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Sun J, Wang Z, Yang C. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Development and Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36325979 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2139589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although as an analytical method with high specificity and high sensitivity, mass spectrometry (MS) has a wide range of applications in many fields, it still needs other technologies as the assist and supplement to enhance the scope and capability of analysis. Coupling with ion mobility (IM) can make an enhancement effect in the field of pharmaceutical analysis as a supplementary method. The two-dimensional mass technology improves the confidence of compounds annotations while increasing peak capacity, with the gradual deepening of theoretical research on IM-MS, it has shown unique advantages in the complex analysis conditions. IM-MS owns great potential for improving the depth, range, dimension of in-depth drug research. In this review, the principle, instruments and methods, applications, advantages and limitations of IM-MS are described. Here, we also elaborate on the prospects in structural evaluation, separation, and identification of complex compounds for the drug discovery and development phase and the great advantages of macromolecules and omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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2
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Fernandez-Maestre R, Tabrizchi M, Meza-Morelos D. Ion-shift reagent binding energy and the mass-mobility shift correlation in ion mobility spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9360. [PMID: 35869640 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) detects illegal substances and explosives in airports, ports, and customs. This is complicated by false positives caused by overlapping peaks. Shift reagents selectively change ion mobilities through adduction with analyte ions. This discriminates false positives because interferents and illegal substances respond differently to shift reagents. METHODS We introduced five different shift reagents using electrospray ionization-IMS-mass spectrometry to study the effect of interaction energy, intermolecular bonds, and analyte size on ion mobility shifts. Analyte ion-shift reagent interactions were calculated using Gaussian. RESULTS The mobility shifts showed a decreasing trend as the molecular weight increased for a series of ten compounds. The shift in drift time better reflected the pure effect of shift reagents. Valinol was an exception to this trend because it had a low binding energy interaction with all shift reagents and, consequently, its clusters were short-lived. This produced fewer collisions against the buffer gas and a shorter drift time, compared to ions of similar molecular weight. CONCLUSIONS The results of this investigation are important for understanding the behavior of shift reagents in resolving overlapping peaks that cause interferences. The suppression of false positives eases the transit of passengers and cargos, increases the confiscation of illicit substances, and saves money and distress due to needless delays in customs and airports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fernandez-Maestre
- Campus de San Pablo, Programa de Química, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahmoud Tabrizchi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Dairo Meza-Morelos
- Campus de San Pablo, Programa de Química, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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3
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Mastellone J, Kabir KM, Huang X, Donald WA. Separation of disaccharide epimers, anomers and connectivity isomers by high resolution differential ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1206:339783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Food glycomics: Dealing with unexpected degradation of oligosaccharides during sample preparation and analysis. J Food Drug Anal 2022; 30:62-76. [PMID: 35647723 PMCID: PMC9931006 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reveals that unexpected degradation of food oligosaccharides can occur during conventional glycomics workflows, including sample preparation and analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). With the present investigation, we aim to alert the scientific community of the susceptibility of specific glycosidic linkages to degradation induced by heat and acid. Key standard oligosaccharides representing the major types found in foods (3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine for milk, raffinose and stachyose for legumes) were selected as model systems and underwent each of the following treatments independently: (1) labeled with the derivatizing agent 1-aminopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonic (APTS) (followed by analysis with a capillary electrophoresis system coupled with a fluorescence detector), (2) dried from an acetonitrile-water mixture containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, and (3) injected into an LC-MS system. We demonstrated that both raffinose and stachyose degraded during APTS-labeling by the acid in the labeling reagents. We also discovered that during centrifugal evaporation at 37 °C, all of the four nonderivatized oligosaccharides tested were partially degraded. Additionally, when the LC-MS eluent contained 0.1% formic acid, 3'-sialyllactose, raffinose, and stachyose underwent extensive in-source fragmentation during analysis. Lastly, we identified a simple strategy that can reduce the probability of incorrect oligosaccharide identification resulting from extensive in-source fragmentation.
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Dodds JN, Baker ES. Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Fundamental Concepts, Instrumentation, Applications, and the Road Ahead. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2185-2195. [PMID: 31493234 PMCID: PMC6832852 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a rapid separation technique that has experienced exponential growth as a field of study. Interfacing IMS with mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) provides additional analytical power as complementary separations from each technique enable multidimensional characterization of detected analytes. IMS separations occur on a millisecond timescale, and therefore can be readily nested into traditional GC and LC/MS workflows. However, the continual development of novel IMS methods has generated some level of confusion regarding the advantages and disadvantages of each. In this critical insight, we aim to clarify some common misconceptions for new users in the community pertaining to the fundamental concepts of the various IMS instrumental platforms (i.e., DTIMS, TWIMS, TIMS, FAIMS, and DMA), while addressing the strengths and shortcomings associated with each. Common IMS-MS applications are also discussed in this review, such as separating isomeric species, performing signal filtering for MS, and incorporating collision cross-section (CCS) values into both targeted and untargeted omics-based workflows as additional ion descriptors for chemical annotation. Although many challenges must be addressed by the IMS community before mobility information is collected in a routine fashion, the future is bright with possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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6
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Keating JE, Glish GL. Dual Emitter Nano-Electrospray Ionization Coupled to Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry for Shotgun Lipidomics. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9117-9124. [PMID: 29989393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current lipidomics workflows are centered around acquisition of large data sets followed by lengthy data processing. A dual nESI-DIMS-MS platform was developed to perform real-time relative quantification between samples, providing data required for biomarker discovery and validation more quickly than traditional ESI-MS approaches. Nanosprayer activity and DIMS compensation field settings were controlled by a LabVIEW program synced to the accumulation portion of the ion trap scan function, allowing for full integration of the platform with a commercial mass spectrometer. By comparing samples with short electrospray pulses rather than constant electrospray, the DIMS and MS performance is normalized within an experiment, as signals are compared between individual mass spectra (ms time scale) rather than individual experiments (min-hr time scale). The platform was validated with lipid standards and extracts from nitrogen-deprived microalgae. Dual nESI-DIMS requires minimal system modification and is compatible with all traditional ion activation techniques and mass analyzers, making it a versatile improvement to shotgun lipidomics workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Keating
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Gary L Glish
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 United States
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7
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Vera NB, Chen Z, Pannkuk E, Laiakis EC, Fornace AJ, Erion DM, Coy SL, Pfefferkorn JA, Vouros P. Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) reveals the elevation of urinary acetylcarnitine in non-human primates (NHPs) exposed to radiation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:548-559. [PMID: 29596720 PMCID: PMC6030448 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcarnitine has been identified as one of several urinary biomarkers indicative of radiation exposure in adult rhesus macaque monkeys (non-human primates, NHPs). Previous work has demonstrated an up-regulated dose-response profile in a balanced male/female NHP cohort. As a contribution toward the development of metabolomics-based radiation biodosimetry in human populations and other applications of acetylcarnitine screening, we have developed a quantitative, high-throughput method for the analysis of acetylcarnitine. We employed the Sciex SelexIon DMS-MS/MS QTRAP 5500 platform coupled to flow injection analysis (FIA), thereby allowing for fast analysis times of less than 0.5 minutes per injection with no chromatographic separation. Ethyl acetate is used as a DMS modifier to reduce matrix chemical background. We have measured NHP urinary acetylcarnitine from the male cohorts that were exposed to the following radiation levels: control, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 10 Gy. Biological variability, along with calibration accuracy of the FIA-DMS-MS/MS method, indicates LOQ of 20 μM, with observed biological levels on the order of 600 μM and control levels near 10 μM. There is an apparent onset of intensified response in the transition from 6 to 10 Gy. The results demonstrate that FIA-DMS-MS/MS is a rapid, quantitative technique that can be utilized for the analysis of urinary biomarker levels for radiation biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Vera
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhidan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Evan Pannkuk
- Georgetown University, 3700 O Street NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | | | - Albert J Fornace
- Georgetown University, 3700 O Street NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Derek M Erion
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Coy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paul Vouros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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8
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The effect of adduction energy and intramolecular bonding in the mobility of dextromethorphan and diphenhydramine with 2-butanol in the buffer gas in ion mobility spectrometry. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Microscale differential ion mobility spectrometry for field deployable chemical analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Meza-Morelos D, Fernandez-Maestre R. Caffeine and glucosamine mobility shifts by adduction with 2-butanol depended on interaction energy, charge delocalization, and steric hindrance in ion mobility spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:823-829. [PMID: 28877381 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical technique that separates gas-phase ions drifting under an electric field according to their size to charge ratio. We used electrospray ionization-drift tube IMS coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry to measure the mobilities of glucosamine (GH+ ) and caffeine (CH+ ) ions in pure nitrogen or when the shift reagent (SR) 2-butanol was introduced in the drift gas at 6.9 mmol m-3 . Binding energies of 2-butanol-ion adducts were calculated using Gaussian 09 at the CAMB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The mobility shifts with the introduction of 2-butanol in the drift gas were -2.4% (GH+ ) and -1.7% (CH+ ) and were due to clustering of GH+ and CH+ with 2-butanol. The formation of GBH+ was favored over that of CBH+ because GBH+ formed more stable hydrogen bonds (83.3 kJ/mol) than CBH+ (81.7 kJ/mol) for the reason that the positive charge on CH+ is less sterically available than on GH+ and the charge is stabilized by resonance in CH+ . These results are a confirmation of the arguments used to explain the drift behavior of these ions when ethyl lactate SR was used (Bull Kor Chem Soc 2014, 1023-1028). This study is a step forward to predict IMS separations of overlapping peaks in IMS spectra, simplifying a procedure that is trial and error by now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairo Meza-Morelos
- Universidad de Cartagena, Campus de San Pablo, Programa de Química, Cartagena, Colombia
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11
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Kang Y, Schneider BB, Covey TR. On the Nature of Mass Spectrometer Analyzer Contamination. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2384-2392. [PMID: 28733968 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sample throughput in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is limited by the need for frequent ion path cleaning to remove accumulated debris that can lead to charging and general performance degradation. Contamination of ion optics within the vacuum system is particularly problematic as routine cleaning requires additional time for cycling the vacuum pumps. Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) can select targeted ion species for transmission, thereby reducing the total number of charged particles entering the vacuum system. In this work, we characterize the nature of instrument contamination, describe efforts to improve mass spectrometer robustness by applying DMS prefiltering to reduce contamination of the vacuum ion optics, and demonstrate the capability of DMS to extend the interval between mass spectrometer cleaning. In addition, we introduce a new approach to effectively detect large charged particles formed during the electrospray ionization (ESI) process. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Kang
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada.
| | | | - Thomas R Covey
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada
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12
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X-ray ionization differential ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2017; 162:159-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Chen Z, Coy SL, Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Hall AB, Fornace AJ, Vouros P. Rapid and High-Throughput Detection and Quantitation of Radiation Biomarkers in Human and Nonhuman Primates by Differential Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1626-36. [PMID: 27392730 PMCID: PMC5018447 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation exposure is an important public health issue due to a range of accidental and intentional threats. Prompt and effective large-scale screening and appropriate use of medical countermeasures (MCM) to mitigate radiation injury requires rapid methods for determining the radiation dose. In a number of studies, metabolomics has identified small-molecule biomarkers responding to the radiation dose. Differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (DMS-MS) has been used for similar compounds for high-throughput small-molecule detection and quantitation. In this study, we show that DMS-MS can detect and quantify two radiation biomarkers, trimethyl-L-lysine (TML) and hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine is a human and nonhuman primate (NHP) radiation biomarker and metabolic intermediate, whereas TML is a radiation biomarker in humans but not in NHP, which is involved in carnitine synthesis. They have been analyzed by DMS-MS from urine samples after a simple strong cation exchange-solid phase extraction (SCX-SPE). The dramatic suppression of background and chemical noise provided by DMS-MS results in an approximately 10-fold reduction in time, including sample pretreatment time, compared with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). DMS-MS quantitation accuracy has been verified by validation testing for each biomarker. Human samples are not yet available, but for hypoxanthine, selected NHP urine samples (pre- and 7-d-post 10 Gy exposure) were analyzed, resulting in a mean change in concentration essentially identical to that obtained by LC-MS (fold-change 2.76 versus 2.59). These results confirm the potential of DMS-MS for field or clinical first-level rapid screening for radiation exposure. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen L Coy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Evan L Pannkuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Adam B Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Vouros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Schneider BB, Nazarov EG, Londry F, Vouros P, Covey TR. Differential mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry history, theory, design optimization, simulations, and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:687-737. [PMID: 25962527 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review of differential mobility spectrometry focuses primarily on mass spectrometry coupling, starting with the history of the development of this technique in the Soviet Union. Fundamental principles of the separation process are covered, in addition to efforts related to design optimization and advancements in computer simulations. The flexibility of differential mobility spectrometry design features is explored in detail, particularly with regards to separation capability, speed, and ion transmission. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:687-737, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Vouros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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15
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Fernández-Maestre R, Meza-Morelos D, Wu C. Shift reagents in ion mobility spectrometry: the effect of the number of interaction sites, size and interaction energies on the mobilities of valinol and ethanolamine. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:378-383. [PMID: 27194523 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Overlapping peaks interfere in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), but they are separated introducing mobility shift reagents (SR) in the buffer gas forming adducts with different collision cross-sections (size). IMS separations using SR depend on the ion mobility shifts which are governed by adduct's size and interaction energies (stabilities). Mobility shifts of valinol and ethanolamine ions were measured by electrospray-ionization ion mobility-mass spectrometry (MS). Methyl-chloro propionate (M) was used as SR; 2-butanol (B) and nitrobenzene (N) were used for comparison. Density functional theory was used for calculations. B produced the smallest mobility shifts because of its small size. M and N have two strong interaction sites (oxygen atoms) and similar molecular mass, and they should produce similar shifts. For both ethanolamine and valinol ions, stabilities were larger for N adducts than those of M. With ethanolamine, M produced a 68% shift, large compared to that using N, 61%, because M has a third weak interaction site on the chlorine atom and, therefore, M has more interaction possibilities than N. This third site overrode the oxygen atoms' interaction energy that favored the adduction of ethanolamine with N over that with M. On the contrary, with valinol mobility shifts were larger with N than with M (21 vs 18%) because interaction energy favored even more adduction of valinol with N than with M; that is, the interaction energy difference between adducts of valinol with M and N was larger than that between those adducts with ethanolamine, and the third M interaction could not override this larger difference. Mobility shifts were explained based on the number of SR's interaction sites, size of ions and SR, and SR-ion interaction energies. This is the first time that the number of interaction sites is used to explain mobility shifts in SR-assisted IMS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dairo Meza-Morelos
- Universidad de Cartagena, Campus de San Pablo, Programa de Quimica, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ching Wu
- Excellims Corporation, 20 Main Street, Acton, MA, USA
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Fernandez-Maestre R, Meza-Morelos D, Wu C. Trifluoromethyl benzyl alcohol as a “shift reagent” in ion mobility spectrometry: The effect of intramolecular bridges, ion size and shift reagent-ion binding energy in ion mobility. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Kafle A, Coy SL, Wong BM, Fornace AJ, Glick JJ, Vouros P. Understanding gas phase modifier interactions in rapid analysis by differential mobility-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1098-113. [PMID: 24452298 PMCID: PMC4057941 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study involving the use and optimization of gas-phase modifiers in quantitative differential mobility-mass spectrometry (DMS-MS) analysis is presented using nucleoside-adduct biomarkers of DNA damage as an important reference point for analysis in complex matrices. Commonly used polar protic and polar aprotic modifiers have been screened for use against two deoxyguanosine adducts of DNA: N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-4-ABP) and N-(deoxyguanosin-8-y1)-2-amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (dG-C8-PhIP). Particular attention was paid to compensation voltage (CoV) shifts, peak shapes, and product ion signal intensities while optimizing the DMS-MS conditions. The optimized parameters were then applied to rapid quantitation of the DNA adducts in calf thymus DNA. After a protein precipitation step, adduct levels corresponding to less than one modification in 10(6) normal DNA bases were detected using the DMS-MS platform. Based on DMS fundamentals and ab initio thermochemical results, we interpret the complexity of DMS modifier responses in terms of thermal activation and the development of solvent shells. At very high bulk gas temperature, modifier dipole moment may be the most important factor in cluster formation and cluster geometry, but at lower temperatures, multi-neutral clusters are important and less predictable. This work provides a useful protocol for targeted DNA adduct quantitation and a basis for future work on DMS modifier effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Kafle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Bryan M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Georgetown University, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular & Cell Biology, Washington, DC 20057 USA, and King Abdulaziz Univ, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medical Research, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia
| | - James J. Glick
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Vouros
- Corresponding authors: (617)373-2840; (508)808-8227
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Blagojevic V, Koyanagi GK, Bohme DK. Multi-component ion modifiers and arcing suppressants to enhance differential mobility spectrometry for separation of peptides and drug molecules. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:490-7. [PMID: 24425289 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of ion/molecule chemistry in a differential mobility spectrometer (DMS) is shown to result in improved peak capacity, separation, and sensitivity. We have experimented with a modifier composed of multiple components, where each component accomplishes a specific task on mixtures of peptides and small drug molecules. Use of a higher proton affinity modifier (hexanol) provides increased peak capacity and separation. Analyte ion/modifier proton transfer is suppressed by adding a large excess of low proton affinity modifier (water or methanol), significantly increasing signal intensity and sensitivity for low proton affinity analytes. Finally, addition of an electrical arcing suppressant (chloroform) allows the device to operate reliably at higher separation fields, improving peak capacity and separation. We demonstrate a 20% increase in the device peak capacity without any loss of sensitivity and estimate that further optimization of the modifier composition can increase this to 50%. Use of 3-, 4-, or even 5-component modifiers offers the opportunity for the user to fine-tune the modifier performance to maximize the device performance, something not possible with a single component modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voislav Blagojevic
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kailemia MJ, Park M, Kaplan DA, Venot A, Boons GJ, Li L, Linhardt RJ, Amster IJ. High-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry and electron detachment dissociation of isobaric mixtures of glycosaminoglycans. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:258-68. [PMID: 24254578 PMCID: PMC3946938 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) is shown to be capable of resolving isomeric and isobaric glycosaminoglycan negative ions and to have great utility for the analysis of this class of molecules when combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry. Electron detachment dissociation (EDD) and other ion activation methods for tandem mass spectrometry can be used to determine the sites of labile sulfate modifications and for assigning the stereochemistry of hexuronic acid residues of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). However, mixtures with overlapping mass-to-charge values present a challenge, as their precursor species cannot be resolved by a mass analyzer prior to ion activation. FAIMS is shown to resolve two types of mass-to-charge overlaps. A mixture of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) oligomers with 4-10 saccharides units produces ions of a single mass-to-charge by electrospray ionization, as the charge state increases in direct proportion to the degree of polymerization for these sulfated carbohydrates. FAIMS is shown to resolve the overlapping charge. A more challenging type of mass-to-charge overlap occurs for mixtures of diastereomers. FAIMS is shown to separate two sets of epimeric GAG tetramers. For the epimer pairs, the complexity of the separation is reduced when the reducing end is alkylated, suggesting that anomers are also resolved by FAIMS. The resolved components were activated by EDD and the fragment ions were analyzed by FTICR-MS. The resulting tandem mass spectra were able to distinguish the two epimers from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andre Venot
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lingyun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - I. Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
- Address for correspondence: Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, Phone: (706) 542-2001, Fax: (706) 542-9454,
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20
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Monge ME, Pérez JJ, Dwivedi P, Zhou M, McCarty NA, Stecenko AA, Fernández FM. Ion mobility and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry strategies for exhaled breath condensate glucose quantitation in cystic fibrosis studies. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2263-2271. [PMID: 24019192 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is an important complication of cystic fibrosis (CF) because it causes acceleration in the decline in lung function. Monitoring concentrations of key metabolites such as glucose in airway lining fluid is necessary for improving our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms linking diabetes and CF. Targeted-metabolomic strategies for glucose quantitation in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from healthy individuals are presented. METHODS Three different electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)-based methods were developed for EBC sample interrogation and glucose quantitation without derivatization. Two methods utilized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to either time-of-flight (TOF) MS or triple quadrupole (QqQ) tandem MS (MS/MS). A third approach involved direct-infusion traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) with TOF-MS detection. UHPLC/QqQ-MS/MS was used for urea quantitation as the EBC dilution marker. Matrix effects were mitigated using isotopically labeled glucose and urea as internal standards. RESULTS All the developed methods allowed glucose and urea quantitation in EBC with high accuracy and precision. The UHPLC/TOF-MS and UHPLC/QqQ-MS/MS methods provided similar analytical figures of merit. UHPLC/QqQ-MS/MS provided the highest sensitivity and the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 1.5 nM in EBC for both glucose and urea. The TWIMS-TOF-MS-based method provided the highest sample throughput capability; however, the glucose LOD was ~3-fold higher than with the two chromatographic methods. CONCLUSIONS Mass spectrometric methods for the quantitative analysis of trace EBC glucose levels are reported and compared for the first time. The analytical figures of merit demonstrate the applicability of these methods to metabolite analysis of airway samples for CF and CFRD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Monge
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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21
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Hall AB, Coy SL, Kafle A, Glick J, Nazarov E, Vouros P. Extending the dynamic range of the ion trap by differential mobility filtration. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1428-36. [PMID: 23797861 PMCID: PMC3788087 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A miniature, planar, differential ion mobility spectrometer (DMS) was interfaced to an LCQ classic ion trap to conduct selective ion filtration prior to mass analysis in order to extend the dynamic range of the trap. Space charge effects are known to limit the functional ion storage capacity of ion trap mass analyzers and this, in turn, can affect the quality of the mass spectral data generated. This problem is further exacerbated in the analysis of mixtures where the indiscriminate introduction of matrix ions results in premature trap saturation with non-targeted species, thereby reducing the number of parent ions that may be used to conduct MS/MS experiments for quantitation or other diagnostic studies. We show that conducting differential mobility-based separations prior to mass analysis allows the isolation of targeted analytes from electrosprayed mixtures preventing the indiscriminate introduction of matrix ions and premature trap saturation with analytically unrelated species. Coupling these two analytical techniques is shown to enhance the detection of a targeted drug metabolite from a biological matrix. In its capacity as a selective ion filter, the DMS can improve the analytical performance of analyzers such as quadrupole (3D or linear) and ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) ion traps that depend on ion accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Coy SL, Krylov EV, Nazarov EG, Fornace AJ, Kidd RD. Differential mobility spectrometry with nanospray ion source as a compact detector for small organics and inorganics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 16:217-227. [PMID: 23914140 DOI: 10.1007/s12127-013-0135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) is an important tool in chemical and biochemical survey and targeted analysis in many applications. For chemical detection and identification electrospray is usually used with mass spectrometry (MS). However, for screening and monitoring of chemicals of interest in light, low power field-deployable instrumentation, an alternative detection technology with chemical selectivity would be highly useful, especially since small, lightweight, chip-based gas and liquid chromatographic technologies are being developed. Our initial list of applications requiring portable instruments includes chemical surveys on Mars, medical diagnostics based on metabolites in biological samples, and water quality analysis. In this report, we evaluate ESI-Differential Mobility Spectrometry (DMS) as a compact, low-power alternative to MS detection. Use of DMS for chemically-selective detection of ESI suffers in comparison with mass spectrometry because portable MS peak capacity is greater than that of DMS by 10X or more, but the development of light, fast chip chromatography offers compensating resolution. Standalone DMS provides the chemical selectivity familiar from DMS-MS publications, and exploits the sensitivity of ion detection. We find that sub-microliter-per-minute flows and a correctly-designed interface prepare a desolvated ion stream that enables DMS to act as an effective ion filter. Results for a several small organic biomarkers and metabolites, including citric acid, azelaic acid, n-hexanoylglycine, thymidine, and caffeine, as well as compounds such as dinitrotoluene and others, have been characterized and demonstrate selective detection. Water-quality-related halogen-containing anions, fluoride through bromate, contained in liquid samples are also isolated by DMS. A reaction-chamber interface is highlighted as most practical for portable ESI-DMS instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Coy
- Planetary Chemistry and Astrobiology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099
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Alley WR, Mann BF, Novotny MV. High-sensitivity analytical approaches for the structural characterization of glycoproteins. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2668-732. [PMID: 23531120 PMCID: PMC3992972 DOI: 10.1021/cr3003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Alley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Milos V. Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Lapthorn C, Pullen F, Chowdhry BZ. Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) of small molecules: separating and assigning structures to ions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2013; 32:43-71. [PMID: 22941854 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of ion mobility (IM), the movement/transport of charged particles under the influence of an electric field, was first observed in the early 20th Century and harnessed later in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). There have been rapid advances in instrumental design, experimental methods, and theory together with contributions from computational chemistry and gas-phase ion chemistry, which have diversified the range of potential applications of contemporary IMS techniques. Whilst IMS-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) has recently been recognized for having significant research/applied industrial potential and encompasses multi-/cross-disciplinary areas of science, the applications and impact from decades of research are only now beginning to be utilized for "small molecule" species. This review focuses on the application of IMS-MS to "small molecule" species typically used in drug discovery (100-500 Da) including an assessment of the limitations and possibilities of the technique. Potential future developments in instrumental design, experimental methods, and applications are addressed. The typical application of IMS-MS in relation to small molecules has been to separate species in fairly uniform molecular classes such as mixture analysis, including metabolites. Separation of similar species has historically been challenging using IMS as the resolving power, R, has been low (3-100) and the differences in collision cross-sections that could be measured have been relatively small, so instrument and method development has often focused on increasing resolving power. However, IMS-MS has a range of other potential applications that are examined in this review where it displays unique advantages, including: determination of small molecule structure from drift time, "small molecule" separation in achiral and chiral mixtures, improvement in selectivity, identification of carbohydrate isomers, metabonomics, and for understanding the size and shape of small molecules. This review provides a broad but selective overview of current literature, concentrating on IMS-MS, not solely IMS, and small molecule applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cris Lapthorn
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Takebayashi K, Hirose K, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Fukusaki E. Application of ion mobility-mass spectrometry to microRNA analysis. J Biosci Bioeng 2012. [PMID: 23201507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry is widely used for studying sequence determination and modification analysis of small RNAs. However, the efficiency of liquid chromatography-based separation of intact small RNA species is insufficient, since the physiochemical properties among small RNAs are very similar. In this study, we focused on ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), which is a gas-phase separation technique coupled with mass spectrometry; we have evaluated the utility of IM-MS for microRNA (miRNA) analysis. A multiply charged deprotonated ion derived from an 18-24-nt-long miRNA was formed by electrospray ionization, and then the time, called the "drift time", taken by each ion to migrate through a buffer gas was measured. Each multivalent ion was temporally separated on the basis of the charge state and structural formation; 3 types of unique mass-mobility correlation patterns (i.e., chainlike-form, hairpin-form, and dimer-form) were present on the two-dimensional mobility-mass spectrum. Moreover, we found that the ion size (sequence length) and the secondary structures of the small RNAs strongly contributed to the IM-MS-based separation, although solvent conditions such as pH had no effect. Therefore, sequence isomers could also be discerned by the selection of each specific charged ion, i.e., the 6(-) charged ion reflected a majority among chainlike-, hairpin-, and other structures. We concluded that the IM-MS provides additional capability for separation; thus, this analytical method will be a powerful tool for comprehensive small RNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takebayashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry with solvent vapor addition: a potential greener bioanalytical technique. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:1363-75. [PMID: 22720654 DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Green chemistry is a way to avoid threats to human health and the environment in chemical processes, including analytical methodology. According to the 12 principles provided by ACS Green Chemistry Institute, first described by Anastas and Warner, prevention of waste generation should be first considered as an alternative to ways of treating waste. Therefore, analytical techniques that may reduce solvent waste are of great interest towards greener analysis. High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) utilizes electrical fields to achieve separation, post an ionization source, and could provide an alternative method for separation and reduce solvent use in comparison with traditional HPLC methodologies. In this article, the operational principles and developments of FAIMS will be discussed, including the advantages of adding solvent vapor to the carrier gas. In addition, applications and challenges of implementing FAIMS technology will also be discussed.
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27
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Puppala M, Ponder J, Suryanarayana P, Reddy GB, Petrash JM, LaBarbera DV. The isolation and characterization of β-glucogallin as a novel aldose reductase inhibitor from Emblica officinalis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31399. [PMID: 22485126 PMCID: PMC3317655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a leading cause of new cases of blindness. The prevalence of diabetic eye disease is expected to continue to increase worldwide as a result of the dramatic increase in the number of people with diabetes. At present, there is no medical treatment to delay or prevent the onset and progression of cataract or retinopathy, the most common causes of vision loss in diabetics. The plant Emblica officinalis (gooseberry) has been used for thousands of years as a traditional Indian Ayurvedic preparation for the treatment of diabetes in humans. Extracts from this plant have been shown to be efficacious against the progression of cataract in a diabetic rat model. Aldose reductase (ALR2) is implicated in the development of secondary complications of diabetes including cataract and, therefore, has been a major drug target for the development of therapies to treat diabetic disease. Herein, we present the bioassay-guided isolation and structure elucidation of 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (β-glucogallin), a major component from the fruit of the gooseberry that displays selective as well as relatively potent inhibition (IC50 = 17 µM) of AKR1B1 in vitro. Molecular modeling demonstrates that this inhibitor is able to favorably bind in the active site. Further, we show that β-glucogallin effectively inhibits sorbitol accumulation by 73% at 30 µM under hyperglycemic conditions in an ex-vivo organ culture model of lenses excised from transgenic mice overexpressing human ALR2 in the lens. This study supports the continued development of natural products such as β-glucogallin as therapeutic leads in the development of novel therapies to treat diabetic complications such as cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthenna Puppala
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jessica Ponder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Palla Suryanarayana
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - J. Mark Petrash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Daniel V. LaBarbera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hall AB, Coy SL, Nazarov EG, Vouros P. Rapid Separation and Characterization of Cocaine and Cocaine Cutting Agents by Differential Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry. J Forensic Sci 2012; 57:750-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Safina G. Application of surface plasmon resonance for the detection of carbohydrates, glycoconjugates, and measurement of the carbohydrate-specific interactions: A comparison with conventional analytical techniques. A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 712:9-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Chen CL, Kong DY, Wang XH, Wang HQ, Shuang F, Mei T. Peak Profile Analysis in High Field Asymmetric Wave Ion Mobility Spectrometry. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/24/03/325-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Schneider BB, Covey TR, Coy SL, Krylov EV, Nazarov EG. Planar differential mobility spectrometer as a pre-filter for atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 298:45-54. [PMID: 21278836 PMCID: PMC3026573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ion filters based on planar DMS can be integrated with the inlet configuration of most mass spectrometers, and are able to enhance the quality of mass analysis and quantitative accuracy by reducing chemical noise, and by pre-separating ions of similar mass. This paper is the first in a series of three papers describing the optimization of DMS / MS instrumentation. In this paper the important physical parameters of a planar DMS-MS interface including analyzer geometry, analyzer coupling to a mass spectrometer, and transport gas flow control are considered. The goal is to optimize ion transmission and transport efficiency, provide optimal and adjustable resolution, and produce stable operation under conditions of high sample contamination. We discuss the principles of DMS separations and highlight the theoretical underpinnings. The main differences between planar and cylindrical geometries are presented, including a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of RF ion focusing. In addition, we present a description of optimization of the frequency and amplitude of the DMS fields for resolution and ion transmission, and a discussion of the influence and importance of ion residence time in DMS. We have constructed a mass spectrometer interface for planar geometries that takes advantage of atmospheric pressure gas dynamic principles, rather than ion focusing, to minimize ion losses from diffusion in the analyzer and to maximize total ion transport into the mass spectrometer. A variety of experimental results has been obtained that illustrate the performance of this type of interface, including tests of resistance to high contamination levels, and the separation of stereoisomers. In a subsequent publication the control of the chemical interactions that drive the separation process of a DMS / MS system will be considered. In a third publication we describe novel electronics designed to provide the high voltages asymmetric waveform fields (SV) required for these devices as well as the effects of different waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley B Schneider
- MDS Analytical Technologies, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8
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Tadjimukhamedov FK, Jackson AU, Nazarov EG, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Evaluation of a differential mobility spectrometer/miniature mass spectrometer system. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1477-1481. [PMID: 20619673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A planar differential mobility spectrometer (DMS) was coupled to a Mini 10 handheld rectilinear ion trap (RIT) mass spectrometer (MS) (total weight 10 kg), and the performance of the instrument was evaluated using illicit drug analysis. Coupling of DMS (which requires a continuous flow of drift gas) with a miniature MS (which operates best using sample introduction via a discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface, DAPI), was achieved with auxiliary pumping using a 5 L/min miniature diaphragm sample pump placed between the two devices. On-line ion mobility filtering showed to be advantageous in reducing the background chemical noise in the analysis of the psychotropic drug diazepam in urine using nanoelectrospray ionization. The combination of a miniature mass spectrometer with simple and rapid gas-phase ion separation by DMS allowed the characteristic fragmentation pattern of diazepam to be distinguished in a simple urine extract at lower limits of detection (50 ng/mL) than that achieved without DMS (200 ng/mL). The additional separation power of DMS facilitated the identification of two drugs of similar molecular weight, morphine (average MW = 285.34) and diazepam (average MW = 284.70), using a miniature mass spectrometer capable of unit resolution. The similarity in the proton affinities of these two compounds resulted in some cross-interference in the MS data due to facile ionization of the neutral form of the compound even when the ionic form had been separated by DMS.
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Coy SL, Krylov EV, Schneider BB, Covey TR, Brenner DJ, Tyburski JB, Patterson AD, Krausz KW, Fornace AJ, Nazarov EG. Detection of Radiation-Exposure Biomarkers by Differential Mobility Prefiltered Mass Spectrometry (DMS-MS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 291:108-117. [PMID: 20305793 PMCID: PMC2841297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Technology to enable rapid screening for radiation exposure has been identified as an important need, and, as a part of a NIH / NIAD effort in this direction, metabolomic biomarkers for radiation exposure have been identified in a recent series of papers. To reduce the time necessary to detect and measure these biomarkers, differential mobility spectrometry - mass spectrometry (DMS-MS) systems have been developed and tested. Differential mobility ion filters preselect specific ions and also suppress chemical noise created in typical atmospheric-pressure ionization sources (ESI, MALDI, and others). Differential-mobility-based ion selection is based on the field dependence of ion mobility, which, in turn, depends on ion characteristics that include conformation, charge distribution, molecular polarizability, and other properties, and on the transport gas composition which can be modified to enhance resolution. DMS-MS is able to resolve small-molecule biomarkers from nearly-isobaric interferences, and suppresses chemical noise generated in the ion source and in the mass spectrometer, improving selectivity and quantitative accuracy. Our planar DMS design is rapid, operating in a few milliseconds, and analyzes ions before fragmentation. Depending on MS inlet conditions, DMS-selected ions can be dissociated in the MS inlet expansion, before mass analysis, providing a capability similar to MS/MS with simpler instrumentation. This report presents selected DMS-MS experimental results, including resolution of complex test mixtures of isobaric compounds, separation of charge states, separation of isobaric biomarkers (citrate and isocitrate), and separation of nearly-isobaric biomarker anions in direct analysis of a bio-fluid sample from the radiation-treated group of a mouse-model study. These uses of DMS combined with moderate resolution MS instrumentation indicate the feasibility of field-deployable instrumentation for biomarker evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas R. Covey
- MDS Analytical Technologies, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8
| | | | - John B. Tyburski
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Kris W. Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
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Schneider BB, Covey TR, Coy SL, Krylov EV, Nazarov EG. Control of chemical effects in the separation process of a differential mobility mass spectrometer system. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2010; 16:57-71. [PMID: 20065515 PMCID: PMC3672227 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) separates ions on the basis of the difference in their migration rates under high versus low electric fields. Several models describing the physical nature of this field mobility dependence have been proposed but emerging as a dominant effect is the clusterization model sometimes referred to as the dynamic cluster-decluster model. DMS resolution and peak capacity is strongly influenced by the addition of modifiers which results in the formation and dissociation of clusters. This process increases selectivity due to the unique chemical interactions that occur between an ion and neutral gas-phase molecules. It is thus imperative to bring the parameters influencing the chemical interactions under control and find ways to exploit them in order to improve the analytical utility of the device. In this paper, we describe three important areas that need consideration in order to stabilize and capitalize on the chemical processes that dominate a DMS separation. The first involves means of controlling the dynamic equilibrium of the clustering reactions with high concentrations of specific reagents. The second area involves a means to deal with the unwanted heterogeneous cluster ion populations emitted from the electrospray ionization process that degrade resolution and sensitivity. The third involves fine control of parameters that affect the fundamental collision processes, temperature and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley B Schneider
- MDS Analytical Technologies, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8 Canada
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35
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Miniature Differential Mobility Spectrometry (DMS) Advances towards Portable Autonomous Health Diagnostic Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-15687-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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36
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Hatsis P, Valaskovic G, Wu JT. Online nanoelectrospray/high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry as a potential tool for discovery pharmaceutical bioanalysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3736-3742. [PMID: 19902415 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI) coupled online with high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) for small molecule analysis in a discovery pharmaceutical setting was examined. A conventional capillary pump, autosampler and nESI source were used to introduce samples directly into the FAIMS device. The FAIMS device was used to separate gas-phase ions on a timescale that was compatible with the mass spectrometer. The capability of the nESI-FAIMS combination to efficiently remove metabolite interferences from the parent drug, and reduce ion suppression effects, was demonstrated. On average, 85% of the signal intensity obtained from a neat sample was preserved in the extracted plasma samples. Standard curves were prepared for several compounds. Linearity was obtained over approximately 3 to 4 orders of magnitude. Comparison of results from nESI-FAIMS with those from conventional LC/MS for a mouse pharmacokinetic study yielded concentration values differing by no more than 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Hatsis
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., 35 Landsdowne St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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37
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Baumbach JI. Ion mobility spectrometry coupled with multi-capillary columns for metabolic profiling of human breath. J Breath Res 2009; 3:034001. [PMID: 21383463 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/3/3/034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) started to be used for direct breath analysis with respect to metabolic profiling, biomarker finding and gas trace analysis. The present review describes the basic operation of an ion mobility spectrometer including the ionization process, humidity effects and sampling procedures. To enhance the resolution, pre-separation by multi-capillary columns (MCCs) is discussed and examples for IMS chromatograms are presented. The focus is to review the analytical method IMS with respect to potential use for direct investigations of humid air in direct breath analysis but not on detailed discussion of results of specific medical application of MCC/IMS or on specific analytes found in exhaled air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Ingo Baumbach
- ISAS-Institute for Analytical Sciences, Department of Metabolomics, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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38
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Rapid screening of pesticides from fruit surfaces: preliminary examinations using a laser desorption—differential mobility spectrometry coupling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-008-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Tadjimukhamedov FK, Stone JA, Papanastasiou D, Rodriguez JE, Mueller W, Sukumar H, Eiceman GA. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/ion mobility spectrometry of chlorophenols with full flow from large bore LC columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-008-0004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Mie A, Ray A, Axelsson BO, Jörntén-Karlsson M, Reimann CT. Terbutaline Enantiomer Separation and Quantification by Complexation and Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry−Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4133-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ac702262k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Loughborough, United Kingdom, and Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-221 87 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew Ray
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Loughborough, United Kingdom, and Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-221 87 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt-Olof Axelsson
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Loughborough, United Kingdom, and Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-221 87 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Jörntén-Karlsson
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Loughborough, United Kingdom, and Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-221 87 Lund, Sweden
| | - Curt T. Reimann
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Loughborough, United Kingdom, and Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-221 87 Lund, Sweden
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Kanu AB, Dwivedi P, Tam M, Matz L, Hill HH. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1-22. [PMID: 18200615 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 752] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review article compares and contrasts various types of ion mobility-mass spectrometers available today and describes their advantages for application to a wide range of analytes. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), when coupled with mass spectrometry, offers value-added data not possible from mass spectra alone. Separation of isomers, isobars, and conformers; reduction of chemical noise; and measurement of ion size are possible with the addition of ion mobility cells to mass spectrometers. In addition, structurally similar ions and ions of the same charge state can be separated into families of ions which appear along a unique mass-mobility correlation line. This review describes the four methods of ion mobility separation currently used with mass spectrometry. They are (1) drift-time ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS), (2) aspiration ion mobility spectrometry (AIMS), (3) differential-mobility spectrometry (DMS) which is also called field-asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and (4) traveling-wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS). DTIMS provides the highest IMS resolving power and is the only IMS method which can directly measure collision cross-sections. AIMS is a low resolution mobility separation method but can monitor ions in a continuous manner. DMS and FAIMS offer continuous-ion monitoring capability as well as orthogonal ion mobility separation in which high-separation selectivity can be achieved. TWIMS is a novel method of IMS with a low resolving power but has good sensitivity and is well intergrated into a commercial mass spectrometer. One hundred and sixty references on ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IMMS) are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu B Kanu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
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