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Matzinger P. Autoimmunity: Are we asking the right question? Front Immunol 2022; 13:864633. [PMID: 36405714 PMCID: PMC9671104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the main question immunologists have asked about autoimmunity is "what causes a break in self-tolerance?" We have not found good answers to that question, and I believe we are still so ignorant because it's the wrong question. Rather than a break in self-tolerance, I suggest that many autoimmune diseases might be due to defects in normal tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Matzinger
- Ghost Lab, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Rajaei E, Jalali MT, Shahrabi S, Asnafi AA, Pezeshki SMS. HLAs in Autoimmune Diseases: Dependable Diagnostic Biomarkers? Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 15:269-276. [PMID: 30644346 DOI: 10.2174/1573397115666190115143226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of antigen presentation to immune cells is an undeniable contributor to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Different studies have indicated several factors that are related to autoimmunity. Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) are among such factors, which have a key role in autoimmunity because of their involvement in antigen presentation process. METHODS Relevant English language literature was searched and retrieved from Google Scholar search engine and PubMed database (1996-2018). The following keywords were used: "Human leukocyte antigen", "Behcet's syndrome", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Type 1 diabetes", "Celiac Disease" and "Autoimmunity". RESULTS There is a strong association between HLA alleles and autoimmune diseases. For instance, HLA-B alleles and Behcet's syndrome are strongly correlated, and systemic lupus erythematosus and Type 1 diabetes are related to HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1, respectively. CONCLUSION Association between numerous HLA alleles and autoimmune diseases may justify and rationalize their use as biomarkers as well as possible diagnostic laboratory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rajaei
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taha Jalali
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Amin Asnafi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research center, Health research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Pezeshki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research center, Health research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Amiri A, Rasras S, Saki N, Marandi H, Sadegh Pezeshki S. Meningioma and expression of human leukocyte antigen-B5, 7, 8, 27, and 51: Is there any relevance? CLINICAL CANCER INVESTIGATION JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ccij.ccij_44_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Xue K, Niu WQ, Cui Y. Association of HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR15 Polymorphisms with Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 131:2844-2851. [PMID: 30511687 PMCID: PMC6278195 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.246058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease under genetic control. Growing evidences support the genetic predisposition of HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphisms to SLE, yet the results are not often reproducible. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of two polymorphisms of HLA-DRB1 gene (HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR15) with the risk of SLE via a comprehensive meta-analysis. Methods: This study complied with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Case-control studies on HLA-DRB1 and SLE were searched from PubMed, Elsevier Science, Springer Link, Medline, and Cochrane Library database as of June 2018. Analysis was based on the random-effects model using STATA software version 14.0. Results: A total of 23 studies were retained for analysis, including 5261 cases and 9838 controls. Overall analysis revealed that HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR15 polymorphisms were associated with the significant risk of SLE (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.316–1.934, P = 0.129 and OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.334–2.112, P = 0.001, respectively). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that for both HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR15 polymorphisms, ethnicity was a possible source of heterogeneity. Specifically, HLA-DR3 polymorphism was not associated with SLE in White populations (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.320–1.960, P = 0.522) and HLA-DR15 polymorphism in East Asian populations (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.248–2.173, P = 0.001). In addition, source of control was another possible source for both HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR15 polymorphisms, with observable significance for HLA-DR3 in only population-based studies (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.370–1.990, P = 0.244) and for HLA-DR15 in both population-based and hospital-based studies (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.078–1.760, P = 0.123 and OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.738–2.490, P = 0.881, respectively). Conclusions: HLA-DRB1 gene may be a SLE-susceptibility gene, and it shows evident ethnic heterogeneity. Further prospective validations across multiple ethnical groups are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xue
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wen-Quan Niu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Jackman RP, Cruz GI, Nititham J, Triulzi DJ, Barcellos LF, Criswell LA, Norris PJ, Busch MP. Increased alloreactive and autoreactive antihuman leucocyte antigen antibodies associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Lupus Sci Med 2018; 5:e000278. [PMID: 30305912 PMCID: PMC6173266 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately affect women during and following childbearing years. Antihuman leucocyte antigen (HLA) alloantibody responses are common in healthy parous women, and as these diseases are both linked with HLA and immune dysregulation, we sought to evaluate anti-HLA antibodies in RA and SLE. Methods Anti-HLA antibodies were measured among parous SLE cases (n=224), parous RA cases (n=202) and healthy parous controls (n=239) and compared with each other as well as with nulliparous female and male controls. Antibody specificities were identified and compared against subject HLA types to determine autoreactivity versus alloreactivity. The association of anti-HLA antibodies with clinical outcomes was evaluated. Results Levels and frequencies of anti-HLA antibodies were significantly higher among parous females with SLE (52%) or RA (46%) compared with controls (26%), and anti-HLA antibodies were also found among nulliparous females and males with SLE and RA. Autoreactive anti-HLA antibodies were observed among SLE and RA antibody-positive subjects, but not healthy controls, with the highest frequency of autoreactive anti-HLA antibodies found in the SLE subjects. Higher levels of anti-HLA antibodies were associated with nephritis among the nulliparous SLE cases (p<0.01). The presence of anti-class I HLA antibodies was associated with younger age at diagnosis among both the RA and SLE nulliparous cases. Conclusions Both autoreactive and alloreactive anti-HLA antibodies were found at high levels in RA and SLE subjects. These occurred even in the absence of alloexposure, particularly among SLE subjects and may be linked with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael P Jackman
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Giovanna I Cruz
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Joanne Nititham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Darrell J Triulzi
- Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philip J Norris
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Abstract
The number of peer-reviewed articles published during the 2016 solar year and retrieved using the "autoimmunity" key word remained stable while gaining a minimal edge among the immunology articles. Nonetheless, the quality of the publications has been rising significantly and, importantly, acquisitions have become available through scientific journals dedicated to immunology or autoimmunity. Major discoveries have been made in the fields of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmunity of the central nervous system, vasculitis, and seronegative spondyloarthrithritides. Selected examples include the role of IL17-related genes and long noncoding RNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus or the effects of anti-pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in the treatment of this paradigmatic autoimmune condition. In the case of rheumatoid arthritis, there have been reports of the role of induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) or fibrocytes and T cell interactions with exciting implications. The large number of studies dealing with neuroimmunology pointed to Th17 cells, CD56(bright) NK cells, and low-level TLR2 ligands as involved in multiple sclerosis, along with a high salt intake or the micriobiome-derived Lipid 654. Lastly, we focused on the rare vasculitides to which numerous studies were devoted and suggested that unsuspected cell populations, including monocytes, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and innate lymphoid cells, may be crucial to ANCA-associated manifestations. This brief and arbitrary discussion of the findings published in 2016 is representative of a promising background for developments that will enormously impact the work of laboratory scientists and physicians at an exponential rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, via A. Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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de Holanda MI, Klumb E, Imada A, Lima LA, Alcântara I, Gregório F, Christiani LF, Martins CO, Timoner BE, Motta J, Pozzan R, Pôrto LC. The prevalence of HLA alleles in a lupus nephritis population. Transpl Immunol 2018; 47:37-43. [PMID: 29421495 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease that involves multiple organ systems. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a complication of SLE and is associated with poor survival and high morbidity. Many genomic studies have been performed worldwide, and several histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci are linked to lupus susceptibility. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the association of HLA alleles in a lupus patient population, LN group and control group. The second objective evaluated whether HLA allele match or mismatch influenced kidney graft survival in a kidney transplanted lupus population. METHODS This study was a retrospective study of 2 major groups: general lupus patients (GSLE - n = 108) and a control group (GControl - n = 216). Both groups were also divided into subgroups. RESULTS The control group was divided into two subgroups: a healthy control group (HeCTRL) and transplant control group (TxCTRL). The GSLE group was composed of transplanted lupus patients (TxSLE) and non-transplanted lupus patients (nTxSLE). Comparison of the demographics between groups did not reveal differences between ethnicity and gender. A difference in the prevalence of three alleles, B*08, DRB1*08 and DRB1*15, was observed. These alleles were more prevalent in the lupus subgroups compared to the control groups. Five-year survival was not different between patients carrying the allele DRB1*15 in either group (overall p = 0.075; TxSLE p = 0.419; TxCTRL = 0.309). The presence of the match with this allele in the receptor was evaluated and did not demonstrate any difference in graft survival in both groups (p = 0.146) or when analyzed separately in each group (TxCTRL p = 0.739; TxSLE = 0.297). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the presence of HLA-DRB1*15 was a strong factor that predisposed patients to the development of SLE and LN, but did not influence kidney graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evandro Klumb
- Rheumatology Service, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Alicia Imada
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Brazil
| | - Livia A Lima
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Branca Engel Timoner
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Juliana Motta
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pozzan
- Cardiology Service, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Luis Cristóvão Pôrto
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil.
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Ma WT, Chang C, Gershwin ME, Lian ZX. Development of autoantibodies precedes clinical manifestations of autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2017; 83:95-112. [PMID: 28739356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of autoimmune diseases is due to a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors that alter the expression of immune regulatory genes through various mechanisms including epigenetics. Both humoral and cellular elements of the adaptive immune system play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the presence of autoantibodies have been detected in most but not all autoimmune diseases before the appearance of clinical symptoms. In some cases, the presence or levels of these autoantibodies portends not only the risk of developing a corresponding autoimmune disease, but occasionally the severity as well. This observation is intriguing because it suggests that we can, to some degree, predict who may or may not develop autoimmune diseases. However, the role of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, whether they actually affect disease progression or are merely an epiphenomenon is still not completely clear in many autoimmune diseases. Because of these gaps in our knowledge, the ability to accurately predict a future autoimmune disease can only be considered a relative risk factor. Importantly, it raises the critical question of defining other events that may drive a patient from a preclinical to a clinical phase of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Cruz GI, Shao X, Quach H, Ho KA, Sterba K, Noble JA, Patsopoulos NA, Busch MP, Triulzi DJ, Wong WS, Solomon BD, Niederhuber JE, Criswell LA, Barcellos LF. Increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis among mothers with children who carry DRB1 risk-associated alleles. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1405-1410. [PMID: 28391248 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a child's genotype affects a mother's risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) beyond the risk associated with her genotype and to test whether exposure to fetal alleles inherited from the father increases risk of RA among mothers without risk alleles. METHODS A case-control study was conducted among 1165 mothers (170 cases/995 controls) and their respective 1482 children. We tested the association between having any child with alleles encoding amino acids (AAs) associated with RA including the 'shared epitope' (SE) and DERAA AA sequences at positions 70-74; AA valine, lysine and alanine at positions 11, 71 and 74 of HLA-DRB1; aspartic acid at position 9 of HLA-B and phenylalanine at position 9 of DPB1. We used logistic regression models to estimate OR and 95% CI for each group of alleles, adjusting for maternal genotype and number of live births. RESULTS We found increased risk of RA among mothers who had any child with SE (OR 3.0; 95% CI 2.0 to 4.6); DERAA (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.6); or valine (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.6 to 3.5), lysine (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5 to 3.4) and alanine (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2 to 6.4) at DRB1 positions 11, 71 and 74, respectively. Among non-carrier mothers, increased risk of RA was associated with having children who carried DERAA (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.7) and alleles encoding lysine at DRB1 position 71 (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5 to 4.8). CONCLUSION Findings support the hypothesis that a child's genotype can contribute independently to risk of RA among mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Ibeth Cruz
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Xiaorong Shao
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hong Quach
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kimberly A Ho
- Department of Medicine, University of San Francisco, Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kirsten Sterba
- Department of Medicine, University of San Francisco, Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Janelle A Noble
- Childrens Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | | | - Michael P Busch
- Laboratory of Medicine, Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Darrell J Triulzi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wendy Sw Wong
- Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Benjamin D Solomon
- Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - John E Niederhuber
- Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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A comprehensive evaluation for the treatment of lupus nephritis. J Autoimmun 2017; 78:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Doria A, Gershwin ME, Selmi C. From old concerns to new advances and personalized medicine in lupus: The end of the tunnel is approaching. J Autoimmun 2016; 74:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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