Division GRECC, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raymond F. Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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O'Hara R, Hallmayer J. Coming of age of genetic investigations in late-life mental health. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:953-6. [PMID: 25217024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth O'Hara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA.
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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Prada D, Colicino E, Power MC, Cox DG, Weisskopf MG, Hou L, Spiro III A, Vokonas P, Zhong J, Sanchez-Guerra M, Herrera LA, Schwartz J, Baccarelli AA. Influence of multiple APOE genetic variants on cognitive function in a cohort of older men - results from the Normative Aging Study. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:223. [PMID: 25085564 PMCID: PMC4149270 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOE is the biomarker with the greatest known influence on cognitive function; however, the effect of complex haplotypes involving polymorphisms rs449647, rs405509, rs440446, rs429358 and rs7412 has never been studied in older populations. METHODS We evaluated APOE polymorphisms using multiplex PCR for genotyping and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluate cognitive function in 819 individuals from VA Normative Aging Study. RESULTS Combinatorial analysis of all polymorphisms and individual analysis of polymorphisms rs449647, rs405509, rs440446 and rs7412 did not show any association with cognitive performance. Polymorphism rs429358 was associated with better cognitive performance (odds of MMSE ≤ 25 = 0.63, 95% CI 0.42-0.95; p = 0.03) in the oldest subsample (5th quintile of age) (odds of MMSE ≤ 25 = 0.34; 95% CI 0.13-0.86; p = 0.02). APOE allele ε4 was also associated with better cognitive performance (odds of MMSE ≤ 25 = 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.94; p = 0.02), also in the oldest subsample (odds of MMSE ≤ 25 = 0.35, 95% CI 0.14-0.90; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a beneficial effect of polymorphism rs429358 in the oldest men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diddier Prada
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,Instituto Nacional de Cancerología – Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 14080 Mexico ,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510 Mexico
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Melinda C Power
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N, Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - David G Cox
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000 France ,Centre Léon Bérard, Pole de Recherche Translationnelle, Lyon, F-69008 France
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 East Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Avron Spiro III
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130 USA ,Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130 USA ,Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Jia Zhong
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Marco Sanchez-Guerra
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología – Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 14080 Mexico
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston 02115, MA, USA.
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