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Jaikishan S, Lavainne M, Ravald HK, Scobbie K, Dusa F, Maheswari R, Turpeinen J, Eikemans I, Chen R, Rantala J, Aseyev V, Maier NN, Wiedmer SK. Fragment-based approach to study fungicide-biomimetic membrane interactions. SOFT MATTER 2024. [PMID: 39012330 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the molecular interactions of the allylamine-type fungicide butenafine and a set of substructures ("fragments") with liposomes mimicking biological membranes were studied to gain a better understanding of the structural factors governing membrane affinity and perturbation. Specifically, drug/fragment-membrane interactions were investigated using an interdisciplinary approach involving micro differential scanning calorimetry, open-tubular capillary electrochromatography, nanoplasmonic sensing, and quartz crystal microbalance. By incubating the drug and the fragment compounds with liposomes with varying lipid composition or by externally adding the compounds to preformed liposomes, a detailed mechanistic picture on the underlying drug/fragment-membrane interactions was obtained. The nature and the degree of ionisation of polar head groups of the lipids had a major influence on the nature of drug-membrane interactions, and so had the presence and relative concentration of cholesterol within the membranes. The in-depth understanding of drug/fragment-membranes interactions established by the presented interdisciplinary fragment-based approach may be useful in guiding the design and early-stage evaluation of prospective antifungal drug candidates, and the discovery of agents with improved membrane penetrating characteristics in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Jaikishan
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marine Lavainne
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Henri K Ravald
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kieran Scobbie
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Filip Dusa
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Rekha Maheswari
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jenni Turpeinen
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ian Eikemans
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Julia Rantala
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Norbert N Maier
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Susanne K Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Wu Y, Sun A, Chen F, Zhao Y, Zhu X, Zhang T, Ni G, Wang R. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and biological evaluation of indole derivatives as anti-Candida albicans agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107293. [PMID: 38507998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized a series of indole derivatives to cope with the current increasing fungal infections caused by drug-resistant Candida albicans. All compounds were evaluated for antifungal activities against Candida albicans in vitro, and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) were analyzed. The results indicated that indole derivatives used either alone or in combination with fluconazole showed good activities against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Further mechanisms studies demonstrated that compound 1 could inhibit yeast-to-hypha transition and biofilm formation of Candida albicans, increase the activity of the efflux pump, the damage of mitochondrial function, and the decrease of intracellular ATP content. In vivo studies, further proved the anti-Candida albicans activity of compound 1 by histological observation. Therefore, compound 1 could be considered as a novel antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Aimei Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xianhu Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tianbao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guanghui Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Ruirui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
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Lu P, Liang Z, Zhang Z, Yang J, Song F, Zhou T, Li J, Zhang J. Novel nanomicelle butenafine formulation for ocular drug delivery against fungal keratitis: In Vitro and In Vivo study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106629. [PMID: 37918544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is a serious infectious corneal disease that leads to blindness. Butenafine (BTF) is an allylamine drug with high antifungal activity, but its poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its clinical application in ophthalmology. To increase its aqueous solubility and corneal permeability, butenafine was encapsulated in d-ɑ-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) polymeric nanomicelles to improve the bioavailability of the drug for the treatment of FK. Butenafine was successfully fabricated into nanomicelles with a high EE of 96.34 ± 1.65 % and DL of 6.71 ± 0.099 %. The BTF-NM showed an average particle size of 13.12 ± 0.24 nm, a zeta potential of -0.56 ± 0.44 mV and a narrow PDI of 0.12 ± 0.02 with a nearly spherical shape. The characterization results of FTIR, XRD and DSC indicated that BTF was encapsulated in the TPGS nanomicelles. The BTF-NM formulation also showed high storage stability, and the in vitro drug release study showed typical biphasic-release characteristics. In addition, the BTF-NM formulation displayed good cellular tolerance and excellent ocular tolerance in rabbits. Significantly elevated in vitro antifungal activity was also observed in the BTF-NM formulation, and remarkable improvements regarding in vivo corneal permeation were observed compared with the BTF suspension formulation. Finally, the in vivo antifungal activity studies indicated that the BTF-NM formulation had a good therapeutic effect on FK and had similar efficacy to that of commercial natamycin suspension eye drops. These results suggest that the BTF-NM ophthalmic formulation could be a promising ocular drug delivery system for the treatment of FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Fei Song
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Tianyang Zhou
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jingguo Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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Santos AS, Borges Dos Anjos LR, Costa VAF, Freitas VAQ, Zara ALDSA, Costa CR, Neves BJ, Silva MDRR. In silico-chemogenomic repurposing of new chemical scaffolds for histoplasmosis treatment. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101363. [PMID: 36842411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is a systemic form of endemic mycosis to the American continent and may be lethal to people living with HIV/AIDS. The drugs available for treating histoplasmosis are limited, costly, and highly toxic. New drug development is time-consuming and costly; hence, drug repositioning is an advantageous strategy for discovering new therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to identify drugs that can be repositioned for treating histoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. METHODS Homologous proteins among Histoplasma capsulatum strains were selected and used to search for homologous targets in the DrugBank and Therapeutic Target Database. Essential genes were selected using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, and functional regions of the therapeutic targets were analyzed. The antifungal activity of the selected drugs was verified, and homology modeling and molecular docking were performed to verify the interactions between the drugs with low inhibitory concentration values and their corresponding targets. RESULTS We selected 149 approved drugs with potential activity against histoplasmosis, among which eight were selected for evaluating their in vitro activity. For drugs with low minimum inhibitory concentration values, such as mebendazole, everolimus, butenafine, and bifonazole, molecular docking studies were performed. A chemogenomic framework revealed lanosterol 14-α-demethylase, squalene monooxygenase, serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR, and the β-4B tubulin chain of H. capsulatum, respectively, as the protein targets of the drugs. CONCLUSIONS Our strategy can be used to identify promising antifungal targets, and drugs with repositioning potential for treating H. capsulatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Santana Santos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health (IPTSP), Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Carolina Rodrigues Costa
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health (IPTSP), Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Bruno Junior Neves
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics (LabChem), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Carbonaceous nanomaterials integrated carbon paste sensors for adsorptive anodic voltammetric determination of butenafine in the presence of its degradation product. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hammoudi Halat D, Younes S, Mourad N, Rahal M. Allylamines, Benzylamines, and Fungal Cell Permeability: A Review of Mechanistic Effects and Usefulness against Fungal Pathogens. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121171. [PMID: 36557078 PMCID: PMC9781035 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Allylamines, naftifine and terbinafine, and the benzylamine, butenafine, are antifungal agents with activity on the fungal cell membrane. These synthetic compounds specifically inhibit squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal sterol biosynthesis. This results in a deficiency in ergosterol, a major fungal membrane sterol that regulates membrane fluidity, biogenesis, and functions, and whose damage results in increased membrane permeability and leakage of cellular components, ultimately leading to fungal cell death. With the fungal cell membrane being predominantly made up of lipids including sterols, these lipids have a vital role in the pathogenesis of fungal infections and the identification of improved therapies. This review will focus on the fungal cell membrane structure, activity of allylamines and benzylamines, and the mechanistic damage they cause to the membrane. Furthermore, pharmaceutical preparations and clinical uses of these drugs, mainly in dermatophyte infections, will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
| | - Samar Younes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
| | - Nisreen Mourad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
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Hu Q, Xiong Y, Zhu GH, Zhang YN, Zhang YW, Huang P, Ge GB. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro): Structure, function, and emerging therapies for COVID-19. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e151. [PMID: 35845352 PMCID: PMC9283855 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main proteases (Mpro), also termed 3‐chymotrypsin‐like proteases (3CLpro), are a class of highly conserved cysteine hydrolases in β‐coronaviruses. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that 3CLpros play an indispensable role in viral replication and have been recognized as key targets for preventing and treating coronavirus‐caused infectious diseases, including COVID‐19. This review is focused on the structural features and biological function of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) main protease Mpro (also known as 3CLpro), as well as recent advances in discovering and developing SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro inhibitors. To better understand the characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro inhibitors, the inhibition activities, inhibitory mechanisms, and key structural features of various 3CLpro inhibitors (including marketed drugs, peptidomimetic, and non‐peptidomimetic synthetic compounds, as well as natural compounds and their derivatives) are summarized comprehensively. Meanwhile, the challenges in this field are highlighted, while future directions for designing and developing efficacious 3CLpro inhibitors as novel anti‐coronavirus therapies are also proposed. Collectively, all information and knowledge presented here are very helpful for understanding the structural features and inhibitory mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro inhibitors, which offers new insights or inspiration to medicinal chemists for designing and developing more efficacious 3CLpro inhibitors as novel anti‐coronavirus agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China.,Clinical Pharmacy Center Cancer Center Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ya-Ni Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center Cancer Center Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ping Huang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center Cancer Center Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
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Formulation and Optimization of Butenafine-Loaded Topical Nano Lipid Carrier-Based Gel: Characterization, Irritation Study, and Anti-Fungal Activity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071087. [PMID: 34371777 PMCID: PMC8309199 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to prepare and optimize butenafine hydrochloride NLCs formulation using solid and liquid lipid. The optimized selected BF-NLCopt was further converted into Carbopol-based gel for topical application for the treatment of fungal infection. Box Behnken design was employed to optimize the nanostructure lipids carriers (NLCs) using the lipid content (A), Tween 80 (B), and homogenization cycle (C) as formulation factors at three levels. Their effects were observed on the particle size (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2). The selected formulation was converted into gel and further assessed for gel characterization, drug release, anti-fungal study, irritation study, and stability study. The solid lipid (Compritol 888 ATO), liquid lipid (Labrasol), and surfactant (tween 80) were selected based on maximum solubility. The optimization result showed a particle size of 111 nm with high entrapment efficiency of 86.35% for BF-NLCopt. The optimized BF-NLCopt converted to gel (1% w/v, Carbopol 934) and showed ideal gel evaluation results (drug content 99.45 ± 2.11, pH 6.5 ± 0.2, viscosity 519 ± 1.43 CPs). The drug release study result depicted a prolonged drug release (65.09 ± 4.37%) with high drug permeation 641.37 ± 46.59 µg (32.07 ± 2.32%) than BF conventional gel. The low value of irritation score (0.17) exhibited negligible irritation on the skin after application. The anti-fungal result showed greater efficacy than the BF gel at both time points. The overall conclusion of the results revealed NLCs-based gel of BF as an ideal delivery system to treat the fungal infection.
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Feltrin S, Ravera F, Traversone N, Ferrando L, Bedognetti D, Ballestrero A, Zoppoli G. Sterol synthesis pathway inhibition as a target for cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:19-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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