Sarlus H, Eyjolfsdottir H, Eriksdotter M, Oprica M, Schultzberg M. Influence of Allergy on Immunoglobulins and Amyloid-β in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.
J Alzheimers Dis 2016;
48:495-505. [PMID:
26402013 DOI:
10.3233/jad-143147]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Peripheral inflammation has been suggested to influence the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers in the plasma of patients with AD indicate that a systemic pro-inflammatory status occurs concomitantly with inflammatory changes in the brain.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether allergy influences the levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) and of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI).
METHODS
IgA, IgG, and its subclasses, IgM, and cytokines were analyzed in CSF and serum from patients with SCI, MCI, and AD, with or without allergy. The relation between allergy and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and between allergy and CSF biomarkers for AD (phosphorylated (p)-tau, total (t)-tau, amyloid-β 42 (Aβ₄₂), were analyzed.
RESULTS
In MCI, the CSF levels of IgG2 were lower in allergic patients, and in AD, the levels of IgA and the IgG1/total IgG ratio were lower in allergic patients, compared to patients without allergy. MCI subjects with allergy had higher serum IgM levels compared to those without allergy. CSF levels of Aβ₄₂ were lower and MMSE scores were higher in AD patients with allergy than in those without allergy.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of allergy was associated with seemingly beneficial effects on AD as suggested by higher Aβ₄₂ levels in CSF, and higher MMSE scores. Higher IgM levels and lower other Ig classes suggest that allergy may influence senescence of the immune response.
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