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Eldredge RS, Ochoa B, Orcutt E, Hunteman Z, Rassam K, Lee J, Padilla BE. Prediction Model for Outpatient Opioid Use Following the Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum. J Pediatr Surg 2024:161663. [PMID: 39209686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To minimize unused outpatient opioids while providing adequate pain control, we sought to create a model to predict outpatient opioid use following the minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum with cryoablation MIRPE-C. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted at a single center from May 2023 to January 2024 among patients <21 years who underwent MIPRE-C. Demographic and clinical data, including inpatient and outpatient opioid use were reviewed. Patients completed opioid use questionnaires at their first postoperative visit. Simple linear regression was employed to create a model for outpatient opioid use. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients underwent MIRPE-C: 84% were male (mean age of 15.2 ± 1.7 years, and median Haller index 4.2[IQR:3.7-5.7]). Daily mean inpatient opioid requirement and daily opioid doses were 0.3 ± 0.2 OME/day/kg and 2 ± 1.2 opioid doses/day. At the first outpatient follow-up visit, patients reported using a median of five 5-mg oxycodone tablets [IQR:1.6-10] for 5 days [IQR:2-7] with 22% of patients needing an opioid refill. On linear regression, inpatient opioid use had a significant relationship with the number of outpatient doses taken, while patient factors were not associated with outpatient opioid use. A simple equation for predicting opioid need based on best fit (R2 = 0.211) was developed: #OUTPATIENT OPIOID TABLETS = 3 TABLETS + (0.82 x #INPATIENT OPIOID RECIEVED). CONCLUSION The proposed outpatient opioid prescription model is simple to calculate and tailors the prescription to individual patient need. This model has the potential to provide effective pain control and avoid prescription refills, while minimizing over-prescription of opioids. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Treatment study Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Eldredge
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Brielle Ochoa
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Emalee Orcutt
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Zeb Hunteman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kristin Rassam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin E Padilla
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Child Health and Development, University of Arizona, School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Notrica DM, McMahon LE, Jaroszewski DE. Pectus Disorders: Excavatum, Carinatum and Arcuatum. Adv Pediatr 2024; 71:181-194. [PMID: 38944483 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
This article reviews pectus excavatum, carinatum, and arcuatum. Topics covered include etiology, epidemiology, associated syndromes, physiologic impact, workup, indications for treatment, surgical and nonsurgical therapy, results, complications, and emerging therapies. Pectus excavatum is an inward deformation of the sternum and/or anterior chest wall. Pectus carinatum is ether an outward protrusion or tilt of the sternum with potential psychological impact, but no demonstrated physiologic impact. Nonoperative compression bracing is successful in carinatum patients with chest wall flexibility who are compliant with a bracing program. Pectus arcuatum is an abnormally short, fully fused sternum with a high anterior protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Notrica
- Phoenix Children's Division of Pediatric Surgery, 1919 East Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Department of Child Health and Surgery, 475 N. 5th Street Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, 5757 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
| | - Lisa E McMahon
- Phoenix Children's Division of Pediatric Surgery, 1919 East Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Department of Child Health and Surgery, 475 N. 5th Street Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, 5757 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Dawn E Jaroszewski
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, 5757 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; Mayo Clinic Arizona, Division of Thoracic Surgery, 5757 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
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Eldredge RS, Ochoa B, Carmichael J, Ostlie DJ, Lee J, McMahon L, Notrica DM, Padilla BE. Opioid Prescriptions at Discharge After Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum Are Reduced With Cryoablation. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:1291-1296. [PMID: 38584007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) is associated with significant postoperative pain and opioid use. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of intercostal nerve cryoablation (Cryo) on inpatient and post-hospital opioid prescription practices following MIPRE. METHODS A retrospective review at a single pediatric center was conducted of patients ≤21 years old who underwent MIRPE. Oral morphine equivalents (OME) of inpatient and discharge opioids were compared between Cryo and no-Cryo cohorts. RESULTS 579 patients were identified (82.8% male, mean age 15.4 ± 2.0 years). Cryo was performed in 73.5% of patients. The total inpatient OME use was less in the Cryo group (0.89 ± 0.68 vs. 1.6 ± 0.5 OME/kg/day; p < 0.001). Patients who underwent Cryo were prescribed significantly less OME at discharge compared to the no-Cryo group (3.9 ± 1.7 vs. 10.0 ± 4.1 OME mg/kg, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients who required an opioid prescription refill (Cryo 12.4% vs. no-Cryo 11.5%, p = 0.884) or were readmitted (Cryo 5.3% vs. no-Cryo 4.6%, p = 0.833). CONCLUSION Patients who underwent cryoablation during MIRPE were prescribed significantly less opioid at the time of discharge without increasing the need for opioid refills or hospital readmissions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Treatment study; Level III evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Eldredge
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Brielle Ochoa
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jared Carmichael
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel J Ostlie
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Child Health and Development, University of Arizona, School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Child Health and Development, University of Arizona, School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lisa McMahon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Child Health and Development, University of Arizona, School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - David M Notrica
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Child Health and Development, University of Arizona, School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin E Padilla
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Child Health and Development, University of Arizona, School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Huerta CT, Cobler-Lichter MD, Lynn R, Ramsey WA, Delamater JM, Alligood DM, Parreco JP, Sola JE, Perez EA, Thorson CM. Outcomes After Pectus Excavatum Repair: Center Volume Matters. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:935-940. [PMID: 38360451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pectus excavatum (Pectus) repair may be offered for those with significant cardiopulmonary compromise or severe cosmetic defects. The influence of hospital center volume on postoperative outcomes in children is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of children undergoing Pectus repair, stratified by hospital surgical volume. METHODS The Nationwide Readmission Database was queried (2016-2020) for patients with Pectus (Q67.6). Patients were stratified into those who received repair at high-volume centers (HVCs; ≥20 repairs annually) versus low-volume centers (LVCs; <20 repairs annually). Demographics and outcomes were analyzed using standard statistical tests. RESULTS A total of 9414 patients with Pectus underwent repair during the study period, with 69% treated at HVCs and 31% at LVCs. Patients at LVCs experienced higher rates of complications during index admission, including pneumothorax (23% vs. 15%), chest tube placement (5% vs. 2%), and overall perioperative complications (28% vs. 24%) compared to those treated at HVCs, all p < 0.001. Patients treated at LVCs had higher readmission rates within 30 days (3.8% vs. 2.8% HVCs) and overall readmission (6.8% vs. 4.7% HVCs), both p < 0.010. Among readmitted patients (n = 547), the most frequent complications during readmission for those initially treated at LVCs included pneumothorax/hemothorax (21% vs. 8%), bar dislodgment (21% vs. 12%), and electrolyte disorders (15% vs. 9%) compared to those treated at HVCs. CONCLUSION Pediatric Pectus repair performed at high-volume centers was associated with fewer index complications and readmissions compared to lower-volume centers. Patients and surgeons should consider this hospital volume-outcome relationship. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective Comparative. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Royi Lynn
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Walter A Ramsey
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessica M Delamater
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel M Alligood
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Juan E Sola
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo A Perez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chad M Thorson
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Eldredge RS, Ochoa B, Khoury E, Mihalcin K, Ostlie D, Lee J, McMahon L, Notrica D, Padilla BE. Long-Term Sensory Function 3 years after Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum with Cryoablation. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:379-384. [PMID: 37973420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) with intercostal nerve cryoablation (Cryo) decreases length of hospitalization and opioid use, but long-term recovery of sensation has been poorly described. The purpose of this study was to quantify long-term hypoesthesia and neuropathic pain after MIRPE with Cryo. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted single-institution of patients ≤21 years who presented for bar removal. Consented patients underwent chest wall sensory testing and completed neuropathic pain screening. Chest wall hypoesthesia to cold, soft touch, and pinprick were measured as the percent of the treated anterior chest wall surface area (TACWSA); neuropathic pain was evaluated by questionnaire. RESULTS The study enrolled 47 patients; 87% male; median age 18.4 years. The median bar dwell time was 2.9 years. A median of 2 bars were placed; 80.9% were secured with pericostal sutures. At enrollment, 46.8% of patients had identifiable chest wall hypoesthesia. The mean percentage of TACWSA with hypoesthesia was 4.7 ± 9.3% (cold), 3.9 ± 7.7% (soft touch), and 5.9 ± 11.8% (pinprick). Hypoesthesia to cold was found in 0 dermatomes in 62%, 1 dermatome in 11%, 2 dermatomes in 17% and ≥3 dermatomes in 11%. T5 was the most common dermatome with hypoesthesia. Neuropathic symptoms were identified by 13% of patients; none required treatment. CONCLUSION In long-term follow up after MIRPE with Cryo, 46.8% of patients experienced some chest wall hypoesthesia; the average TACWSA with hypoesthesia was 4-6%. Hypoesthesia was mostly limited to 1-2 dermatomes, most commonly T5. Chronic symptomatic neuropathic pain was rare. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Eldredge
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Division of General Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Brielle Ochoa
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Emily Khoury
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kristin Mihalcin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel Ostlie
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; University of Arizona School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; University of Arizona School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lisa McMahon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; University of Arizona School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - David Notrica
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; University of Arizona School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin E Padilla
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; University of Arizona School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Walsh J, Walsh R, Redmond K. Systematic review of physiological and psychological outcomes of surgery for pectus excavatum supporting commissioning of service in the UK. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001665. [PMID: 37827806 PMCID: PMC10582895 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectus excavatum (PEx) is the most common congenital chest wall abnormality affecting 1 in 400 births in the UK. PEx is associated with significant physiological and psychological impairment. While readily surgically correctable, the benefits that surgery can bring have been debated and proven difficult to objectively measure. In the UK, this has led to the decommissioning of PEx surgery. The aim of this review is to conduct a systematic search of the literature on PEx surgery to assess physiological and psychological outcomes. METHODS A systematic review of the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and Cochrane databases was performed. Articles were sought which included patients undergoing surgery for PEx and reported on changes in cardiopulmonary measures, symptoms, quality of life and psychological assessments before and after surgical repair. Last search was performed in July 2022 and relevant findings were synthesised by narrative review. RESULTS Fifty-one articles were included in qualitative synthesis, with 34 studies relating to physiological outcomes and 17 studies relating to psychological and quality of life measures. Twenty-one studies investigated pulmonary function at rest. There was no change in forced vital capacity or forced expiratory volume in 1 second following open repair and transient reductions followed closed repair. In the 11 studies investigating echocardiography, transthoracic rarely demonstrated cardiac compression; however, transoesophageal demonstrated intraoperative relief in cardiac compression in severe cases. Sixteen studies investigated exercise testing (cardiopulmonary exercise testing, CPET), 12 of which demonstrated significant improvement following surgery, both in maximal oxygen consumption and oxygen pulse. Seventeen studies investigated quality of life, all but one of which showed improvement following repair of PEx. All papers that reported on patient satisfaction following surgery found high rates, between 80% and 97%. DISCUSSION While the majority of studies to date have been small and data heterogeneous, the literature shows that for many patients with PEx, there exists a cardiopulmonary limitation that while difficult to objectify, is likely to improve with surgical repair. Resting parameters offer little yield in aiding this except in the most severe cases. CPET therefore offers a better option for dynamic assessment of this limitation and improvements following repair. Surgery significantly improves psychological well-being and quality of life for patients with PEx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Walsh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ross Walsh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen Redmond
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Eldredge RS, McMahon L. Intercostal nerve cryoablation therapy for the repair of pectus excavatum: a systematic review. Front Surg 2023; 10:1235120. [PMID: 37693640 PMCID: PMC10484532 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1235120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (PE) is a painful procedure that can result in long-term hospitalization and opioid use. To mitigate the length of stay and opioid consumption, many different analgesia strategies have been implemented. The aim of this study is to review the use and patient outcomes of intercostal nerve cryoablation (INC) during PE repair reported in the literature. Methods An unfunded literature search using PubMed identifying articles discussing INC during PE repair from 1946 to 1 July 2023 was performed. Articles were included if they discussed patient outcomes with INC use during PE repair. Articles were excluded if they were reviews/meta-analyses, editorials, or not available in English. Each article was reviewed for bias by analyzing the study methods, data analysis, patient selection, and patient follow-up. Articles comparing outcomes of INC were considered significant if p-value was <0.05. Results A total of 34 articles were included in this review that described INC use during pectus repair. Most supported a decreased hospital length of stay and opioid use with INC. Overall, INC was associated with fewer short-term and long-term complications. However, the researchers reported varied results of total hospital costs with the use of INC. Conclusion The review was limited by a paucity of prospective studies and low number of patients who received INC. Despite this, the present data support INC as a safe and effective analgesic strategy during the repair of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa McMahon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Hohneck A, Ansari U, Natale M, Wittig K, Overhoff D, Riffel P, Boettcher M, Akin I, Duerschmied D, Papavassiliu T. Description of a new clinical syndrome: thoracic constriction without evidence of the typical funnel-shaped depression-the "invisible" pectus excavatum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12036. [PMID: 37491452 PMCID: PMC10368685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectus excavatum (PE) is a congenital malformation with a funnel-shaped depression of the sternum that can lead to cardiac symptoms. However, there are patients with thoracic constriction (defined as elevated Haller-Index > 3.25 determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)) without visible evidence of PE, leading to similar complaints. Between January 2004 till June 2020, patients who underwent CMR for further evaluation of the heart, due to cardiac symptoms were enrolled and compared to controls. Biventricular global strain analysis was assessed using feature tracking (CMR-FT). ECG and/or Holter recordings were performed to detect rhythm events. Cardiac symptoms were evaluated in detail using a questionnaire. Finally, 88 patients (male 35, female 53) with elevated Haller-Index (3.9 ± 0.8) were included and compared to CMR data from 25 individuals with confirmed PE and 25 healthy controls (HC). Mean age at time of CMR was 35 ± 16 years. The most common symptoms at presentation were palpitations (41%), followed by dyspnea (24%) and atypical chest pain (14%). Three patients (3%) had atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Concomitant phenomena were pericardial effusion in 39% and mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in 27% of the study cohort. While there were no differences in left ventricular function or volumes, right ventricular function (RVEF) was significantly lower in patients with internal PE compared to HC (RVEF (%) 50 ± 5 vs 59 ± 4, p < 0.01). Strain analysis revealed only discrete changes in RV strain, implying a purely mechanical problem in the absence of structural changes. RV dimensions were negatively correlated with the size of thoracic indices (r = 0.41), reflecting the extent of thoracic constriction. MVP was more prevalent in patients with greater thoracic indices (r = 0.24). The described cohort, referred to as internal PE because of the absence of external changes, showed similar CMR morphologic findings as patients with real PE (especially altered dimensions of the right heart and a lower RVEF). In addition, there was a high incidence of rhythm disturbances, such as extrasystoles or arrhythmias. In one-third of the study cohort additional abnormalities such as pericardial effusion or MVP were present, with MVP being found more frequently in patients with larger thoracic indices, suggesting a possible common pathogenesis.Trial registration: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN15355937, retrospectively registered 03.06.2022, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15355937?q=15355937&filters=&sort=&offset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hohneck
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Uzair Ansari
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michèle Natale
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karsten Wittig
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Overhoff
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Riffel
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Theano Papavassiliu
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Janssen N, Daemen JHT, van Polen EJ, Coorens NA, Jansen YJL, Franssen AJPM, Hulsewé KWE, Vissers YLJ, Haecker FM, Milanez de Campos JR, de Loos ER. Pectus Excavatum: Consensus and Controversies in Clinical Practice. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:191-199. [PMID: 36997016 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital anterior chest wall deformity. Currently, a wide variety of diagnostic protocols and criteria for corrective surgery are being used. Their use is predominantly based on local preferences and experience. To date, no guideline is available, introducing heterogeneity of care as observed in current daily practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate consensus and controversies regarding the diagnostic protocol, indications for surgical correction, and postoperative evaluation of pectus excavatum. METHODS The study consisted of 3 consecutive survey rounds evaluating agreement on different statements regarding pectus excavatum care. Consensus was achieved if at least 70% of participants provided a concurring opinion. RESULTS All 3 rounds were completed by 57 participants (18% response rate). Consensus was achieved on 18 of 62 statements (29%). Regarding the diagnostic protocol, participants agreed to routinely include conventional photography. In the presence of cardiac impairment, electrocardiography and echocardiography were indicated. Upon suspicion of pulmonary impairment, spirometry was recommended. In addition, consensus was reached on the indications for corrective surgery, including symptomatic pectus excavatum and progression. Participants moreover agreed that a plain chest radiograph must be acquired directly after surgery, whereas conventional photography and physical examination should both be part of routine postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Through a multiround survey, international consensus was formed on multiple topics to aid standardization of pectus excavatum care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Janssen
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean H T Daemen
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Elise J van Polen
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Nadine A Coorens
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Yanina J L Jansen
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Aimée J P M Franssen
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Karel W E Hulsewé
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne L J Vissers
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank-Martin Haecker
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jose R Milanez de Campos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erik R de Loos
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
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Katrancioglu O, Ozgel M, Inceoglu F, Katrancioglu N, Sahin E. Is there a relationship between Haller Index and cardiopulmonary function in children with pectus excavatum? TURK GOGUS KALP DAMAR CERRAHISI DERGISI 2023; 31:367-373. [PMID: 37664765 PMCID: PMC10472459 DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2023.24088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aims to systematically examine the cardiopulmonary functions in children with pectus excavatum and to compare the obtained findings with the Haller Index. Methods Between September 2017 and June 2018, medical records of a total of 31 patients (27 males, 4 females; mean age: 14.8±2.0 years; range, 9 to 18 years) with pectus excavatum were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into Group 1 (<2.5), Group 2 (2.5 to 3.19), and Group 3 (>3.2) according to the Haller Index. All groups were systematically evaluated based on pulmonary function tests and echocardiography. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second/ forced vital capacity ratio were calculated. Left ventricular enddiastolic diameter, ejection fraction, mitral valve prolapses, and right ventricular cavity in the apical four-chamber position were evaluated with echocardiography. Results Of the patients, 19.4% were in Group 1, 38.7% in Group 2, and 41.9% in Group 3. The mean Haller Index value was 3.09±0.64. According to pulmonary function test results, 16.1% of the patients had restrictive disease and 6.5% had obstructive disease. There was a negative correlation between the index and forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity, and there was a statistically significant decrease in these values, as the Haller Index increased (p<0.017). There was a significant difference in the ejection fraction among the groups (p<0.001) and, as the Haller Index increased, ejection fraction statistically significantly decreased. Conclusion Our study results show a negative correlation between the severity of pectus excavatum and pulmonary dysfunction and, as the severity increases, left ventricular function may be affected by the deformity. As a result, there seems to be a significant relationship between the severity of the deformity and cardiopulmonary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Katrancioglu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Ozgel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Feyza Inceoglu
- Department of Biostatistics, Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Nurkay Katrancioglu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Ekber Sahin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Point Hospital, Gaziantep, Türkiye
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11
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Walter CM, Lee CS, Moore DL, Abbasian N, Clay SJ, Mecoli MD, Olbrecht VA, Batra M, Ding L, Yang F, Nair M, Huq A, Simpson BE, Brown RL, Garcia VF, Chidambaran V. Retrospective study comparing outcomes of multimodal epidural and erector spinae catheter pain protocols after pectus surgery. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:397-404. [PMID: 35907711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are no optimal postoperative analgesia regimens for Nuss procedures. We compared the effectiveness of thoracic epidurals (EPI) and novel ambulatory erector spinae plane (ESP) catheters as part of multimodal pain protocols after Nuss surgery. METHODS Data on demographics, comorbidities, perioperative details, length of stay (LOS), in hospital and post discharge pain/opioid use, side effects, and emergency department (ED) visits were collected retrospectively in children who underwent Nuss repair with EPI (N = 114) and ESP protocols (N = 97). Association of the group with length of stay (LOS), in hospital opioid use (intravenous morphine equivalents (MEq)/kg over postoperative day (POD) 0-2), and oral opioid use beyond POD7 was analyzed using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with propensity scores, followed by multivariable regression. RESULTS Groups had similar demographics. Compared to EPI, ESP had longer block time and higher rate of ketamine and dexmedetomidine use. LOS for ESP was 2 days IQR (2, 2) compared to 3 days IQR (3, 4) for EPI (p < 0.01). Compared to EPI, ESP group had higher opioid use (in MEq/kg) intraoperatively (0.32 (IQR 0.27, 0.36) vs. 0.28 (0.24, 0.32); p < 0.01) but lower opioid use on POD 0 (0.09 (IQR 0.04, 0.17) vs. 0.11 (0.08, 0.17); p = 0.03) and POD2 (0.00 (IQR 0.00, 0.00) vs. 0.04 (0.00, 0.06) ; p < 0.01). ESP group also had lower total in hospital opioid use (0.57 (IQR 0.42, 0.73) vs.0.82 (0.71, 0.91); p < 0.01), and shorter duration of post discharge opioid use (6 days (IQR 5,8) vs. 9 days (IQR 7,12) (p < 0.01). After IPTW adjustment, ESP continued to be associated with shorter LOS (difference -1.20, 95% CI: -1.38, -1.01, p < 0.01) and decreased odds for opioid use beyond POD7 (OR 0.11, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.24); p < 0.01). However, total in hospital opioid use in MEq/kg (POD0-2) was now similar between groups (difference -0.02 (95% CI: -0.09, -0.04); p = 0.50). The EPI group had higher incidence of emesis (29% v 4%, p < 0.01), while ESP had higher catheter malfunction rates (23% v 0%; p < 0.01) but both groups had comparable ED visits/readmissions. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Compared to EPI, multimodal ambulatory ESP protocol decreased LOS and postoperative opioid use, with comparable ED visits/readmissions. Disadvantages included higher postoperative pain scores, longer block times and higher catheter leakage/malfunction. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Walter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2001, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Christopher S Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2001, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - David L Moore
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2001, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Niekoo Abbasian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2001, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Smokey J Clay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2001, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Marc D Mecoli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2001, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Vanessa A Olbrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2001, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Meenu Batra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2001, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Lili Ding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 5041, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Fang Yang
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 5041, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Manu Nair
- Summer Undergraduate Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Abraar Huq
- Summer Undergraduate Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Blair E Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 3024, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Rebeccah L Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Pediatric, General and Thoracic Surgery Department, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2023, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Victor F Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Pediatric, General and Thoracic Surgery Department, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2023, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Vidya Chidambaran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2001, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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Stephens EH, Dearani JA, Jaroszewski DE. Pectus Excavatum in Cardiac Surgery Patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 115:1312-1321. [PMID: 36781097 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectus excavatum frequently accompanies congenital heart disease and connective tissue diseases requiring cardiac surgery. Sometimes the indication is cardiac repair, with the pectus being incidentally noticed; other times, the pectus subsequently develops or becomes more significant after cardiac surgery. This review arms cardiac and congenital surgeons with background about the physiologic impact of pectus, indications for repair and repair strategies, and outcomes for cardiac surgery patients requiring pectus repair. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was performed using keywords related to pectus excavatum, pectus repair, and cardiac/congenital heart surgery within the PubMed database. RESULTS The risks of complications related to pectus repair, including in the setting of cardiac surgery or after cardiac surgery, are low in experienced hands, and patients demonstrate cardiopulmonary benefits and symptom relief. Concomitant pectus and cardiac surgery should be considered if it is performed in conjunction with those experienced in pectus repair, particularly given the increased cardiopulmonary impact of pectus after bypass. In the setting of potential bleeding or hemodynamic instability, delayed sternal closure is recommended. For those with anticipated pectus repair after cardiac surgery, the pericardium should be reconstructed for cardiac protection. For those undergoing pectus repair after cardiac surgery without a membrane placed, a "hybrid" approach is safe and effective. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing cardiac surgery noted to have pectus should be considered for possible concomitant or staged pectus repair. For those who will undergo a staged procedure, a barrier membrane should be placed before chest closure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph A Dearani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dawn E Jaroszewski
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.
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13
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Velayos M, Alonso M, Estefanía K, Jesus Muñoz A, Torres R, Hernández F, Reinoso F, Torre CDL. Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Cryoanalgesia for Pectus Excavatum: When Should It be Applied? Eur J Pediatr Surg 2023; 33:61-67. [PMID: 36257335 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The addition of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoanalgesia (PCr) for pain management after pectus excavatum (PE) surgery offers a new and advantageous approach. Our aim is to describe our experience with PCr applied on the same day, 24 hours, and 48 hours prior to PE surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective pilot study in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided PCr (2019-2022) was divided into three groups: PCr on the same day of surgery (PCrSD), PCr 24 hours before (PCr24), and PCr 48 hours before (PCr48). We describe the application of technique and data obtained by comparing the three groups. RESULTS We present 42 patients (25 PCrSD, 11 PCr24, 6 PCr48). PCr24 had a shorter procedure duration than PCrSD (65.8 vs. 91.2 minute; p = 0.048). Related to analgesia, PCr24 and PCr48 showed lower opioid consumption than PCrSD in PCA volume (48.5 and 49.6 vs. 75.1 mL; p = 0.015) and PCA time (23.3 and 23.8 vs. 34.3 hours; p = 0.01). Degree of pain (VAS scale) on the day of surgery and on the second postoperative day was lower in PCr24 and PCr48 than in PCrSD (4 and 2 vs. 5; p = 0.012; 0 and 1 vs. 2; p = 0.01, respectively) as well as shorter hospital stay (3 and 3.5 vs. 5 days; p = 0.021). In addition, PCr24 showed lower opioid consumption and hospital stay than PCr48 (p > 0.05). The greatest savings in hospital costs were obtained in the PCr24 group. CONCLUSION PCr48 and PCr24 prior to PE surgery offers lower opioid consumption, less pain and shorter hospital stay than PCrSD. PCr24 is comparable to PCr48, but seems to show advantages and simpler logistics for the patient and the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Velayos
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Departament of Anesthesia, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla Estefanía
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesus Muñoz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Torres
- Pain Unit Nursery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Reinoso
- Departament of Anesthesia, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos De la Torre
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Grunfeld M, Ohira S, Choe J, Lanier GM, Martin K, Spielvogel D, Kai M. Heart recovery from a brain-dead donor with a history of Ravitch procedure for repair of pectus excavatum. J Card Surg 2022; 37:5531-5533. [PMID: 36273420 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.17065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe the successful heart transplantation of a brain-dead male donor with a remote history of pectus excavatum repair. METHOD AND RESULTS On computed tomography, the ascending aorta was in close proximity to metallic struts from the donor's sternal repair. Before harvesting the heart, visual and digital inspections revealed minimal space between the sternum and ascending aorta, complicated by severe adhesions in the lower sternum. After the pericardium was opened, the subsequent recovery of the heart was performed in a standard fashion. At one-year post-transplant, the recipient continues to have normal graft function. CONCLUSIONS Careful evaluation, intraoperative consideration, and coordination with other transplant teams were essential in the successful recovery of the heart during a time of organ shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suguru Ohira
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Choe
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Gregg M Lanier
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Martin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - David Spielvogel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Masashi Kai
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
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15
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van Es LJ, van Royen BJ, Oomen MW. Clinical significance of concomitant pectus deformity and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: systematic review with best evidence synthesis. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022; 11:100140. [PMID: 35814492 PMCID: PMC9256832 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2022.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A misbalance in forces is proposed for causing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). AIS is therefore correlated to adjacent musculoskeletal pathologies. Its concomitance with idiopathic pectus deformities (PD) is underexposed. This systematic review analyzes the clinical significance and predictive factors of PD-associated AIS. METHODS A search was performed in PubMed, UpToDate, Embase, and Cochrane. A study was included if it: assessed the association between PD and scoliosis (category I), reported a prevalence of scoliosis in PD patients (category II), or addressed other topics about PD-associated AIS (category III). Studies in category I discussing predictive factors were appraised using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Because of heterogeneity among the studies, predictive factors were analyzed according to a best evidence synthesis. A mean prevalence of scoliosis in PD patients was calculated using category I and II. Category III was narratively reviewed. RESULTS Forty-eight studies were included (I:19, II:21, III:8). Category I comprised 512 patients with PD-concomitant scoliosis. Thirteen studies reported predictive factors, of which 15 concerned the prevalence of scoliosis in PD patients and 12 Cobb Angle (CA) change after PD correction. Compared with AIS, PD seems to develop earlier in adolescence, and PD with concomitant AIS was more frequently reported in older patients. Evidence remained conflicting regarding the association between the severity of PD and that of scoliosis. As opposed to at a younger age, late PD correction is not associated with a postoperative increase of CA. Limited evidence showed that patients with a high CA undergoing PD correction do not experience an increase in CA, though, strong evidence indicated that it would not lead to a decrease in CA. The mean probable prevalence of AIS in PD patients was 13.1%. CONCLUSION Current literature confirms the association between PD and AIS in patients with an indication for PD correction.Level of evidence: III.
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Key Words
- AIS, Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)
- BES, Best Evidence Synthesis
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- CA, Cobb Angle
- CT, Computed Tomography
- Chest wall deformities
- Funnel chest
- HI, Haller Index
- PC, Pectus Carinatum
- PD, Pectus Deformity
- PE, Pectus Excavatum
- Pectus carinatum
- Pectus excavatum
- Pigeon breast
- STA, Sternal Tilt Angle
- Scoliosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurian J.M. van Es
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Noordwest Ziekenhuis, Wilhelminalaan 12 1815 JD Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Barend J. van Royen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. B.J. van Royen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam.
| | - Matthijs W.N. Oomen
- Department of Pediatric surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Duncan Phillips J, Hoover JD. Chest Wall Deformities and Congenital Lung Lesions. Surg Clin North Am 2022; 102:883-911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Chavoin JP, Facchini F, Leyx P, Hunt I, Benjoar MD, Molins L, Tiffet O, Ratdke C, Dornseifer U, Giovannini M, Chaput B, Redmond K. [Place of 3D custom-made implants after failure of modeling steno-chondro-plasties]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2022; 67:414-424. [PMID: 35933312 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Most common congenital malformation of the thorax, Pectus Excavatum affects about one in 500 people. Several surgical or medical techniques have been proposed. Some are followed by complications or insufficient results even though their constant functional value is highly controversial. Secondary surgery with a deep customized 3D elastomer implant, may be an elegant effective and safe solution compared to others; it allows a good aesthetic result expected by patients in the absence of any respiratory or cardio-vascular functional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Chavoin
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU Toulouse Rangueil, 1, avenue Jean-Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - F Facchini
- Service de chirurgie infantile, Hopital pédiatrique Meyer, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italie
| | - P Leyx
- Recherche et développement, Anatomik Modeling SAS, 19, rue Jean Mermoz, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - I Hunt
- Pectus Clinic, service de chirurgie thoraciqueSpire St. Anthony's Hospital Worcester Park, Sutton SM3, 9DW Londres, Royaume Uni
| | | | - L Molins
- Hôpital Clinique universitaire du Sacré-cœur, C. de Viladomat 288, 08029 Barcelone, Espagne
| | - O Tiffet
- Service de chirurgie Thoracique, CHU de St.Etienne, hôpital Nord, avenue Albert Raimond, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - C Ratdke
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, clinique universitaire de Vienne, 18-20 Waringer Gurtel, 1090 Vienne, Autriche
| | - U Dornseifer
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, Isar Klinikum, Sonnenstrasse 24-26, 80331 Munich, Allemagne
| | - M Giovannini
- Chirurgie Générale et thoracique, via di Roncrio 25, 40100 Bologne, Italie
| | - B Chaput
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, CHU Toulouse Rangueil, 1, avenue Jean-Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - K Redmond
- Service de Chirurgie cardio-thoracique Hôpital Universitaire Mater Misericordia, Ecole street, Dublin 7, Irlande
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Kloth K, Klohs S, Bhullar J, Boettcher M, Hempel M, Trah J, Reinshagen K. The Epidemiology behind Pectus Excavatum: Clinical Study and Review of the Literature. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2022; 32:316-320. [PMID: 34126636 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pectus excavatum (PE) is a funnel-shaped indentation of the sternum and is the most common deformity of the chest wall. It is associated with syndromic diseases but can occur as an isolated form. Familial occurrence is assumed in up to 40% of cases, but large-scale studies are lacking. Most of the data are obtained from case reports which postulate autosomal recessive, dominant with reduced penetrance, X-linked, and multifactorial patterns of inheritance. No monogenetic cause has been identified to date. This study was designed to provide basic information on the epidemiology, family history, and comorbidity for a large cohort of isolated PE and to show that there is an inheritance pattern for PE that indicates a genetic background. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was done using a paper-based questionnaire for all PE patients attending two specialized centers for chest wall deformities. Patients with isolated PE were included and asked to provide information on family history and comorbidities. RESULTS Family history was available for 78 patients. A positive family history was found in 42 patients (54%) with a total of 53 affected family members. CONCLUSION The described family histories indicate an underlying genetic cause for PE. Identification of the genetic factors may contribute to characterize patients who are at risk of inheriting isolated PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kloth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Klohs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Bhullar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Trah
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Ganescu O, Emil S, Saint-Martin C, Guadagno E, Laberge JM, LaRusso K, Frigon C. Postoperative pain following minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum: A descriptive study. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:918-926. [PMID: 35105456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum (MIRPE) is associated with significant postoperative pain. The objective of our study was to characterize the severity and duration of this pain, and to investigate possible associations with pectus severity. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients who underwent MIRPE from January 2014 to April 2018. Pectus excavatum (PE) severity was determined with 3 indices measured from computed tomography: Depression Index (DI), Correction Index (CI), and Haller index (HI). Mean pain scores for every 6-hour period and the presence of pain and intake of analgesics during follow-up were extracted from the medical record. RESULTS The cohort included 57 patients with a mean age of 15.9 ± 1.3 years. All 3 severity indices were positively correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8 between the DI and CI. The requirement for 2 bars was significantly associated with higher indices (95% CI:0.18-0.63, p = 0.01). Pain was managed with thoracic epidural analgesia for all but one patient. Growth linear modeling identified five different pain trajectory subgroups of patients up to post-operative day 5. None of the tested predictors (age, gender, body image, physical activity level, DI, CI, HI, difference deformity-epidural level) were significantly associated with class membership. Persistent pain at one-year follow-up was present in 18% of patients, all with severe deformity (DI≥0.8). CONCLUSION Pain trajectory and intensity after MIRPE can be classified into discrete patterns but are not influenced by PE severity. Severe deformity seems to predict persistent pain at one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ganescu
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sherif Emil
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Chest Wall Anomaly Centre, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Elena Guadagno
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Martin Laberge
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Chest Wall Anomaly Centre, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn LaRusso
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chantal Frigon
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, McGill University Health Center, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anesthesiol+ogy, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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20
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Daemen JHT, de Loos ER, Geraedts TCM, Van Veer H, Van Huijstee PJ, Elenbaas TWO, Hulsewé KWE, Vissers YLJ. Visual diagnosis of pectus excavatum: An inter-observer and intra-observer agreement analysis. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:526-531. [PMID: 34183157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Among patients suspected of pectus excavatum, visual examination is a key aspect of diagnosis and, moreover, guides work-up and treatment strategy. This study evaluated the inter-observer and intra-observer agreement of visual examination and diagnosis of pectus excavatum among experts. METHODS Three-dimensional surface images of consecutive patients suspected of pectus excavatum were reviewed in a multi-center setting. Interactive three-dimensional images were evaluated for the presence of pectus excavatum, asymmetry, flaring, depth of deformity, cranial onset, overall severity and morphological subtype through a questionnaire. Observers were blinded to all clinical patient information, completing the questionnaire twice per subject. Agreement was analyzed by kappa statistics. RESULTS Fifty-eight subjects with a median age of 15.5 years (interquartile range: 14.1-18.2) were evaluated by 5 (cardio)thoracic surgeons. Pectus excavatum was visually diagnosed in 55% to 95% of cases by different surgeons, revealing considerable inter-observer differences (kappa: 0.50; 95%-confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-0.58). All other items demonstrated inter-observer kappa's of 0.25-0.37. Intra-observer analyses evaluating the presence of pectus excavatum demonstrated a kappa of 0.81 (95%-CI: 0.72-0.91), while all other items showed intra-observer kappa's of 0.36-0.68. CONCLUSIONS Visual examination and diagnosis of pectus excavatum yields considerable inter-observer and intra-observer disagreements. As this variation in judgement could impact work-up and treatment strategy, objective standardization is urged. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean H T Daemen
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik R de Loos
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
| | - Tessa C M Geraedts
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Van Veer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; BREATHE Laboratory, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ted W O Elenbaas
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Karel W E Hulsewé
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne L J Vissers
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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21
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Velayos M, Alonso M, Delgado-Miguel C, Estefanía-Fernández K, Muñoz-Serrano AJ, Santamaría MVL, Reinoso-Barbero F, De La Torre CA. Percutaneous Cryoanalgesia: A New Strategy for Pain Management in Pectus Excavatum Surgery. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2022; 32:73-79. [PMID: 34942673 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, pain protocols for pectus excavatum (PE) have incorporated cryoanalgesia through thoracoscopic approach. Since 2019, ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoanalgesia (PCr) has been applied at our institution, either on the same day as the Nuss procedure or 48 hours before surgery. We carried out a preliminary retrospective review of patients with PE in whom PCr prior to surgery was performed at our institution between 2019 and 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups were evaluated: PCr on the same day (PCrSD) and PCr 48 hours before surgery (PCr48). Despite PCr, patients were treated with "patient-controlled analgesia" (PCA) with opioids for at least 24 hours, switching to conventional intravenous analgesia and oral analgesia in the following days. Demographic, clinical-radiological variables, PCA opioid use, pain grade according to the visual analog scale (VAS), and length of stay (LOS) were compared between the groups. A total of 20 patients were included (12 with PCrSD and 8 with PCr48), without significant differences in demographics or clinical-radiological variables. The overall median time of PCr was 65 minutes (55-127), with no differences between the groups. RESULTS PCr48 group presented with significantly lower median number of hours of continuous PCA (24 vs. 32 hours; p = 0.031), lower median number of rescue boluses (11 vs. 18; p = 0.042), lower median VAS in the early postoperative hours (2 vs. 5.5; p = 0.043), and lower median LOS (3.5 vs. 5 days). CONCLUSION PCr performed 48 hours prior to surgery is more effective in terms of PCA requirements, VAS, and LOS when compared with cryoanalgesia on the same day.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Velayos
- Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Children's Anesthesia and Resuscitation Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Houle MC, Sjulin TJ, McInnis IC, Walter RJ, Morris MJ. Clinical Evaluation of Exertional Dyspnea in Adult Pectus Excavatum Patients. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x18666220128110107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Evaluation of patients with pectus excavatum has primarily been focused on the pediatric population who undergo surgical correction of sternal defects mainly for cosmetic reasons combined with exercise-limiting symptoms. The extent of cardiopulmonary improvement in this population based on cardiac imaging, pulmonary function testing, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be highly variable. There is no current consensus on the limitations of cardiopulmonary impairment or potential improvement from surgical repair in pediatric patients. Limited data has published in the medical literature on the evaluation of adults with pectus excavatum who may also present with a variety of clinical symptoms. Adult patients with exercise limitation and pectus excavatum may present with exertional dyspnea, chest discomfort, palpitations/tachycardia, exercise-induced wheezing, and use of bronchodilators for asthma-like symptoms. While numerous published review articles outline clinical evaluation and surgical treatment for younger patients, comprehensive evaluation for these adult patients has not been fully elucidated. There is no current consensus on the underlying cause of cardiopulmonary impairment in adult patients or their potential improvement from surgical repair. This review focuses on the recommended evaluation of adult patients to discern the potential cardiopulmonary limitations to exercise due to pectus excavatum, especially in physically fit adults such as active duty military personnel. Two illustrative cases are presented to describe the complexity of the evaluation of adult patients and potential need for surgical correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo C. Houle
- Pulmonary/Critical Care Service, Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX , USA
| | - Tyson J. Sjulin
- Pulmonary/Critical Care Service, Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX , USA
| | - Ian C. McInnis
- Pulmonary/Critical Care Service, Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX , USA
| | - Robert J. Walter
- Pulmonary/Critical Care Service, Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX , USA
| | - Michael J. Morris
- Pulmonary/Critical Care Service, Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX , USA
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23
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Jung Y, Yi E, Lee K, Chung JH, Cho S, Lee S. Surgical versus Vacuum Bell Therapy for the Correction of Pectus Excavatum: A Comparison of 1-Year Treatment Outcomes. J Chest Surg 2021; 54:473-479. [PMID: 34815370 PMCID: PMC8646059 DOI: 10.5090/jcs.21.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare 1-year clinical outcomes between patients who underwent a Nuss operation or vacuum bell therapy and to present vacuum bell therapy as a possible alternative treatment modality for patients who prefer non-surgical correction of pectus excavatum. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of pectus excavatum patients who had undergone vacuum bell therapy for more than 1 year and examined patients who had undergone Nuss bar removal more than 1 year previously. The treatment outcomes were evaluated by comparing changes in the Haller index before and after treatment in both patient groups. Results We included 57 patients in this study and divided them into 2 groups according to the type of treatment received. Both groups showed no significant difference in the post-treatment Haller index after 1 year of follow-up, although the Nuss operation group showed a greater change in the Haller index than the vacuum bell group. Conclusion Although the Nuss operation is a well-established and effective treatment of choice to correct pectus excavatum, vacuum bell therapy showed comparable outcomes and could become an alternative treatment modality for select patients who prefer non-invasive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggi Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjue Yi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwanghyoung Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Chung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sungho Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Ho CWG, Tan BK, Ong BH, Nakao M, Lim CH. Customized Two-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Guided Preoperative Pectus Bar Shaping. Ann Plast Surg 2021; 87:676-680. [PMID: 34176895 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Successful minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum relies on a pectus bar that closely conforms to the desired shape of the sternum and ribs to produce optimal elevation and remodeling. However, the present method of empirical intraoperative bar shaping is tedious and risks trauma to surrounding structures. To overcome this, we devised a technique using a life-sized computed tomography (CT) printout of the patient's chest wall to guide preoperative bar bending. METHODS A 5-cm-wide polymethylmethacrylate block placed on the sternum as the patient underwent chest CT was used as a marker to guide scaling of an axial screenshot of the patient's chest to life-size. This life-size image was printed and the planned correction of the patient's chest wall was traced onto it. The pectus bar was bent according to this template. Patient demographics, Haller index, surgical indications, operative technique, complications, aesthetic and functional improvements, and overall satisfaction were assessed. RESULTS Thirty patients (4 women) underwent primary minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum with a single pectus bar shaped preoperatively over an 8-year period. The average age and Haller index was 20.6 years and 5.4, respectively. The mean operative time was 66.4 minutes. Satisfactory sternal elevation was attained with a single attempt at bar insertion in all cases. Two patients had pneumothoraxes that resolved without intervention. The mean follow-up period was 50.1 months. There were no cases of bar migration or recurrence of deformity after bar removal. On a 5-point Likert scale, all patients indicated an improvement in aesthetic appearance (4.6), and patients with physical symptoms (10) reported an improvement in function (4.4). The overall satisfaction score was 4.7. CONCLUSIONS This technique of CT-guided preoperative pectus bar shaping is straightforward, eliminates the need for intraoperative revisions to bar shape, and achieves effective correction of the pectus excavatum deformity. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic, functional, and overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wei Guang Ho
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital
| | - Bien-Keem Tan
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital
| | - Boon Hean Ong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Heart Centre
| | | | - Chong-Hee Lim
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Heart Centre
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Sayan B, Bekiroglu N, Yuksel M. Pectus cross bars increase hospital readmission rates due to serous pleural effusion. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 70:352-358. [PMID: 34784003 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-021-01732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pectus Excavatum's (PE) surgical treatment should be patient specific. In this article, we aimed to compare parallel and cross bar variations of the Nuss method and analyze if there is any difference in results. METHODS In this study, a total of 891 patients treated with the Nuss method between August 2005 and February 2018 were considered. These were retrieved from a prospectively recorded PE database. Of these, 276 double-bar patients were included in the study. Patients with parallel bars (225 cases) and patients with crossed bars (51 cases) were compared in terms of age, gender, symmetry, family history, additional anomalies, mean operation time, postoperative hospital stay (days) and hospital readmission rate. RESULTS The mean age was measured at 20.7 for parallel bar patients and 20.1 for crossed bars patients. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of age, gender, and mean operation time between two groups. On the other hand, statistical significance was found between two groups when analyzing the deformities' symmetry, patients' family history and additional anomalies. The statistically significant difference of postoperative hospital stay between two groups is clinically negligible. Postoperative hospital readmission rates due to serous pleural effusion were found to be significantly increased in patients with crossed bars (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION While pleural effusion requiring readmission was statistically more frequent in cross bars, in centers where thoracentesis can be managed, Nuss method can still be applied safely, even in cases with difficult, complex deformities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III. Treatment study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihter Sayan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nural Bekiroglu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yuksel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hardie W, Powell AW, Jenkins TM, Foster K, Tretter JT, Fleck RJ, Garcia VF, Brown RL. Ventilatory limitations are not associated with dyspnea on exertion or reduced aerobic fitness in pectus excavatum. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:2911-2917. [PMID: 34143574 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Exercise intolerance and chest pain are common symptoms in patients with pectus excavatum. To assess if the anatomic extent of pectus deformities determined by the correction index (CI) is associated with a pulmonary impairment at rest and during exercise we performed a retrospective review on pectus patients in our center who completed a symptom questionnaire, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), pulmonary function tests (PFT), and chest magnetic resonance imaging. Of 259 patients studied, dyspnea on exertion and chest pain was reported in 64% and 41%, respectively. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 ) was reduced in 30% and classified as mild in two-thirds. A pulmonary limitation during exercise was identified in less than 3%. Ventilatory limitations on PFT was found in 26% and classified as mild in 85%. Obstruction was the most common abnormal pattern (11%). There were no differences between patients with normal or abnormal PFT patterns for the CI, VO2, or percentage reporting dyspnea or chest pain. Scatter plots demonstrated significant but weak inverse relationships between the CI and lung volumes at rest and during exercise. Multivariable linear regression modeling evaluating predictors of VO2 demonstrated positive associations with the forced expiratory volume at one second and a negative association with the CI. We conclude that resting PFT patterns have poor correlation with the anatomic extent of the pectus defect, symptomatology or aerobic fitness. Pulmonary limitations on CPET are uncommon and lung volumes during exercise are only minimally associated with the CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hardie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam W Powell
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Todd M Jenkins
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Karla Foster
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin T Tretter
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert J Fleck
- Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Victor F Garcia
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebeccah L Brown
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Daemen JHT, Coorens NA, Hulsewé KWE, Maal TJJ, Maessen JG, Vissers YLJ, de Loos ER. Three-dimensional Surface Imaging for Clinical Decision Making in Pectus Excavatum. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 34:1364-1373. [PMID: 34380079 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate pectus excavatum, 3-dimensional surface imaging is a promising radiation-free alternative to computed tomography and plain radiographs. Given that 3-dimensional images concern the external surface, the conventional Haller index, and correction index are not applicable as these are based on internal diameters. Therefore, external equivalents have been introduced for 3-dimensional images. However, cut-off values to help determine surgical candidacy using external indices are lacking. A prospective cohort study was conducted. Consecutive patients referred for suspected pectus excavatum received a computed tomography (≥18 years) or plain radiographs (<18 years). The external Haller index and external correction index were calculated from additionally acquired 3-dimensional images. Cut-off values for the 3-dimensional image derived indices were obtained by receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses, using a conventional Haller index ≥3.25, and computed tomography derived correction index ≥28.0% as indicative for surgery. Sixty-one and 63 patients were included in the computed tomography and radiograph group, respectively. To determine potential surgical candidacy, receiver-operating characteristic analyses found an optimum cut-off of ≥1.83 for the external Haller index in both the computed tomography and radiograph group with a positive predictive value between 0.90 and 0.97 and a negative predictive value between 0.72 and 0.81. The optimal cut-off for the external correction index was ≥15.2% with a positive predictive value of 0.86 and negative predictive value of 0.93. The 3-dimensional image derived external Haller index and external correction index are accurate radiation-free alternatives to facilitate surgical decision-making among patients suspected of pectus excavatum with values of ≥1.83 and ≥15.2% indicative for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean H T Daemen
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nadine A Coorens
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Karel W E Hulsewé
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J J Maal
- 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jos G Maessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne L J Vissers
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik R de Loos
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
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Skrzypczak P, Kamiński M, Pawlak K, Piwkowki C. Seasonal interest in pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum: a retrospective analysis of Google Trends data. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:1036-1044. [PMID: 33717576 PMCID: PMC7947486 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Individuals affected by chest wall deformities may search for information on these conditions on the web. Google data may reflect the global interest in health-related information. Our aim was to investigate the global trends in searches associated with the topics “Pectus excavatum” and “Pectus carinatum” using Google Trends. Methods We retrieved the global data from 1st January 2004 to 31st October 2019. We analyzed the relative search volume (RSV) for countries or areas with a no-low search volume. We compared differences in interest between seasons using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the post-hoc test. Results The median RSV for the pectus excavatum was equal to 58.00 (54.00–65.00) while for pectus carinatum 28.00 (23.25–31.00). The interest in pectus excavatum decreases on average by 0.98 RSV each year, while interest in pectus carinatum increased each year by 0.87 RSV. We observed the highest interest in analyzed topics during summer and the lowest during winter. The relative difference in interest between summer and winter was equal to 21.4% for pectus excavatum and 19.2% for pectus carinatum. Pectus excavatum was the most popular topic in n=51 countries or areas, while pectus carinatum in n=7 countries or areas/regions. Conclusions Globally, interest in pectus excavatum is higher than the interest in pectus carinatum that might reflect real-world prevalence. The interest in both topics shows seasonal variation. The Internet is an essential source of information on chest wall deformities. The medical professionals should provide quality content on pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Skrzypczak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Krystian Pawlak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Cezary Piwkowki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Jawitz OK, Raman V, Thibault D, Yerokun B, Zwischenberger BA, Kosinski AS, Allen MS, Harpole DH. Complications after Ravitch versus Nuss repair of pectus excavatum: A Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) General Thoracic Surgery Database analysis. Surgery 2021; 169:1493-1499. [PMID: 33494946 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are conflicting reports in the literature comparing outcomes after open Ravitch and minimally invasive Nuss procedures for pectus excavatum repair, and there is relatively little data available comparing the outcomes of these procedures performed by thoracic surgeons. METHODS The 2010 to 2018 Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database was queried for patients age 12 or greater undergoing open or minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. Patients were stratified by operative approach. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with a composite outcome of 30-day complications. RESULTS A total of 1,767 patients met inclusion criteria, including 1,017 and 750 patients who underwent minimally invasive pectus repair and open repair, respectively. Open repair patients were more likely to be American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III or greater (24% vs 14%; P < .001), have a history of prior cardiothoracic surgery (26% vs 14%; P < .001), and require longer operations (median 268 vs 185 minutes; P < .001). Open repair patients were more likely to require greater than 6 days of hospitalization (18% vs 7%; P < .001), undergo transfusion (7% vs 2%; P < .001), and be readmitted (8% vs 5%; P = .004). After adjustment, open repair was not associated with an increased risk of a composite of postoperative complications (odds ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.67-1.46). This finding persisted after propensity score matching (odds ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 0.74-1.67). CONCLUSION Pectus excavatum repair procedure type was not associated with the risk of postoperative complications after adjustment. Further investigation is necessary to determine the impact of pectus excavatum repair type on recurrence and patient reported outcomes, including satisfaction, quality of life, and pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver K Jawitz
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
| | - Vignesh Raman
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Dylan Thibault
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Babatunde Yerokun
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Brittany A Zwischenberger
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Andrzej S Kosinski
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Mark S Allen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David H Harpole
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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30
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Olbrecht VA, Williams SE, O'Conor KT, Boehmer CO, Marchant GW, Glynn SM, Geisler KJ, Ding L, Yang G, King CD. Guided relaxation-based virtual reality versus distraction-based virtual reality or passive control for postoperative pain management in children and adolescents undergoing Nuss repair of pectus excavatum: protocol for a prospective, randomised, controlled trial (FOREVR Peds trial). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e040295. [PMID: 33380482 PMCID: PMC7780540 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Virtual reality (VR) offers an innovative method to deliver non-pharmacological pain management. Distraction-based VR (VR-D) using immersive games to redirect attention has shown short-term pain reductions in various settings. To create lasting pain reduction, VR-based strategies must go beyond distraction. Guided relaxation-based VR (VR-GR) integrates pain-relieving mind-body based guided relaxation with VR, a novel therapy delivery mechanism. The primary aim of this study is to assess the impact of daily VR-GR, VR-D and 360 video (passive control) on pain intensity. We will also assess the impact of these interventions on pain unpleasantness, anxiety and opioid and benzodiazepine consumption. The secondary aim of this study will assess the impact of psychological factors (anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophising) on pain following VR. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single centre, prospective, randomised, clinical trial. Ninety children/adolescents, aged 8-18 years, presenting for Nuss repair of pectus excavatum will be randomised to 1 of 3 study arms (VR-GR, VR-D and 360 video). Patients will use the Starlight Xperience (Google Daydream) VR suite for 10 min. Patients randomised to VR-GR (n=30) will engage in guided relaxation/mindfulness with the Aurora application. Patients randomised to VR-D (n=30) will play 1 of 3 distraction-based games, and those randomised to the 360 video (n=30) will watch the Aurora application without audio instructions or sound. Primary outcome is pain intensity. Secondary outcomes include pain unpleasantness, anxiety and opioid and benzodiazepine consumption. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study follows Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials guidelines. The protocol was approved by the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center's institutional review board. Patient recruitment began in July 2020. Written informed consent will be obtained for all participants. All information acquired will be disseminated via scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04351776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Olbrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sara E Williams
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith T O'Conor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chloe O Boehmer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gilbert W Marchant
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susan M Glynn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kristie J Geisler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lili Ding
- Divsion of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gang Yang
- Divsion of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christopher D King
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum by the Nuss procedure: The learning curve. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 163:828-837.e4. [PMID: 33478832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define the learning process of minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum by the Nuss procedure through assessment of consecutive procedural metrics. METHODS A single-center retrospective observational cohort study was conducted of all consecutive Nuss procedures performed by individual surgeons without previous experience between June 2006 and December 2018. Surgeons were proctored during their initial 10 procedures. The learning process after the proctoring period was evaluated using nonrisk-adjusted cumulative sum (ie, observed minus expected) failure charts of complications. An acceptable and unacceptable complication rate of 10% and 20% were used. Logarithmic trend lines were used to assess over-time performance regarding operation time. RESULTS Two-hundred twenty-two consecutive Nuss procedures by 3 general thoracic surgeons were evaluated. Cumulative sum charts showed an average performance from the first procedure after being proctored onward for all surgeons, whereas surgeon B demonstrated a statistically significant complication rate equal to or less than 10% after 59 cases. Post-hoc sensitivity analyses using a stricter acceptable and unacceptable complication rate of 6% and 12% also showed an average performance for all surgeons. Although, the median time between consecutive procedures ranged from 7 to 35 days, no frequency-outcome relationship was observed. In addition, surgeons required the same average operation time throughout their entire experience. CONCLUSIONS After a 10-procedure proctoring period, repair of pectus excavatum by the Nuss procedure is a safe procedure to adopt and perform without a typical (complication based) learning curve while performing at least 1 procedure per 35 days.
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Gurria JP, Simpson B, Tuncel-Kara S, Bates C, McKenna E, Rogers T, Kraemer A, Platt M, Mecoli M, Garcia VF, Brown RL. Standardization of clinical care pathway leads to sustained decreased length of stay following Nuss pectus repair: A multidisciplinary quality improvement initiative. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:2690-2698. [PMID: 32972738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Postoperatively, standardized clinical care pathways (SCCPs) help patients reach necessary milestones for discharge. The objective of this study was to achieve 90% compliance with a pectus specific SCCP within 9 months of implementation. We hypothesized that adherence to a pectus SCCP following the Nuss procedure would decrease postsurgical length of stay (LOS). METHODS A multidisciplinary team implemented the pectus SCCP, including goals for mobility, lung recruitment, pain control, intake, and output. The full protocol included 42 components, tracked using chart reviews and a patient-directed checklist. The primary process measure was compliance with the pectus SCCP. The primary outcome measure was LOS; secondary outcomes were patient charges, patient satisfaction, and hospital readmission. RESULTS Total study patients were n = 509: 159 patients pre-intervention, 350 patients post-intervention (80 implementation group; 270 sustain group). SCCP compliance data were collected on 164 patients post-intervention - 80 implementation, 84 sustain. LOS, ED visits, and hospital readmissions were recorded for all 509 patients. Mean LOS decreased from 4.5 days to 3.4 days, with >90% adherence to the pectus SCCP postintervention. There were no readmissions owing to pain despite earlier termination of epidural analgesia. Total patient charges decreased by 30% and patient satisfaction was high. CONCLUSION Using quality improvement methodology with strict adherence to a pectus SCCP, we had significant reduction in LOS and patient charge without compromising effective postoperative pain management or patient satisfaction. TYPE OF STUDY Clinical research; quality improvement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blair Simpson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Christina Bates
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Emily McKenna
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tracy Rogers
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Aimee Kraemer
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael Platt
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Marc Mecoli
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Victor F Garcia
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Yu P, Wang G, Zhang C, Liu H, Wang Y, Yu Z, Liu H. Clinical application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pectus excavatum patients following Nuss procedure. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:3035-3042. [PMID: 32642226 PMCID: PMC7330763 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Evaluate the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on postoperative recovery quality of pectus excavatum patients with Nuss procedure. Methods A retrospective study was performed on patients undergoing Nuss procedure from the Department of Thoracic Surgery of The Cancer Hospital of China Medical University between September 2016 and September 2019. Patients were divided into 2 groups by perioperative management: the traditional procedure group (T group) and the ERAS strategy group (E group). The outcome measures were postoperative drainage time, postoperative hospital time, and postoperative complications measured by the Clavien-Dindo method. Results Of the 168 patients from this time period, 148 met the inclusion criteria (75 in Group T and 73 in Group E). All operations involved in this study were completed successfully. There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups with respect to baseline demographics (P>0.05). In Group E, postoperative drainage time (2.53±0.72 vs. 3.45±2.07 days) and postoperative hospitalization time (4.96±1.48 vs. 7.71±7.78 days) were statistically significantly better than those in Group T (P<0.05). There was no difference in overall postoperative complications as measured by Clavien–Dindo score. Conclusions The measures of no indwelling urinary catheter (IDUC), laryngeal mask anesthesia, and indwelling tubule drainage can improve postoperative recovery quality of pectus excavatum patients following Nuss procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingwen Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Gebang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Chenlei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Hongxi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Zhanwu Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
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Zobel MJ, Ewbank C, Mora R, Idowu O, Kim S, Padilla BE. The incidence of neuropathic pain after intercostal cryoablation during the Nuss procedure. Pediatr Surg Int 2020; 36:317-324. [PMID: 31760443 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-019-04602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intercostal nerve cryoblation during the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum decreases pain, opiate requirement, and hospital length of stay (LOS) compared to thoracic epidural analgesia. However, long-term complications of cryoablation, including neuropathic pain development, are not well studied. METHODS We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective review of patients following intercostal nerve cryoablation during Nuss bar insertion (11/2015-7/2018). Patients completed the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs, a validated questionnaire for detecting neuropathic symptoms. Primary outcome was neuropathic pain development. Secondary outcomes included duration of chest numbness and LOS. T test was performed; p < 0.05 is significant. RESULTS 43 patients underwent intercostal cryoablation during the Nuss procedure. Ages at repair ranged 11-47 years (median 16). Patients were grouped by age: ≤ 21 years (30 patients) or older (13 patients). Mean LOS was shorter for the younger group, 2.0 versus 3.9 days (p = 0.03). No patients in the younger group, and three in the older, experienced neuropathic pain. Mean time to numbness resolution was shorter for the younger group, 3.4 versus 10.8 months (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION In pediatric patients, intercostal cryoablation provides effective analgesia following the Nuss procedure with minimal risk of post-operative neuropathic pain. Adult patients are at greater risk of experiencing neuropathic pain and prolonged numbness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zobel
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Fifth Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0570, USA
| | - Clifton Ewbank
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Fifth Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0570, USA
| | - Roberta Mora
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Fifth Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0570, USA
| | - Olajire Idowu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, 747 52nd Street, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, 747 52nd Street, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Benjamin E Padilla
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Fifth Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0570, USA.
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Fadayomi AB, Adhanom A, Amelin P, Angaramo GG. Continuous bilateral erector spinae plane analgesic block for an adolescent with Nuss repair of pectus excavatum. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2019.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Cheng YL, Lee FJ, Lo PC, Wu MY, Hsieh MS. Modified bilateral thoracoscopy-assisted Nuss procedure for repair of pectus excavatum after previous thoracic procedure. FORMOSAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/fjs.fjs_9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Yang MC, Lan CC, Wu YK, Hsieh MS, Wei BC, Cheng YL. Improvement in Polysomnographic Objective Sleep Quality in Adults with Pectus Excavatum After the Nuss Procedure. World J Surg 2019; 44:1316-1322. [PMID: 31834454 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-019-05311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pectus excavatum have a poorer subjective sleep quality and quality of life than the general population. The Nuss procedure has been shown to improve these patients' quality of life, but data regarding their postoperative sleep quality are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the objective sleep quality of adults with pectus excavatum before and after the Nuss procedure. METHODS Twenty-eight participants completed this study. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores for daytime sleepiness, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores for subjective sleep quality, and overnight polysomnography for objective sleep quality were evaluated before and 6 months after the Nuss procedure. RESULTS Subjective sleep quality improved after the Nuss procedure. The median PSQI score decreased from 7 [interquartile range (IQR): 5; 9] to 5 (IQR: 4; 7, p = 0.029); the median percentage of poor PSQI sleep quality decreased from 64.3 to 35.7% (p = 0.048). The median percentage of rapid eye movement sleep significantly increased after surgery [15.6% (IQR: 12.2%; 19.8%) vs. 20.4% (IQR: 14.5%; 24.9%), p = 0.016]. Sleep interruptions also improved, with the median arousal index decreasing from 9.5 (IQR: 4.8; 18.2) to 8.2 (IQR: 4.3; 12.1; p = 0.045). However, there was no significant change in ESS scores after surgery (p = 0.955). CONCLUSIONS Pectus excavatum may be associated with poor subjective and objective sleep quality in adults, and the condition may improve after the Nuss procedure. For adults with pectus excavatum who report poor subjective sleep quality, polysomnography should be considered to assess their preoperative and postoperative sleep condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Chin Lan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Kuang Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shiau Hsieh
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist., New Taipei, 23143, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Chun Wei
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist., New Taipei, 23143, Taiwan
| | - Yeung-Leung Cheng
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist., New Taipei, 23143, Taiwan.
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Graves CE, Moyer J, Zobel MJ, Mora R, Smith D, O'Day M, Padilla BE. Intraoperative intercostal nerve cryoablation During the Nuss procedure reduces length of stay and opioid requirement: A randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:2250-2256. [PMID: 30935731 PMCID: PMC6920013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Minimally-invasive repair of pectus excavatum by the Nuss procedure is associated with significant postoperative pain, prolonged hospital stay, and high opiate requirement. We hypothesized that intercostal nerve cryoablation during the Nuss procedure reduces hospital length of stay (LOS) compared to thoracic epidural analgesia. DESIGN This randomized clinical trial evaluated 20 consecutive patients undergoing the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum between May 2016 and March 2018. Patients were randomized evenly via closed-envelope method to receive either cryoanalgesia or thoracic epidural analgesia. Patients and physicians were blinded to study arm until immediately preoperatively. SETTING Single institution, UCSF-Benioff Children's Hospital. PARTICIPANTS 20 consecutive patients were recruited from those scheduled for the Nuss procedure. Exclusion criteria were age < 13 years, chest wall anomaly other than pectus excavatum, previous repair or other thoracic surgery, and chronic use of pain medications. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome was postoperative LOS. Secondary outcomes included total operative time, total/daily opioid requirement, inpatient/outpatient pain score, and complications. Primary outcome data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test for nonparametric continuous variables. Other continuous variables were analyzed by two-tailed t-test, while categorical data were compared via Chi-squared test, with alpha = 0.05 for significance. RESULTS 20 patients were randomized to receive either cryoablation (n = 10) or thoracic epidural (n = 10). Mean operating room time was 46.5 min longer in the cryoanalgesia group (p = 0.0001). Median LOS decreased by 2 days in patients undergoing cryoablation, to 3 days from 5 days (Mann-Whitney U, p = 0.0001). Cryoablation patients required significantly less inpatient opioid analgesia with a mean decrease of 416 mg oral morphine equivalent per patient (p = 0.0001), requiring 52%-82% fewer milligrams on postoperative days 1-3 (p < 0.01 each day). There was no difference in mean pain score between the groups at any point postoperatively, up to one year, and no increased incidence of neuropathic pain in the cryoablation group. No complications were noted in the cryoablation group; among patients with epidurals, one patient experienced a symptomatic pneumothorax and another had urinary retention. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Intercostal nerve cryoablation during the Nuss procedure decreases hospital length of stay and opiate requirement versus thoracic epidural analgesia, while offering equivalent pain control. TYPE OF STUDY Treatment study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin E. Padilla
- Corresponding author at: University of California, San Francisco Department of Surgery Division of Pediatric Surgery 550 16th St, Fifth Floor San Francisco, CA 94158-0570 United States. (B.E. Padilla)
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Zuidema WP, Oosterhuis JWA, Zijp GW, van Baren R, de Lange-de Klerk ESM, van der Heide SM, van der Steeg AFW, van Heurn LWE. Sports activity in adolescents in the Netherlands with a pectus excavatum; the impact of surgery. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1671-1674. [PMID: 30563704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common chest wall deformity in adolescents. The main complaint is cosmetic, but many patients also complain about exertional dyspnea. This may lead to the patient seeking surgery of the thoracic wall deformity (TWD). The assumption is that both, appearance and physical complaints will have a negative effect on being able or wanting to engage in sport activity. METHODS In December 2011 a prospective registration of sport activity in pectus excavatum patients started. Sport activity was assessed using questionnaires (CHQ, SF-36 and PEEQ). Measurements were taken before corrective surgery (preoperatively) and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS 127 patients have been included. The number of patients who were active in sports preoperatively and after 12 months remained steady. The type of sport activity, individual sport or team sport showed no significant change. The CHQ showed that physical activity caused fewer complaints (p < 0.001). The PEEQ showed a decrease in difficulties with sports activity performance after 12 months (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Twelve months after surgical correction of PE there was no significant increase in the number of patients performing sport activities. However there was a significant decrease of complaints or difficulties during sport compared to preoperatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietse P Zuidema
- Pediatric Surgical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan W A Oosterhuis
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda W Zijp
- Pediatric Surgery, Juliana Children's Hospital/Haga-Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Robertine van Baren
- Department of Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan M van der Heide
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alida F W van der Steeg
- Pediatric Surgical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic disease (CoRPS) Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W E van Heurn
- Pediatric Surgical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Blocks for Adult Pectus Excavatum Repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 108:e19-e20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Chest wall disorders represent deformities and/or injuries that alter the rib cage geometry and result in pulmonary restriction, increased work of breathing, exercise limitations, and cosmotic concerns. These disorders are congenital or acquired and affect all ages. Disorders affecting the spine (kyphoscoliosis, ankylosing spondylitis), ribs (flail chest), and sternum (pectus excavatum) are discussed in this article, with emphasis on clinical presentations, pulmonary function abnormalities, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen O Al-Qadi
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, 20 York Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Eisinger RS, Harris T, Rajderkar DA, Islam S. Against the Overgrowth Hypothesis: Shorter Costal Cartilage Lengths in Pectus Excavatum. J Surg Res 2019; 235:93-97. [PMID: 30691856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectus excavatum is a common chest wall deformity with no known cause. A common hypothesis is that in patients with pectus excavatum, there is an overgrowth of costal cartilage relative to healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained radiological curvilinear three-dimensional measurements of the fourth to eighth costal cartilage and associated ribs in 16 patients with pectus excavatum and 16 age- and gender-matched controls between the ages of 6 and 32 y. An analysis of variance was used to compare bone length, cartilage length, and their ratios between patients and controls. RESULTS Relative to bone length, patients with pectus excavatum overall had shorter costal cartilage lengths (P < 0.001), especially on the left side (P < 0.05). We were unable to localize this observation to specific ribs during post hoc analysis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to empirically test the overgrowth hypothesis of pectus excavatum for ribs 4 through 8. Although we and others have found no evidence to support this hypothesis, we surprisingly found the alternate hypothesis to be true: patients with pectus excavatum tend to have shorter costal cartilages. Future studies should expand on these results with larger sample sizes and consider volumetric measurements longitudinally during thoracic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Eisinger
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Travis Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dhanashree A Rajderkar
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Saleem Islam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
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Sesia SB, Heitzelmann M, Schaedelin S, Magerkurth O, Kocher GJ, Schmid RA, Haecker FM. Standardized Haller and Asymmetry Index Combined for a More Accurate Assessment of Pectus Excavatum. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 107:271-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Salama AY, Arisha MJ, Nanda NC, Klas B, Ibeche B, Wei B. Incremental value of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography over the two-dimensional modality in the assessment of right heart compression and dysfunction produced by pectus excavatum. Echocardiography 2018; 36:150-163. [PMID: 30592784 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The usefulness of two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE) in the assessment of right heart compression and dysfunction produced by pectus excavatum chest wall deformity has been well described in the literature by several investigators. However, there is a paucity of reports describing incremental value of live/real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) over the two-dimensional technique in the evaluation of right heart function in these patients. We present a severe case of pectus excavatum chest wall deformity in a young male, in whom 3DTTE provided incremental value over standard 2DTTE in assessing compression of the right heart before surgery and marked improvement in right heart function parameters following surgical repair. In addition, an updated summary of salient features of this deformity, including 2D and 3DTTE findings as well as right heart echocardiographic parameters by both 2D and 3DTTE in normal/healthy subjects summarized from the literature have been provided in a tabular form for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y Salama
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammed J Arisha
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Navin C Nanda
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Bashar Ibeche
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Benjamin Wei
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Takanari K, Toriyama K, Kambe M, Nakamura Y, Uchibori T, Ebisawa K, Shirota C, Tainaka T, Uchida H, Kamei Y. Nuss procedure for patients with pectus excavatum with a history of intrathoracic surgery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018; 72:1025-1029. [PMID: 30638895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of the Nuss procedure for patients with pectus excavatum (PE) with a history of intrathoracic surgery. PATIENTS From April 2010 to December 2013, we performed 6 cases of PE repair in patients with a history of intrathoracic surgery. The causes of previous operations were congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in 4 patients and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 2. The patients' median age was 5 years (range, 4-9 years) and median preoperative pectus severity index was 4.63 (range, 3.42-10.03). Their intraoperative and postoperative courses were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The mean overall operation time was 127.5 ± 17.0 minutes, and the mean operation time for endoscopic pneumolysis was 28.8 ± 12.3 minutes. Intraoperative exploration for pleural adhesion revealed that the endoscopic approach in the previous operation was associated with low pleural adhesion, and the open thoracotomy or laparotomy approach was associated with low to high pleural adhesion. One patient developed a pneumothorax on the first postoperative day. All the other patients had uneventful postoperative courses. All the patients received bar removal 2-3 years after bar insertion. One patient developed atelectasis after bar removal. All the other patients had an uneventful postoperative course. The mean postoperative follow-up time after bar removal was 20.1 ± 14.7 months. CONCLUSIONS History of intrathoracic surgery seems not a contraindication for the Nuss procedure. However, perioperative complications should be carefully monitored in both the bar insertion and removal operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Takanari
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8560, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Toriyama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nagoya City University Hospital, Japan
| | - Miki Kambe
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8560, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8560, Japan
| | - Takafumi Uchibori
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8560, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ebisawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8560, Japan
| | - Chiyoe Shirota
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahisa Tainaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroo Uchida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kamei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8560, Japan
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Wang H, Wang FH, Liang JH, Liu W, Yang JZ, Guo XH, Si WY, Xia HM. Pectus excavatum and congenital cystic lung lesion: simultaneous surgery advocated. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:6230-6237. [PMID: 30622795 PMCID: PMC6297436 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.10.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe pectus excavatum (PE) may be concomitant with congenital cystic lung lesions (CCLLs) that also require surgery. It is ideal to correct these two deformities concurrently, but the safety and efficacy of a simultaneous surgical technique remain unknown. METHODS Between 2007 and 2017, 635 patients with severe PE were admitted at our medical center. Eight patients underwent minimally invasive repair of PE and lobectomy simultaneously. The patient characteristics and operative data were analyzed and compared with another group of patients who underwent lobectomy alone for contemporaneous CCLLs. RESULTS The severity of PE (mean Haller index 5.70) and CCLLs were confirmed by computed tomography (CT). Simultaneous minimally invasive repair and lobectomy were performed successfully. There were no significant differences in the mean blood loss (14 mL/kg), the mean weaning time from mechanical ventilation (900 minutes) and the mean hospital stay (16 days) (P>0.05). The mean operative time (170 minutes) was extended, as expected (P=0.02). With a mean follow-up of 22 months, the overall cosmetic results were good. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous minimally invasive repair and lobectomy appears to be a technically safe and reliable method for the treatment of concurrent PE and CCLLs, although further studies are needed in the long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Feng-Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Jing-Zhou Yang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Yue Si
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Hui-Min Xia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Pulmonary function in children with Pectus excavatum and post-operative changes after nuss procedure. Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:1099-1103. [PMID: 30084024 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to show the difference between the pulmonary function of children with mild or severe types of pectus excavatum (PE) and post-operative changes in their predicted vital capacity (%VC) following Nuss procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-four of the 208 children who underwent Nuss procedure for PE between January 2007 and March 2016 were deemed eligible for this study and evaluated retrospectively. A spirometry was performed on these children on four occasions: before operation; pre-bar removal; and 1 month and 1 year after bar removal. Ninety-seven of the children who were more than 7 years of age were divided using the Haller Index (HI) into a mild group (n = 54) and a severe group (n = 43) and compared. The children were also divided into three groups based on their age and their %VC was compared at each follow-up occasion. RESULTS The severe group showed a significantly lower %VC and peak expiratory flow rate than the mild group. %VC change after bar removal showed significantly lower in group aged 11 or over. 43 of the children had spirometry data recorded 1 year after bar removal which, compared with 1 month after bar removal, showed a significant higher %VC in groups aged of 10 or under. CONCLUSION Nuss procedure in children aged of 10 or under proved to be an advantage in the post-operative pulmonary function.
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Manworren RC, Anderson MN, Girard ED, Ruscher KA, Verissimo AM, Palac H, Weiss R, Rader C, Hight D. Postoperative Pain Outcomes After Nuss Procedures: Comparison of Epidural Analgesia, Continuous Infusion of Local Anesthetic, and Preoperative Self-Hypnosis Training. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018; 28:1234-1242. [DOI: 10.1089/lap.2017.0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renee C.B. Manworren
- Department of Nursing, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew N. Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eric D. Girard
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kimberly A. Ruscher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sacred Heart at Riverbend, Springfield, Oregon
| | - Ana Maria Verissimo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Hannah Palac
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Collaboration Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Behavorial Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Christine Rader
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Donald Hight
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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Obermeyer RJ, Cohen NS, Gaffar S, Kelly RE, Kuhn MA, Frantz FW, McGuire MM, Paulson JF. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for Nuss bar infections: A single center study. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:1226-1229. [PMID: 29627175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Our previously published data suggested several risk factors for infection after the Nuss procedure. We aimed to further elucidate these findings. METHODS An IRB-approved (14-03-WC-0034), single institution, retrospective review was performed to evaluate the incidence of postoperative Nuss bar infections associated with seven variables. These were subjected to bivariate and multivariable analyses. A broad definition of infection was used including cellulitis, superficial infection with drainage, or deep infection occurring at any time postoperatively. RESULTS Over 7years (4/1/2009-7/31/2016), 25 (3.2%) of 781 patients developed a postoperative infection after primary Nuss repair. Multivariable analyses demonstrated an increased risk of infection with perioperative clindamycin versus cefazolin for all infections (AOR 3.72, p=.017), and specifically deep infections (AOR 5.72, p=.004). The risk of a superficial infection was increased when antibiotic infusion completed >60min prior to incision (AOR 10.4, p=.044) and with the use of peri-incisional subcutaneous catheters (OR 8.98, p=.008). CONCLUSION Following primary Nuss repair, the rate of deep bar infection increased with the use of perioperative clindamycin rather than cefazolin. The rate of superficial infection increased when perioperative antibiotic infusion was completed more than 60min prior to incision and with the use of peri-incisional subcutaneous catheters. Further studies are needed to better understand these findings. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective chart review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III treatment study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Obermeyer
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA.
| | | | | | - Robert E Kelly
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - M Ann Kuhn
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Frazier W Frantz
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Margaret M McGuire
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - James F Paulson
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
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Obermeyer RJ, Cohen NS, Kelly RE, Ann Kuhn M, Frantz FW, McGuire MM, Paulson JF. Nonoperative management of pectus excavatum with vacuum bell therapy: A single center study. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:1221-1225. [PMID: 29606411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine variables predictive of an excellent correction using vacuum bell therapy for nonoperative treatment of pectus excavatum. METHODS A single institution, retrospective evaluation (IRB 15-01-WC-0024) of variables associated with an excellent outcome in pectus excavatum patients treated with vacuum bell therapy was performed. An excellent correction was defined as a chest wall depth equal to the mean depth of a reference group of 30 male children without pectus excavatum. RESULTS Over 4years (11/2012-11/2016) there were 180 patients enrolled with 115 available for analysis in the treatment group. The reference group had a mean chest wall depth of 0.51cm. An excellent correction (depth≤0.51cm) was achieved in 23 (20%) patients. Patient characteristics predictive of an excellent outcome included initial age≤11years (OR=3.3,p=.013), initial chest wall depth≤1.5cm (OR=4.6,p=.003), and chest wall flexibility (OR=14.8,p<.001). Patients that used the vacuum bell over 12 consecutive months were more likely to achieve an excellent correction (OR=3.1,p=.030). Follow-up was 4months to 4years (median 12months). CONCLUSION Nonoperative management of pectus excavatum with vacuum bell therapy results in an excellent correction in a small percentage of patients. Variables predictive of an excellent outcome include age≤11years, chest wall depth≤1.5cm, chest wall flexibility, and vacuum bell use over 12 consecutive months. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective chart review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III treatment study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Obermeyer
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Nina S Cohen
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Robert E Kelly
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - M Ann Kuhn
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Frazier W Frantz
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Margaret M McGuire
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - James F Paulson
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA; Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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