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Hawley AL, Baum JI. Nutrition as the foundation for successful aging: a focus on dietary protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:389-406. [PMID: 37319363 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a critical role throughout the aging process. People living with sarcopenia, a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, often experience diminished quality of life, which can be attributed to a long period of decline and disability. Therefore, it is important to identify modifiable factors that preserve skeletal muscle and promote successful aging (SA). In this review, SA was defined as (1) low cardiometabolic risk, (2) preservation of physical function, and (3) positive state of wellbeing, with nutrition as an integral component. Several studies identify nutrition, specifically high-quality protein (eg, containing all essential amino acids), and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as positive regulators of SA. Recently, an additive anabolic effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs has been identified in skeletal muscle of older adults. Evidence further suggests that the additive effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs may project beyond skeletal muscle anabolism and promote SA. The key mechanism(s) behind the enhanced effects of intake of protein and n-3 PUFAs needs to be defined. The first objective of this review is to evaluate skeletal muscle as a driver of cardiometabolic health, physical function, and wellbeing to promote SA. The second objective is to examine observational and interventional evidence of protein and n-3 PUFAs on skeletal muscle to promote SA. The final objective is to propose mechanisms by which combined optimal intake of high-quality protein and n-3 PUFAs likely play a key role in SA. Current evidence suggests that increased intake of protein above the Recommended Dietary Allowance and n-3 PUFAs above the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations for late middle-aged and older adults is required to maintain skeletal muscle mass and to promote SA, potentially through the mechanistical target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubree L Hawley
- School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jamie I Baum
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Bahat G, Bozkurt ME, Ozkok S, Kilic C, Karan MA. The longitudinal associations of sarcopenia definitions with functional deterioration: a comparative study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2089-2099. [PMID: 37486546 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probable sarcopenia is a predictor of functional limitation in older adults. However, whether standard thresholds recommended by guides, or population-specific thresholds better predict impairment in functionality is an issue that needs to be enlightened. We aimed to study the associations of probable sarcopenia identified by the use of EWGSOP2 and population-specific thresholds with deterioration in functionality at follow-up and give prevalences of probable sarcopenia with different thresholds in older outpatients admitted to a tertiary health center. METHODS In this retrospective, longitudinal follow-up study, we assessed handgrip strength (HGS) at the admission with a Jamar hand-dynamometer and diagnosed probable sarcopenia with standard and population-specific thresholds, i.e., 27 kg/16 kg, and 35 kg/20 kg in males/females, respectively. We evaluated activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL), with Katz and Lawton scales, at the admission and follow-up. To study whether probable sarcopenia was a predictor of impaired functionality, we defined two models for Cox regression analysis. We performed adjustments for age, sex, and nutritional status (assessed by Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form) in Model 1 and defined Model 2 by adding low gait speed and frailty to the variables in Model 1. RESULTS Among a total of 1970 patients, 195 had follow-up of median 560 days. The mean age was 75.5 ± 5.5, and 142 (72.8%) were female. In the basal evaluation, the prevalences of probable sarcopenia defined by the standard cut-offs and by population-specific cut-offs were 8.7% and 35.4%, respectively. In univariate analyses (Kaplan-Meier log-rank test), probable sarcopenia by population-specific cut-offs, but not EWGSOP2-cut-offs, was associated with deteriorations in both ADL (p = 0.04) and IADL (p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, only the probable sarcopenia identified by population-specific cut-offs was independently associated with impairment in IADL in both models [HR (95%CI) = 1.88 (1.07-3.30), and 1.9 (1.04-3.6); for Model 1 and Model 2, respectively)]. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the definition of probable sarcopenia identified by not standard, but population-specific thresholds more reliably predicted longitudinal deterioration of functionality in older outpatients. This finding might be considered as evidence supporting the use of population-specific cut-offs when the concern is sarcopenia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Bahat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Meris Esra Bozkurt
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Ozkok
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Kilic
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Karan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhou W, Xie Y, Yu L, Yu C, Bao H, Cheng X. Positive association between weight-adjusted-waist index and dementia in the Chinese population with hypertension: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:519. [PMID: 37468882 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The links between obesity and dementia remain equivocal. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), a new anthropometric indicator reflecting obesity, and dementia in the Chinese population with hypertension. METHODS A total of 10,289 participants with hypertension were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, a subset of the China H-type hypertension registry study. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (WC) divided by the square root of bodyweight. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale was performed to evaluate the cognitive function. According to educational background, different MMSE cut-off values were applied to define dementia: < 24 for participants with ≥ 7 years of education, < 20 for those with 1-6 years of education, and < 17 for illiterate participants. Multivariable linear regression and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between WWI and MMSE and dementia, respectively. RESULTS Overall, the mean age was 63.7 ± 9.7 years, and 49.0% were males. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that WWI was negatively associated with MMSE (β, -1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.24, -0.94). Consistently, multivariable binary logistic regression analyses found a positive association between WWI and the risk of dementia (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.56). Compared with individuals in quartile 1 of WWI, the adjusted β and OR values of WWI for MMSE and dementia were -2.28 (95% CI: -2.62, -1.94) and 2.12 (95% CI: 1.81, 2.48), respectively. Results of smoothing curve fitting confirmed the linear association between WWI and MMSE and dementia. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association between WWI and dementia in participants with hypertension with midday napping. CONCLUSION WWI was independently and positively associated with dementia among the population with hypertension, especially in those with midday napping. The data suggests that WWI may serve as a simple and effective tool for the assessment of the risk of dementia in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Sub-Center of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanyou Xie
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Sub-Center of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingling Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Chao Yu
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Sub-Center of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Huihui Bao
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Sub-Center of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Sub-Center of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
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Bahat G, Ilhan B, Erdogan T, Catikkas NM, Karan MA, Drey M, Gasowski J, Kotsani M, Piotrowicz K, Morley J. Simpler modified fried frailty scale as a practical tool to evaluate physical frailty: Methodological report for its cross-cultural adaptation and validation. Exp Gerontol 2022; 166:111887. [PMID: 35803479 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome that indicates homeostenosis and increased risk of disability and mortality. It is amenable to intervention when detected. Hence, screening frailty is of utmost importance to preserve quality-of-life and function in older age. Simpler Modified Fried Frailty Scale is a very practical frailty screening tool that has recently been introduced and has rooted from the original Fried Scale. It is developed in Turkish and has been shown to predict mortality in nursing home residents. Considering the variety of languages in Europe, it seems valid to adapt and validate this tool in different European languages. Thereby, it is expected that clinicians will have the possibility to screen for frailty more quickly and easily in their practice across many countries. This report is written to explain the details of the final consensus methodology suggested for Simpler Modified Fried Frailty Scale validation in order to guide and help the research teams in their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Bahat
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Birkan Ilhan
- University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tugba Erdogan
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nezahat Muge Catikkas
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Akif Karan
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Michael Drey
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Marina Kotsani
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Pôle "Maladies du Vieillissement, Gérontologie et Soins Palliatifs", Nancy, France
| | | | - John Morley
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
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Sylivris A, Mesinovic J, Scott D, Jansons P. Body composition changes at 12 months following different surgical weight loss interventions in adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13442. [PMID: 35257480 PMCID: PMC9286475 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To determine relative lean mass and fat mass changes in adults with obesity following surgical weight loss interventions, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus were screened for eligible studies. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in populations with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 ) aged over 18 years, who underwent any type of bariatric surgery and reported body composition measures via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or bio-electrical impedance analysis. Authors conducted full text screening and determined that there were six RCTs eligible for inclusion, with data extracted at 12 months post-surgery. Meta-analysis revealed that, relative to gastric banding, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) led to greater total body mass loss (mean difference [MD]: -9.33 kg [95% CI: -12.10, -6.56]) and greater fat mass loss (MD: -8.86 kg [95% CI: -11.80, -5.93], but similar lean mass loss (MD: -0.55 kg [95% CI: -3.82, 2.71]. RYGB also led to similar changes in total body mass, fat mass, and lean mass compared with sleeve gastrectomy. RYGB results in greater 12-month weight and fat loss, but similar changes in lean mass, compared with gastric banding. Further RCTs comparing body composition changes following different bariatric surgery procedures are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Sylivris
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jakub Mesinovic
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Jansons
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Chiba I, Lee S, Bae S, Makino K, Shinkai Y, Katayama O, Harada K, Takayanagi N, Shimada H. Difference in sarcopenia characteristics associated with physical activity and disability incidences in older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1983-1994. [PMID: 34612020 PMCID: PMC8718062 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deteriorated skeletal muscle condition, including sarcopenia, is a risk factor for disability in older adults. Promoting physical activity is a useful treatment for sarcopenia. However, optimal intensity of physical activity according to sarcopenia characteristics is unclear. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study enrolled 2149 community-dwelling older adults (women 55.7%, mean age: 75.5 ± 4.0 years). Five-year disability incidence defined by Japanese long-term care insurance certification and accelerometer-measured physical activities (light-intensity physical activity [LPA] and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity [MVPA]), which were adjusted for potential confounders, was analysed using cox-proportional hazard model stratified by sarcopenia characteristics based on the diagnostic algorithm by the Asian working group for sarcopenia (robust, low physical function, low muscle mass, and sarcopenia). The sarcopenia group was defined as low muscle mass and low physical function (weakness and/or slowness). The low muscle mass and low physical function groups were each defined by these characteristics alone. Muscle mass was analysed via bioelectrical impedance analysis. Each intensity of physical activity times was divided by median values. RESULTS The disability incidence rate was 15.4%, excluding those who could not be followed up. Mean LPA times were 43.8 ± 18.0, 45.6 ± 17.5, 45.4 ± 16.6, 40.8 ± 18.6, and 41.4 ± 18.5 min/day and MVPA times were 24.6 ± 17.6, 26.3 ± 18.3, 27.2 ± 17.3, 21.6 ± 16.3, and 21.5 ± 16.4 min/day in all participants, the robust, low muscle mass, low physical function, and sarcopenia groups, respectively. For all participants, higher MVPA was associated with disability incidence [hazard ratios (HR), 0.63; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.49-0.81; P < 0.001], whereas higher LPA showed no association (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.68-1.10; P = 0.22). Higher LPA was associated in the sarcopenia group (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.85; P = 0.019), and MVPA was associated in the robust (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.87; P = 0.008) and low physical function (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.98; P = 0.040) groups. Both LPA and MVPA showed no association in the low muscle mass group. The P values for interactions between sarcopenia characteristics and physical activity were 0.017 for LPA and 0.014 for MVPA. CONCLUSIONS The LPA was associated with a lower risk of disability in older adults with sarcopenia, whereas MVPA was associated in subjects with robust and low physical function. Our findings indicate a need for individualized approaches to prevent disability based on muscle condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Chiba
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social ScienceNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuAichiJapan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Science Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and TechnologyShinshu UniversityMatsumotoNaganoJapan
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social ScienceNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuAichiJapan
| | - Seongryu Bae
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social ScienceNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuAichiJapan
| | - Keitaro Makino
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social ScienceNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuAichiJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Yohei Shinkai
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social ScienceNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuAichiJapan
| | - Osamu Katayama
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social ScienceNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuAichiJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Harada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social ScienceNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuAichiJapan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social ScienceNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuAichiJapan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Science Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and TechnologyShinshu UniversityMatsumotoNaganoJapan
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Increased intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps is more strongly related to declines in ADL than is loss of muscle mass in older inpatients. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1381-1387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wang DX, Yao J, Zirek Y, Reijnierse EM, Maier AB. Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance predicting activities of daily living: a meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:3-25. [PMID: 31788969 PMCID: PMC7015244 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are essential for independent living and are predictors of morbidity and mortality in older populations. Older adults who are dependent in ADLs and IADLs are also more likely to have poor muscle measures defined as low muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, which further limit their ability to perform activities. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if muscle measures are predictive of ADL and IADL in older populations. Methods A systematic search was conducted using four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL) from date of inception to 7 June 2018. Longitudinal cohorts were included that reported baseline muscle measures defined by muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in conjunction with prospective ADL or IADL in participants aged 65 years and older at follow-up. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random effect model. Results Of the 7760 articles screened, 83 articles were included for the systematic review and involved a total of 108 428 (54.8% female) participants with a follow-up duration ranging from 11 days to 25 years. Low muscle mass was positively associated with ADL dependency in 5/9 articles and 5/5 for IADL dependency. Low muscle strength was associated with ADL dependency in 22/34 articles and IADL dependency in 8/9 articles. Low physical performance was associated with ADL dependency in 37/49 articles and with IADL dependency in 9/11 articles. Forty-five articles were pooled into the meta-analyses, 36 reported ADL, 11 reported IADL, and 2 reported ADL and IADL as a composite outcome. Low muscle mass was associated with worsening ADL (pooled odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.19 (1.29-7.92)) and worsening IADL (1.28 (1.02-1.61)). Low handgrip strength was associated with both worsening ADL and IADL (1.51 (1.34-1.70); 1.59 (1.04-2.31) respectively). Low scores on the short physical performance battery and gait speed were associated with worsening ADL (3.49 (2.47-4.92); 2.33 (1.58-3.44) respectively) and IADL (3.09 (1.06-8.98); 1.93 (1.69-2.21) respectively). Low one leg balance (2.74 (1.31-5.72)), timed up and go (3.41 (1.86-6.28)), and chair stand test time (1.90 (1.63-2.21)) were associated with worsening ADL. Conclusions Muscle measures at baseline are predictors of future ADL and IADL dependence in the older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel X.M. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Jessica Yao
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Yasar Zirek
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Esmee M. Reijnierse
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Andrea B. Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdamVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Velez MP, Alvarado BE, Rosendaal N, da Câmara SM, Belanger E, Richardson H, Pirkle CM. Age at natural menopause and physical functioning in postmenopausal women: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Menopause 2019; 26:958-965. [PMID: 31453956 PMCID: PMC6738924 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between categories of age at natural menopause (ANM) and gait speed (slowness) and grip strength (weakness), common measures of physical functioning in older women. METHODS We analyzed data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, which included participants from seven cities across Canada collected in 2012. The sample was restricted to women who reported to have entered menopause (N = 9,920). Women who had a hysterectomy before menopause were excluded since the age at which this surgical procedure was performed was not available. ANM was categorized into five groups: less than 40 (premature), 40 to 44 (early), 45 to 49, 50 to 54, and more than 54. We conducted linear regressions to assess the association between ANM and gait speed (m/s) and grip strength (kg) adjusting for participant age, education, body mass index, smoking, use of hormone therapy, height, and province of residence. RESULTS Mean ANM was 49.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49.7-50.0), with 3.8% of women having a premature menopause; the average gait speed was 0.98 m/s (standard deviation: 0.22), the average grip strength was 26.6 kg (standard deviation: 6.39). Compared to women with ANM of 50 to 54, women with premature menopause had 0.054 m/s (95% CI -0.083, -0.026) lower gait speed when adjusting for age and study site. In the fully adjusted model, the association was attenuated, 0.032 m/s (95% CI -0.060, -0.004). ANM was not associated with grip strength. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that premature menopause (<40 years) may be associated with lower gait speed (slowness) among Canadian women. No association was observed between ANM and grip strength. Future studies should include a life course approach to evaluate whether social and biological pathways modify the association between age at menopause and physical function in populations from different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Velez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beatriz E Alvarado
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Rosendaal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saionara M da Câmara
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Emmanuelle Belanger
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Harriet Richardson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine M Pirkle
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
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Granic A, Sayer AA, Robinson SM. Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040745. [PMID: 30935012 PMCID: PMC6521630 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health has been gaining attention in ageing and nutritional research. Sarcopenia, a muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength, mass, and function is associated with an increased risk of functional decline, frailty, hospitalization, and death. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and leads to high personal, social, and economic costs. Finding adequate nutritional measures to maintain muscle health, preserve function, and independence for the growing population of older adults would have important scientific and societal implications. Two main approaches have been employed to study the role of diet/DPs as a modifiable lifestyle factor in sarcopenia. An a priori or hypothesis-driven approach examines the adherence to pre-defined dietary indices such as the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)—measures of diet quality—in relation to muscle health outcomes. A posteriori or data-driven approaches have used statistical tools—dimension reduction methods or clustering—to study DP-muscle health relationships. Both approaches recognise the importance of the whole diet and potential cumulative, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of foods and nutrients on ageing muscle. In this review, we have aimed to (i) summarise nutritional epidemiology evidence from four recent systematic reviews with updates from new primary studies about the role of DPs in muscle health, sarcopenia, and its components; (ii) hypothesise about the potential mechanisms of ‘myoprotective’ diets, with the MED as an example, and (iii) discuss the challenges facing nutritional epidemiology to produce the higher level evidence needed to understand the relationships between whole diets and healthy muscle ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Sian M Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
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Sánchez-Rodríguez D, Marco E, Ronquillo-Moreno N, Maciel-Bravo L, Gonzales-Carhuancho A, Duran X, Guillén-Solà A, Vázquez-Ibar O, Escalada F, Muniesa JM. ASPEN-AND-ESPEN: A postacute-care comparison of the basic definition of malnutrition from the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics with the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism definition. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:297-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Kim HK, Lee YJ, Lee YK, Kim H, Koo KH. Which Index for Muscle Mass Represents an Aging Process? J Bone Metab 2018; 25:219-226. [PMID: 30574466 PMCID: PMC6288609 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.4.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although studies and interest in sarcopenia have increased, it is still a matter of debate which muscle mass index better represents the aging process. We compared 3 indices for muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle mass [ASM]/weight, ASM/height2, and the body mass index [BMI]-adjusted muscle mass index [ASM/BMI]) to determine which better reflected the aging process in terms of the decline in bone mineral density (BMD), visual acuity (VA), hearing power, renal function, pulmonary function, and handgrip strength. Methods We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the Korean population. Between 2008 and 2011, a total of 14,415 men and 17,971 women aged 10 years or older participated in the study. We plotted the changes in the 3 indices of muscle mass and compared these with changes in BMD, VA, hearing power, renal function, pulmonary function, and handgrip strength according to each age group. Results The ASM/BMI showed similar changes in terms of surrogate markers of the aging process, while the ASM/weight and ASM/height2 showed no correlation. Conclusions Among muscle indices for sarcopenia, only the ASM/BMI represented the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Kook Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - You Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hongji Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoi Koo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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13
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van Dam R, Van Ancum JM, Verlaan S, Scheerman K, Meskers CG, Maier AB. Lower Cognitive Function in Older Patients with Lower Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 45:243-250. [PMID: 29913450 PMCID: PMC6067649 DOI: 10.1159/000486711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low muscle strength and muscle mass are associated with adverse outcomes in older hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to assess the association between cognitive functioning and muscle strength and muscle mass in hospitalized older patients. METHODS This prospective inception cohort included 378 patients aged 70 years or older. At admission patients were assessed for cognitive functioning by use of the Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT). Muscle strength and muscle mass were assessed using handheld dynamometry and segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, within 48 h after admission and on day 7, or earlier on the day of discharge. RESULTS The data of 371 patients (mean age ± standard deviation 80.1 ± 6.4 years, 49.3% female) were available for analyses. The median (interquartile range) 6-CIT score was 4 (0-8) points. At admission, lower cognitive functioning was associated with lower muscle strength, lower skeletal muscle mass (SMM), lower appendicular lean mass, and lower SMM index. Cognitive functioning was not associated with change in muscle strength and muscle mass during hospitalization. CONCLUSION This study further strengthens evidence for an association between lower cognitive functioning and lower muscle strength and muscle mass, but without a further decline during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romee van Dam
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine M. Van Ancum
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors Verlaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kira Scheerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel G.M. Meskers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea B. Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,*Andrea B. Maier, MD, PhD, Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, van der Boechorststraat 7, NL–1081 BT Amsterdam (The Netherlands), E-Mail
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14
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Seo DY, Lee SR, Heo JW, No MH, Rhee BD, Ko KS, Kwak HB, Han J. Ursolic acid in health and disease. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:235-248. [PMID: 29719446 PMCID: PMC5928337 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural triterpene compound found in various fruits and vegetables. There is a growing interest in UA because of its beneficial effects, which include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-carcinogenic effects. It exerts these effects in various tissues and organs: by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B signaling in cancer cells, improving insulin signaling in adipose tissues, reducing the expression of markers of cardiac damage in the heart, decreasing inflammation and increasing the level of anti-oxidants in the brain, reducing apoptotic signaling and the level of oxidants in the liver, and reducing atrophy and increasing the expression levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and irisin in skeletal muscles. Moreover, UA can be used as an alternative medicine for the treatment and prevention of cancer, obesity/diabetes, cardiovascular disease, brain disease, liver disease, and muscle wasting (sarcopenia). In this review, we have summarized recent data on the beneficial effects and possible uses of UA in health and disease managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yun Seo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.,Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Heo
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun No
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
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15
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Mitchell CJ, Milan AM, Mitchell SM, Zeng N, Ramzan F, Sharma P, Knowles SO, Roy NC, Sjödin A, Wagner KH, Cameron-Smith D. The effects of dietary protein intake on appendicular lean mass and muscle function in elderly men: a 10-wk randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:1375-1383. [PMID: 29092886 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.160325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for protein intake in the adult population is widely promoted as 0.8 g · kg-1 · d-1 Aging may increase protein requirements, particularly to maintain muscle mass.Objective: We investigated whether controlled protein consumption at the current RDA or twice the RDA (2RDA) affects skeletal muscle mass and physical function in elderly men.Design: In this parallel-group randomized trial, 29 men aged >70 y [mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m2): 28.3 ± 4.2] were provided with a complete diet containing either 0.8 (RDA) or 1.6 (2RDA) g protein · kg-1 · d-1, aimed to balance energy needs. Before treatment and after 10 wk of intervention, whole-body and appendicular lean mass were measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Knee-extension peak power was measured with dynamometry.Results: Both groups were found to have been in a moderate negative energy balance (mean ± SD RDA: 209 ± 213 kcal/d; 2RDA 145 ± 214 kcal/d; P= 0.427 for difference between the groups). In comparison with RDA, whole-body lean mass increased in 2RDA (P = 0.001; 1.49 ± 1.30 kg, P < 0.001 compared with -0.55 ± 1.49 kg, P = 0.149). This difference was mostly accounted for by an increase in trunk lean mass found in 2RDA (+1.39 ± 1.09 kg, P < 0.001). Appendicular lean mass also decreased in RDA compared with 2RDA (P = 0.022), driven by a reduction in RDA (-0.64 ± 0.91 kg, P = 0.005 compared with 0.11 ± 0.57 kg, P = 0.592). Adjusting for energy imbalances did not alter these findings. Knee-extension peak power was also differently affected (P = 0.012; 26.6 ± 47.7 W, P = 0.015 in 2RDA compared with -11.7 ± 31.0 W, P = 0.180 in RDA).Conclusions: Consumption of a diet providing 2RDA for protein compared with the current guidelines was found to have beneficial effects on lean body mass and leg power in elderly men. These effects were not explained by differences in energy balance. This trial was registered at the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (www.anzctr.org.au) as ACTRN12616000310460.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber M Milan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nina Zeng
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Farha Ramzan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pankaja Sharma
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nicole C Roy
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anders Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; .,Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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16
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Lin HR, Otsubo T, Imanaka Y. Survival analysis of increases in care needs associated with dementia and living alone among older long-term care service users in Japan. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:182. [PMID: 28814271 PMCID: PMC5559793 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japan is known for its long life expectancy and rapidly aging society that there are various demands of older adults need to be fulfilled with, and one of them is long-term care needs. Therefore, Japan implemented the Long-Term Care Insurance in year 2000 for citizens who are above 65-year old and citizens who are above 40-year old in needs of long-term care services. This study was undertaken to longitudinally examine the influence of dementia and living alone on care needs increases among older long-term care insurance service users in Japan. METHODS Long-term care insurance claims data were used to identify enrollees who applied for long-term care services between October 2010 and September 2011, and subjects were tracked until March 2015. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to examine increases in care needs over time in months. Cox regression models were used to examine the effects of dementia and living alone on care needs increases. RESULTS The cumulative survival rates before care needs increased over the 4.5-year observation period were 17.6% in the dementia group and 31.9% in the non-dementia group. After adjusting for age, sex, care needs level, and status of living alone, the risk of care needs increases was found to be 1.5 times higher in the dementia group. Living alone was not a significant risk factor of care needs increases, but people with dementia who lived alone had a higher risk of care needs increases than those without dementia. CONCLUSION Dementia, older age, the female sex, and lower care needs levels were associated with a higher risk of care needs increases over the study period. Among these variables, dementia had the strongest impact on care needs increases, especially in persons who lived alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Ru Lin
- The Japan Foundation for Aging and Health, 4F, 1-1 Aza Gengoyama, Oaza Morioka, Higashiura-cho, Chita-gun, Aichi, 470-2101, Japan.,Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Otsubo
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuichi Imanaka
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Hernández-Luis R, Martín-Ponce E, Monereo-Muñoz M, Quintero-Platt G, Odeh-Santana S, González-Reimers E, Santolaria F. Prognostic value of physical function tests and muscle mass in elderly hospitalized patients. A prospective observational study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 18:57-64. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Hernández-Luis
- Internal Medicine Department; Canary Islands University Hospital; Tenerife Spain
| | - Esther Martín-Ponce
- Internal Medicine Department; Canary Islands University Hospital; Tenerife Spain
| | - María Monereo-Muñoz
- Internal Medicine Department; Canary Islands University Hospital; Tenerife Spain
| | | | - Silvia Odeh-Santana
- Internal Medicine Department; Canary Islands University Hospital; Tenerife Spain
| | | | - Francisco Santolaria
- Internal Medicine Department; Canary Islands University Hospital; Tenerife Spain
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18
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Santos L, Ribeiro AS, Schoenfeld BJ, Nascimento MA, Tomeleri CM, Souza MF, Pina FLC, Cyrino ES. The improvement in walking speed induced by resistance training is associated with increased muscular strength but not skeletal muscle mass in older women. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:488-494. [PMID: 28068193 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1273394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to analyze whether improvements in fast walking speed induced by resistance training (RT) are associated with changes in body composition, muscle quality, and muscular strength in older women. METHODS Twenty-three healthy older women (69.6 ± 6.4 years, 64.95 ± 12.9 kg, 1.55 ± 0.07 m, 27.06 ± 4.6 kg/m²) performed a RT program for 8 weeks consisting of 8 exercises for the whole body, 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, 3 times a week. Anthropometric, body composition (fat-free mass [FFM], skeletal muscle mass [SMM], legs lean soft tissue [LLST], fat mass), knee extension muscular strength (KE1RM), muscle quality index (MQI [KE1RM/LLST]), and 10-meter walking test (10-MWT) were performed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Significant (P < .05) changes were observed from pre- to post-training for FFM (+1.6%), MQI (+7.2%), SMM (+2.4%), LLST (+1.8%), KE1RM (+8.6%), fat mass (-1.4%), and time to perform 10-MWT (-3.7%). The percentage change in 10-MWT was significantly associated with percentage change in MQI (r = -0.46, P = .04) and KE1RM (r = -0.45, P = .04), however not associated percentage of changes in SMM (r = 0.01, P = .97), LLST (r = -0.22, P = .33), and body fat (r = 0.10, P = .66). CONCLUSION We conclude that the improvement in the 10-MWT after an 8-week RT program is associated with increases in lower limb muscular strength and muscle quality, but not with muscle mass or body fat changes in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Santos
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil.,b Center for Research in Health Sciences , University of Northern Paraná , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- c Exercise Science Department , CUNY Lehman College , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Matheus A Nascimento
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Mariana F Souza
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Fábio L C Pina
- b Center for Research in Health Sciences , University of Northern Paraná , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
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Abstract
The Zarit Burden Interview allows caregiver burden to be interpreted from a total score. However, recent studies propose a multidimensional Zarit Burden Interview model. This study aims to determine the agreement between unidimensional (UD) and multidimensional (MD) classification of burden, and differences in predictors among identified groups. We studied 165 dyads of dementia patients and primary caregivers. Caregivers were dichotomized into low-burden and high-burden groups based upon: (1) UD score using quartile cutoffs; and (2) MD model via exploratory cluster analysis. We compared UD versus MD 2×2 classification of burden using κ statistics. Caregivers not showing agreement by either definition were classified as "intermediate" burden. We performed binary logistic regression to ascertain differences in predictive factors. The 2 models showed moderate agreement (κ=0.72, P<0.01), yielding 104 low, 20 intermediate (UD "low burden"/MD "high burden"), and 41 high-burden caregivers. Neuropsychiatric symptoms [odds ratio (OR)=1.27, P=0.003], coresidence (OR=6.32, P=0.040), and decreased caregiving hours (OR=0.99, P=0.018) were associated with intermediate burden, whereas neuropsychiatric symptoms (OR=1.21, P=0.001) and adult children caregivers (OR=2.80, P=0.055) were associated with high burden. Our results highlight the differences between UD and MD classification of caregiver burden. Future studies should explore the significance of the noncongruent intermediate group and its predictors.
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20
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Moreira PL, Correa CR, Corrente JE, Martin LC, Boas PJFV, Ferreira ALA. Anthropometric, functional capacity, and oxidative stress changes in Brazilian community-living elderly subjects. A longitudinal study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 66:140-6. [PMID: 27323308 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the changes and relationships among anthropometric, functional and plasma oxidative stress markers in elderly. DESIGN longitudinal study. SETTING measurements in 2008 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS 103 community-dwelling men and women aged 67-92. MEASUREMENTS Anthropometric parameters [waist, hip, arm and calf circumferences; waist-hip ratio, triceps skinfold thickness and others], basic (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)] and plasma oxidative stress markers (α-tocopherol, β-carotene and malondialdehyde) were assessed in 2008 and 2010. RESULTS ADL, IADL, body weight, skinfold thickness and circumferences of calf and arm decreased and waist and waist-hip ratio increased from 2008 to 2010. α-Tocopherol decreased and malondialdehyde plasma levels increased during the study period. In multiple logistic regression analyses, increased age (OR=1.12; IC: 1.02-1.23; p=0.02), female gender (OR=8.43; IC: 1.23-57.58; p=0.03), hypertension (OR=0.22; IC: 0.06-0.79; p=0.02), arthritis/arthrosis (OR=0.09; IC: 0.009-0.87; p=0.04) and depression (OR=0.20; IC: 0.04-1.03; p=0.05) were independent risk factors for functional decline. CONCLUSION Fat reduction, muscle loss, central obesity increase, functional decline and worsening of plasma oxidative stress were observed during 2-year follow-up. Some of the risk factors that were identified could be modified to help prevent functional decline in elderly. The factors deserving attention include hypertension, arthritis/arthrosis and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Lucelia Moreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Renata Correa
- Post-Graduation Program in Pathology, Botucatu Medical School at São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Department of Biostatistics, Botucatu, Institute of Biosciences at Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luis Cuadrado Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Lucia Anjos Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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The emergence of frailty and sarcopaenia in diabetes mellitus: description of inter-relationships and clinical importance. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Gérard S, Bréchemier D, Lefort A, Lozano S, Abellan Van Kan G, Filleron T, Mourey L, Bernard-Marty C, Rougé-Bugat ME, Soler V, Vellas B, Cesari M, Rolland Y, Balardy L. Body Composition and Anti-Neoplastic Treatment in Adult and Older Subjects - A Systematic Review. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:878-888. [PMID: 27709238 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The estimation of the risk of poor tolerance and overdose of antineoplastic agents protocols represents a major challenge in oncology, particularly in older patients. We hypothesize that age-related modifications of body composition (i.e. increased fat mass and decreased lean mass) may significantly affect tolerance to chemotherapy. METHOD We conducted a systematic review for the last 25 years (between 1990 and 2015), using US National library of Medicine Medline electronic bibliographic database and Embase database of cohorts or clinical trials exploring (i) the interactions of body composition (assessed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry, Bioelectrical Impedance Analyses, or Computerized Tomography) with pharmacokinetics parameters, (ii) the tolerance to chemotherapy, and (iii) the consequences of chemotherapies or targeted therapies on body composition. RESULTS Our search identified 1504 articles. After a selection (using pre-established criteria) on titles and abstract, 24 original articles were selected with 3 domains of interest: impact of body composition on pharmacokinetics (7 articles), relationship between body composition and chemotoxicity (14 articles), and effect of anti-cancer chemotherapy on body composition (11 articles). The selected studies suggested that pharmacokinetic was influenced by lean mass, that lower lean mass could be correlated with toxicity, and that sarcopenic patients experienced more toxicities that non-sarcopenic patients. Regarding fat mass, results were less conclusive. No studies specifically explored the topic of body composition in older cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Plausible pathophysiological pathways linking body composition, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics are sustained by the actual review. However, despite the growing number of older cancer patients, our review highlighted the lack of specific studies in the field of anti-neoplastic agents toxicity regarding body composition conducted in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gérard
- Stéphane Gérard, CHU Purpan, Gérontopôle, Pavillon Junod, 170 avenue de Casselardit 31059 Toulouse Cedex 09, France, Tel: +33 6 78 94 44 22, Fax: +33 5 61 77 64 14, E-mail address:
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Sinclair AJ, Rodriguez-Mañas L. Diabetes and Frailty: Two Converging Conditions? Can J Diabetes 2015; 40:77-83. [PMID: 26683240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disabling, chronic cardiovascular and medical disease with a tremendous health, social and economic burden in our ageing communities. It has a prevalence of 10% to 30% in people older than 65 years of age, and more than half of all subjects with diabetes in the United States are older than 60 years of age. The main impact of diabetes in older adults stems from its effect on function, both physical and cognitive, that finally impairs their quality of life, although the impact on survival is modest. Frailty has emerged during the past 2 decades as the most powerful predictor of disability and other adverse outcomes, including mortality, disability and institutionalization in older adults. In this article we explore the relationship between diabetes and frailty, and we recognize that they are intimately related chronic medical conditions that result in huge societal and personal health burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People, Diabetes Frail, Hampton Lovett, Droitwich, Worcestershire, UK; University of Aston, Birmingham, UK.
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Osteoporosis epidemiology 2013: implications for diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2015; 26:440-6. [PMID: 24807402 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recently published studies that provide insights into the changing epidemiology of osteoporosis and fractures. RECENT FINDINGS The main themes reviewed are fracture outcomes; trends in fractures rates; fracture risk assessment and monitoring; atypical femoral fractures; male osteoporosis; falls and physical activity; and sarcopenia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. SUMMARY Osteoporotic fractures were found to have long-term consequences on excess mortality (10 years) and economic costs (5 years). The large burden of nonhip nonvertebral fractures has been underestimated. Divergent (but mostly declining) trends in fracture rates were confirmed in several cohorts from around the world. This has significant implications for healthcare planners and clinicians responsible for the care of individuals with osteoporosis, and also impacts on the calibration of fracture prediction tools. Although fracture prediction tools differ in their complexity, performance characteristics are similar when applied to the general population. Large, high-quality comparative studies with different case mixes are needed. Fracture probability does not appear to be responsive enough to support goal-directed treatment at this time. A consensus on the diagnosis of osteoporosis in men has emerged, based upon the same absolute bone density cutoff for both men and women. Finally, a plethora of new data highlight the importance of falls, physical activity, and body composition as contributors to skeletal health.
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Goisser S, Kemmler W, Porzel S, Volkert D, Sieber CC, Bollheimer LC, Freiberger E. Sarcopenic obesity and complex interventions with nutrition and exercise in community-dwelling older persons--a narrative review. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1267-82. [PMID: 26346071 PMCID: PMC4531044 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s82454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the many threats to independent life is the age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle function commonly referred to as sarcopenia. Another important health risk in old age leading to functional decline is obesity. Obesity prevalence in older persons is increasing, and like sarcopenia, severe obesity has been consistently associated with several negative health outcomes, disabilities, falls, and mobility limitations. Both sarcopenia and obesity pose a health risk for older persons per se, but in combination, they synergistically increase the risk for negative health outcomes and an earlier onset of disability. This combination of sarcopenia and obesity is commonly referred to as sarcopenic obesity. The present narrative review reports the current knowledge on the effects of complex interventions containing nutrition and exercise interventions in community-dwelling older persons with sarcopenic obesity. To date, several complex interventions with different outcomes have been conducted and have shown promise in counteracting either sarcopenia or obesity, but only a few studies have addressed the complex syndrome of sarcopenic obesity. Strong evidence exists on exercise interventions in sarcopenia, especially on strength training, and for obese older persons, strength exercise in combination with a dietary weight loss intervention demonstrated positive effects on muscle function and body fat. The differences in study protocols and target populations make it impossible at the moment to extract data for a meta-analysis or give state-of-the-art recommendations based on reliable evidence. A conclusion that can be drawn from this narrative review is that more exercise programs containing strength and aerobic exercise in combination with dietary interventions including a supervised weight loss program and/or protein supplements should be conducted in order to investigate possible positive effects on sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Goisser
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging (IBA), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics (IMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Porzel
- Nutricia GmbH, Danone Medical Nutrition, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging (IBA), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Cornel Christian Sieber
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging (IBA), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany ; Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, St John of God Hospital (Barmherzige Brüder), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leo Cornelius Bollheimer
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging (IBA), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany ; Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, St John of God Hospital (Barmherzige Brüder), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Freiberger
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging (IBA), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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Morley JE. Exercise: The Ultimate Medicine. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16:351-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lee SW, Youm Y, Lee WJ, Choi W, Chu SH, Park YR, Kim HC. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass and insulin resistance in an elderly korean population: the korean social life, health and aging project-health examination cohort. Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39:37-45. [PMID: 25729711 PMCID: PMC4342535 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports an association between age-related loss of muscle mass and insulin resistance. However, the association has not been fully investigated in the general population. Thus, we investigated the association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and insulin resistance in an elderly Korean population. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 158 men (mean age, 71.8) and 241 women (mean age, 70.6) from the Korean Social Life, Health and Aging Project, which started in 2011. In this study, ASM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and was analyzed in three forms: ASM (kg), ASM/height(2) (kg/m(2)), and ASM/weight (%). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as a measure of insulin resistance. The relationships between the ASM values and the HOMA-IR were investigated by multiple linear regression models. RESULTS The HOMA-IR was positively associated with ASM (β=0.43, P<0.0001) and ASM/height(2) (β=0.36, P<0.0001) when adjusted for sex and age. However, after additional adjustment for body weight, HOMA-IR was inversely associated with ASM (β=-0.43, P<0.001) and ASM/height(2) (β=-0.30, P=0.001). Adjustment for other potential confounders did not change these associations. Conversely, HOMA-IR was consistently and inversely associated with ASM/weight before and after adjustment for other potential confounders. CONCLUSION Our results support the idea that lower skeletal muscle mass is independently associated with insulin resistance in older adults. When evaluating sarcopenia or muscle-related conditions in older adults, their whole body sizes also need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Lee
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoosik Youm
- Department of Sociology, Yonsei University College of Social Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Joon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wungrak Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hui Chu
- Department of Clinical Nursing Science, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong-Ran Park
- Division of Silver Industry, Kangnam University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Messinger-Rapport BJ, Gammack JK, Little MO, Morley JE. Clinical Update on Nursing Home Medicine: 2014. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15:786-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Woo J, Leung J, Morley JE. Validating the SARC-F: A Suitable Community Screening Tool for Sarcopenia? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15:630-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kessler J, Radlinger L, Baur H, Rogan S. Effect of stochastic resonance whole body vibration on functional performance in the frail elderly: A pilot study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59:305-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Sarcopenia Risk Screening Tool: A New Strategy for Clinical Practice. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15:613-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Association between skeletal muscle mass and radial augmentation index in an elderly Korean population. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Morley JE. Why Have the Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Declined Over the Past 30 Years? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15:449-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Alemán-Mateo H, López Teros MT, Ramírez FA, Astiazarán-García H. Association between insulin resistance and low relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass: evidence from a cohort study in community-dwelling older men and women participants. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:871-7. [PMID: 24325896 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that insulin resistance plays a role in the development of the loss of skeletal muscle; however, no cohort studies on insulin resistance and low relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) have been published to date. Thus, we examined whether insulin resistance is associated with low relative ASM after a 4.6-year follow-up period among apparently healthy older men and women participants. METHODS This is a combined retrospective-prospective cohort study, which includes 147 community-dwelling older men and women participants. ASM was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and follow-up. Participants with a relative change in ASM below the sex-specific 15th value were classified as the low relative ASM group. Homeostatic model assessment was used to quantify insulin resistance. Logistic regression calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for development of low relative ASM, adjusted for covariates. RESULTS The loss of ASM in the low relative ASM and normal groups was -1.8kg and -0.35kg, respectively (p ≤ .05). The low relative ASM group was older and had higher insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance values at baseline. The risk of developing low relative ASM at 4.6-year follow-up was 2.9 times higher (95% CI, 1.00-7.8; p = .04) among the participants with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance levels more than 2.3. After adjusting for age, the risk increased to 3.9 times higher (95% CI, 1.3-11.5; p = .03). CONCLUSION Insulin resistance was associated with low relative ASM at 4.6-year follow-up after accounting for several covariates in a cohort of apparently healthy, well-functioning young older men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heliodoro Alemán-Mateo
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
| | - Miriam T López Teros
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Fátima A Ramírez
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Humberto Astiazarán-García
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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Idland G, Sylliaas H, Mengshoel AM, Pettersen R, Bergland A. Progressive resistance training for community-dwelling women aged 90 or older; a single-subject experimental design. Disabil Rehabil 2013; 36:1240-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2013.837969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Spruit MA, Sillen MJH, Groenen MTJ, Wouters EFM, Franssen FME. New normative values for handgrip strength: results from the UK Biobank. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14:775.e5-11. [PMID: 23958225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop normative values for right and left handgrip strength after stratification for confounders like gender, age, and height. DESIGN Cross-sectional, descriptive. SETTING General population. PARTICIPANTS A total of 502,713 people living in the United Kingdom. INTERVENTION None. MEASUREMENTS Handgrip strength was measured using a Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer, which is considered to be an accurate instrument to measure handgrip strength. In addition, self-reported chronic conditions and ethnic background were registered, and lung function was assessed using spirometry. RESULTS After exclusion of all individuals with missing data, a nonwhite ethnic background, the presence of 1 or more self-reported conditions, and/or an obstructive lung function (defined as FEV1/FVC <0.7), new normative values for right and left handgrip strength were derived from 224,830 and 224,852 individuals (54.2% women; age: 55.0 [8.0] years; height: 169.0 [9.2] cm; body mass index: 26.9 [4.4] kg/m(2)) with a nonobstructed spirometry (FEV1: 3.0 [0.8] L). Men were stronger than women. Moreover, significant associations were found between handgrip strength and height, and between handgrip strength and age. Finally, percentiles 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 95 were calculated for right and left handgrip strength, after stratification for gender, age, and height. CONCLUSION The UK Biobank dataset provided the opportunity to determine new normative values for handgrip strength in men and women aged 39 to 73 years. These normative values take into consideration age, height, and measurement side. Therefore, these new normative handgrip strength values are of broad clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn A Spruit
- Program Development Center, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands.
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