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Lu P, Liang Z, Zhang Z, Yang J, Song F, Zhou T, Li J, Zhang J. Novel nanomicelle butenafine formulation for ocular drug delivery against fungal keratitis: In Vitro and In Vivo study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106629. [PMID: 37918544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is a serious infectious corneal disease that leads to blindness. Butenafine (BTF) is an allylamine drug with high antifungal activity, but its poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its clinical application in ophthalmology. To increase its aqueous solubility and corneal permeability, butenafine was encapsulated in d-ɑ-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) polymeric nanomicelles to improve the bioavailability of the drug for the treatment of FK. Butenafine was successfully fabricated into nanomicelles with a high EE of 96.34 ± 1.65 % and DL of 6.71 ± 0.099 %. The BTF-NM showed an average particle size of 13.12 ± 0.24 nm, a zeta potential of -0.56 ± 0.44 mV and a narrow PDI of 0.12 ± 0.02 with a nearly spherical shape. The characterization results of FTIR, XRD and DSC indicated that BTF was encapsulated in the TPGS nanomicelles. The BTF-NM formulation also showed high storage stability, and the in vitro drug release study showed typical biphasic-release characteristics. In addition, the BTF-NM formulation displayed good cellular tolerance and excellent ocular tolerance in rabbits. Significantly elevated in vitro antifungal activity was also observed in the BTF-NM formulation, and remarkable improvements regarding in vivo corneal permeation were observed compared with the BTF suspension formulation. Finally, the in vivo antifungal activity studies indicated that the BTF-NM formulation had a good therapeutic effect on FK and had similar efficacy to that of commercial natamycin suspension eye drops. These results suggest that the BTF-NM ophthalmic formulation could be a promising ocular drug delivery system for the treatment of FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Fei Song
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Tianyang Zhou
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jingguo Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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Abstract
The present research work is designed to prepare and optimize butenafine (BT) loaded poly lactic co glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (BT-NPs). BT-NPs were prepared by emulsification probe sonication method using PLGA (A), PVA (B) as polymer and stabilizer, respectively. The optimum composition of BT-NPs was selected based on the point prediction method given by the Box Behnken design software. The optimized composition of BT-NPop showed a particle size of 267.21 ± 3.54 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 72.43 ± 3.11%. The optimum composition of BT-NPop was further converted into gel formulation using chitosan as a natural polymer. The prepared topical gel formulation (BT-NPopG) was further evaluated for gel characterization, drug release, permeation study, irritation, and antifungal studies. The prepared BT-NPopG formulation showed optimum pH, viscosity, spreadability, and drug content. The release and permeation study results revealed slow BT release (42.76 ± 2.87%) with significantly enhanced permeation across the egg membrane. The irritation study data showed negligible irritation with a cumulative score of 0.33. The antifungal study results conclude higher activity than marketed as well as pure BT. The overall conclusion of the results revealed BT-NPopG as an ideal delivery system to treat topical fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Porras AMG, Terra BS, Braga TC, Magalhães TFF, Martins CVB, da Silva DL, Baltazar LM, Gouveia LF, de Freitas GJC, Santos DA, Resende-Stoianoff MA, Fuchs BB, Mylonakis E, de Freitas RP, de Fátima Â. Butenafine and analogues: An expeditious synthesis and cytotoxicity and antifungal activities. J Adv Res 2018; 14:81-91. [PMID: 30009053 PMCID: PMC6041462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of fungal infections is considered a serious public health problem worldwide. The limited number of antimycotic drugs available to treat human and animal mycosis, the undesirable side effects and toxicities of the currently available drugs, and the emergence of fungal resistance emphasizes the urgent need for more effective antimycotic medicines. In this paper, we describe a rapid, simple, and efficient synthetic route for preparation of the antifungal agent butenafine on a multigram scale. This novel synthetic route also facilitated the preparation of 17 butenafine analogues using Schiff bases as precursors in three steps or less. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated against the yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complexes and the filamentous fungi Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum. Amine 4bd, a demethylated analogue of butenafine, and its corresponding hydrochloride salt showed low toxicity in vitro and in vivo while maintaining inhibitory activity against filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Silva Terra
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Taniris Cafiero Braga
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais Furtado Ferreira Magalhães
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Cleide Viviane Buzanello Martins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Centro de Engenharias e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Toledo, PR, Brazil
| | - Danielle Letícia da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ludmila Matos Baltazar
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Beth Burgwyn Fuchs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Bezerra-Souza A, Yamamoto ES, Laurenti MD, Ribeiro SP, Passero LFD. The antifungal compound butenafine eliminates promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:702-707. [PMID: 27546158 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The production of ergosterol lipid, important for the Leishmania membrane homeostasis, involves different enzymes. This pathway can be blocked to azoles and allylamines drugs, such as Butenafine. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the anti-leishmanicidal activity of this drug in 2 major species of Leishmania responsible for causing the American tegumentar leishmaniasis (L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis). Butenafine eliminated promastigote forms of L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis with efficacy similar to miltefosine, a standard anti-leishmania drug. In addition, butenafine induced alterations in promastigote forms of L. amazonensis that resemble programmed cell death. Butenafine as well as miltefosine presented mild toxicity in peritoneal macrophages, however, butenafine was more effective to eliminate intracellular amastigotes of both L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis, and this effect was not associated with elevated levels of nitric oxide or hydrogen peroxide. Taken together, data presented herein suggests that butenafine can be considered as a prototype drug able to eliminate L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis, etiological agents of anergic diffuse and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bezerra-Souza
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia D Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Susan P Ribeiro
- Case Western Reserve University, Pathology Department, Cleveland, USA; Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, LIM60, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe D Passero
- São Vicente Unit, Paulista Coastal Campus, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
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Thaker SJ, Mehta DS, Shah HA, Dave JN, Kikani KM. A comparative study to evaluate efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness between Whitfield's ointment + oral fluconazole versus topical 1% butenafine in tinea infections of skin. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 45:622-4. [PMID: 24347774 PMCID: PMC3847256 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.121378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of topical Whitfield's ointment plus oral fluconazole with topical 1% butenafine in tinea infections of the skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were randomly allocated to the two treatment groups and advised to apply either agent topically twice-a-day for 4 weeks on the lesions and fluconazole (150 mg) was administered once a week for 4 weeks in the study group applying Whitfield's ointment. Patients were followed-up at an interval of 10 days for clinical score and global evaluation response was assessed at baseline and during each follow-up. RESULTS Out of 120 patients enrolled in the study 103 completed the study. Patients treated with Whitfield's ointment and oral fluconazole reduced mean sign and symptom score from 8.81 ± 0.82 to 0.18 ± 0.59 while butenafine treated patients reduced it from 8.88 ± 0.53 to 0.31 ± 0.67 at the end of the treatment. Nearly, 98% patients were completely cleared of the lesion on the 3(rd) follow-up with both treatments. CONCLUSION Whitfield's ointment with oral fluconazole is as efficacious, safe and cost-effective as compared with 1% butenafine in tinea infections of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saket J Thaker
- Department of Pharmacology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dimple S Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hiral A Shah
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayendra N Dave
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kunjan M Kikani
- Department of Microbiology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
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Thaker SJ, Mehta DS, Shah HA, Dave JN, Mundhava SG. A comparative randomized open label study to evaluate efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness between topical 2% sertaconazole and topical 1% butenafine in tinea infections of skin. Indian J Dermatol 2013; 58:451-6. [PMID: 24249897 PMCID: PMC3827517 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.119955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dermatophytoses are the superficial fungal infections of skin, hair, and nail. Butenafine is a benzylamine group of antifungal that inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol by blocking squalene epoxidase. Sertaconazole is a newer imidazole antifungal which inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting 14-α lanosterol demethylase. The study was done to compare a newer antifungal with a relatively older one. Aim: To compare the efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness of topical 2% sertaconazole cream and 1% butenafine in tinea infections of skin. Materials and Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups. They were advised to apply the drug topically twice a day for one month on the lesions. They were followed up at an interval of 10 days. Clinical score and Global Evaluation Response were assessed at baseline and during each follow up. Results: A total 125 patients were recruited, out of them 111 completed the whole study. Median Sign and Symptom Score of tinea on the baseline was 9 [5,9] that was reduced to 0 [0,4] by 2% sertaconazole while it was 9 [6,9] in the butenafine group on the baseline that was reduced to 0 [0,6] at the end of the treatment. 98% and 90% of the patients got complete clearance of the lesions with butenafine and sertaconazole, respectively. Treatment with butenafine was more cost effective as compared to sertaconazole. Conclusion: 1% butenafine is more efficacious, cost effective, and equally safe as compared to 2% sertaconazole in the tinea infections of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saket J Thaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Dermatology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
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Miron D, Cornelio R, Troleis J, Mariath J, Zimmer AR, Mayorga P, Schapoval EE. Influence of penetration enhancers and molecular weight in antifungals permeation through bovine hoof membranes and prediction of efficacy in human nails. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 51:20-5. [PMID: 23999034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different substances on the permeation of geraniol through bovine hoof membranes. Different penetration enhancers were able to increase the permeability up to 25 times compared to control. It was demonstrated that acetilcysteine in association with ascorbic acid increased the permeation, even in acid formulations. In addition, some antifungal drugs were incorporated into a gel formulation of HPMC containing acetylcysteine 5% and ascorbic acid 0.2% and then the permeation coefficient through bovine hoof membranes was evaluated. The relationship between permeability and molecular weight was established for fluconazole, miconazole, terbinafine, butenafine, geraniol and nerol. Geraniol and nerol, the antifungals with lower molecular weight, had the better permeability results. Permeability coefficients for nail plates were estimated and geraniol demonstrated similar or even better efficacy index values against T. rubrum, T. menthagrophytes and M. canis compared with terbinafine and miconazole.
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