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Erdogar K, Yucel O, Oruc ME. Investigation of Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of Novel Electrospun Mg-Doped TiO 2 Nanofibers as an Electron Transport Material for Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2255. [PMID: 37570572 PMCID: PMC10421210 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are quickly becoming efficient solar cells due to the effective physicochemical properties of the absorber layer. This layer should ideally be placed between a stable hole transport material (HTM) layer and a conductive electron transport material (ETM) layer. These outer layers play a critical role in the current densities and cell voltages of solar cells. In this work, we successfully fabricated Mg-doped TiO2 nanofibers as ETM layers via electrospinning. This study systematically investigates the morphological and optical features of Mg-doped nanofibers as mesoporous ETM layers. The existence of the Mg element in the lattice was confirmed by XRD and XPS. These optical characterizations indicated that Mg doping widened the energy band gap and shifted the edge of the conduction band minimum upward, which enhanced the open circuit voltage (Voc) and short current density (Jsc). The electron-hole recombination rate was lowered, and separation efficiency increased with Mg doping. The results have demonstrated the possibility of improving the efficiency of PSCs with the use of Mg-doped nanofibers as an ETM layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Erdogar
- Department of Physics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey;
| | - Ozgun Yucel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Enes Oruc
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey
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2
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Shin CH, Lee HY, Gyan-Barimah C, Yu JH, Yu JS. Magnesium: properties and rich chemistry for new material synthesis and energy applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2145-2192. [PMID: 36799134 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) has many unique properties suitable for applications in the fields of energy conversion and storage. These fields presently rely on noble metals for efficient performance. However, among other challenges, noble metals have low natural abundance, which undermines their sustainability. Mg has a high negative standard reduction potential and a unique crystal structure, and its low melting point at 650 °C makes it a good candidate to replace or supplement numerous other metals in various energy applications. These attractive features are particularly helpful for improving the properties and limits of materials in energy systems. However, knowledge of Mg and its practical uses is still limited, despite recent studies which have reported Mg's key roles in synthesizing new structures and modifying the chemical properties of materials. At present, information about Mg chemistry has been rather scattered without any organized report. The present review highlights the chemistry of Mg and its uses in energy applications such as electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and secondary batteries, among others. Future perspectives on the development of Mg-based materials are further discussed to identify the challenges that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Hwan Shin
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ha-Young Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Caleb Gyan-Barimah
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Yu
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Sung Yu
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Ahmad K, Kim H. A brief overview of electrode materials for hydrazine sensors and dye-sensitized solar cells. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Kokila GN, Mallikarjunaswamy C, Ranganatha VL. A review on synthesis and applications of versatile nanomaterials. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2081189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. N. Kokila
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - C. Mallikarjunaswamy
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Moradeeya PG, Sharma A, Kumar MA, Basha S. Titanium dioxide based nanocomposites - Current trends and emerging strategies for the photocatalytic degradation of ruinous environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112384. [PMID: 34785207 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many ruinous pollutants are omnipresent in the environment and among them; pesticides are xenobiotic and pose to be a bio-recalcitrance. Their detrimental ecological and environmental impacts attract attention of environmental excerpts and the surge of stringent regulations have endows the need of a technically feasible treatment. This critical review emphasizes about the occurrence, abundance and fate of structurally distinct pesticides in different environment. The practiced remedial strategies and in particular, the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) those utilize the photo-catalytic properties of nano-composites for the degradation of pollutants are critically discussed. Photo-catalytic degradation utilizes many composite materials at nano-scale level, wherein synthesis of nano-composites with appropriate precursors and other adjoining functional moieties are of prime importance. Therefore, suitable starter materials along with the reaction conditions are prerequisite for effectively tailoring the nano-composites. The aforementioned aspects and their customized applications are critically discussed. The associated challenges, opportunities and process economics of degradation using photo-catalytic AOP techniques are highlighted and in addition, the review tries to explain how best the photo-degradation can be a stand-alone tool with a societal importance. Conclusively, the future prospects for undertaking new researches in photo-catalytic breakdown of pollutants that can be judiciously sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pareshkumar G Moradeeya
- Hyderabad Zonal Laboratory, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, IICT Campus, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India; Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Marwadi Education Foundation, Rajkot, 360 003, Gujarat, India
| | - Archana Sharma
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Marwadi Education Foundation, Rajkot, 360 003, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Shaik Basha
- Hyderabad Zonal Laboratory, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, IICT Campus, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India.
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6
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Ehsan MA, Shah SS, Basha SI, Hakeem AS, Aziz MA. Recent Advances in Processing and Applications of Heterobimetallic Oxide Thin Films by Aerosol-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100278. [PMID: 34862719 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of smart, efficient, and innovative devices critically needs highly refined thin-film nanomaterials; therefore, facile, scalable, and economical methods of thin films production are highly sought-after for the sustainable growth of the hi-tech industry. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique is widely implemented at the industrial level due to its versatile features. However, common issues with a precursor, such as reduced volatility and thermal stability, restrict the use of CVD to produce novel and unique materials. A modified CVD approach, named aerosol-assisted CVD (AACVD), has been the center of attention due to its remarkable tendency to fabricate uniform, homogenous, and distinct nano-architecture thin films in an uncomplicated and straightforward manner. Above all, AACVD can utilize any custom-made or commercially available precursors, which can be transformed into a transparent solution in a common organic solvent; thus, a vast array of compounds can be used for the formation of nanomaterial thin films. This review article highlights the importance of AACVD in fabricating heterobimetallic oxide thin films and their potential in making energy production (e. g., photoelectrochemical water splitting), energy storage (e. g., supercapacitors), and environmental protection (e. g., electrochemical sensors) devices. A heterobimetallic oxide system involves two metallic species either in a composite, solid solution, or metal-doped metal oxides. Moreover, the AACVD tunable parameters, such as temperature, deposition time, and precursor, which drastically affect thin films microstructure and their performance in device applications, are also discussed. Lastly, the key challenges and issues of scaling up AACVD to the industrial level and processing for emerging functional materials are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Ehsan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shaheen Shah
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5047, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Inayath Basha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Saeed Hakeem
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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7
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An Amalgam of Mg-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol–Gel Method for Effective Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Activity. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Recent Advancements in the Understanding of the Surface Chemistry in TiO2 Photocatalysis. SURFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces3010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Surface chemistry plays a major role in photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical processes taking place with the participation of TiO2. The synthesis methods, surface characterizations, theoretical research methods, and hardware over the last decade generated opportunities for progress in the surface science of this photocatalyst. Very recently, attention was paid to the design of photocatalysts at the nanoscale level by adjusting the types of exposed surfaces and their ratio, the composition and the surface structure of nanoparticles, and that of individual surfaces. The current theoretical methods provide highly detailed designs that can be embodied experimentally. The present review article describes the progress in the surface science of TiO2 and TiO2-based photocatalysts obtained over the last three years. Such aspects including the properties of macro- and nano-scale surfaces, noble-metal-loaded surfaces, doping with Mg and S, intrinsic defects (oxygen vacancies), adsorption, and photoreactions are considered. The main focus of the article is on the anatase phase of TiO2.
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9
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Yau XH, Low FW, Khe CS, Lai CW, Tiong SK, Amin N. An investigation of the stirring duration effect on synthesized graphene oxide for dye-sensitized solar cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228322. [PMID: 32012195 PMCID: PMC6996852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of stirring duration on the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) using an improved Hummers' method. Various samples are examined under different stirring durations (20, 40, 60, 72, and 80 h). The synthesized GO samples are evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. The GO sample with 72 h stirring duration (GO72) has the highest d-spacing in the XRD results, highest atomic percentage of oxygen in EDX (49.57%), highest intensity of oxygen functional group in FTIR spectra, and highest intensity ratio in Raman analysis (ID/IG = 0.756). Results show that GO72 with continuous stirring has the highest degree of oxidation among other samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis shows that GO72-titanium dioxide (TiO2) exhibits smaller charge transfer resistance and higher electron lifetime compared with the TiO2-based photoanode. The GO72 sample incorporating TiO2 nanocomposites achieves 6.25% photoconversion efficiency, indicating an increase of more than twice than that of the mesoporous TiO2 sample. This condition is fully attributed to the efficient absorption rate of nanocomposites and the reduction of the recombination rate of TiO2 by GO in dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hui Yau
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Foo Wah Low
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Seong Khe
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Postgraduate Studies (IPS), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sieh Kiong Tiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nowshad Amin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Palko N, Potemkin V, Grishina M. Theoretical study of the surface structure of anatase nanoparticles: effect on dye adsorption and photovoltaic properties. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The properties of TiO2 can vary greatly, depending on the size and morphology of the particles used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Palko
- South Ural State University
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs
- Russia
| | - Vladimir Potemkin
- South Ural State University
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs
- Russia
| | - Maria Grishina
- South Ural State University
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs
- Russia
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11
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WITHDRAWN: Titanium oxide based photocatalytic materials development and their role of in the air pollutants degradation: overview and forecast. PROG SOLID STATE CH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Tsang CHA, Li K, Zeng Y, Zhao W, Zhang T, Zhan Y, Xie R, Leung DYC, Huang H. Titanium oxide based photocatalytic materials development and their role of in the air pollutants degradation: Overview and forecast. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 125:200-228. [PMID: 30721826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the anthropogenic pollution, especially the environmental crisis caused by air pollutants, the development of air pollutant degradation photocatalyst has become one of the major directions to the crisis relief. Among them, titania (titanium dioxide, TiO2) family materials were extensively studied in the past two decades due to their strong activity in the photocatalytic reactions. However, TiO2 had a drawback of large bandgap which limited its applications, several modification techniques were hence developed to enhance its catalytic activity and light sensitivity. In recent years, other metal oxide based materials have been developed as replacements for TiO2 photocatalysts. In this review, background information and developments from pure TiO2 to chemically modified TiO2-based materials as photocatalysts were discussed in detail, which covered their basic properties and their role in the air pollutant removal. It also proposes to solve the shortcomings of TiO2 by developing other metal oxide-based materials and predict the future development of TiO2 materials in future environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him A Tsang
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Research Center for Air Pollution Control, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zeng
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Research Center for Air Pollution Control, China.
| | - Yujie Zhan
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Xie
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dennis Y C Leung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Haibao Huang
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Research Center for Air Pollution Control, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Improving of the Photovoltaic Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using a Photoelectrode with Electrospun Porous TiO₂ Nanofibers. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9010095. [PMID: 30642054 PMCID: PMC6358773 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Porous TiO₂ nanofibers (PTFs) and dense TiO₂ nanofibers (DTFs) were prepared using simple electrospinning for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). TiO₂ nanoparticles (TNPs) were prepared using a hydrothermal reaction. The as-prepared PTFs and DTFs (with a fiber diameter of around 200 nm) were mixed with TNPs such as TNP-PTF and TNP-DTF nanocomposites used in photoelectrode materials or were coated as light scattering layers on the photoelectrodes to improve the charge transfer ability and light harvesting effect of the DSSCs. The as-prepared TNPs showed a pure anatase phase, while the PTFs and DTFs showed both the anatase and rutile phases. The TNP-PTF composite (TNP:PTF = 9:1 wt.%) exhibited an enhanced short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 14.95 ± 1.03 mA cm-2 and a photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE, η) of 5.4 ± 0.17% because of the improved charge transport and accessibility for the electrolyte ions. In addition, the TNP/PTF photoelectrode showed excellent light absorption in the visible region because of the mountainous nature of light induced by the PTF light scattering layer. The TNP/PTF photoelectrode showed the highest Jsc (16.96 ± 0.79 mA cm-2), η (5.9 ± 0.13%), and open circuit voltage (Voc, 0.66 ± 0.02 V).
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