1
|
Knuutila A, Dalby T, Ahvenainen N, Barkoff AM, Jørgensen CS, Fuursted K, Mertsola J, He Q. Antibody avidity to pertussis toxin after acellular pertussis vaccination and infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2174782. [PMID: 36715361 PMCID: PMC9936998 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2174782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis toxin (PT) is a unique virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, and therefore a key component of acellular pertussis vaccines. Although immunity after infection seems to persist longer than after vaccination, the exact mechanisms are not fully known. In this study the overall binding strength (avidity) of anti-PT IgG antibodies was compared after acellular booster vaccination and infection, as a parameter to evaluate long-lasting protection.Danish and Finnish serum samples from a total of 134 serologically confirmed patients and 112 children who received acellular booster vaccines were included in this study. The concentration of anti-PT IgG was first determined by ELISA, followed by two separate ELISAs to evaluate antibody avidity: either with a dilution series of urea as a bond-breaking agent of antibody and antigen binding and a constant anti-PT IgG concentration between the samples or with a constant dilution ratio of sera and detergent. In addition to urea, the use of diethylamine and ammonium thiocyanate as disruptive agents were first compared between each other.A strong Spearman correlation (R > 0.801) was noted between avidity and concentration of anti-PT IgG antibodies if a constant serum dilution method was used, and avidity was noted to be higher in patients in comparison to vaccinees in Denmark, but not in Finland. However, no correlation between antibody concentration and avidity was found if a constant anti-PT IgG concentration was used (R = -0.157). With this method, avidity after vaccination was significantly higher in comparison to that after infection in both Danish and Finnish subjects (p < 0.01). A shorter time since the latest booster vaccination was found to affect avidity positively on the next PT-antigen exposure with either vaccination or infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Knuutila
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tine Dalby
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Jussi Mertsola
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Qiushui He
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, Qiushui He
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohammed Abdullah E, Abdulla AM, Ali Khalil M, Ahmed Owaid H. Incidence of Pertussis in Anbar Province, West of Iraq, during 2009-2019. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:1687-1693. [PMID: 35546984 PMCID: PMC9083876 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356363.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis (whooping coughalso called100-day cough) is an extremely infectious bacterial illness caused by Bordetella pertussis. B. pertussis spreads by coughs and sneezes of sick patients. The present study aimed to investigate the pertussis incidence, and thereafter, decide whether it is necessary to import a vaccine for this disease in Anbar province, Iraq. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed by using the electronic archives of Pertussis patients in Anbar Governorate hospitals during a period of 10 years from 2009 to 2019. The incidence rate of pertussis has been calculated by dividing the annual cases number of infections by the size of the population at risk multiplied by 100,000. From 608 patients with pertussis registered at Anbar province hospitals, 315 (51.8%) and 293 (48.2%) of them were males and females, respectively, with an average age of 11.1±3 years old. The incidence rates of pertussis in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 were 0.014, 2.770, 1.427, 1.375, 3.421, 0.228, 0.00, 0.00, 21.321, 4.242, 0.604 in 100,000 people per year. The annual incidence ratio was 13.620/100,000 people per year. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females (P-value =0.130). There was one peak in the annual incidence rate of pertussis from 2009-2019 which happened in 2017. Lack of pertussis incidence during 2015-2016 was due to population displacement. Incidence of pertussis was more prevalent in the age group of 1-4 years old, compared to the1-year-old group. The incidence of pertussis decreased sharply during the last 2 years in Anbar province.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Mohammed Abdullah
- University of Anbar, College of Pharmacy, Microbiology Department, Al Anbar, Iraq
| | - A M Abdulla
- University of Anbar, Medical College, Pediatric Department, Al Anbar, Iraq
| | - M Ali Khalil
- University of Anbar, Medical College, Medical Microbiology Department, Al Anbar, Iraq
| | - H Ahmed Owaid
- Al-Anbar Health Office Medical Microbiology, Al Anbar, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barkoff AM, Knuutila A, Mertsola J, He Q. Evaluation of Anti-PT Antibody Response after Pertussis Vaccination and Infection: The Importance of Both Quantity and Quality. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080508. [PMID: 34437379 PMCID: PMC8402585 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis toxin (PT) is considered the main virulence factor causing whooping cough or pertussis. The protein is widely studied and its composition was revealed and sequenced already during the 1980s. The human immune system creates a good response against PT when measured in quantity. However, the serum anti-PT antibodies wane rapidly, and only a small amount of these antibodies are found a few years after vaccination/infection. Therefore, multiple approaches to study the functionality (quality) of these antibodies, e.g., avidity, neutralizing capacity, and epitope specificity, have been investigated. In addition, the long-term B cell memory (Bmem) to PT is crucial for good protection throughout life. In this review, we summarize the findings from functional PT antibody and Bmem studies. These results are discussed in line with the quantity of serum anti-PT antibodies. PT neutralizing antibodies and anti-PT antibodies with proper avidity are crucial for good protection against the disease, and certain epitopes have been identified to have multiple functions in the protection. Although PT-specific Bmem responses are detectable at least five years after vaccination, long-term surveillance is lacking. Variation of the natural boosting of circulating Bordetella pertussis in communities is an important confounding factor in these memory studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex-Mikael Barkoff
- Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.-M.B.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Aapo Knuutila
- Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.-M.B.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Jussi Mertsola
- Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.-M.B.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Qiushui He
- Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.-M.B.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-40-472-2255
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mapping Protective Regions on a Three-Dimensional Model of the Moraxella catarrhalis Vaccine Antigen Oligopeptide Permease A. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00652-17. [PMID: 29203544 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00652-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A vaccine against Moraxella catarrhalis would reduce tremendous morbidity, mortality, and financial burden by preventing otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. Oligopeptide permease A (OppA) is a candidate vaccine antigen that is (i) a nutritional virulence factor expressed on the bacterial cell surface during infection, (ii) widely conserved among strains, (iii) highly immunogenic, and (iv) a protective antigen based on its capacity to induce protective responses in immunized animals. In the present study, we show that the antibodies to OppA following vaccination mediate accelerated clearance in animals after pulmonary challenge. To identify regions of OppA that bind protective antibodies, truncated constructs of OppA were engineered and studied to map regions of OppA with surface-accessible epitopes that bind high-avidity antibodies following vaccination. Protective epitopes were located in the N and C termini of the protein. Immunization of mice with constructs corresponding to these regions (T5 and T8) induced protective responses. Studies of overlapping peptide libraries of constructs T5 and T8 with OppA immune serum identified two discrete regions on each construct. These potentially protective regions were mapped on a three-dimensional computational model of OppA, where regions with solvent-accessible amino acids were identified as three potentially protective epitopes. In all, these studies revealed two regions with three specific epitopes in OppA that induce potentially protective antibody responses following vaccination. Detection of antibodies to these regions could serve to guide vaccine formulation and as a diagnostic tool for monitoring development of protective responses during clinical trials.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yoon SH, Hong YH, Lee HK, Lee JH, Shin M. A survey of the domestic epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of pertussis. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2018. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2018.6.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seock Hwa Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Yong Hee Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Gumi, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Gumi, Korea
| | - Meeyong Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rice T, Kampmann B, Holder B. One size fits all? Antibody avidity measurement against multiple antigens in maternal vaccination studies. Virulence 2017; 8:1066-1068. [PMID: 28441089 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1321192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rice
- a Paediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases , Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Beate Kampmann
- a Paediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases , Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Beth Holder
- a Paediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases , Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caboré RN, Maertens K, Dobly A, Leuridan E, Van Damme P, Huygen K. Influence of maternal vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis on the avidity of infant antibody responses to a pertussis containing vaccine in Belgium. Virulence 2017; 8:1245-1254. [PMID: 28277900 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1296998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal antibodies induced by vaccination during pregnancy cross the placental barrier and can close the susceptibility gap to pertussis in young infants up to the start of primary immunization. As not only the quantity but also the quality of circulating antibodies is important for protection, we assessed whether maternal immunization affects the avidity of infant vaccine-induced IgG antibodies, in the frame of a prospective clinical trial on pregnancy vaccination in Belgium. Infants born from Tdap (Boostrix®) vaccinated (N = 55) and unvaccinated (N = 26) mothers were immunized with a hexavalent pertussis containing vaccine (Infanrix Hexa®) at 8, 12 and 16 weeks, followed by a fourth dose at 15 months of age. Right before and one month after this fourth vaccine dose, the avidity of IgG antibodies against diphtheria toxin (DT), tetanus toxin (TT), pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (Prn) was determined using 1.5 M ammonium thiocyanate as dissociating agent. In both groups, antibody avidity was moderate for TT, PT, FHA and Prn and low for DT after priming. After a fourth dose, antibody avidity increased significantly to high avidity for TT and PT, whereas it remained moderate for FHA and Prn and low for DT. The avidity correlated positively with antibody level in both study groups, yet not significantly for PT. When comparing both study groups, only PT-specific antibodies showed significantly lower avidity in infants born from vaccinated than from unvaccinated mothers after the fourth vaccine dose. The clinical significance of lower avidity of vaccine induced infant antibodies after maternal vaccination, if any, needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raïssa Nadège Caboré
- a National Reference Centre for Bordetella & National Reference Centre for Toxigenic Corynebacteria , Scientific Service Immunology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Kirsten Maertens
- b Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination , Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Alexandre Dobly
- c Scientific Service Biological Standardisation , Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Elke Leuridan
- b Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination , Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- b Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination , Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Kris Huygen
- a National Reference Centre for Bordetella & National Reference Centre for Toxigenic Corynebacteria , Scientific Service Immunology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
From Immunologically Archaic to Neoteric Glycovaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5010004. [PMID: 28134792 PMCID: PMC5371740 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides (PS) are present in the outermost surface of bacteria and readily come in contact with immune cells. They interact with specific antibodies, which in turn confer protection from infections. Vaccines with PS from pneumococci, meningococci, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Salmonella typhi may be protective, although with the important constraint of failing to generate permanent immunological memory. This limitation has in part been circumvented by conjugating glycovaccines to proteins that stimulate T helper cells and facilitate the establishment of immunological memory. Currently, protection evoked by conjugated PS vaccines lasts for a few years. The same approach failed with PS from staphylococci, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Klebsiella. All those germs cause severe infections in humans and often develop resistance to antibiotic therapy. Thereby, prevention is of increasing importance to better control outbreaks. As only 23 of more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes and 4 of 13 clinically relevant Neisseria meningitidis serogroups are covered by available vaccines there is still tremendous clinical need for PS vaccines. This review focuses on glycovaccines and the immunological mechanisms for their success or failure. We discuss recent advances that may facilitate generation of high affinity anti-PS antibodies and confer specific immunity and long-lasting protection.
Collapse
|