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Tonleu Temgoua RC, Kenfack Tonlé I, Boujtita M. Electrochemistry coupled with mass spectrometry for the prediction of the environmental fate and elucidation of the degradation mechanisms of pesticides: current status and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:340-350. [PMID: 36661397 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00451h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the crucial steps in the development of a new pesticide (active molecule) is predicting its environmental and in vivo fate, so as to determine potential consequences to a living organism's health and ecology as a whole. In this regard, pesticides undergo transformation processes in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Therefore, there is a need to investigate pesticide transformation products (TPs) and the formation processes they could undergo during the manufacturing process and when discharged into the ecosystem. Although methods based on biological in vitro and in vivo experimental models are tools of choice for the elucidation of metabolic pathways of pesticides (xenobiotics in general), electrochemistry-based techniques offer numerous advantages such as rapid and low-cost analysis, easy implementation, low sample volume requirement, no matrix effects, and miniaturization to improve the performance of the developed methods. However, for greater efficiency, electrochemistry (EC) should be coupled with analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS) and sometimes liquid chromatography (LC), leading to the so-called EC-MS and EC-LC-MS hybrid techniques. In this review, past studies, current applications and utilization of EC-MS and EC-LC-MS techniques for the simulation of environmental fate/degradation of pesticides were reviewed by selected studies with chemical transformation, structures of metabolites, and some experimental conditions. The current challenges and future trends for the mimicry and prediction of the environmental fate/degradation of pesticides based on electrochemical methods combined with mass spectrometry were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Clément Tonleu Temgoua
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
- University of Yaoundé I, Higher Teacher Training College, PO Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Dschang, Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Ignas Kenfack Tonlé
- University of Dschang, Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Dschang, Cameroon
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Temgoua RC, Bussy U, Alvarez-Dorta D, Galland N, Hémez J, Thobie-Gautier C, Tonlé IK, Boujtita M. Using electrochemistry coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry for the simulation of the environmental degradation of the recalcitrant fungicide carbendazim. Talanta 2021; 221:121448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Fangmeyer J, Behrens A, Gleede B, Waldvogel SR, Karst U. Mass-Spectrometric Imaging of Electrode Surfaces-a View on Electrochemical Side Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20428-20433. [PMID: 33448566 PMCID: PMC7693111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical side reactions, often referred to as "electrode fouling", are known to be a major challenge in electro-organic synthesis and the functionality of modern batteries. Often, polymerization of one or more components is observed. When reaching their limit of solubility, those polymers tend to adsorb on the surface of the electrode, resulting in a passivation of the respective electrode area, which may impact electrochemical performance. Here, matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is presented as valuable imaging technique to visualize polymer deposition on electrode surfaces. Oligomer size distribution and its dependency on the contact time were imaged on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode of an electrochemical flow-through cell. The approach allows to detect weak spots, where electrode fouling may take place and provides insight into the identity of side-product pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Fangmeyer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Arne Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Barbara Gleede
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
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Fangmeyer J, Behrens A, Gleede B, Waldvogel SR, Karst U. Mass‐Spectrometric Imaging of Electrode Surfaces—a View on Electrochemical Side Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Fangmeyer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Arne Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Barbara Gleede
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
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Simulation of the environmental degradation of diuron (herbicide) using electrochemistry coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gutmann A, Wesenberg LJ, Peez N, Waldvogel SR, Hoffmann T. Charged Tags for the Identification of Oxidative Drug Metabolites Based on Electrochemistry and Mass Spectrometry. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:568-572. [PMID: 32382470 PMCID: PMC7202420 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the active pharmaceutical ingredients like Metoprolol are oxidatively metabolized by liver enzymes, such as Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases into oxygenates and therefore hydrophilic products. It is of utmost importance to identify the metabolites and to gain knowledge on their toxic impacts. By using electrochemistry, it is possible to mimic enzymatic transformations and to identify metabolic hot spots. By introducing charged-tags into the intermediate, it is possible to detect and isolate metabolic products. The identification and synthesis of initially oxidized metabolites are important to understand possible toxic activities. The gained knowledge about the metabolism will simplify interpretation and predictions of metabolitic pathways. The oxidized products were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For proof-of-principle, we present a synthesis of one pyridinated main oxidation product of Metoprolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gutmann
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Lars Julian Wesenberg
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Nadine Peez
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
- Institute for Integrated Natural SciencesUniversity of KoblenzUniversitätsstraße 156072KoblenzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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Transformation Products of Organic Contaminants and Residues-Overview of Current Simulation Methods. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040753. [PMID: 30791496 PMCID: PMC6413221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of transformation products (TPs) from contaminants and residues is becoming an increasing focus of scientific community. All organic compounds can form different TPs, thus demonstrating the complexity and interdisciplinarity of this topic. The properties of TPs could stand in relation to the unchanged substance or be more harmful and persistent. To get important information about the generated TPs, methods are needed to simulate natural and manmade transformation processes. Current tools are based on metabolism studies, photochemical methods, electrochemical methods, and Fenton’s reagent. Finally, most transformation processes are based on redox reactions. This review aims to compare these methods for structurally different compounds. The groups of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, brominated flame retardants, and mycotoxins were selected as important residues/contaminants relating to their worldwide occurrence and impact to health, food, and environmental safety issues. Thus, there is an increasing need for investigation of transformation processes and identification of TPs by fast and reliable methods.
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Wang JG, Zhang Y, Yu X, Hua X, Wang F, Long YT, Zhu Z. Direct Molecular Evidence of Proton Transfer and Mass Dynamics at the Electrode-Electrolyte Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:251-258. [PMID: 30561218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proton transfer has been widely regarded as a key step in many electrochemical and biological processes. However, direct molecular evidence has long been lacking. In this work, we chose the electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen (APAP) as a model system and utilized in situ liquid time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) to molecularly examine proton solvation and transfer in this process. In addition, we successfully captured and identified the transient radical intermediate, providing solid molecular evidence to resolve an important debate in electron transfer-proton transfer oxidation mechanism of APAP. Moreover, the potential-dependent behaviors of both inert ions and electroactive species during the dynamic potential scanning were chemically monitored in real time and the mass diffusion mechanism regarding the electroactive and nonelectroactive species was revealed under polarized conditions. The results are consistent with our computer simulations. The observations in this work greatly improved our understanding of proton transfer and mass dynamics occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interface in complex electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
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Vandeput M, Rodríguez-Gómez R, Izere AM, Zafra-Gómez A, De Braekeleer K, Delporte C, Van Antwerpen P, Kauffmann JM. Electrochemical Studies of Ethoxyquin and its Determination in Salmon Samples by Flow Injection Analysis with an Amperometric Dual Detector. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vandeput
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Gómez
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Ange-Michaëlla Izere
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Granada; Campus of Fuentenueva E-18071 Granada Spain
| | - Kris De Braekeleer
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe Campus Plaine CP 205/05, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe Campus Plaine CP 205/05, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
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10
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Portychová L, Schug KA. Instrumentation and applications of electrochemistry coupled to mass spectrometry for studying xenobiotic metabolism: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 993:1-21. [PMID: 29078951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of metabolic pathways and biotransformation of xenobiotics, artificial substances foreign to the entire biological system, is crucial for elucidation of degradation routes of potentially toxic substances. Nowadays, there are many methods to simulate xenobiotic metabolism in the human body in vitro. In this review, the metabolism of various substances in the human body is described, followed by a summary of methods used for prediction of metabolic pathways and biotransformation. Above all, focus is placed on the coupling of electrochemistry to mass spectrometry, which is still a relatively new technique. This promising tool can mimic both oxidative phase I and conjugative phase II metabolism. Different experimental arrangements, with or without a separation step, and various applications of this technique are illustrated and critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Portychová
- Research Institute for Organic Synthesis, Inc., 533 54 Rybitví, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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Shestivska V, Rutter AV, Sulé-Suso J, Smith D, Španěl P. Evaluation of peroxidative stress of cancer cells in vitro by real-time quantification of volatile aldehydes in culture headspace. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1344-1352. [PMID: 28556307 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Peroxidation of lipids in cellular membranes results in the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including saturated aldehydes. The real-time quantification of trace VOCs produced by cancer cells during peroxidative stress presents a new challenge to non-invasive clinical diagnostics, which as described here, we have met with some success. METHODS A combination of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), a technique that allows rapid, reliable quantification of VOCs in humid air and liquid headspace, and electrochemistry to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro has been used. Thus, VOCs present in the headspace of CALU-1 cancer cell line cultures exposed to ROS have been monitored and quantified in real time using SIFT-MS. RESULTS The CALU-1 lung cancer cells were cultured in 3D collagen to mimic in vivo tissue. Real-time SIFT-MS analyses focused on the volatile aldehydes: propanal, butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal and malondialdehyde (propanedial), that are expected to be products of cellular membrane peroxidation. All six aldehydes were identified in the culture headspace, each reaching peak concentrations during the time of exposure to ROS and eventually reducing as the reactants were depleted in the culture. Pentanal and hexanal were the most abundant, reaching concentrations of a few hundred parts-per-billion by volume, ppbv, in the culture headspace. CONCLUSIONS The results of these experiments demonstrate that peroxidation of cancer cells in vitro can be monitored and evaluated by direct real-time analysis of the volatile aldehydes produced. The combination of adopted methodology potentially has value for the study of other types of VOCs that may be produced by cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Shestivska
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of Science, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail V Rutter
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Josep Sulé-Suso
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - David Smith
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of Science, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Electrochemistry coupled online to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for fast simulation of biotransformation reactions of the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3359-3368. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Kučerová P, Skopalová J, Kučera L, Táborský J, Švecová H, Lemr K, Cankař P, Barták P. Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine and identification of its oxidation products using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jabot C, Daniele G, Giroud B, Tchamitchian S, Belzunces LP, Casabianca H, Vulliet E. Detection and quantification of boscalid and its metabolites in honeybees. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 156:245-251. [PMID: 27179242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Boscalid is a new-generation fungicide that has been detected in several bee matrices. The objective of this work was to characterize boscalid metabolites in honeybees based on in vivo experimentation, and next to verify the presence of theses metabolites into honeybees from colonies presenting troubles. A methodology based on complementary mass spectrometric tools, namely ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF) or triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ) was implemented. Honeybees were sprayed with boscalid, at field rate (to induce the metabolization process) and the parent compound with its generated metabolites were then extracted using modified EU-QuEChERS method. The mass characteristics including exact mass, isotopic profile and mass fragments allowed assuming the structure of several metabolites. Some of them were unambiguously identified by comparison with synthesized analytical standards. The metabolites were resulted from hydroxylation and dechlorination of the parent compound as well as the substitution of a chlorine atom with an hydroxyl group. The metabolites were then quantified in bee samples collected from various beehives located in France. Boscalid and three of its metabolites were present in some samples at a level ranged between 0.2 and 36.3 ng/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Jabot
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gaëlle Daniele
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Barbara Giroud
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvie Tchamitchian
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 A&E, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Luc P Belzunces
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 A&E, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Hervé Casabianca
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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Stankiewicz A, Giebułtowicz J, Stankiewicz U, Wroczyński P, Nałęcz-Jawecki G. Determination of selected cardiovascular active compounds in environmental aquatic samples--Methods and results, a review of global publications from the last 10 years. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:642-656. [PMID: 26246273 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years cardiovascular diseases were the second most common cause of death worldwide. Therefore, the consumption of cardiovascular drugs is high, which might result in an increase of them in the environment. The major source of aquatic environmental contamination is still effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Unfortunately removal of cardiovascular active compounds and/or their metabolites in WWTP is still unsatisfactory. Among microbial and abiotic degradation of these compounds during wastewater processes, photolysis and photodegradation of cardiovascular drugs also play an important role. New formed compounds may be more toxic or retain the properties of parent compounds. Thus the main goal of this paper was to provide a detailed and comprehensive review of used analytical methods, coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to determine the presence of cardiovascular compounds in surface waters as well as WTTPs effluents and influents. Exhaustive preparation for mass spectrometry detection and quantitation including samples pre-treatment, and the common problem of the matrix effect are thoroughly explored in this paper. Additionally, the article provides some hints in respect of recently noted problematic issue related to the availability of specific standards for the analysis of drug's metabolites. Furthermore, information concerning the metabolism of cardiovascular active compounds including differences in metabolism within enantiomers is described. This article also touches on the problems associated with environmental risk assessment due to the presence of cardiovasculars in the environment. The paper also tries to explain differences in concentrations among cardiovascular compounds between countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stankiewicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw PL-02097, Poland
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw PL-02097, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Wroczyński
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw PL-02097, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw PL-02097, Poland
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Gul T, Bischoff R, Permentier HP. Electrosynthesis methods and approaches for the preparative production of metabolites from parent drugs. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Adduct formation of electrochemically generated reactive intermediates with biomolecules. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bussy U, Chung-Davidson YW, Li K, Li W. A quantitative assay for reductive metabolism of a pesticide in fish using electrochemistry coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:4450-4457. [PMID: 25730707 DOI: 10.1021/es5057769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to use electrochemistry to generate a nitro reduction metabolite as a standard for a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative assay. This approach is further used to quantify 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) reductive metabolism. TFM is a widely used pesticide for the population control of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), an invasive species of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Three animal models, sea lamprey, lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were selected to evaluate TFM reductive metabolism because they have been known to show differential susceptibilities to TFM toxicity. Amino-TFM (aTFM; 3-trifluoromethyl-4-aminophenol) was the only reductive metabolite identified through liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry screening of liver extracts incubated with TFM and was targeted for electrochemical synthesis. After synthesis and purification, aTFM was used to develop a quantitative assay of the reductive metabolism of TFM through liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The concentrations of aTFM were measured from TFM-treated cellular fractions, including cytosolic, nuclear, membrane, and mitochondrial protein extracts. Sea lamprey extracts produced the highest concentrations (500 ng/mL) of aTFM. In addition, sea lamprey and sturgeon cytosolic extracts showed concentrations of aTFM substantially higher than those of rainbow trout. However, other fractions of lake sturgeon extracts tend to show aTFM concentrations similar to those of rainbow trout but not with sea lamprey. These data suggest that the level of reductive metabolism of TFM may be associated with the sensitivities of the animals to this particular pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Bussy U, Jurva U, Boisseau R, Andresen-Bergström M, Silvestre V, Galland N, Jacquemin D, Boujtita M. Unexpected benzimidazole ring formation from a quinoneimide species in the presence of ammonium acetate as supporting electrolyte used in the coupling of electrochemistry with mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:456-460. [PMID: 26349468 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Electrochemistry (EC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has been used to study different phase-I reactions. Despite of the versatility of EC/MS, the effect of the nature of the supporting electrolyte on the formation of oxidation products has seldom been discussed during EC/MS experiments. Here, we present a comparison of two different supporting electrolytes and their effect on the identification of unstable intermediate oxidation species is discussed. METHODS The oxidation of acebutolol was performed with a coulometric cell in the presence of two supporting electrolytes namely ammonium acetate and lithium acetate. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOFMS) using a binary gradient (water/acetonitrile) with positive electrospray ionization was used to identify the oxidation products in the presence and absence of glutathione. Chemical structure elucidations of the oxidation products were performed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and were also supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. RESULTS From the electrochemical study and HRMS measurements, we demonstrate that the quinoneimide species resulting from the oxidative hydrolyses of acebutolol gives a benzimidazole ring product in the presence of ammonium acetate. Through the example of the oxidation of acebutolol, a correlation between the supporting electrolyte nature and oxidation product formation was established. The obtained results were supported by quantum mechanical calculations. CONCLUSIONS We present here evidence of the side reactions induced by the presence of ammonia as supporting electrolyte during EC/MS measurements. Acebutolol was used as a model to postulate an uncommon and unexpected side reaction leading to benzimidazole ring formation. The findings may help to understand the identification of the intermediate species in the oxidative degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Bussy
- LUNAM Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Ulrik Jurva
- CVMD iMed DMPK, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Renaud Boisseau
- LUNAM Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | | | - Virginie Silvestre
- LUNAM Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Galland
- LUNAM Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- LUNAM Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103, Boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005, Cedex 5, France
| | - Mohammed Boujtita
- LUNAM Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
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Pozniak BP, Cole RB. Perspective on electrospray ionization and its relation to electrochemistry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:369-385. [PMID: 25623197 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of electrospraying of liquids is presented from the perspective of the electrochemistry involved. Basics of current and liquid flow in the capillary and spray tip are discussed, followed by specifics of charging and discharging of the sprayed liquid surface. Fundamental theories and numerical modeling relating electrospray current to solution and spray parameters are described and then compared with our own experimentally obtained data. The method of mapping potentials and currents inside the electrospray capillary by using an inserted electrically-isolated small wire probe electrode is discussed in detail with illustrations from new and published data. Based on these experimentally obtained results, a new mathematical model is derived. The introduced "nonlinear resistor electrospray capillary model" divides the electrospray capillary into small sections, adds their contributions, and then, by transition to infinitely small section thickness, produces analytical formulas that relate current and potential maps to other properties of the electrospraying liquid: primarily conductivity and current density. The presentation of the model is undertaken from an elementary standpoint, and it offers the possibility to obtain quantitative information regarding operating parameters from typical analytical systems subjected to electrospray. The model stresses simplicity and ease of use; examples applying experimental data are shown and some predictions of the model are also presented. The developed nonlinear resistor electrospray capillary model is intended to provide a new quantitative basis for improving the understanding of electrochemical transformations occurring in the electrospray emitter. A supplemental material section gives full derivation of the model and discusses other consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boguslaw P Pozniak
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
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Oberacher H, Pitterl F, Erb R, Plattner S. Mass spectrometric methods for monitoring redox processes in electrochemical cells. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:64-92. [PMID: 24338642 PMCID: PMC4286209 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry (EC) is a mature scientific discipline aimed to study the movement of electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction. EC covers techniques that use a measurement of potential, charge, or current to determine the concentration or the chemical reactivity of analytes. The electrical signal is directly converted into chemical information. For in-depth characterization of complex electrochemical reactions involving the formation of diverse intermediates, products and byproducts, EC is usually combined with other analytical techniques, and particularly the hyphenation of EC with mass spectrometry (MS) has found broad applicability. The analysis of gases and volatile intermediates and products formed at electrode surfaces is enabled by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). In DEMS an electrochemical cell is sampled with a membrane interface for electron ionization (EI)-MS. The chemical space amenable to EC/MS (i.e., bioorganic molecules including proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and drugs) was significantly increased by employing electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. In the simplest setup, the EC of the ESI process is used to analytical advantage. A limitation of this approach is, however, its inability to precisely control the electrochemical potential at the emitter electrode. Thus, particularly for studying mechanistic aspects of electrochemical processes, the hyphenation of discrete electrochemical cells with ESI-MS was found to be more appropriate. The analytical power of EC/ESI-MS can further be increased by integrating liquid chromatography (LC) as an additional dimension of separation. Chromatographic separation was found to be particularly useful to reduce the complexity of the sample submitted either to the EC cell or to ESI-MS. Thus, both EC/LC/ESI-MS and LC/EC/ESI-MS are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Pitterl
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Erb
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Plattner
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruck, Austria
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23
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Bussy U, Delaforge M, El-Bekkali C, Ferchaud-Roucher V, Krempf M, Tea I, Galland N, Jacquemin D, Boujtita M. Acebutolol and alprenolol metabolism predictions: comparative study of electrochemical and cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6077-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Munitz MS, Resnik SL, Montti MI. Method development and validation for boscalid in blueberries by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography, and their degradation kinetics. Food Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Bussy U, Tea I, Ferchaud-Roucher V, Krempf M, Silvestre V, Galland N, Jacquemin D, Andresen-Bergström M, Jurva U, Boujtita M. Voltammetry coupled to mass spectrometry in the presence of isotope 18O labeled water for the prediction of oxidative transformation pathways of activated aromatic ethers: Acebutolol. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 762:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Melles D, Vielhaber T, Baumann A, Zazzeroni R, Karst U. In chemico evaluation of skin metabolism: Investigation of eugenol and isoeugenol by electrochemistry coupled to liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 913-914:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Odijk M, Olthuis W, van den Berg A, Qiao L, Girault H. Improved Conversion Rates in Drug Screening Applications Using Miniaturized Electrochemical Cells with Frit Channels. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9176-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301888g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Olthuis
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A. van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Liang Qiao
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical
Chemistry, EPFL, Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Hubert Girault
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical
Chemistry, EPFL, Lausanne,
Switzerland
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28
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Macíková P, Skopalová J, Cankař P, Papoušková B, Straková R, Jirovský D, Maier V. Electrochemical Oxidation of Tolterodine. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Jahn S, Karst U. Electrochemistry coupled to (liquid chromatography/) mass spectrometry—Current state and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:16-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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30
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Erb R, Plattner S, Pitterl F, Brouwer HJ, Oberacher H. An optimized electrochemistry-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for studying guanosine oxidation. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:614-21. [PMID: 22451054 PMCID: PMC3474898 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can disrupt the integrity of genetic material. Due to its importance in the pathogenesis of different kinds of disease, including neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer, major efforts are put into the elucidation of mechanisms involved. Herein, the combination of electrochemistry/liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (EC/LC/MS) is presented as convenient, fast and simple method to study nucleic acids oxidation. Guanosine was selected as test compound. 8-Hydroxyguanosine and (guanosine-H)2 were identified as primary oxidation products. Oxidation was accomplished in an electrochemical thin-layer cell integrated in the flow path of the autosampler of the chromatographic system. The reaction mixture was separated and mass analyzed by LC/MS. The use of LC was found to be particularly beneficial to resolve isobaric oxidation products. Another advantage of the setup used was the ability to decouple the electrochemical cell and the electrospray ionization source from each other eliminating any kind of cell potential interaction. Separation of EC from LC/MS, furthermore, facilitates method optimization. Experimental parameters were optimized for both techniques independently. Highest yields and best detectability of oxidation products were obtained with 10 mM ammonium formate at physiological pH delivered at a flow rate of 2.5-5 μL/min through the electrochemical cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Erb
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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31
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Electrochemical oxidation and protein adduct formation of aniline: a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:377-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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32
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Karady M, Novák O, Horna A, Strnad M, Doležal K. High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrochemistry-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/EC/ESI-MS) for Detection and Characterization of Roscovitine Oxidation Products. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Nouri-Nigjeh E, Permentier HP, Bischoff R, Bruins AP. Electrochemical Oxidation by Square-Wave Potential Pulses in the Imitation of Oxidative Drug Metabolism. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5519-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200897p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Nouri-Nigjeh
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar P. Permentier
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andries P. Bruins
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Electrochemistry-mass spectrometry for mechanistic studies and simulation of oxidation processes in the environment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1859-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Tong W, Chowdhury SK, Su AD, Alton KB. Quantitation of Parent Drug and Its Unstable Metabolites by in Situ Coulometric Oxidation and Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:10251-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102538s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Swapan K. Chowdhury
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ai-Duen Su
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kevin B. Alton
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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36
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Nouri-Nigjeh E, Permentier HP, Bischoff R, Bruins AP. Lidocaine Oxidation by Electrogenerated Reactive Oxygen Species in the Light of Oxidative Drug Metabolism. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7625-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101364s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Nouri-Nigjeh
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar P. Permentier
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andries P. Bruins
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Pitterl F, Chervet JP, Oberacher H. Electrochemical simulation of oxidation processes involving nucleic acids monitored with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1203-15. [PMID: 20393841 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation is commonly involved in the alteration of nucleic acids giving rise to diverse effects including mutation, cell death, malignancy, and aging. We demonstrate that electrochemistry represents an efficient and fast method to mimic oxidative modification of nucleic acids occurring in biological systems. Oxidation reactions were performed in a thin-layer cell employing a conductive diamond electrode as the working electrode and were monitored with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Mass voltammograms were acquired for guanosine, adenosine, cytidine, and uridine. The observed oxidation potentials increased in the order guanosine << adenosine < cytidine < uridine. Oxidation products of guanosine were characterized using high-resolution (tandem) mass spectrometry performed with a quadrupole-quadrupole time-of-flight instrument. On the basis of these experiments, it was concluded that the initial electrode reaction involves a one-electron, one-proton step to give a free radical. The primary oxidation product represents the starting point for a number of follow-up reactions, including guanosine dimerization as well as further oxidation to 8-hydroxyguanosine. Similar results were obtained for guanosine monophosphate and the corresponding dinucleotide. Furthermore, the guanosine radical was identified as an important intermediate for the formation of a covalent adduct with acetaminophen. This observation sheds new light on the mechanism of adduct formation as it demonstrates that oxidative activation of both the nucleobase and the adduct-forming agent is necessary to observe a detectable amount of adduct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pitterl
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Muellerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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38
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Baumann A, Karst U. Online electrochemistry/mass spectrometry in drug metabolism studies: principles and applications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:715-31. [DOI: 10.1517/17425251003713527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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39
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Gutkin V, Gun J, Lev O. Electrochemical Deposition−Stripping Analysis of Molecules and Proteins by Online Electrochemical Flow Cell/Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8396-404. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901285m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Gutkin
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, The Chemistry Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Jenny Gun
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, The Chemistry Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Ovadia Lev
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, The Chemistry Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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40
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Lohmann W, Karst U. Electrochemistry meets enzymes: instrumental on-line simulation of oxidative and conjugative metabolism reactions of toremifene. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:1341-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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