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Gempo N, Yeshi K, Jamtsho T, Jamtsho L, Samten, Wangchuk P. Development of quality control parameters for two Bhutanese medicinal plants ( Aster flaccidus Bunge and Aster diplostephioides (DC.) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke) using traditional and modern pharmacognostical platforms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24969. [PMID: 38317921 PMCID: PMC10839999 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bhutan's scholarly traditional medical system is called Bhutanese Sowa Rigpa medicine (BSM). It was integrated with the modern healthcare system in 1967. Over 200 medicinal plants are used to produce more than 100 poly-ingredient medicinal formulations. Although BSM is supported by well-documented principles, pharmacopoeias, diagnostic procedures, treatment regimens, and traditional quality assurance systems, modern quality control parameters have become essential to distinguish closely related species and prevent contamination from exogenous impurities. This study aims to establish reliable analytical methods and quality control parameters for Aster flaccidus Bunge and Aster diplostephioides (DC.) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke used as ingredients in the BMS poly-ingredient medicinal formulations. Furthermore, their reported phytochemicals and biological activities are also discussed in this study. Standard pharmacognostic techniques, including macroscopical and microscopical examinations of crude drugs, were employed to establish the quality control parameters for two Aster species. The physicochemical limits were determined as per the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended guidelines and methods described in the Thai herbal pharmacopoeia. A high-performance thin-layer liquid chromatography (HPTLC) was used to develop a comparative chromatogram/phytochemical fingerprint for the crude extracts obtained from two Aster species. A literature review was conducted to record their isolated phytochemicals and biological activities. Two Aster species possess macro- and microscopic features such as colour, appearance, and shape. Physicochemical analysis of crude drugs from two Aster species including HPTLC fingerprinting of their methanol crude extracts also yielded adequate data to differentiate and confirm two Aster species before adding them to the BSM poly-ingredient medicinal formulations. From the literature review, only A. flaccidus was found to be studied for its phytochemical constituents, whereby 11 pure compounds were isolated from aerial parts and roots. The current study revealed distinct species-specific distinguishing features, including ecological adaptation, micromorphology, anatomy, physicochemical values, HPTLC chromatograms. These parameters can be used to authenticate the species identity and prevent adulterations, thereby improving the quality and safety of BSM formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngawang Gempo
- National Organic Flagship Program Center, Department of Agriculture, Thimphu, Bhutan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Karma Yeshi
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan (RUB), Kanglung, Trashigang, Bhutan
| | - Tenzin Jamtsho
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- Yangchenphu High School, Department of School Education, Ministry of Education (MoE), Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Lungten Jamtsho
- Menjong Sorig Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited (MSPCL), Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Samten
- Menjong Sorig Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited (MSPCL), Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- Menjong Sorig Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited (MSPCL), Thimphu, Bhutan
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Chandra A, Kumar R, Samajdar S, Mazumder R. Formulation, standardization, and evaluation of vaishvanara churna tablet. Anc Sci Life 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/asl.asl_97_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Thakur S, Kour R, Kaur S, Jain SK. Spray-Dried Microspheres of Carboplatin: Technology to Develop Longer-Acting Injectable with Improved Physio-Chemical Stability, Toxicity, and Therapeutics. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:128. [PMID: 35484413 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to develop carboplatin injectable microspheres using spray-drying technology. The optimized powdered microspheres (MS-19-ST2) were morphologically spherical, with a 1.795 μm particle size and good micromeritic properties. Under normal temperature conditions, the MS-19-ST2 formulation exhibited a sustained release behaviour following first-order drug release kinetics with no compatibility issues with aluminium syringes. Furthermore, MS-19-ST2 formulation outperformed its commercial counterpart in terms of in vivo pharmaco-kinetics and -dynamics (MRT-13.9 ± 0.9 h, T1/2-8.2 ± 0.3 h, tumour inhibition-74.5%). Additionally, the MS-19-ST2 formulation was much safer to use than its commercial counterpart, as observed from the results of ex vivo (haemolytic, MTT, and cell apoptosis assays) and in vivo (14-day acute and 28-day sub-acute) toxicity studies. The above results confirm the MS-19-ST2 formulation as a good candidate to commercialize carboplatin in a powdered microsphere form (stable for 24 h after reconstitution) with improved pharmacokinetics, therapeutic, and toxicity profile.
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Nadella R, Hernandez-Baltazar D, Nannepaga JS, Gorthi BVA, Martinez-Fong D. Exploring the phytochemical and nutraceutical potentials of dasapatrachurnam. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:jcim-2018-0233. [PMID: 32543455 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundDasapatrachurnam (DPC), a multicurative powder prepared from the leaves of 10 green leafy vegetables, was developed recently with known ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological significance. However, its functional role in curing a disease is not yet scientifically proven. The present study aims at performing the phytochemical screening of DPC and exploring its possible activity as bacteriostatic, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory. MethodsWe performed qualitative and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to find out the presence of active compounds and tested the bacteriostatic activity in four bacterial strains namely Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method. We further explored the antineoplastic activity in vitro in C6 and HEK293 cell lines by cell viability assay and the anti-inflammatory activity in the ovalbumin-induced inflammation in male Wistar rats. ResultsDPC showed 60% solubility in PBS and showed the presence of flavonoids and glycosides. FTIR results indicated the presence of alkyl, ketone and aldehyde groups. The bacteriostatic activity of DPC was higher (60%) in E.coli and lower (8%) in S.aureus, when compared to streptomycin. The anti-cancerous activity of DPC in C6 and HEK293 cancer cells was similar to their respective positive controls, curcumin and camptothecin. The anti-inflammatory activity of DPC was more evident with local administration in all the parameters studied in brain hippocampus, kidney, liver and spleen in ovalbumin-induced rats. ConclusionOur results, for the first time, suggest the potentiality of the DPC in treating bacterial diseases, cancer and also inflammation. Our results also suggest the possible therapeutic role of DPC in treating chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasajna Nadella
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Biosciences, 532410Srikakulam, India
| | | | - John Sushma Nannepaga
- Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Shakya A, Chaudhary SK, Bhat HR, Gogoi N, Ghosh SK. A Rapid High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method to Estimate Quercetin inBenincasa hispida(Thunb.) Cogn. Fruit Pulp. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2019.32.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Chaudhary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Mussoorie-Diversion Road, Makkawala, Dehradun 248 009, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Neelutpal Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Surajit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
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Shakya A, Gogoi N, Chaudhary SK, Bhat HR, Ghosh SK. Development and Validation of a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Quantification of Rutin in the Fruit Pulp of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogniaux. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2019.32.5.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Neelutpal Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Surajit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
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Abraham A, Samuel S, Mathew L. Phytochemical analysis of Pathyashadangam kwath and its standardization by HPLC and HPTLC. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 11:153-158. [PMID: 30446379 PMCID: PMC7329714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathyashadangam kwath, a classical ayurvedic polyherbal formulation is used for the treatment of cluster head ache, migraine, upper respiratory diseases, ear ache and night blindness. Review of literature suggested that characterization parameters of Pathyashadangam kwath are not reported. Objective To report characteristic parameters of Pathyashadangam kwath to confirm quality and purity. Materials and methods The fruit pericarps of Haritaki, Bibhitaki and Amalaki, aerial parts of Bhunimba, rhizome of Haridra, stem bark of Nimba and stem of Guduchi were the ingredients of Pathyashadangam kwath. Three batches of the kwath were prepared as per standard procedures. The kwath was evaluated for organoleptic, physical, phytochemical and chromatographic parameters as per standard methods. Results HPTLC analysis revealed that Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Formic acid (2.5: 2.0: 0.5) was a suitable mobile phase for characterization of the kwath. HPLC analysis revealed that andrographolide was a suitable marker for standardization of the kwath. Conclusion The characterization parameters presented in this paper may serve as standard reference for quality control analysis of Pathyashadangam kwath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aji Abraham
- St Teresa's College, Ernakulam, 682011, Kerala, India.
| | - Sarala Samuel
- Kerala Ayurveda Limited, Athani, 683585, Kerala, India
| | - Lizzy Mathew
- St Teresa's College, Ernakulam, 682011, Kerala, India
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Telapolu S, Kalachavedu M, Punnoose AM, Bilikere D. MD-1, a poly herbal formulation indicated in diabetes mellitus ameliorates glucose uptake and inhibits adipogenesis - an in vitro study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:113. [PMID: 29606113 PMCID: PMC5879540 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic disease requiring a multipronged therapeutic approach. In the current scenario, the use of polyherbals is increasing among the diabetics. MD-1, a poly herbal formulation is constituted as a mixture of six popular anti diabetic herbs, used in the management of Diabetes mellitus (DM). The physicochemical, biochemical and in vitro efficacy studies have been carried out to ascertain the possible mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic action of MD-1. Methods MD-1 was evaluated for residual toxins as per Ayurvedic Pharmacoepia of India (API) procedures. The hydro alcoholic extract of the formulation (HAEF) was evaluated for anti oxidant activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and nitric oxide radicals in vitro. The effect of HAEF on carbohydrate digestive enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase was studied using biochemical assays. HAEF was studied for its glucose lowering potential in L6 myotubes and 3T3L1 preadipocytes, using 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H] glucose (2-DG) uptake assay. Effect of MD-1 on adipogenesis was evaluated in 3T3L1 adipocytes using oil O red staining. The effect of HAEF on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in 3T3L1 adiocytes was investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by student t-test, ANOVA. Results Residual toxins present within the API limits and HAEF demonstrated strong antioxidant potential and significantly inhibited the α-glucosidase (IC50 63.6 ± 0.46 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 242.81 ± 1.26 μg/mL) activity. HAEF significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the insulin stimulated glucose uptake in both the cell lines studied. Unlike standard pioglitazone (PGZ), HAEF modulated the mRNA expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 (p < 0.0001) in 3T3L1 adipocytes, without inducing adipogenesis. Conclusion Physicochemical parameters established in the study may serve as reference standards in regular quality control. Absence of residual toxins underpins the safety. The enhanced glucose uptake and favorable modulation of insulin sensitivity through a plausible weak PPARγ agonism is similar to the distinct PPARγ activation pattern of several reported natural compound agonists. The differential binding modes of such dynamic combinatorial ligands within the formulation unlike synthetic ligands like thiozolidinediones (TZD) can be linked to the safe mitigation of diabetic complications by MD-1.
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Yusufoglu HS, Soliman GA, Foudah AI, Abdulkader MS, Alqarni MH, Alam A, Salkini MA. Standardization and Antioxidant Studies of Arnebia hispidissima. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.428.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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