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Baig MMFA, Lai WF, Mikrani R, Jabeen M, Naveed M, Abbas M, Farooq MA, Ahsan A, Kassim SA, Khan GJ, Ansari MT. Synthetic NRG-1 functionalized DNA nanospindels towards HER2/neu targets for in vitro anti-cancer activity assessment against breast cancer MCF-7 cells. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 182:113133. [PMID: 32004770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA based nano-carriers synthesized from short circular scaffolds (circular DNA nanotechnology) attains stiffer topology for ligand functionalization (neuregulin-1/NRG-1 ligand) and biological applications (targeted drug delivery). Daunorubicin (DR) is a hydrophobic chemical that requires robust vectors to efficiently encapsulate and avoid its free dispersion in water, biological media and cell culture. Here we design DNA nanospindels (DNA-NS) to efficiently load DR and target the (highly expressed) HER2/neu receptors on the plasma membrane of drug-resistant MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells. DNA-NS were synthesized by polymerizing the DNA-triangles (utilizing 84-nt short circular scaffold strand) into larger DNA nano-ribbons characterized by the native-PAGE testing. AFM results revealed the spinning of DNA nanoribbons on its (own) axis because of the intrinsic curvature of the DNA double helix resulting in the formation of the firm and twisted DNA-NS with the diameter (50-70 nm) and length (0.5-4 μm). DA loading onto DNA-NS was confirmed by the UV shift analysis. The MTT results with the blank DNA-NS evidenced its biocompatibility (remained value of 93%) compared to the decreased viability of the MCF-7 cells after treatment with DNA-NS (DR loaded). These findings were further supported by the analysis of cell proliferation/apoptosis through flow cytometry showing 64% apoptosis after treating with the DR loaded DNA-NS. Hence, through the short circular DNA nanotechnology, we have achieved a stiffer, uniform, and biocompatible DNA-NS for applications in the targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Reyaj Mikrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Basic medicine, and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Mehreen Jabeen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Muhammad Asim Farooq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Basic medicine, and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Anam Ahsan
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, PR China
| | - Said Abasse Kassim
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ghulam Jilany Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54570, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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Increased coronary arteriolar contraction to serotonin in juvenile pigs with metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:57-64. [PMID: 31352610 PMCID: PMC6790190 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with alterations in coronary vascular smooth muscle and endothelial function. The current study examined the contractile response of the isolated coronary arterioles to serotonin in pigs with and without MetS and investigated the signaling pathways responsible for serotonin-induced vasomotor tone. The MetS pigs (8-weeks old) were fed with a hyper-caloric, fat/cholesterol diet and the control animals (lean) were fed with a regular diet for 12 weeks (n = 6/group). The coronary arterioles (90–180 μm in diameter) were dissected from the harvested pig myocardial tissues and the in vitro coronary arteriolar response to serotonin was measured in the presence of pharmacological inhibitors. The protein expressions of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), TXA2 synthase, and the thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptor in the pigs’ left ventricular tissue samples were measured using Western blotting. Serotonin (10−9–10−5 M) induced dose-dependent contractions of coronary-resistant arterioles in both non-MetS control (lean) and MetS pigs. This effect was more pronounced in the MetS vessels compared with those of non-MetS controls (lean, P < 0.05]. Serotonin-induced contraction of the MetS vessels was significantly inhibited in the presence of the selective PLA2 inhibitor quinacrine (10−6 M), the COX inhibitor indomethacin (10−5 M), and the TP receptor antagonist SQ29548 (10−6 M), respectively (P < 0.05). MetS exhibited significant increases in tissue levels of TXA2 synthase and TP receptors (P < 0.05 vs. lean), respectively. MetS is associated with increased contractile response of porcine coronary arterioles to serotonin, which is in part via upregulation/activation of PLA2, COX, and subsequent TXA2, suggesting that alteration of vasomotor function may occur at an early stage of MetS and juvenile obesity.
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Effect of Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs on Pig Muscle Growth and Fat Deposition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2951427. [PMID: 31341893 PMCID: PMC6614983 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2951427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Muscle growth and fat deposition are the two important biological processes in the development of pigs which are closely related to the pig production performance. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs), with lack of coding potential and the length of at least 200nt, have been extensively studied to play important roles in many biological processes. However, the importance and molecular regulation mechanism of lincRNAs in the process of muscle growth and fat deposition in pigs are still to be further studied comprehensively. In our study, we used the data, including liver, abdominal fat, and longissimus dorsi muscle of 240 days' age of two F2 full-sib female individuals from the white Duroc and Erhualian crossbreed, to identify 581 putative lincRNAs associated with pig muscle growth and fat deposition. The 581 putative lincRNAs shared many common features with other mammalian lincRNAs, such as fewer exons, lower expression levels, and shorter transcript lengths. Cross-tissue comparisons showed that many transcripts were tissue-specific and were involved in the important biological processes in their corresponding tissues. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that many potential target genes (PTGs) of putative lincRNAs were involved in pig muscle growth and fat deposition-related processes, including muscle cell proliferation, lipid metabolism, and fatty acid degradation. In Quantitative Trait Locus (QTLs) analysis, some PTGs were screened from putative lincRNAs, MRPL12 is associated with muscle growth, GCGR and SLC25A10 were associated with fat deposition, and PPP3CA, DPYD, and FGGY were related not only to muscle growth but also to fat deposition. Therefore, it implied that these lincRNAs might participate in the biological processes related to muscle growth or fat deposition through homeostatic regulation of PTGs, but the detailed molecular regulatory mechanisms still needed to be further explored. This study lays the molecular foundation for the in-depth study of the role of lincRNAs in the pig muscle growth and fat deposition and further provides the new molecular markers for understanding the complex biological mechanisms of pig muscle growth and fat deposition.
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Khand A, Patel B, Palmer N, Jones J, Andron M, Perry R, Mehrotra S, Mitsudo K. Retrograde Wiring of Collateral Channels of the Heart in Chronic Total Occlusions. Angiology 2015; 66:925-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319715573902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on retrograde wiring in chronic total occlusions (CTOs) with focus on its safety and feasibility. Methods and Results: We searched publications from 1990 to December 2013 in PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database inserting a number of terms relating to the collateral circulation of the heart in CTOs. A total of 18 case series (n range17-462) with a total of 2280 CTO revascularization attempts fulfilled criteria for a study of retrograde wiring of collateral channels in CTOs. There were no randomized studies comparing a primary antegrade with a primary retrograde approach. Procedural CTO revascularization rates ranged from 67% to 90.6% with a large proportion having previously failed an “antegrade” approach. The septal perforator collaterals and epicardial channels were used in 73.2% (n = 1670) and 21.7% (n = 495) of cases. Although collateral/coronary perforation was not infrequent (n = 90, 5%), serious acute complications were uncommon; in the combined population 18 cases of cardiac tamponade (0.8%) and 3 deaths (0.1%). Septal perforating wiring (79.3%) was significantly more likely to be successful compared to epicardial coronary artery wiring (72.5%) when chosen by the operator as a route of retrograde access to the CTO body (relative risk 1.11 [95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.20; P = .013]). Conclusion: Successful retrograde wiring of collateral channels in selected patients undertaken by “CTO dedicated” operators can significantly enhance the chances of revascularization of complex CTOs with a low risk of acute serious complications. Septal perforator channels are significantly more likely to be successfully retrogradely wired compared to epicardial vessels when either is selected, by reference to their anatomical suitability by the operator, as a route of access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Khand
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Aintree NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- School of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bilal Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Palmer
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Jones
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Aintree NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Andron
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Raph Perry
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Mehrotra
- Department of Cardiology, Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Kazuaki Mitsudo
- Department of Cardiology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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Khand A, Fisher M, Jones J, Patel B, Perry R, Mitsudo K. The collateral circulation of the heart in coronary total arterial occlusions in man: systematic review of assessment and pathophysiology. Am Heart J 2013; 166:941-52. [PMID: 24268207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatomical and functional assessment of the collateral circulation of the heart in total arterial occlusions is challenging, and this is particularly true of the microcirculation. The pathophysiology of the collateral circulation has historically been and remains of considerable research focus but with diverging and sometimes conflicting results. Our purpose was to conduct a systematic review on the assessment and pathophysiology of the collateral circulation of the heart in total coronary arterial occlusions. METHODS We extracted data from Pubmed, Ovid, EMBASE, and Cochrane database from 1966 to December 2012. Two investigators independently reviewed the identified articles for eligibility and extracted the data. RESULTS Seventy-seven studies met inclusion criterion. An invasive assessment of the collateral circulation with pressure and/or Doppler wires is the gold standard in the assessment of collateral physiology and anatomy, although this can only be undertaken after successful passage of the sensor in the true lumen of the occluded vessel. A collateral circulation can provide resting metabolic requirements for the heart but invariably cannot meet demands on stress irrespective of the degree of collateralization as assessed by coronary angiography. In the case of myocardium subtending a totally occluded epicardial artery coronary collateral grading systems or physiological assessment of collateral flow is only moderately sensitive and poorly specific at predicting viability. Regression of collaterals seems more profound in totally occluded arteries versus nonoccluded lesions postrevascularization. CONCLUSIONS Key controversies in the assessment and pathophysiology of the collateral circulation of the heart in total coronary arterial occlusions are systematically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Khand
- University Hospital Aintree NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Elmadhun NY, Sabe AA, Robich MP, Chu LM, Lassaletta AD, Sellke FW. The pig as a valuable model for testing the effect of resveratrol to prevent cardiovascular disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1290:130-5. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nassrene Y. Elmadhun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Cardiovascular Research Center; Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Ashraf A. Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Cardiovascular Research Center; Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Michael P. Robich
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Cardiovascular Research Center; Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Louis M. Chu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Cardiovascular Research Center; Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Antonio D. Lassaletta
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Cardiovascular Research Center; Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Cardiovascular Research Center; Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
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Giordano C, Kuraitis D, Beanlands RSB, Suuronen EJ, Ruel M. Cell-based vasculogenic studies in preclinical models of chronic myocardial ischaemia and hibernation. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 13:411-28. [PMID: 23256710 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.748739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary artery disease commonly leads to myocardial ischaemia and hibernation. Relevant preclinical models of these conditions are essential to evaluate new therapeutic options such as cell-based vasculogenic therapies. AREAS COVERED In this article, the authors first review basic concepts of myocardial ischaemia/hibernation and relevant techniques to assess myocardial viability. Then, preclinical models of chronic myocardial ischaemia and hibernation, induced by devices such as ameroid constrictors, Delrin stenosis, hydraulic occluders, and coils/stents are described. Lastly, the authors discuss cell-based vasculogenic therapy, and summarise studies conducted in large animal models of chronic myocardial ischaemia and hibernation. EXPERT OPINION Approximately one-third of patients with viable myocardium do not undergo revascularisation; however, this population is at high risk for cardiac events and would surely benefit from effective cell-based therapy. Because of the modest benefits in clinical studies, preclinical models accurately representing clinical myocardial ischemia/hibernation are necessary to better understand and appropriately direct regenerative therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Giordano
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Surgery, 40 Ruskin Street, Suite 3403, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
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Robich MP, Chu LM, Burgess TA, Feng J, Han Y, Nezafat R, Leber MP, Laham RJ, Manning WJ, Sellke FW. Resveratrol preserves myocardial function and perfusion in remote nonischemic myocardium in a swine model of metabolic syndrome. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 215:681-9. [PMID: 22867714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.06.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol has been shown to reverse some of the detrimental effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We sought to define the impact of supplemental resveratrol on normal myocardium remote from an ischemic territory in a swine model of MetS and chronic myocardial ischemia. STUDY DESIGN Yorkshire swine were fed a normal diet (control), a high cholesterol diet (HCD), or a high cholesterol diet with orally supplemented resveratrol (HCD-R; 100 mg/kg/day). Four weeks after diet modification, myocardial ischemia was induced by ameroid constrictor placement. Seven weeks later, myocardial tissue from a territory remote from the ischemia was harvested. Animals in the HCD and HCD-R groups underwent functional cardiac MRI before ischemia and before sacrifice. Tissue was harvested for protein expression analysis. RESULTS After 7 weeks of ischemia, regional left ventricular systolic function was significantly increased in HCD-R as compared with HCD animals. During ventricular pacing the HCD group had significantly decreased flow (p = 0.03); perfusion in the HCD-R was preserved as compared with the control. There was no difference in microvascular relaxation. Expression of metabolic proteins Sirt-1 (p = 0.002), AMPkinase (p = 0.02), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (p = 0.002) were upregulated in the HCD-R group. Levels of protein oxidative stress were significantly increased in the HCD and HCD-R groups, as compared with the controls (p = 0.003). Activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was increased in the HCD-R group (p = 0.01). There was no difference in myocardial endothelial cell density between the groups; however, dividing endothelial cells were decreased in the HCD and HCD-R groups (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol supplementation improves regional left ventricular function and preserves perfusion to myocardium remote from an area of ischemia in an animal model of metabolic syndrome and chronic myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Robich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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