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Rosen AS, Hirst RB, Brown C, Arastu S, Hedbabny K. Eyewitness Recall, Lineup Identification, and Verbal and Visual Memory Among Chronic Cannabis Users After a Minimum of 24‐Hours Abstinence. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayna B. Hirst
- Department of Psychology Palo Alto University United States
| | - Colin Brown
- Department of Psychology Palo Alto University United States
| | - Sana Arastu
- Department of Psychology Palo Alto University United States
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Datta S, Ramamurthy PC, Anand U, Singh S, Singh A, Dhanjal DS, Dhaka V, Kumar S, Kapoor D, Nandy S, Kumar M, Koshy EP, Dey A, Proćków J, Singh J. Wonder or evil?: Multifaceted health hazards and health benefits of Cannabis sativa and its phytochemicals. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7290-7313. [PMID: 34867033 PMCID: PMC8626265 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa, widely known as 'Marijuana' poses a dilemma for being a blend of both good and bad medicinal effects. The historical use of Cannabis for both medicinal and recreational purposes suggests it to be a friendly plant. However, whether the misuse of Cannabis and the cannabinoids derived from it can hamper normal body physiology is a focus of ongoing research. On the one hand, there is enough evidence to suggest that misuse of marijuana can cause deleterious effects on various organs like the lungs, immune system, cardiovascular system, etc. and also influence fertility and cause teratogenic effects. However, on the other hand, marijuana has been found to offer a magical cure for anorexia, chronic pain, muscle spasticity, nausea, and disturbed sleep. Indeed, most recently, the United Nations has given its verdict in favour of Cannabis declaring it as a non-dangerous narcotic. This review provides insights into the various health effects of Cannabis and its specialized metabolites and indicates how wise steps can be taken to promote good use and prevent misuse of the metabolites derived from this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College, Jalandhar, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Praveen C. Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Amritpal Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College and Hospital, Amphala, Jammu 180012, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vaishali Dhaka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Science, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ratu-Lohardaga Road Ranchi, Jharkhand 835205, India
| | - Eapen P. Koshy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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Lockamyeir RF, Carlson CA, Jones AR, Wooten AR, Carlson MA, Hemby JA. One perpetrator, two perpetrators: The effect of multiple perpetrators on eyewitness identification. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Lockamyeir
- Psychology and Special Education Texas A&M University Commerce Commerce Texas USA
| | - Curt A. Carlson
- Psychology and Special Education Texas A&M University Commerce Commerce Texas USA
| | - Alyssa R. Jones
- Psychology and Special Education Texas A&M University Commerce Commerce Texas USA
| | - Alex R. Wooten
- Department of Psychology Hollins University Roanoke Virginia USA
| | - Maria A. Carlson
- Psychology and Special Education Texas A&M University Commerce Commerce Texas USA
| | - Jacob A. Hemby
- Psychology and Special Education Texas A&M University Commerce Commerce Texas USA
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Spearing ER, Wade KA. Providing Eyewitness Confidence Judgments During Versus After Eyewitness Interviews Does Not Affect the Confidence-Accuracy Relationship. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kloft L, Monds LA, Blokland A, Ramaekers JG, Otgaar H. Hazy memories in the courtroom: A review of alcohol and other drug effects on false memory and suggestibility. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:291-307. [PMID: 33587958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol and other psychoactive drugs are oftentimes implicated in legal cases. A pertinent question herein is whether such substances might adversely affect testimonies of victims, eyewitnesses, or suspects by propelling the formation of false memory and increasing susceptibility to suggestion. In the current review, we amassed all available evidence on the effects of intoxication on false memory formation and suggestibility, including the substances alcohol, benzodiazepines, cannabis, stimulants, hallucinogens, and antipsychotics. Our review indicated that alcohol and cannabis under certain conditions increased the susceptibility to false memories and/or suggestion with effect sizes ranging from medium to large. When intoxicated during an event, alcohol is most likely to increase this susceptibility at high intoxication levels or after a delay, whereas cannabis exerts detrimental effects during acute intoxication but not necessarily once sober. For other substances, ecologically valid research separating different memory phases is needed. Overall, differences between substances regarding false memory effects exist, suggesting that a nuanced approach is needed when dealing with intoxicated individuals in a legal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Kloft
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Lauren A Monds
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Arjan Blokland
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Henry Otgaar
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Faculty of Law, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
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Cormia A, Shapland T, Rasheed A, Pezdek K. Laypeople's beliefs about the effects of common estimator variables on memory. Memory 2020; 30:733-743. [PMID: 33377816 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2020.1868527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This research builds on James Ost's research investigating whether laypeople's beliefs align with those of experts. Recent studies that examined the relationship between high-confidence eyewitness identifications and accuracy proposed that the mechanism underlying this relationship may be based on a knowledge-conditional model. According to this model, the accuracy of a confidence judgment depends on knowledge about factors that affect memory accuracy. However, there has not been a comprehensive assessment of laypeople's knowledge about the effect on memory accuracy of many estimator variables known to influence the accuracy of eyewitnesses, specifically those relevant to research on the relationship between witness confidence and accuracy. This study consists of the development of a 30-item scale to assess laypeople's knowledge of the effect of 10 common estimator variables on memory accuracy from three points of view (POV): Self, Other, and Juror. Across MTurk and undergraduate samples, laypeople's beliefs about the effect of these estimator variables were generally consistent with research findings and did not differ as a function of POV. Additionally, for most estimator variables, participants' beliefs about memory were consistent with results in the confidence-accuracy literature; confidence and identification accuracy appear to be poorly calibrated for estimator variables that people know less about.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cormia
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Shapland
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Alaina Rasheed
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Pezdek
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
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Jones AR, Carlson CA, Lockamyeir RF, Hemby JA, Carlson MA, Wooten AR. “All I remember is the black eye”: A distinctive facial feature harms eyewitness identification. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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