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Abdullahi AA, Saleh TA. Synthesis of aminopropyl triethoxysilane/melamine incorporated superhydrophilic membranes for simultaneous removal of oil, metals, and Salt ions from produced water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121603. [PMID: 38963967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Water treatment has turned out to be more important in most societies due to the expansion of most economies and to advancement of industrialization. Developing efficient materials and technologies for water treatment is of high interest. Thin film nanocomposite membranes are regarded as the most effective membranes available for salts, hydrocarbon, and environmental pollutants removal. These membranes improve productivity while using less energy than conventional asymmetric membranes. Here, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have been successfully modified via dip single-step coating by silica-aminopropyl triethoxysilane/trimesic acid/melamine nanocomposite (Si-APTES-TA-MM). The developed membranes were evaluated for separating the emulsified oil/water mixture, the surface wettability of the membrane materials is therefore essential. During the conditioning step, that is when the freshwater was introduced, the prepared membrane reached a flux of about 27.77 L m-2 h-1. However, when the contaminated water was introduced, the flux reached 18 L m-2 h-1, alongside an applied pressure of 400 kPa. Interestingly, during the first 8 h of the filtration test, the membrane showed 90 % rejection for ions including Mg2+, and SO42- and ≈100 % for organic pollutants including pentane, isooctane, toluene, and hexadecane. Also, the membrane showed 98 % rejection for heavy metals including strontium, lead, and cobalt ions. As per the results, the membrane could be recommended as a promising candidate to be used for a mixture of salt ions, hydrocarbons, and mixtures of heavy metals from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas A Abdullahi
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Khalil A, Maschietti M, Muff J. Influence of graphene oxide additives on the NF separation of triazine-based H 2S scavenging compounds using advanced membrane technology. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142439. [PMID: 38797201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This work proposes an innovative approach for the membrane separation of spent and unspent H2S scavengers (SUS) derived from the application of MEA-triazine in offshore oil and gas production. Modified nanofiltration membranes were fabricated by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into a thin film composite (TFC) to obtain a thin film nanocomposite (TFN) with enhanced permeability. In addition, various immobilization strategies for GO were investigated. The performance of the membranes and the effect of the GO loading were evaluated in terms of permeability, fouling propensity, and rejection of key components of the SUS, i.e., MEA-triazine (unspent scavenger), dithiazine (spent scavenger), and monoethanolamine, operating on a sample of SUS wastewater obtained from an offshore oil and gas platform. Various characterization techniques, such as contact angle, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and AFM, were employed to evaluate the structure, composition, and hydrophilicity of the membrane. The results show a remarkable increase in permeability (from 0.22 Lm-2 h-1 bar-1 for the TFC to 5.8 Lm-2 h-1 bar-1 for the TFN membranes), due to the enhanced hydrophilicity from GO incorporation. The strong interfacial interaction between GO and PVA within the TFN membrane results in negligible nanofiller leaching. The incorporation of GO moderately increases the rejection of the unspent scavenger (63%-73%, 62%-79%, 62%-80%, and 68%-76%), while drastically increasing the rejection of the spent scavenger, which is approximately null for the TFC membrane without GO and increases up to 58% in the TFN membrane with GO. Therefore, while the proposed membranes cannot be used for the selective separation of the unspent form the spent scavenger, they can achieve substantial recovery of all the key components contained in the SUS to avoid their discharge into the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Khalil
- Section of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark; Center for Membrane Technology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Marco Maschietti
- Section of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jens Muff
- Section of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark; Center for Membrane Technology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark
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3
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Hamza A, Ho KC, Chan MK. Recent development of substrates for immobilization of bimetallic nanoparticles for wastewater treatment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40873-40902. [PMID: 38839740 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) have gained considerable attention due to their remarkable catalytic properties, making them invaluable in wastewater treatment applications. One of these challenges lies in the propensity of BMNPs to aggregate due to Van der Waals interactions, which can reduce their overall performance. Additionally, retrieving exhausted NPs from the treated solution for subsequent reuse remains a significant hurdle. Moreover, the leaching of NPs into the discharged wastewater can have harmful effects on humans as well as aquatic life. To overcome these issues, various substrates have been researched to maximize the efficiency and stability of the NPs. This review paper delves into the pivotal role of various substrates in immobilizing BMNPs, providing a comprehensive analysis of their performances, advantages, and drawbacks. The substrates encompass a diverse range of materials, including organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic, beads, fibers, and membranes. Each substrate type offers unique attributes, influencing the stability, efficiency, and recyclability of BMNPs. This review paper aims to provide an up-to-date and detailed analysis and comparison of the substrates used for the immobilization of BMNPs. This work further reviews the underlying mechanisms of the composites involved in treating pollutants from wastewater and how these mechanisms are enhanced by the synergistic effects produced by the substrate and BMNPs. Furthermore, the reusability and sustainability of these composites are discussed. Also, high-performing substrates are highlighted to give direction to future research focusing on the immobilization of BMNPs in the application of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hamza
- Centre for Water Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, SEGi University, Jalan Teknologi, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kah Chun Ho
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Clean Technology Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mieow Kee Chan
- Centre for Water Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, SEGi University, Jalan Teknologi, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Ahmed MA, Amin S, Mohamed AA. Fouling in reverse osmosis membranes: monitoring, characterization, mitigation strategies and future directions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14908. [PMID: 37064488 PMCID: PMC10102236 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity has been a global challenge for many countries over the past decades, and as a result, reverse osmosis (RO) has emerged as a promising and cost-effective tool for water desalination and wastewater remediation. Currently, RO accounts for >65% of the worldwide desalination capacity; however, membrane fouling is a major issue in RO processes. Fouling reduces the membrane's lifespan and permeability, while also increases the operating pressure and chemical cleaning frequency. Overall, fouling reduces the quality and quantity of desalinated water, and thus hinders the sustainable application of RO membranes by disturbing its efficacy and economic aspects. Fouling arises from various physicochemical interactions between water pollutants and membrane materials leading to foulants' accumulation onto the membrane surfaces and/or inside the membrane pores. The current review illustrates the main types of particulates, organic, inorganic and biological foulants, along with the major factors affecting its formation and development. Moreover, the currently used monitoring methods, characterization techniques and the potential mitigation strategies of membrane fouling are reviewed. Further, the still-faced challenges and the future research on RO membrane fouling are addressed.
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Dehnou KH, Norouzi GS, Majidipour M. A review: studying the effect of graphene nanoparticles on mechanical, physical and thermal properties of polylactic acid polymer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3976-4006. [PMID: 36756574 PMCID: PMC9891084 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a linear aliphatic polyester thermoplastic made from renewable sources such as sugar beet and cornstarch. Methods of preparation of polylactic acid are biological and chemical. The advantages of polylactic acid are biocompatibility, easily processing, low energy loss, transparency, high strength, resistance to water and fat penetration and low consumption of carbon dioxide during production. However, polylactic acid has disadvantages such as hydrophobicity, fragility at room temperature, low thermal resistance, slow degradation rate, permeability to gases, lack of active groups and chemical neutrality. To overcome the limitations of PLA, such as low thermal stability and inability to absorb gases, nanoparticles such as graphene are added to improve its properties. Extensive research has been done on the introduction of graphene nanoparticles in PLA, and all of these studies have been studied. In this study, we intend to study a comprehensive study of the effect of graphene nanoparticles on the mechanical, thermal, structural and rheological properties of PLA/Gr nanocomposites and also the effect of UV rays on the mechanical properties of PLA/Gr nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kianoush Hatami Dehnou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | - Ghazal Saki Norouzi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University Iran
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6
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Mushtaq A, Cho H, Ryu H, Ahmed MA, Saif Ur Rehman M, Han JI. Novel metallic stainless-steel mesh-supported conductive membrane and its performance in the electro-filtration process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136160. [PMID: 36030940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of a thoroughly metallic electro-conductive membrane by using simple filtration to uniformly coat AgNWs dispersion through stainless steel (SUS)-mesh, which functions both as filter and a flexible conductive substrate. The as-prepared AgNWs networks layer on the SUS-mesh was further strengthened by electroplating Ag layers (P-SUS membrane); exhibiting an overall electrical conductivity of 9.2 × 104 S/m, which is up to 42 times greater than the conductivity of pristine SUS-mesh. The P-SUS membrane exhibited adequate physical durability against chemical and mechanical stresses under prolonged filtration, and high pure water flux of 534 ± 54 LMH/bar. This electro-membrane displayed the anticipated flux recovery in harvesting microalgae (Chlorella sp. HS-2) when filtration was done with the membrane used as a cathode: micro-sized bubbles, generated from the cathodic membrane, functioned to detach the foulants and recover the relative flux to a significant level. The P-SUS membrane indeed possesses necessary traits that the polymer-support membrane lacks, in terms of not only electrical conductivity and mechanical strength but also filtration performance with anti-fouling capability, all of which are of necessity to be considered workable electroconductive membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Mushtaq
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Hoon Cho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ajaz Ahmed
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 232-916, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Review on Thin-film Nanocomposite Membranes with Various Quantum Dots for Water Treatments. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Khoo YS, Goh PS, Lau WJ, Ismail AF, Abdullah MS, Mohd Ghazali NH, Yahaya NKEM, Hashim N, Othman AR, Mohammed A, Kerisnan NDA, Mohamed Yusoff MA, Fazlin Hashim NH, Karim J, Abdullah NS. Removal of emerging organic micropollutants via modified-reverse osmosis/nanofiltration membranes: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135151. [PMID: 35654232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous micropollutants (MPs) such as pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), pesticides and personal care products (PCPs) have emerged as a critical concern nowadays for acquiring clean and safe water resources. In the last few decades, innumerable water treatment methods involving biodegradation, adsorption and advanced oxidation process have been utilized for the removal of MPs. Of these methods, membrane technology has proven to be a promising technique for the removal of MPs due to its sustainability, high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Herein, the aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review regarding the MPs rejection mechanisms of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes after incorporation of nanomaterials and also surface modification atop the PA layer. Size exclusion, adsorption and electrostatic charge interaction mechanisms play important roles in governing the MP removal rate. In addition, this review also discusses the state-of-the-art research on the surface modification of thin film composite (TFC) membrane and nanomaterials-incorporated thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane in enhancing MPs removal performance. It is hoped that this review can provide insights in modifying the physicochemical properties of NF and RO membranes to achieve better performance in water treatment process, particularly for the removal of emerging hazardous substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Siew Khoo
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Sohaimi Abdullah
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hisham Mohd Ghazali
- National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, Rizab Melayu Sungai Kuyoh, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nasehir Khan E M Yahaya
- National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, Rizab Melayu Sungai Kuyoh, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norbaya Hashim
- National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, Rizab Melayu Sungai Kuyoh, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Rozian Othman
- Sewerage Service Department (JPP), Block B, Level 2 & 3, Atmosphere PjH No 2, Jalan Tun Abdul Razak, Precinct 2, 62100, Federal Territory, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Alias Mohammed
- Sewerage Service Department (JPP), Block B, Level 2 & 3, Atmosphere PjH No 2, Jalan Tun Abdul Razak, Precinct 2, 62100, Federal Territory, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Nirmala Devi A/P Kerisnan
- Sewerage Service Department (JPP), Block B, Level 2 & 3, Atmosphere PjH No 2, Jalan Tun Abdul Razak, Precinct 2, 62100, Federal Territory, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Azroie Mohamed Yusoff
- National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, Rizab Melayu Sungai Kuyoh, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Haza Fazlin Hashim
- National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, Rizab Melayu Sungai Kuyoh, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Karim
- National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, Rizab Melayu Sungai Kuyoh, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Salmi Abdullah
- National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, Rizab Melayu Sungai Kuyoh, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
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9
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Saka A, Gudata L, Jule LT, Seeivasan V, N N, Ramaswamy K. Synthesis of nano-sized lead sulfide thin films from Avocado (Glycosmis cochinchinensis) Leaf extracts to empower pollution remediation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11710. [PMID: 35810188 PMCID: PMC9271032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The translucent and nano-crystalline PbS films were equipped with the CBD techniques on metal substrates by the temperature of 90 °C through aqueous solutions of Lead Nitrate and Thiourea. The XRD phases verify the crystalline property of synthesized thin films that the shape falls in the cubic structures with favourite orientations. It revealed that the prepared material is cubic crystal oriented as (111), (110), (100) and (101) crystal planes. The crystalline size varied between 0.4 and 0.7 nm. The band gap was assessed using UV-vis captivation spectra and Tau relations. The average energy band gap was found to be 2.43 eV which is greater than bulk materials of PbS; because of quantum confinements of Lead Sulfide Nano Crystalline thin films, and PL also confirms this result. The variation in band gap with Leaf extracts and particle sizes displayed blue shifts characteristic of electrons quantum confinements. SEM micrograph shows extremely uniform and adherent PbS films are found at higher PH values. It was evidently observed that the viscosity of the synthesized thin films reduced from 563 to 111 nm with a rise in pH value. The sample prepared at pH 4 shows good performance, and thin films deposited from Avocado (Glycosmis cochinchinensis) leaf extracts are a promising method to empower pollution remediation and future energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Saka
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dolo, Ethiopia
| | - Lamessa Gudata
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dolo, Ethiopia
| | - Leta Tesfaye Jule
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dolo, Ethiopia.,Centre for Excellence in Technology Transfer and Incubation, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dolo, Ethiopia
| | - Venkatesh Seeivasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India
| | - Nagaprasad N
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ULTRA College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamilnadu, 625 104, India
| | - Krishnaraj Ramaswamy
- Centre for Excellence in Technology Transfer and Incubation, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dolo, Ethiopia. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Science, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dolo, Ethiopia.
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10
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Synthesis and Hydrodynamic Modeling Study of Epoxy/Carbon Nanospheres (Epoxy-CNS) Composite Coatings for Water Filtration Applications. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Coatings for filtration applications based on epoxy resin mixtures with isopropanol were synthesized using the dip-coating technique. The nanomaterials used were carbon nanospheres (CNS) synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and commercially obtained Vulcan XC-72 (VC). The permeation flux and permeability of the coatings were determined by vacuum filtration of pure water applying different working pressures obtaining maximum values of 0.5555 cm3/s and 1.19 × 10−9 m2, respectively, for the CNS6 coating at 26,664 Pa. The minimum values obtained for the permeation flux and permeability were 0.0011 cm3/s and 1.21 × 10−11 m2, for the coating CNS3 at 39,996 Pa. This study analyzed the effect of nanomaterials and the addition of isopropanol at different volumes on the permeability of the coatings. The results show that the permeability was influenced by the number of pores present rather than by their diameter. The number of pores were obtained between the ranges 1–12 μm for all the coatings. The study of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) through a free and porous medium, showed that it is possible to accurately determine flow velocities (m/s) through and inside the composite coatings. Understanding the flow behavior is a practical strategy to predict the performance of new nanocomposite coatings.
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11
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Rezvani Ghomi E, Nouri Khorasani S, Koochaki MS, Dinari M, Ataei S, Enayati MH, Das O, Esmaeely Neisiany R. Synthesis of TiO 2 nanogel composite for highly efficient self-healing epoxy coating. J Adv Res 2022; 43:137-146. [PMID: 36585104 PMCID: PMC9811329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organic coatings are the most effective and facile methods of protecting steel against corrosion, which shields it from direct contact with oxygen and moisture. However, they are inherently defective and susceptible to damage, which allows the penetration of the corrosive media into the underlying substrates. Self-healing coatings were developed to address this shortcoming. OBJECTIVE The current research aims to develop a coating with superior self-healing ability via embedment of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanogel composite (NC) in a commercial epoxy. METHODS The TiO2 NC was prepared by efficient dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles in copolymer gel of acrylamide (AAm) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) with the help of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPS). The chemical structure, morphology, and thermal properties of the modified and functionalized nanoparticles were assessed by infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. In addition, TiO2 nanoparticles, nano-TiO2 functionalized monomer (NTFM), and NTFM/AAm/AMPS in different weight percentages were incorporated into epoxy resin to prepare a self-healing coating. RESULTS The results confirmed the successful fabrication of the NC. In addition, the incorporation of 1 wt% NTFM/AAm/AMPS led to homogenous dispersion, enhanced anti-corrosive and self-healing performance with the healing efficiencies of 100% and 98%, which were determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization methods, respectively. CONCLUSION The prepared NC was sensitive towards salt concentration, pH, which aids the quick reaction of the TiO2 NC to corrosive ions, once the cracks occur. In addition, this is a unique feature compared to the other self-healing mechanisms, especially, the encapsulation of healing agents, which can be effective as long as the healing agent is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Rezvani Ghomi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran,Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
| | - Saied Nouri Khorasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran,Corresponding authors.
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Koochaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran,Research and Development Department, Alvan Paint & Resin Production Co., Tehran, 13991-53611, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dinari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Shahla Ataei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Enayati
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Oisik Das
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden,Corresponding authors.
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran,Corresponding authors.
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12
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Nambi Krishnan J, Venkatachalam KR, Ghosh O, Jhaveri K, Palakodeti A, Nair N. Review of Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes and Their Applications in Desalination. Front Chem 2022; 10:781372. [PMID: 35186879 PMCID: PMC8848102 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.781372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All over the world, almost one billion people live in regions where water is scarce. It is also estimated that by 2035, almost 3.5 billion people will be experiencing water scarcity. Hence, there is a need for water based technologies. In separation processes, membrane based technologies have been a popular choice due to its advantages over other techniques. In recent decades, sustained research in the field of membrane technology has seen a remarkable surge in the development of membrane technology, particularly because of reduction of energy footprints and cost. One such development is the inclusion of nanoparticles in thin film composite membranes, commonly referred to as Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes (TFN). This review covers the development, characteristics, advantages, and applications of TFN technology since its introduction in 2007 by Hoek. After a brief overview on the existing membrane technology, this review discusses TFN membranes. This discussion includes TFN membrane synthesis, characterization, and enhanced properties due to the incorporation of nanoparticles. An attempt is made to summarize the various nanoparticles used for preparing TFNs and the effects they have on membrane performance towards desalination. The improvement in membrane performance is generally observed in properties such as permeability, selectivity, chlorine stability, and antifouling. Subsequently, the application of TFNs in Reverse Osmosis (RO) alongside other desalination alternatives like Multiple Effect Flash evaporator and Multi-Stage Flash distillation is covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegatha Nambi Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, India
- *Correspondence: Jegatha Nambi Krishnan,
| | - Kaarthick Raaja Venkatachalam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, India
| | - Oindrila Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, India
| | - Krutarth Jhaveri
- Strategic Engagement and Analysis Group, Rocky Mountain Institute, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Advait Palakodeti
- Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikhil Nair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, India
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