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Hadizadeh F, Khodaverdi E, Oroojalian F, Rahmanian-Devin P, Hassan M Hashemi S, Omidkhah N, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchi A, Kamali H. Preparation of porous PCL-PEG-PCL scaffolds using supercritical carbon dioxide. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122507. [PMID: 36535457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (scCO2) gas foaming procedure was used in the preparation of scaffolds containing the model drug dexamethasone (DXMT). The method used did not include an organic solvent thus making it a safe method. The ring-opening polymerization of PCL-PEG-PCL (PCEC) triblock was conducted using an organocatalyst [1,8 diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU)]. After mixing 5.0 g of DXMT with 50.0 g of PCEC, hydraulic pressure was applied to compress the mixed powder into disc-like tablets. The tablet-like scaffold of the triblock containing DXMT was inserted into a scCO2 gas-foaming device. The peak porosity percentage of the synthesized triblock was found to be 55.58 %. Pressure, temperature, soaking time and the time required to depressurize were recorded as 198 bar, 50 °C, 2.0 h, and 28 min respectively. After treatment with scCO2, the scaffolds experienced an almost full release of DXMT in vitro after 30 days (83.74 ± 1.54 % vs 52.24 ± 2.03 % before scCO2 treatment). In conclusion, the results proved that the scCO2 gas foaming procedure could be employed for constructing modifiable PCEC scaffolds with plausible porosity and structural and morphological features which can manipulate drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Khodaverdi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Pouria Rahmanian-Devin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Hassan M Hashemi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Omidkhah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN1 9QJ Brighton, UK; Lupin Research Inc., Lupin Pharmaceuticals, 4006 NW 124th Ave., Coral Spring, FL 33065, USA.
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Dexamethasone delivery of porous PEG-PCL-PEG scaffolds with supercritical carbon dioxide gas foaming. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Feroz S, Dias G. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold fabrication, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment as a bone graft for alveolar bone regeneration. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08294. [PMID: 34765797 PMCID: PMC8571510 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wool derived keratin has garnered significant advancements in the field of biomaterials for hard tissue regeneration. The main limitation of keratin-based biomaterials for bone tissue engineering is their fragile nature. This paper proposes the development of a novel hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin scaffold, containing hydroxyapatite as a major inorganic component by freeze drying technique for alveolar bone regeneration. The prepared keratin/hydroxyapatite/HPMC (K/HA/HPMC) scaffold was characterized to study its chemical, physical, and mechanical properties by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray diffractometric (XRD) analysis. The SEM images of the scaffolds showed highly porous interconnected architecture with average pore size of 108.36 ± 22.56 while microcomputed tomographic analysis measured total porosity as 79.65 %±. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDX) analysis confirmed that inorganic component of scaffold was mainly composed of calcium and phosphorous ions having Ca/P molar ration of 1.6. The maximum compressive strength was found to be in the range of 0.841 ± 0.37 MPa. Furthermore, the K/HA/HPMC scaffold was structurally stable and weight loss of about 26% was observed when soaked in phosphate buffered solution (PBS) for 28 days. In vitro biocompatibility testing showed that K/HA/HPMC scaffold was cytocompatible and supported the attachment, proliferation of osteoblast (Saos-2) cells. Thus, the development of a non-toxic chemical cross-linking system with HPMC was investigated to fabricate K/HA/HPMC scaffold and our results showed great potential of these scaffolds to regenerate alveolar bone due to their structural similarity and excellent in vitro biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandleen Feroz
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - George Dias
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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Song C, Luo Y, Liu Y, Li S, Xi Z, Zhao L, Cen L, Lu E. Fabrication of PCL Scaffolds by Supercritical CO 2 Foaming Based on the Combined Effects of Rheological and Crystallization Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040780. [PMID: 32252222 PMCID: PMC7240419 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds have recently been developed via efficient and green supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) melt-state foaming. However, previously reported gas-foamed scaffolds sometimes showed insufficient interconnectivity or pore size for tissue engineering. In this study, we have correlated the thermal and rheological properties of PCL scaffolds with their porous morphology by studying four foamed samples with varied molecular weight (MW), and particularly aimed to clarify the required properties for the fabrication of scaffolds with favorable interconnected macropores. DSC and rheological tests indicate that samples show a delayed crystallization and enhanced complex viscosity with the increasing of MW. After foaming, scaffolds (27 kDa in weight-average molecular weight) show a favorable morphology (pore size = 70–180 μm, porosity = 90% and interconnectivity = 96%), where the lowest melt strength favors the generation of interconnected macropore, and the most rapid crystallization provides proper foamability. The scaffolds (27 kDa) also possess the highest Young’s modulus. More importantly, owing to the sufficient room and favorable material transportation provided by highly interconnected macropores, cells onto the optimized scaffolds (27 kDa) perform vigorous proliferation and superior adhesion and ingrowth, indicating its potential for regeneration applications. Furthermore, our findings provide new insights into the morphological control of porous scaffolds fabricated by scCO2 foaming, and are highly relevant to a broader community that is focusing on polymer foaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yankai Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Zhenhao Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (E.L.); Tel.: +86-21-6425-3042 (Z.X.); +86-21-5875-2345 (E.L.); Fax: +86-21-6425-3528 (Z.X.); +86-21-5839-4262 (E.L.)
| | - Ling Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Lian Cen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Eryi Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (E.L.); Tel.: +86-21-6425-3042 (Z.X.); +86-21-5875-2345 (E.L.); Fax: +86-21-6425-3528 (Z.X.); +86-21-5839-4262 (E.L.)
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Verma P, Verma V. Concepts of tissue engineering. Anim Biotechnol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811710-1.00013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Pore formation of poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with melting point reduction in supercritical CO 2 foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Salerno A, Saurina J, Domingo C. Supercritical CO 2 foamed polycaprolactone scaffolds for controlled delivery of 5-fluorouracil, nicotinamide and triflusal. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:654-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Wang L, Zhou H, Wang X, Mi J. Mechanism of bubble nucleation in poly(ε-caprolactone) foaming at low temperature. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Influence of expansion cooling regime on morphology of poly(ε-caprolactone) foams prepared by pressure quenching using supercritical CO2. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lendlein A, Wischke C. How to accelerate biomaterial development? Strategies to support the application of novel polymer-based biomaterials in implantable devices. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 8:533-7. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.11.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Concepts of Tissue Engineering. Anim Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416002-6.00013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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12
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Markočič E, Škerget M, Knez Ž. Effect of Temperature and Pressure on the Behavior of Poly(ε-caprolactone) in the Presence of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Markočič
- Laboratory for Separation
Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Škerget
- Laboratory for Separation
Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation
Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
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Karimi M, Heuchel M, Weigel T, Schossig M, Hofmann D, Lendlein A. Formation and size distribution of pores in poly(ɛ-caprolactone) foams prepared by pressure quenching using supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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15
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Luetzow K, Weigel T, Schossig M, Kratz K, Lendlein A. Preparation of Three-Dimensional Scaffolds from Degradable Poly(ether)esterurethane by Thermally-Induced Phase Separation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Salerno A, Zeppetelli S, Di Maio E, Iannace S, Netti PA. Design of Bimodal PCL and PCL-HA Nanocomposite Scaffolds by Two Step Depressurization During Solid-state Supercritical CO2
Foaming. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1150-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Guarino V, Guaccio A, Guarnieri D, Netti PA, Ambrosio L. Binary system thermodynamics to control pore architecture of PCL scaffold via temperature-driven phase separation process. J Biomater Appl 2011; 27:241-54. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328211401056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of scaffold-aided strategies for the regeneration of biological tissues requires the fulfilment of an accurate architectural design, that is, micro and macrostructure, with the final goal of realizing architectures to adopt as guidance for those cell activities specific to the formation of novel tissues. Here, highly porous scaffolds made up of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) have been realized by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). Two different polymer/solvent systems, derived by the dissolution of PCL in dioxane and DMSO respectively, were investigated. The aim was to demonstrate the high potential of TIPS technique, in imprinting specific pore features to the polymer matrices, by a conscious selection of polymer/solvent systems. The investigation of pore architecture by SEM/mercury intrusion porosimetry/image analyses, firstly allow to detect remarkable variations in porosity (from 92% to 78%,) and pore sizes, ranging from micro-scale ( ca 10 µm) to macro-scale (greater than 100 µm) as a function of the used polymer/solvent systems. Moreover, experimental and theoretical evidences referred to scaffold shaped in custom-made molds – a thin Teflon ring between two copper plates – allow exploring how the sensitivity of polymer solution features (i.e., crystallinity, thermal inertia) to the cooling temperature can affect the alignment of polymer phases and, ultimately, scaffold pore anisotropy. Analytical results supported by preliminary biological studies demonstrate the higher ability of PCL/dioxane solution to promote the formation of aligned pores which provide a morphological guidance to cell advance during the preliminary stage of culture. These findings, taken as a whole, put the basis for a better informed regeneration of structurally complex tissues based on the modeling of scaffold micro and macro-architecture by thermodynamic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council of Italy (IMCB/CNR), Piazzale Tecchio 80 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Guaccio
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials CRIB, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Guarnieri
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials CRIB, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials CRIB, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council of Italy (IMCB/CNR), Piazzale Tecchio 80 Napoli, Italy
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Madbouly SA, Kratz K, Klein F, Lüetzow K, Lendlein A. Thermomechanical Behaviour of Biodegradable Shape-memory Polymer Foams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-1190-nn04-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractShape-memory polymer foams based on poly(ω-pentadecalactone) (PPDL) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) multiblock copolymer with 60 wt% PCL content were prepared by environmentally-friendly high pressure supercritical carbon dioxide scCO2 foaming technique. A foam with a density of approximately 0.11 ± 0.02 g/cm3 and an average pore size of 150-200 μm with excellent compressibility and shape-memory properties was created at 25 bar/s depressurization rate in the temperature range between 78 and 84 °C. The shape-memory behavior of this foam was investigated using different programming modules, such as, under stress-free condition and under constant strain condition. The thermally-induced shape-memory effect (SME) was found to be strongly dependent on the programming conditions. Excellent shape fixity has been observed for all foams indicating the high efficiency of the switching domains to fix the temporary shape by crystallization. The stress recovery of this foam could be controlled by changing compression percentage (εc%) at a constant compression temperature. The production of these foams with unprecedented properties by commercially available processing equipment raises much hope with the potential to provide new materials with a unique combination of shape-memory properties and porous structure as well as desired properties for many industrial and biomedical applications
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Abstract
Polydepsipeptides - alternating copolymers of an alpha-amino acid and an alpha-hydroxy acid - are a group of biodegradable polymers. Versatile polydepsipeptides with or without pendant functional groups, as well as various polymer architectures, for example, providing alternative, random, diblock, triblock, multiblock or graft sequence structures, can be synthesized via ring-opening copolymerization of various morpholine-2,5-dione derivatives. They are potential candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications. Polydepsipeptides are described in this review from the aspect of materials science, especially as biomaterials. We mainly focus on various techniques developed to synthesize polydepsipeptides and their copolymers, biodegradation behaviors, shape-memory properties and possible biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, 300072 Tianjin, China.
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Desmet T, Billiet T, Berneel E, Cornelissen R, Schaubroeck D, Schacht E, Dubruel P. Post-Plasma Grafting of AEMA as a Versatile Tool to Biofunctionalise Polyesters for Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:1484-94. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kiran E. Foaming strategies for bioabsorbable polymers in supercritical fluid mixtures. Part II. Foaming of poly(ɛ-caprolactone-co-lactide) in carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide+acetone fluid mixtures and formation of tubular foams via solution extrusion. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ganesan R, Kratz K, Lendlein A. Multicomponent protein patterning of material surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b926690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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