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Jusztus V, Medyouni G, Bagosi A, Lampé R, Panyi G, Matolay O, Maka E, Krasznai ZT, Vörös O, Hajdu P. Activity of Potassium Channels in CD8 + T Lymphocytes: Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1949. [PMID: 38396628 PMCID: PMC10888402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a role in the suppression of tumor growth and immunotherapy. Ion channels control the Ca2+-dependent function of CD8+ lymphocytes such as cytokine/granzyme production and tumor killing. Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 K+ channels stabilize the negative membrane potential of T cells to maintain Ca2+ influx through CRAC channels. We assessed the expression of Kv1.3, KCa3.1 and CRAC in CD8+ cells from ovarian cancer (OC) patients (n = 7). We found that the expression level of Kv1.3 was higher in patients with malignant tumors than in control or benign tumor groups while the KCa3.1 activity was lower in the malignant tumor group as compared to the others. We demonstrated that the Ca2+ response in malignant tumor patients is higher compared to control groups. We propose that altered Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 expression in CD8+ cells in OC could be a reporter and may serve as a biomarker in diagnostics and that increased Ca2+ response through CRAC may contribute to the impaired CD8+ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Jusztus
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
| | - Ghofrane Medyouni
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
| | - Adrienn Bagosi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
| | - Rudolf Lampé
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.L.); (O.M.); (E.M.); (Z.T.K.)
| | - György Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
| | - Orsolya Matolay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.L.); (O.M.); (E.M.); (Z.T.K.)
| | - Eszter Maka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.L.); (O.M.); (E.M.); (Z.T.K.)
| | - Zoárd Tibor Krasznai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.L.); (O.M.); (E.M.); (Z.T.K.)
| | - Orsolya Vörös
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
| | - Péter Hajdu
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Dai C, Tan M, Meng X, Dong J, Zhang Y. Effects of potassium channel knockdown on peripheral blood T lymphocytes and NFAT signaling pathway in Xinjiang Kazak patients with hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2169449. [PMID: 36691302 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2169449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD AND AIM T lymphocytes are involved in the occurrence and development of essential hypertension, and potassium channels are thought to be critical for lymphocyte activation. This study is to examine the roles of the voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv1.3) and calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa3.1) in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in Kazakh hypertensive patients of Xinjiang, China, mainly focusing on the effects of these channels on nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and inflammatory cytokines of T lymphocytes. METHOD Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 gene silencing were performed in cultured T lymphocytes from Kazakh patients with severe hypertension. T cell proliferation after gene silencing was measured using CCK-8. The mRNA and protein expression levels were measured using RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Nuclear translocation of NFAT was observed using laser confocal fluorescence microscopy. Inflammatory cytokine levels were detected with ELISA. RESULTS Compared with control group, gene silencing of Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 respectively inhibited the proliferation of T cells. Moreover, compared with the control group, the mRNA expression levels of NFAT, IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased after gene silencing. Furthermore, the NFAT protein expression level was significantly down-regulated. In addition, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 in the cell culture supernatant were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION Both Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 potassium channels activated T lymphocytes and enhanced the cytokine secretion possibly through CaN/NFAT signaling pathway, which may in turn induce micro-inflammatory responses and trigger the occurrence and progression of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Meng Tan
- Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaopan Meng
- Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- Oncology Cardiology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Chimote AA, Alshwimi AO, Chirra M, Gawali VS, Powers-Fletcher MV, Hudock KM, Conforti L. Immune and ionic mechanisms mediating the effect of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1143350. [PMID: 37033961 PMCID: PMC10080085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe COVID-19 is characterized by cytokine storm, an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines that contributes to acute lung damage and death. Dexamethasone is routinely used to treat severe COVID-19 and has been shown to reduce patient mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of dexamethasone are poorly understood. Methods We conducted transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients with mild disease, and patients with severe COVID-19 with and without dexamethasone treatment. We then treated healthy donor PBMCs in vitro with dexamethasone and investigated the effects of dexamethasone treatment ion channel abundance (by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry) and function (by electrophysiology, Ca2+ influx measurements and cytokine release) in T cells. Results We observed that dexamethasone treatment in severe COVID-19 inhibited pro-inflammatory and immune exhaustion pathways, circulating cytotoxic and Th1 cells, interferon (IFN) signaling, genes involved in cytokine storm, and Ca2+ signaling. Ca2+ influx is regulated by Kv1.3 potassium channels, but their role in COVID-19 pathogenesis remains elusive. Kv1.3 mRNA was increased in PBMCs of severe COVID-19 patients, and was significantly reduced in the dexamethasone-treated group. In agreement with these findings, in vitro treatment of healthy donor PBMCs with dexamethasone reduced Kv1.3 abundance in T cells and CD56dimNK cells. Furthermore, functional studies showed that dexamethasone treatment significantly reduced Kv1.3 activity, Ca2+ influx and IFN-g production in T cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that dexamethasone attenuates inflammatory cytokine release via Kv1.3 suppression, and this mechanism contributes to dexamethasone-mediated immunosuppression in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameet A. Chimote
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Abdulaziz O. Alshwimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Martina Chirra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vaibhavkumar S. Gawali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Margaret V. Powers-Fletcher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kristin M. Hudock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Laura Conforti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura Conforti,
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How the Potassium Channel Response of T Lymphocytes to the Tumor Microenvironment Shapes Antitumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153564. [PMID: 35892822 PMCID: PMC9330401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Competent antitumor immune cells are fundamental for tumor surveillance and combating active cancers. Once established, tumors generate a tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of complex cellular and metabolic elements that serve to suppress the function of antitumor immune cells. T lymphocytes are key cellular elements of the TME. In this review, we explore the role of ion channels, particularly K+ channels, in mediating the suppressive effects of the TME on T cells. First, we will review the complex network of ion channels that mediate Ca2+ influx and control effector functions in T cells. Then, we will discuss how multiple features of the TME influence the antitumor capabilities of T cells via ion channels. We will focus on hypoxia, adenosine, and ionic imbalances in the TME, as well as overexpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 by cancer cells that either suppress K+ channels in T cells and/or benefit from regulating these channels’ activity, ultimately shaping the immune response. Finally, we will review some of the cancer treatment implications related to ion channels. A better understanding of the effects of the TME on ion channels in T lymphocytes could promote the development of more effective immunotherapies, especially for resistant solid malignancies.
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Newton HS, Dobrovolskaia MA. Immunophenotyping: Analytical approaches and role in preclinical development of nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114281. [PMID: 35405297 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products can activate immune cells, suppress their function, or change the immune responses to traditional immunologically active agonists such as those present in microbes. Therefore, the assessment of immunostimulation, immunosuppression, and immunomodulation comprises the backbone of immunotoxicity studies of new drug entities. Depending on physicochemical properties (e.g., size, charge, surface functionalities, hydrophobicity), nanoparticles can be immunostimulatory, immunosuppressive, and immunomodulatory. Various methods and experimental frameworks have been established to support preclinical translational studies of nanotechnology-based drug products. Immunophenotyping after the exposure of cells or preclinical animal models to nanoparticles can provide critical information about the changes in both the numbers of immune cells and their activation status. However, this methodology is underutilized in preclinical studies of engineered nanomaterials. Herein, we review current literature about varieties of instrumentation and methods utilized for immunophenotyping, discuss their advantages and limitations, and propose a roadmap for applying immunophenotyping to support preclinical immunological characterization of nanotechnology-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Newton
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick MD, USA.
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Gawali VS, Chimote AA, Newton HS, Feria-Garzón MG, Chirra M, Janssen EM, Wise-Draper TM, Conforti L. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Regulate K + Channel Activity in Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes of Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:742862. [PMID: 34512366 PMCID: PMC8429813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.742862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) interaction negatively regulates T cell function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Overexpression of PD-1 reduces intracellular Ca2+ fluxes, and thereby T cell effector functions. In HNSCC patients, PD-1 blockade increases KCa3.1 and Kv1.3 activity along with Ca2+ signaling and mobility in CD8+ peripheral blood T cells (PBTs). The mechanism by which PD-L1/PD-1 interaction regulates ion channel function is not known. We investigated the effects of blocking PD-1 and PD-L1 on ion channel functions and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in CD8+ PBTs of HNSCC patients and healthy donors (HDs) using single-cell electrophysiology and live microscopy. Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies increase KCa3.1 and Kv1.3 function in CD8+ PBTs of HNSCC patients. Anti-PD-1 treatment increases Ca2+ fluxes in a subset of HSNCC patients. In CD8+ PBTs of HDs, exposure to PD-L1 reduces KCa3.1 activity and Ca2+ signaling, which were restored by anti-PD-1 treatment. The PD-L1-induced inhibition of KCa3.1 channels was rescued by the intracellular application of the PI3 kinase modulator phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) in patch-clamp experiments. In HNSCC CD8+ PBTs, anti-PD-1 treatment did not affect the expression of KCa3.1, Kv1.3, Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, and markers of cell activation (CD69) and exhaustion (LAG-3 and TIM-3). Our data show that immune checkpoint blockade improves T cell function by increasing KCa3.1 and Kv1.3 channel activity in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhavkumar S Gawali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ameet A Chimote
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hannah S Newton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Manuel G Feria-Garzón
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Martina Chirra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Edith M Janssen
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Trisha M Wise-Draper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Laura Conforti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Newton HS, Chimote AA, Arnold MJ, Wise-Draper TM, Conforti L. Targeted knockdown of the adenosine A 2A receptor by lipid NPs rescues the chemotaxis of head and neck cancer memory T cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 21:133-143. [PMID: 33816646 PMCID: PMC8005736 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In solid malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the immunosuppressive molecule adenosine, which accumulates in the tumor, suppresses cytotoxic CD8+ T cell functions including chemotaxis and tumor infiltration. Adenosine functions through binding to the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) present on T cells. In order to increase T cell migration into the tumor, the negative effect of adenosine must be abrogated. Systemic drug treatments targeting A2AR are available; however, they could lead to negative toxicities due to the broad expression of this receptor. Herein, we developed a lipid nanoparticle (NP)-based targeted delivery approach to knock down A2AR in T cells in order to increase their chemotaxis in the presence of adenosine. By using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and 3D-chemotaxis, we demonstrated that CD45RO-labeled nanoparticles delivering ADORA2A gene-silencing-RNAs decreased ADORA2A mRNA expression and rescued the chemotaxis of HNSCC CD8+ memory T cells. Overall, the data indicate that targeting the adenosine signaling pathway with lipid NPs is successful at suppressing the inhibitory effect of adenosine on the chemotaxis of HNSCC memory T cells, which could ultimately help increase T cell infiltration into the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S. Newton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ameet A. Chimote
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael J. Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Trisha M. Wise-Draper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laura Conforti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Khodoun M, Chimote AA, Ilyas FZ, Duncan HJ, Moncrieffe H, Kant KS, Conforti L. Targeted knockdown of Kv1.3 channels in T lymphocytes corrects the disease manifestations associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/47/eabd1471. [PMID: 33208373 PMCID: PMC7673800 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is an autoimmune disease with substantial morbidity/mortality and limited efficacy of available therapies. Memory T (Tm) lymphocytes infiltrate LN kidneys, contributing to organ damage. Analysis of LN, diabetic nephropathy, and healthy donor kidney biopsies revealed high infiltration of active CD8+ Tm cells expressing high voltage-dependent Kv1.3 potassium channels-key T cell function regulators-in LN. Nanoparticles that selectively down-regulate Kv1.3 in Tm cells (Kv1.3-NPs) reduced CD40L and interferon-γ (IFNγ) in Tm cells from LN patients in vitro. Kv1.3-NPs were tested in humanized LN mice obtained by engrafting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from LN patients into immune-deficient mice. LN mice exhibited features of the disease: increased IFNγ and CD3+CD8+ T cell renal infiltration, and reduced survival versus healthy donor PBMC engrafted mice. Kv1.3-NP treatment of patient PBMCs before engraftment decreased CD40L/IFNγ and prolonged survival of LN mice. These data show the potential benefits of targeting Kv1.3 in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat Khodoun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ameet A Chimote
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Farhan Z Ilyas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Heather J Duncan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Halima Moncrieffe
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K Shashi Kant
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laura Conforti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Hutchings CJ, Colussi P, Clark TG. Ion channels as therapeutic antibody targets. MAbs 2018; 11:265-296. [PMID: 30526315 PMCID: PMC6380435 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1548232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that antibodies have numerous potential benefits when developed as therapeutics. Here, we evaluate the technical challenges of raising antibodies to membrane-spanning proteins together with enabling technologies that may facilitate the discovery of antibody therapeutics to ion channels. Additionally, we discuss the potential targeting opportunities in the anti-ion channel antibody landscape, along with a number of case studies where functional antibodies that target ion channels have been reported. Antibodies currently in development and progressing towards the clinic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theodore G. Clark
- TetraGenetics Inc, Arlington Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York, USA
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10
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Chimote AA, Balajthy A, Arnold MJ, Newton HS, Hajdu P, Qualtieri J, Wise-Draper T, Conforti L. A defect in KCa3.1 channel activity limits the ability of CD8 + T cells from cancer patients to infiltrate an adenosine-rich microenvironment. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/527/eaaq1616. [PMID: 29692361 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaq1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The limited ability of cytotoxic T cells to infiltrate solid tumors hampers immune surveillance and the efficacy of immunotherapies in cancer. Adenosine accumulates in solid tumors and inhibits tumor-specific T cells. Adenosine inhibits T cell motility through the A2A receptor (A2AR) and suppression of KCa3.1 channels. We conducted three-dimensional chemotaxis experiments to elucidate the effect of adenosine on the migration of peripheral blood CD8+ T cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. The chemotaxis of HNSCC CD8+ T cells was reduced in the presence of adenosine, and the effect was greater on HNSCC CD8+ T cells than on healthy donor (HD) CD8+ T cells. This response correlated with the inability of CD8+ T cells to infiltrate tumors. The effect of adenosine was mimicked by an A2AR agonist and prevented by an A2AR antagonist. We found no differences in A2AR expression, 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate abundance, or protein kinase A type 1 activity between HNSCC and HD CD8+ T cells. We instead detected a decrease in KCa3.1 channel activity, but not expression, in HNSCC CD8+ T cells. Activation of KCa3.1 channels by 1-EBIO restored the ability of HNSCC CD8+ T cells to chemotax in the presence of adenosine. Our data highlight the mechanism underlying the increased sensitivity of HNSCC CD8+ T cells to adenosine and the potential therapeutic benefit of KCa3.1 channel activators, which could increase infiltration of these T cells into tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameet A Chimote
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Andras Balajthy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Michael J Arnold
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Hannah S Newton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Peter Hajdu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Julianne Qualtieri
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Trisha Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Laura Conforti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Gurusamy D, Clever D, Eil R, Restifo NP. Novel "Elements" of Immune Suppression within the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 5:426-433. [PMID: 28576921 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive evolution has prompted immune cells to use a wide variety of inhibitory signals, many of which are usurped by tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. Although tumor immunologists often focus on genes and proteins as mediators of immune function, here we highlight two elements from the periodic table-oxygen and potassium-that suppress the immune system in previously unappreciated ways. While both are key to the maintenance of T-cell function and tissue homeostasis, they are exploited by tumors to suppress immuno-surveillance and promote metastatic spread. We discuss the temporal and spatial roles of these elements within the tumor microenvironment and explore possible therapeutic interventions for effective and promising anticancer therapies. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(6); 426-33. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devikala Gurusamy
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - David Clever
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert Eil
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland. .,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
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12
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Chimote AA, Hajdu P, Sfyris AM, Gleich BN, Wise-Draper T, Casper KA, Conforti L. Kv1.3 Channels Mark Functionally Competent CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 77:53-61. [PMID: 27815390 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are potent mediators of an antitumor response. However, their function is attenuated in solid tumors. CD8+ T-cell effector functions, such as cytokine and granzyme production, depend on cytoplasmic Ca2+, which is controlled by ion channels. In particular, Kv1.3 channels regulate the membrane potential and Ca2+ influx in human effector memory T (TEM) cells. In this study, we assessed the contribution of reduced Kv1.3 and Ca2+ flux on TIL effector function in head and neck cancer (HNC). We obtained tumor samples and matched peripheral blood from 14 patients with HNC. CD3+ TILs were composed of 57% CD4+ (82% TEM and 20% Tregs) and 36% CD8+ cells. Electrophysiology revealed a 70% reduction in functional Kv1.3 channels in TILs as compared with peripheral blood T cells from paired patients, which was accompanied by a decrease in Ca2+ influx. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that CD8+ TILs expressing high Kv1.3 preferentially localized in the stroma. Importantly, high expression of Kv1.3 correlated with high Ki-67 and granzyme B expression. Overall, these data indicate that defective Kv1.3 channels and Ca2+ fluxes in TILs may contribute to reduced immune surveillance in HNC. Cancer Res; 77(1); 53-61. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameet A Chimote
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter Hajdu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alexandros M Sfyris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brittany N Gleich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Trisha Wise-Draper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Keith A Casper
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura Conforti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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