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Isom M, Go EP, Desaire H. Enabling Lipidomic Biomarker Studies for Protected Populations by Combining Noninvasive Fingerprint Sampling with MS Analysis and Machine Learning. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2805-2814. [PMID: 38171506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols and wax esters are two lipid classes that have been linked to diseases, including autism, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, cardiovascular disease, dry eye disease, and diabetes, and thus are molecules worthy of biomarker exploration studies. Since triacylglycerols and wax esters make up the majority of skin-surface lipid secretions, a viable sampling method for these potential biomarkers would be that of groomed latent fingerprints. Currently, however, blood-based sampling protocols predominate in the field. The invasiveness of a blood draw limits its utility to protected populations, including children and the elderly. Herein we describe a noninvasive means for sample collection (from fingerprints) paired with fast MS data-acquisition (MassIVE data set MSV000092742) and efficient data analysis via machine learning. Using both supervised and unsupervised classification, we demonstrate the usefulness of this method in determining whether a variable of interest imparts measurable change within the lipidomic data set. As a proof-of-concept, we show that the method is capable of distinguishing between the fingerprints of different individuals as well as between anatomical sebum collection regions. This noninvasive, high-throughput approach enables future lipidomic biomarker researchers to more easily include underrepresented, protected populations, such as children and the elderly, thus moving the field closer to definitive disease diagnoses that apply to all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Isom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Eden P Go
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Heather Desaire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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2
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Nie Y, Chu C, Qin Q, Shen H, Wen L, Tang Y, Qu M. Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13202. [PMID: 37619589 PMCID: PMC10711261 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are key mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The link between plasma lipid metabolites and oxidative stress in AD patients is poorly understood. This study was to identify markers that distinguish AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from NC, and to reveal potential links between lipid metabolites and oxidative stress. We performed non-targeted lipid metabolism analysis of plasma from patients with AD, aMCI, and NC using LC-MS/MS. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were assessed. We found significant differences in lipid metabolism between patients with AD and aMCI compared to those in NC. AD severity is associated with lipid metabolites, especially TG (18:0_16:0_18:0) + NH4, TG (18:0_16:0_16:0) + NH4, LPC(16:1e)-CH3, and PE (20:0_20:4)-H. SPH (d16:0) + H, SPH (d18:1) + H, and SPH (d18:0) + H were high-performance markers to distinguish AD and aMCI from NC. The AUC of three SPHs combined to predict AD was 0.990, with specificity and sensitivity as 0.949 and 1, respectively; the AUC of three SPHs combined to predict aMCI was 0.934, with specificity and sensitivity as 0.900, 0.981, respectively. Plasma MDA concentrations were higher in the AD group than in the NC group (p = 0.003), whereas plasma SOD levels were lower in the AD (p < 0.001) and aMCI (p = 0.045) groups than in NC, and GSH-Px activity were higher in the AD group than in the aMCI group (p = 0.007). In addition, lipid metabolites and oxidative stress are widely associated. In conclusion, this study distinguished serum lipid metabolism in AD, aMCI, and NC subjects, highlighting that the three SPHs can distinguish AD and aMCI from NC. Additionally, AD patients showed elevated oxidative stress, and there are complex interactions between lipid metabolites and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Nie
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changbiao Chu
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qi Qin
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huixin Shen
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lulu Wen
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Clark C, Gholam M, Zullo L, Kerksiek A, Castelao E, von Gunten A, Preisig M, Lütjohann D, Popp J. Plant sterols and cholesterol metabolism are associated with five-year cognitive decline in the elderly population. iScience 2023; 26:106740. [PMID: 37250771 PMCID: PMC10209479 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulations in cholesterol metabolism are associated with neurodegenerative and vascular pathologies, and dementia. Diet-derived plant sterols (phytosterols) have cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties and may interfere with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Here we performed multivariate analysis in 720 individuals enrolled in a population-based prospective study to determine whether circulating cholesterol precursors and metabolites, triglycerides, and phytosterols, are associated with cognitive impairment and decline in the older population. We report specific dysregulations of endogenous cholesterol synthesis and metabolism, and diet-derived phytosterols, and their changes over time associated with cognitive impairment, and decline in the general population. These findings suggest circulating sterols levels could be considered in risk evaluation and are relevant for the development of strategies to prevent cognitive decline in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, PO Box 363, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Gholam
- Department of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Zullo
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Route de Cery 60, 1008 Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Route de Cery 60, 1008 Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julius Popp
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, PO Box 363, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Route de Cery 60, 1008 Prilly, Switzerland
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Loika Y, Loiko E, Feng F, Stallard E, Yashin AI, Arbeev K, Kuipers AL, Feitosa MF, Province MA, Kulminski AM. Exogenous exposures shape genetic predisposition to lipids, Alzheimer's, and coronary heart disease in the MLXIPL gene locus. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3249-3272. [PMID: 37074818 PMCID: PMC10449285 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MLXIPL lipid gene with Alzheimer's (AD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) and potentially causal mediation effects of their risk factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), were examined in two samples of European ancestry from the US (22,712 individuals 587/2,608 AD/CHD cases) and the UK Biobank (UKB) (232,341 individuals; 809/15,269 AD/CHD cases). Our results suggest that these associations can be regulated by several biological mechanisms and shaped by exogenous exposures. Two patterns of associations (represented by rs17145750 and rs6967028) were identified. Minor alleles of rs17145750 and rs6967028 demonstrated primary (secondary) association with high TG (lower HDL-C) and high HDL-C (lower TG) levels, respectively. The primary association explained ~50% of the secondary one suggesting partly independent mechanisms of TG and HDL-C regulation. The magnitude of the association of rs17145750 with HDL-C was significantly higher in the US vs. UKB sample and likely related to differences in exogenous exposures in the two countries. rs17145750 demonstrated a significant detrimental indirect effect through TG on AD risk in the UKB only (βIE = 0.015, pIE = 1.9 × 10-3), which suggests protective effects of high TG levels against AD, likely shaped by exogenous exposures. Also, rs17145750 demonstrated significant protective indirect effects through TG and HDL-C in the associations with CHD in both samples. In contrast, rs6967028 demonstrated an adverse mediation effect through HDL-C on CHD risk in the US sample only (βIE = 0.019, pIE = 8.6 × 10-4). This trade-off suggests different roles of triglyceride mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AD and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Elena Loiko
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Fan Feng
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Eric Stallard
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anatoliy I. Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Allison L. Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael A. Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alexander M. Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Pillai JA, Bena J, Bekris L, Kodur N, Kasumov T, Leverenz JB, Kashyap SR. Metabolic syndrome biomarkers relate to rate of cognitive decline in MCI and dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:54. [PMID: 36927447 PMCID: PMC10018847 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, plasma triglyceride/HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, on the rate of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. The role of peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), a key functional component of HDL, on cognitive decline also remains unclear among them. Here we evaluate baseline plasma TG/HDL-C ratio and CSF and plasma ApoA1 levels and their relation with cognitive decline in the MCI and Dementia stages of AD. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective longitudinal study (156 participants; 106 MCI, 50 AD dementia) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, with an average of 4.0 (SD 2.8) years follow-up. Baseline plasma TG/HDL-C, plasma, and CSF ApoA1 and their relationship to inflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) biomarkers and longitudinal cognitive outcomes were evaluated. Multivariable linear mixed effect models were used to assess the effect of baseline analytes with longitudinal changes in Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), and Logical Memory delayed recall (LM) score after controlling for well-known covariates. RESULTS A total of 156 participants included 98 women, 63%; mean age was 74.9 (SD 7.3) years. At baseline, MCI and dementia groups did not differ significantly in TG/HDL-C (Wilcoxon W statistic = 0.39, p = 0.39) and CSF ApoA1 levels (W = 3642, p = 0.29), but the dementia group had higher plasma ApoA1 than the MCI group (W = 4615, p = 0.01). Higher TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with faster decline in CDR-SB among MCI and dementia groups. Higher plasma ApoA1 was associated with faster decline in MMSE and LM among MCI, while in contrast higher CSF ApoA1 levels related to slower cognitive decline in MMSE among MCI. CSF and plasma ApoA1 also show opposite directional correlations with biomarkers of BBB integrity. CSF but not plasma levels of ApoA1 positively correlated to inflammation analytes in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications (KEGG ID:KO04933). CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of metabolic syndrome relate to rate of cognitive decline among MCI and dementia individuals. Elevated plasma TG/HDL-C ratio and plasma ApoA1 are associated with worse cognitive outcomes in MCI and dementia participants. CSF ApoA1 and plasma ApoA1 likely have different roles in AD progression in MCI stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan A Pillai
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave/U10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - James Bena
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Lynn Bekris
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Nandan Kodur
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave/U10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sangeeta R Kashyap
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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Ciapă MA, Șalaru DL, Stătescu C, Sascău RA, Bogdănici CM. Optic Neuritis in Multiple Sclerosis—A Review of Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Degenerative Process. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3959-3979. [PMID: 36135184 PMCID: PMC9497878 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease with a wide range of clinical symptoms, ocular involvement being frequently marked by the presence of optic neuritis (ON). The emergence and progression of ON in multiple sclerosis is based on various pathophysiological mechanisms, disease progression being secondary to inflammation, demyelination, or axonal degeneration. Early identification of changes associated with axonal degeneration or further investigation of the molecular processes underlying remyelination are current concerns of researchers in the field in view of the associated therapeutic potential. This article aims to review and summarize the scientific literature related to the main molecular mechanisms involved in defining ON as well as to analyze existing data in the literature on remyelination strategies in ON and their impact on long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delia Lidia Șalaru
- Cardiology Clinic, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Cardiology Clinic, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Radu Andy Sascău
- Cardiology Clinic, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Camelia Margareta Bogdănici
- Department of Surgical Specialties (II), University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Saint Spiridon Hospital, Iași 700111, Romania
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Oberlin LE, Erickson KI, Mackey R, Klunk WE, Aizenstein H, Lopresti BJ, Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Snitz BE. Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers predict the deposition and progression of amyloid-β in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:178-189. [PMID: 33737171 PMCID: PMC8647033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic inflammation has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the mechanistic and temporal specificity of this relationship is poorly understood. We aimed to characterize the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between peripheral inflammatory biomarkers, cognition, and Aβ deposition in oldest-old cognitively unimpaired (CU) adults. METHODS A large sample of 139 CU older adults (mean age (range) = 85.4 (82-95)) underwent neuropsychological testing, Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB)-PET imaging and structural MRI. Hierarchical regression models examined associations between circulating inflammatory biomarkers (Interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor receptors 1 and 2 (sTNFr1 and sTNFr2), soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), C-reactive protein (CRP)), cognition, and global and regional Aβ deposition at baseline and over follow-up. Indices of preclinical disease, including pathologic Aβ status and hippocampal volume, were incorporated to assess conditional associations. RESULTS At baseline evaluation, higher concentrations of IL-6 and sTNFr2 were associated with greater global Aβ burden in those with lower hippocampal volume. In longitudinal models, IL-6 predicted subsequent conversion to MCI and both IL-6 and CRP predicted greater change in global and regional Aβ deposition specifically among participants PiB-positive at baseline. These relationships withstood adjustment for demographic factors, anti-hypertensive medication use, history of diabetes, heart disease, APOE ε4 carrier status, and white matter lesions. DISCUSSION In a large prospective sample of CU adults aged 80 and over, peripheral inflammatory biomarkers were associated with and predictive of the progression of Aβ deposition. This was specific to those with biomarker evidence of preclinical AD at baseline, supporting recent evidence of disease-state-dependent differences in inflammatory expression profiles. Chronic, low-level systemic inflammation may exacerbate the deposition of Aβ pathology among those with emerging disease processes, and place individuals at a higher risk of developing clinically significant cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Rachel Mackey
- Premier Applied Sciences, Premier Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William E. Klunk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Lewis H. Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Beth E. Snitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Dimache AM, Șalaru DL, Sascău R, Stătescu C. The Role of High Triglycerides Level in Predicting Cognitive Impairment: A Review of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2021; 13:2118. [PMID: 34203094 PMCID: PMC8234148 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of cognitive disorders is huge and still growing, however the etiology and the degree of cognitive impairment vary considerably. Neurodegenerative and vascular mechanisms were most frequently assessed in patients with dementia. Recent studies have shown the possible involvement of triglycerides levels in cognitive function through putative mechanisms such as brain blood barrier dysfunction or amyloid metabolism imbalance, but not all research in the field found this association. Several clinical studies evaluated the relationship between different forms of cognitive decline and levels of serum triglycerides, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. This review focuses on the role of triglycerides in cognitive decline, cerebral amyloidosis and vascular impairment. Considering that the management of hypertriglyceridemia benefits from lifestyle modification, diet, and specific drug therapy, future studies are requested to appraise the triglycerides-cognitive impairment relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Mihaela Dimache
- Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Department of Chronic Diseases, Hospital of Chronic Diseases Târgu Frumos, 705300 Iași, Romania;
| | - Delia Lidia Șalaru
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Sascău
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iasi, Romania
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Paraoxonase Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010011. [PMID: 33374313 PMCID: PMC7824310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body has biological redox systems capable of preventing or mitigating the damage caused by increased oxidative stress throughout life. One of them are the paraoxonase (PON) enzymes. The PONs genetic cluster is made up of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share a structural homology, located adjacent to chromosome seven. The most studied enzyme is PON1, which is associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL), having paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities. Due to these characteristics, the enzyme PON1 has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we update the knowledge about the association of PON enzymes and their polymorphisms and the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Reilly AM, Tsai AP, Lin PB, Ericsson AC, Oblak AL, Ren H. Metabolic Defects Caused by High-Fat Diet Modify Disease Risk through Inflammatory and Amyloidogenic Pathways in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102977. [PMID: 33003412 PMCID: PMC7600118 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) has been shown to accelerate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, but the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Moreover, it is unknown whether AD mice are more susceptible to HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions. To address these questions, we used 5xFAD mice as an Alzheimer’s disease model to study the physiological and molecular underpinning between HFD-induced metabolic defects and AD pathology. We systematically profiled the metabolic parameters, the gut microbiome composition, and hippocampal gene expression in 5xFAD and wild type (WT) mice fed normal chow diet and HFD. HFD feeding impaired energy metabolism in male 5xFAD mice, leading to increased locomotor activity, energy expenditure, and food intake. 5xFAD mice on HFD had elevated circulating lipids and worsened glucose intolerance. HFD caused profound changes in gut microbiome compositions, though no difference between genotype was detected. We measured hippocampal mRNAs related to AD neuropathology and neuroinflammation and showed that HFD elevated the expression of apoptotic, microglial, and amyloidogenic genes in 5xFAD mice. Pathway analysis revealed that differentially regulated genes were involved in insulin signaling, cytokine signaling, cellular stress, and neurotransmission. Collectively, our results showed that 5xFAD mice were more susceptible to HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation and suggest that targeting metabolic dysfunctions can ameliorate AD symptoms via effects on insulin signaling and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M. Reilly
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.R.); (A.P.T.); (P.B.L.); (A.L.O.)
| | - Andy P. Tsai
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.R.); (A.P.T.); (P.B.L.); (A.L.O.)
| | - Peter B. Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.R.); (A.P.T.); (P.B.L.); (A.L.O.)
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Adrian L. Oblak
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.R.); (A.P.T.); (P.B.L.); (A.L.O.)
| | - Hongxia Ren
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.R.); (A.P.T.); (P.B.L.); (A.L.O.)
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-274-1567
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Bernath MM, Bhattacharyya S, Nho K, Barupal DK, Fiehn O, Baillie R, Risacher SL, Arnold M, Jacobson T, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM, Weiner MW, Doraiswamy PM, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Saykin AJ. Serum triglycerides in Alzheimer disease: Relation to neuroimaging and CSF biomarkers. Neurology 2020; 94:e2088-e2098. [PMID: 32358220 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of triglyceride (TG) principal component scores with Alzheimer disease (AD) and the amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular disease (A/T/N/V) biomarkers for AD. METHODS Serum levels of 84 TG species were measured with untargeted lipid profiling of 689 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort, including 190 cognitively normal older adults (CN), 339 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 160 with AD. Principal component analysis with factor rotation was used for dimension reduction of TG species. Differences in principal components between diagnostic groups and associations between principal components and AD biomarkers (including CSF, MRI and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET) were assessed with a generalized linear model approach. In both cases, the Bonferroni method of adjustment was used to correct for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The 84 TGs yielded 9 principal components, 2 of which, consisting of long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing TGs (PUTGs), were significantly associated with MCI and AD. Lower levels of PUTGs were observed in MCI and AD compared to CN. PUTG principal component scores were also significantly associated with hippocampal volume and entorhinal cortical thickness. In participants carrying the APOE ε4 allele, these principal components were significantly associated with CSF β-amyloid1-42 values and entorhinal cortical thickness. CONCLUSION This study shows that PUTG component scores were significantly associated with diagnostic group and AD biomarkers, a finding that was more pronounced in APOE ε4 carriers. Replication in independent larger studies and longitudinal follow-up are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Bernath
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Sudeepa Bhattacharyya
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Dinesh Kumar Barupal
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Rebecca Baillie
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Matthias Arnold
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Tanner Jacobson
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Michael W Weiner
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - P Murali Doraiswamy
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (M.M.B., K.N., S.L.R., T.J., A.J.S.), Medical and Molecular Genetics Department (M.M.B., T.J., A.J.S.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (M.M.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Pediatrics (S.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health (D.K.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York; NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center (D.K.B., O.F.), University of California, Davis; Rosa & Co LLC (R.B.), San Carlos, CA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (M.A.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (M.A., P.M.D., R.K.-D.), Duke Institute of Brain Sciences (R.K.-D.), and Department of Medicine (R.K.-D.), Duke University, Durham, NC.
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Haywood CJ, Prendergast LA, Lim R, Lappas M, Lim WK, Proietto J. Obesity in older adults: Effect of degree of weight loss on cardiovascular markers and medications. Clin Obes 2019; 9:e12316. [PMID: 31207126 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity worsens the age-related tendency towards cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Older adults are vulnerable to medication adverse effects. Intentional weight loss in older adults with obesity has been shown to improve cardiovascular and glycaemic markers. The effect of rapid weight loss induced by very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs) on these markers has not been evaluated in this group. In this 12-week study, participants were randomized to one of healthy eating, hypocaloric diet or VLCD, all combined with three times weekly exercise (Ex/HE, Ex/Diet, Ex/VLCD, respectively). The effects of these interventions on weight, blood pressure, lipids, glucose and HbA1c , inflammatory markers and cardiovascular and diabetes medication changes were measured. Weight loss was 3.7%, 5.1% and 11.1% in Ex/HE, Ex/Diet and Ex/VLCD, respectively. There were significant improvements in HbA1c in all groups, but by the greatest degree in Ex/VLCD (0.18 ± 0.07%, 0.18 ± 0.06% and 0.59 ± 0.13%, respectively). Similar patterns were seen in total cholesterol (0.13 ± 0.15, 0.21 ± 0.11 and 0.53 ± 0.13 mmol/L, respectively, P = .047), triglycerides (0.35 ± 0.13, 0.20 ± 0.10 and 0.51 ± 0.09 mmol/L, respectively, P = .011) and systolic blood pressure (9 ± 2, 2 ± 3 and 14 ± 3 mmHg respectively, P = .025). There were no between-group differences in fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, LDL-C and inflammatory markers. Reductions in anti-hypertensive or diabetes medication were made in 4/29, 7/36 and 16/37 participants in Ex/HE, Ex/Diet and Ex/VLCD, respectively (P = .017). Significant weight loss achieved with a VLCD gave rise to improvements in multiple cardiovascular risk markers, despite reduction in medication. Weight loss is an under-utilized method of cardiovascular risk management in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilla J Haywood
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Aged Care, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke A Prendergast
- Mathematics and Statistics, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ratana Lim
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wen Kwang Lim
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Aged Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Proietto
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Nägga K, Gustavsson AM, Stomrud E, Lindqvist D, van Westen D, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Melander O, Hansson O. Increased midlife triglycerides predict brain β-amyloid and tau pathology 20 years later. Neurology 2017; 90:e73-e81. [PMID: 29196581 PMCID: PMC5754649 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of midlife lipid levels on Alzheimer brain pathology 20 years later in cognitively normal elderly individuals. METHODS This is a longitudinal cohort study of 318 cognitively normal individuals with data on fasting lipid levels at midlife (mean age 54 years). Presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathologies 20 years later (mean age 73 years) were detected by quantifying Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers in CSF. In a subset (n = 134), Aβ (18F-flutemetamol) PET was also performed. RESULTS CSF Aβ42 and Aβ PET revealed Aβ pathology in approximately 20% of the cognitively healthy population and CSF Aβ42/phosphorylated tau (p-tau) ratio indicated both Aβ and tau pathology in 16%. Higher levels of triglycerides in midlife were independently associated with abnormal CSF Aβ42 (odds ratio [OR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.75, p = 0.029) and abnormal Aβ42/p-tau ratio (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.10-1.93; p = 0.009) adjusting for age, sex, APOE ε4, education, and multiple vascular risk factors. Triglycerides were also associated with abnormal Aβ PET in multivariable regression models, but the association was attenuated in the fully adjusted model. Increased levels of medium and large low-density lipoprotein subfractions were significantly associated with abnormal Aβ PET and large high-density lipoprotein particles were associated with decreased risk of abnormal Aβ PET. CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of triglycerides at midlife predict brain Aβ and tau pathology 20 years later in cognitively healthy individuals. Certain lipoprotein subfractions may also be risk factors for Aβ pathology. These findings further support an involvement of lipids in the very early stages of AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Nägga
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.) and Clinical Research Centre (O.M.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Psychiatry (D.L.) and Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
| | - Anna-Märta Gustavsson
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.) and Clinical Research Centre (O.M.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Psychiatry (D.L.) and Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Erik Stomrud
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.) and Clinical Research Centre (O.M.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Psychiatry (D.L.) and Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.) and Clinical Research Centre (O.M.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Psychiatry (D.L.) and Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Danielle van Westen
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.) and Clinical Research Centre (O.M.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Psychiatry (D.L.) and Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.) and Clinical Research Centre (O.M.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Psychiatry (D.L.) and Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.) and Clinical Research Centre (O.M.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Psychiatry (D.L.) and Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Olle Melander
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.) and Clinical Research Centre (O.M.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Psychiatry (D.L.) and Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Oskar Hansson
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.) and Clinical Research Centre (O.M.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Memory Clinic (K.N., A.-M.G., E.S., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Psychiatry (D.L.) and Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
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