1
|
Zhang Y, He SY, Wang P, Gu J, Jiang Q, Liu M, Wen C. Impacts of permeability and effective diffusivity of porous scaffolds on bone ingrowth: In silico and in vivo analyses. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 161:213901. [PMID: 38776602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The permeability and the effective diffusivity of a porous scaffold are critical in the bone-ingrowth process. However, design guidelines for porous structures are still lacking due to inadequate understanding of the complex physiological processes involved. In this study, a model integrating the fundamental biological processes of bone regeneration was constructed to investigate the roles of permeability and effective diffusivity in regulating bone deposition in scaffolds. The in silico analysis results were confirmed in vivo by examining bone depositions in three diamond lattice scaffolds manufactured using selective laser melting. The findings show that the scaffolds with better permeability and effective diffusivity had deeper bone ingrowth and greater bone volume. Compared to permeability, effective diffusivity exhibited greater sensitivity to the orientation of porous structures, and bone ingrowth was deeper in the directions with higher effective diffusivity in spite of identical pore size. A 4.8-fold increase in permeability and a 1.6-fold increase in effective diffusivity by changing the porous structure led to a 1.5-fold increase in newly formed bone. The effective diffusivity of the porous scaffold affects the distribution of osteogenic growth factor, which in turn impacts cell migration and bone deposition through chemotaxis effects. Therefore, effective diffusivity may be a more suitable indicator for porous scaffolds because our study shows changes in this parameter determine changes in bone distribution and bone volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Si-Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, Nanjing, China; Institute of Medical 3D Printing, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, Nanjing, China; Institute of Medical 3D Printing, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mengxing Liu
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China; Wuhan Mindray Scientific Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Drakoulas G, Gortsas T, Polyzos E, Tsinopoulos S, Pyl L, Polyzos D. An explainable machine learning-based probabilistic framework for the design of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:987-1012. [PMID: 38416219 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Recently, 3D-printed biodegradable scaffolds have shown great potential for bone repair in critical-size fractures. The differentiation of the cells on a scaffold is impacted among other factors by the surface deformation of the scaffold due to mechanical loading and the wall shear stresses imposed by the interstitial fluid flow. These factors are in turn significantly affected by the material properties, the geometry of the scaffold, as well as the loading and flow conditions. In this work, a numerical framework is proposed to study the influence of these factors on the expected osteochondral cell differentiation. The considered scaffold is rectangular with a 0/90 lay-down pattern and a four-layered strut made of polylactic acid with a 5% steel particle content. The distribution of the different types of cells on the scaffold surface is estimated through a scalar stimulus, calculated by using a mechanobioregulatory model. To reduce the simulation time for the computation of the stimulus, a probabilistic machine learning (ML)-based reduced-order model (ROM) is proposed. Then, a sensitivity analysis is performed using the Shapley additive explanations to examine the contribution of the various parameters to the framework stimulus predictions. In a final step, a multiobjective optimization procedure is implemented using genetic algorithms and the ROM, aiming to identify the material parameters and loading conditions that maximize the percentage of surface area populated by bone cells while minimizing the area corresponding to the other types of cells and the resorption condition. The results of the performed analysis highlight the potential of using ROMs for the scaffold design, by dramatically reducing the simulation time while enabling the efficient implementation of sensitivity analysis and optimization procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Drakoulas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece.
| | - Theodore Gortsas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Peloponnese, 26334, Patras, Greece.
| | - Efstratios Polyzos
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Constructions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephanos Tsinopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Peloponnese, 26334, Patras, Greece
| | - Lincy Pyl
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Constructions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Demosthenes Polyzos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dazzi C, Mehl J, Benamar M, Gerhardt H, Knaus P, Duda GN, Checa S. External mechanical loading overrules cell-cell mechanical communication in sprouting angiogenesis during early bone regeneration. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011647. [PMID: 37956208 PMCID: PMC10681321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis plays a key role during bone regeneration. For example, insufficient early revascularization of the injured site can lead to delayed or non-healing. During sprouting, endothelial cells are known to be mechano-sensitive and respond to local mechanical stimuli. Endothelial cells interact and communicate mechanically with their surroundings, such as outer-vascular stromal cells, through cell-induced traction forces. In addition, external physiological loads act at the healing site, resulting in tissue deformations and impacting cellular arrangements. How these two distinct mechanical cues (cell-induced and external) impact angiogenesis and sprout patterning in early bone healing remains however largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relative role of externally applied and cell-induced mechanical signals in driving sprout patterning at the onset of bone healing. To investigate cellular self-organisation in early bone healing, an in silico model accounting for the mechano-regulation of sprouting angiogenesis and stromal cell organization was developed. Computer model predictions were compared to in vivo experiments of a mouse osteotomy model stabilized with a rigid or a semirigid fixation system. We found that the magnitude and orientation of principal strains within the healing region can explain experimentally observed sprout patterning, under both fixation conditions. Furthermore, upon simulating the selective inhibition of either cell-induced or externally applied mechanical cues, external mechanical signals appear to overrule the mechanical communication acting on a cell-cell interaction level. Such findings illustrate the relevance of external mechanical signals over the local cell-mediated mechanical cues and could be used in the design of fracture treatment strategies for bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Dazzi
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Mehl
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mounir Benamar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Márquez-Flórez K, Garzón-Alvarado DA, Carda C, Sancho-Tello M. Computational model of articular cartilage regeneration induced by scaffold implantation in vivo. J Theor Biol 2023; 561:111393. [PMID: 36572091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Computational models allow to explain phenomena that cannot be observed through an animal model, such as the strain and stress states which can highly influence regeneration of the tissue. For this purpose, we have developed a simulation tool to determine the mechanical conditions provided by the polymeric scaffold. The computational model considered the articular cartilage, the subchondral bone, and the scaffold. All materials were modeled as poroelastic, and the cartilage had linear-elastic oriented collagen fibers. This model was able to explain the remodeling process that subchondral bone goes through, and how the scaffold allowed the conditions for cartilage regeneration. These results suggest that the use of scaffolds might lead the cartilaginous tissue growth in vivo by providing a better mechanical environment. Moreover, the developed computational model demonstrated to be useful as a tool prior experimental in vivo studies, by predicting the possible outcome of newly proposed treatments allowing to discard approaches that might not bring good results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Márquez-Flórez
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - D A Garzón-Alvarado
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
| | - C Carda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Sancho-Tello
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Urdeitx P, Mousavi SJ, Avril S, Doweidar MH. Computational modeling of multiple myeloma interactions with resident bone marrow cells. Comput Biol Med 2023; 153:106458. [PMID: 36599211 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of multiple myeloma with bone marrow resident cells plays a key role in tumor progression and the development of drug resistance. The tumor cell response involves contact-mediated and paracrine interactions. The heterogeneity of myeloma cells and bone marrow cells makes it difficult to reproduce this environment in in-vitro experiments. The use of in-silico established tools can help to understand these complex problems. In this article, we present a computational model based on the finite element method to define the interactions of multiple myeloma cells with resident bone marrow cells. This model includes cell migration, which is controlled by stress-strain equilibrium, and cell processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. A series of computational experiments were performed to validate the proposed model. Cell proliferation by the growth factor IGF-1 is studied for different concentrations ranging from 0-10 ng/mL. Cell motility is studied for different concentrations of VEGF and fibronectin in the range of 0-100 ng/mL. Finally, cells were simulated under a combination of IGF-1 and VEGF stimuli whose concentrations are considered to be dependent on the cancer-associated fibroblasts in the extracellular matrix. Results show a good agreement with previous in-vitro results. Multiple myeloma growth and migration are shown to correlate linearly to the IGF-1 stimuli. These stimuli are coupled with the mechanical environment, which also improves cell growth. Moreover, cell migration depends on the fiber and VEGF concentration in the extracellular matrix. Finally, our computational model shows myeloma cells trigger mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts, in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Urdeitx
- School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain; Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - S Jamaleddin Mousavi
- Mines Saint-Étienne, University of Lyon, University of Jean Monnet, INSERM, Saint-Etienne, 42023, France
| | - Stephane Avril
- Mines Saint-Étienne, University of Lyon, University of Jean Monnet, INSERM, Saint-Etienne, 42023, France; Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, TU Wien-Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Mohamed H Doweidar
- School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain; Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma Q, Miri Z, Haugen HJ, Moghanian A, Loca D. Significance of mechanical loading in bone fracture healing, bone regeneration, and vascularization. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231172573. [PMID: 37251734 PMCID: PMC10214107 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231172573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1892, J.L. Wolff proposed that bone could respond to mechanical and biophysical stimuli as a dynamic organ. This theory presents a unique opportunity for investigations on bone and its potential to aid in tissue repair. Routine activities such as exercise or machinery application can exert mechanical loads on bone. Previous research has demonstrated that mechanical loading can affect the differentiation and development of mesenchymal tissue. However, the extent to which mechanical stimulation can help repair or generate bone tissue and the related mechanisms remain unclear. Four key cell types in bone tissue, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone lining cells, and osteocytes, play critical roles in responding to mechanical stimuli, while other cell lineages such as myocytes, platelets, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes also exhibit mechanosensitivity. Mechanical loading can regulate the biological functions of bone tissue through the mechanosensor of bone cells intraosseously, making it a potential target for fracture healing and bone regeneration. This review aims to clarify these issues and explain bone remodeling, structure dynamics, and mechano-transduction processes in response to mechanical loading. Loading of different magnitudes, frequencies, and types, such as dynamic versus static loads, are analyzed to determine the effects of mechanical stimulation on bone tissue structure and cellular function. Finally, the importance of vascularization in nutrient supply for bone healing and regeneration was further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Ma
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, School of
Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Zahra Miri
- Department of Materials Engineering,
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Amirhossein Moghanian
- Department of Materials Engineering,
Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Dagnjia Loca
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials
Innovations and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga,
Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of
Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdalrahman T, Checa S. On the role of mechanical signals on sprouting angiogenesis through computer modeling approaches. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:1623-1640. [PMID: 36394779 PMCID: PMC9700567 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels from preexisting vasculature, is an essential process in the regeneration of new tissues as well as in the development of some diseases like cancer. Although early studies identified chemical signaling as the main driver of this process, many recent studies have shown a strong role of mechanical signals in the formation of new capillaries. Different types of mechanical signals (e.g., external forces, cell traction forces, and blood flow-induced shear forces) have been shown to play distinct roles in the process; however, their interplay remains still largely unknown. During the last decades, mathematical and computational modeling approaches have been developed to investigate and better understand the mechanisms behind mechanically driven angiogenesis. In this manuscript, we review computational models of angiogenesis with a focus on models investigating the role of mechanics on the process. Our aim is not to provide a detailed review on model methodology but to describe what we have learnt from these models. We classify models according to the mechanical signals being investigated and describe how models have looked into their role on the angiogenic process. We show that a better understanding of the mechanobiology of the angiogenic process will require the development of computer models that incorporate the interactions between the multiple mechanical signals and their effect on cellular responses, since they all seem to play a key in sprout patterning. In the end, we describe some of the remaining challenges of computational modeling of angiogenesis and discuss potential avenues for future research.
Collapse
|
8
|
Perier-Metz C, Cipitria A, Hutmacher DW, Duda GN, Checa S. An in silico model predicts the impact of scaffold design in large bone defect regeneration. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:329-341. [PMID: 35417799 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Large bone defects represent a clinical challenge for which the implantation of scaffolds appears as a promising strategy. However, their use in clinical routine is limited, in part due to a lack of understanding of how scaffolds should be designed to support regeneration. Here, we use the power of computer modeling to investigate mechano-biological principles behind scaffold-guided bone regeneration and the influence of scaffold design on the regeneration process. Computer model predictions are compared to experimental data of large bone defect regeneration in sheep. We identified two main key players in scaffold-guided regeneration: (1) the scaffold surface guidance of cellular migration and tissue formation processes and (2) the stimulation of progenitor cell activity by the scaffold material composition. In addition, lower scaffold surface-area-to-volume ratio was found to be beneficial for bone regeneration due to enhanced cellular migration. To a lesser extent, a reduced scaffold Young's modulus favored bone formation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D-printed scaffolds offer promising treatment strategies for large bone defects but their broader clinical use requires a more thorough understanding of their interaction with the bone regeneration process. The predictions of our in silico model compared to two experimental set-ups highlighted the importance of (1) the scaffold surface guidance of cellular migration and tissue formation processes and (2) the scaffold material stimulation of progenitor cell activity. In addition, the model was used to investigate the effect on the bone regeneration process of (1) the scaffold surface-area-to-volume ratio, with lower ratios favoring more bone growth, and (2) the scaffold material properties, with stiffer scaffold materials yielding a lower bone growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Perier-Metz
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany; MINES ParisTech - PSL Research University, 60 Boulevard Saint-Michel, Paris 75272, France; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Pº Dr. Beguiristain s/n, San Sebastian 20014, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Center in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, Kelvin Grove QLD 4059, Australia; Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering (MMPE), QUT, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia; ARC Training Center for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modeling, and Manufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia; Center for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Georg N Duda
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mathai B, Gupta S. Bone Ingrowth Around an Uncemented Femoral Implant Using Mechanoregulatory Algorithm: A Multiscale Finite Element Analysis. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:1116026. [PMID: 34423812 DOI: 10.1115/1.4052227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The primary fixation and long-term stability of a cementless femoral implant depend on bone ingrowth within the porous coating. Although attempts were made to quantify the peri-implant bone ingrowth using the finite element (FE) analysis and mechanoregulatory principles, the tissue differentiation patterns on a porous-coated hip stem have scarcely been investigated. The objective of this study is to predict the spatial distribution of evolutionary bone ingrowth around an uncemented hip stem, using a three-dimensional (3D) multiscale mechanobiology-based numerical framework. Multiple load cases representing a variety of daily living activities, including walking, stair climbing, sitting down, and standing up from a chair, were used as applied loading conditions. The study accounted for the local variations in host bone material properties and implant-bone relative displacements of the macroscale implanted FE model, in order to predict bone ingrowth in microscale representative volume elements (RVEs) of 12 interfacial regions. In majority RVEs, 20-70% bone tissue (immature and mature) was predicted after 2 months, contributing toward a progressive increase in average Young's modulus (1200-3000 MPa) of the interbead tissue layer. Higher bone ingrowth (mostly greater than 60%) was predicted in the anterolateral regions of the implant, as compared to the posteromedial side (20-50%). New bone tissue was formed deeper inside the interbead spacing, adhering to the implant surface. The study helps to gain an insight into the degree of osseointegration of a porous-coated femoral implant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basil Mathai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Simulated tissue growth in tetragonal lattices with mechanical stiffness tuned for bone tissue engineering. Comput Biol Med 2021; 138:104913. [PMID: 34619409 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering approaches have recently begun considering 3D printed lattices as viable scaffold solutions due to their highly tunable geometries and mechanical efficiency. However, scaffold design remains challenging due to the numerous biological and mechanical trade-offs related to lattice geometry. Here, we investigate novel tetragonal unit cell designs by independently adjusting unit cell height and width to find scaffolds with improved tissue growth while maintaining suitable scaffold mechanical properties for bone tissue engineering. Lattice tissue growth behavior is evaluated using a curvature-based growth model while elastic modulus is evaluated with finite element analysis. Computationally efficient modeling approaches are implemented to facilitate bulk analysis of lattice design trade-offs using design maps for biological and mechanical functionalities in relation to unit cell height and width for two contrasting unit cell topologies. Newly designed tetragonal lattices demonstrate higher tissue growth per unit volume and advantageous stiffness in preferred directions compared to cubically symmetric unit cells. When lattice beam diameter is fixed to 200 μm, Tetra and BC-Tetra lattices with elastic moduli of 200 MPa-400 MPa are compared for squashed, cubic, and stretched topologies. Squashed Tetra lattices demonstrated higher growth rates and growth densities compared to symmetrically cubic lattices. BC-Tetra lattices with the same range of elastic moduli show squashed lattices tend to achieve higher growth rates, whereas stretched lattices promote higher growth density. The results suggest tetragonal unit cells provide favorable properties for biological and mechanical tailoring, therefore enabling new strategies for diverse patient needs and applications in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fu R, Feng Y, Liu Y, Yang H. Mechanical regulation of bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2021.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
12
|
Pedrero SG, Llamas-Sillero P, Serrano-López J. A Multidisciplinary Journey towards Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4896. [PMID: 34500986 PMCID: PMC8432705 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Millions of patients suffer yearly from bone fractures and disorders such as osteoporosis or cancer, which constitute the most common causes of severe long-term pain and physical disabilities. The intrinsic capacity of bone to repair the damaged bone allows normal healing of most small bone injuries. However, larger bone defects or more complex diseases require additional stimulation to fully heal. In this context, the traditional routes to address bone disorders present several associated drawbacks concerning their efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Thus, alternative therapies become necessary to overcome these limitations. In recent decades, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising interdisciplinary strategy to mimic environments specifically designed to facilitate bone tissue regeneration. Approaches developed to date aim at three essential factors: osteoconductive scaffolds, osteoinduction through growth factors, and cells with osteogenic capability. This review addresses the biological basis of bone and its remodeling process, providing an overview of the bone tissue engineering strategies developed to date and describing the mechanisms that underlie cell-biomaterial interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara G. Pedrero
- Experimental Hematology Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.P.); (P.L.-S.)
| | - Pilar Llamas-Sillero
- Experimental Hematology Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.P.); (P.L.-S.)
- Hematology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Serrano-López
- Experimental Hematology Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.P.); (P.L.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang G, Wang Z, Han F, Jin G, Xu L, Xu H, Su H, Wang H, Le Y, Fu Y, Ju J, Li B, Hou R. Mechano-regulation of vascular network formation without branches in 3D bioprinted cell-laden hydrogel constructs. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3787-3798. [PMID: 34110009 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of a wound is a common surgical procedure in clinic. Currently, the skin required for clinical use is taken from the patient's own body. However, it can be difficult to obtain enough skin sources for large-sized wounds and thus surgeons have started using commercial skin substitutes. The current commercial skin, which includes epidermis substitute, dermis substitute, and bilateral skin substitute, has been popularized in clinic. However, the application is limited by the occurrence of ischemia necrosis after transplantation. Recent studies suggest the use of pre-vascularized skin substitutes for wound healing is a promising area in the research field of skin tissue engineering. Pre-vascularization can be induced by changes in cultivation periods, exertion of mechanical stimuli, or coculture with endothelial cells and various factors. However, few methods could control the formation of vascular branches in engineering tissue in a self-assembly way. In this study, we use three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to confirm that a mechanical force can control the growth of blood vessels in the direction of mechanical stimulation with no branches, and that Yes-associated protein activity is involved in the regulatory progress. In vivo experiments verified that the blood vessels successfully function for blood circulation, and maintain the same direction. Results provide a theoretical basis for products of pre-vascularized skin tissues and other organs created by 3D bioprinting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangzhe Jin
- Department of Hand Surgery, Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hand Surgery, Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Le
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jihui Ju
- Department of Hand Surgery, Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruixing Hou
- Department of Hand Surgery, Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Atieh MA, Baqain ZH, Tawse-Smith A, Ma S, Almoselli M, Lin L, Alsabeeha NHM. The influence of insertion torque values on the failure and complication rates of dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2021; 23:341-360. [PMID: 33764648 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of using different insertion torque values on clinical and radiographic outcomes of implant therapy is unclear in the current literature. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the implant outcomes and complications rates using high insertion torque values compared with those using regular insertion torque value levels. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), nonrandomized controlled clinical trials (NRCCTs), prospective and retrospective cohorts were searched for in electronic databases and complemented by hand searching relevant dental journals. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool for randomized and nonrandomized studies. Data were analyzed using a statistical software. RESULTS A total of 718 studies were identified, of which, nine studies were included with 1229 dental implants in 684 participants. The meta-analysis of RCTs showed that the overall implant failure rate was not notably in favor of any insertion torque value and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (risk ratio 0.85; 95% confidence interval 0.07-10.52; P = 0.90). None of the RCTs was registered. The secondary analyses of non-RCTs did not either show any statistically significant difference. Overall meta-analysis did not show any significant differences in peri-implant marginal bone loss or biological/technical complications between high (≥50 Ncm) and regular insertion torque (<50 Ncm). CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to support the use of high or regular insertion torque even with immediate implant restoration/loading. The short-term implant failure rates, changes in marginal bone level and complication rates were comparable when high or regular insertion torques were used for implant placement. The wide confidence interval indicated that results cannot be interpreted with clinically meaningful benefit for using either high or regular insertion torque.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momen A Atieh
- Chair of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Associate Professor of Periodontology, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Honorary Associate Professor, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zaid H Baqain
- Provost and Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andrew Tawse-Smith
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sunyoung Ma
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mohamed Almoselli
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lifeng Lin
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Nabeel H M Alsabeeha
- Ras Al-Khaimah Dental Center, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Guo Y, Wei Q, Li X, Ji K, Zhang K. Current researches on design and manufacture of biopolymer-based osteochondral biomimetic scaffolds. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
16
|
Perier-Metz C, Duda GN, Checa S. Mechano-Biological Computer Model of Scaffold-Supported Bone Regeneration: Effect of Bone Graft and Scaffold Structure on Large Bone Defect Tissue Patterning. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:585799. [PMID: 33262976 PMCID: PMC7686036 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.585799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Large segmental bone defects represent a clinical challenge for which current treatment procedures have many drawbacks. 3D-printed scaffolds may help to support healing, but their design process relies mainly on trial and error due to a lack of understanding of which scaffold features support bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether existing mechano-biological rules of bone regeneration can also explain scaffold-supported bone defect healing. In addition, we examined the distinct roles of bone grafting and scaffold structure on the regeneration process. To that end, scaffold-surface guided migration and tissue deposition as well as bone graft stimulatory effects were included in an in silico model and predictions were compared to in vivo data. We found graft osteoconductive properties and scaffold-surface guided extracellular matrix deposition to be essential features driving bone defect filling in a 3D-printed honeycomb titanium structure. This knowledge paves the way for the design of more effective 3D scaffold structures and their pre-clinical optimization, prior to their application in scaffold-based bone defect regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Perier-Metz
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,MINES ParisTech - PSL Research University (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Paris, France
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Modeling osteoinduction in titanium bone scaffold with a representative channel structure. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111347. [PMID: 32919693 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Optimizing scaffold architecture for perfect osteointegration depends on good understanding of bone ingrowth in the porous space of implants. This study developed an immunoregulatory agent-based model to discover the osteoinduction mechanism in porous scaffolds. Immunoreaction, macrophage polarization, and the corresponding growth factors were combined in the model, and all played critical roles in recruiting osteogenic cells that migrated into the scaffolds. Angiogenesis was also considered in this model. The bone ingrowth predicted by the model coincides with results from published in vivo experiments. Simulation results suggested that the pore architecture affected the diffusion process of chemotactic factors in the scaffolds, subsequently influencing the complex reactions of diverse cells and the osteoinduction location. In flexural pore spaces, bone formation spread from the periphery into the center of scaffolds due to larger M2 phenotype macrophage populations colonizing boundary regions and the distribution of corresponding growth factors concentration. In straight channels, osteogenic cells migrated further inward and osteoinduction initiated in deeper position as a result of the deeper distribution of osteogenic cytokines concentration field.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is currently a mature methodology from a research perspective. Moreover, modeling and simulation of involved processes and phenomena in BTE have been proved in a number of papers to be an excellent assessment tool in the stages of design and proof of concept through in-vivo or in-vitro experimentation. In this paper, a review of the most relevant contributions in modeling and simulation, in silico, in BTE applications is conducted. The most popular in silico simulations in BTE are classified into: (i) Mechanics modeling and scaffold design, (ii) transport and flow modeling, and (iii) modeling of physical phenomena. The paper is restricted to the review of the numerical implementation and simulation of continuum theories applied to different processes in BTE, such that molecular dynamics or discrete approaches are out of the scope of the paper. Two main conclusions are drawn at the end of the paper: First, the great potential and advantages that in silico simulation offers in BTE, and second, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to further validate numerical models developed in BTE.
Collapse
|
19
|
Egan PF. Integrated Design Approaches for 3D Printed Tissue Scaffolds: Review and Outlook. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2355. [PMID: 31344956 PMCID: PMC6695904 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging 3D printing technologies are enabling the fabrication of complex scaffold structures for diverse medical applications. 3D printing allows controlled material placement for configuring porous tissue scaffolds with tailored properties for desired mechanical stiffness, nutrient transport, and biological growth. However, tuning tissue scaffold functionality requires navigation of a complex design space with numerous trade-offs that require multidisciplinary assessment. Integrated design approaches that encourage iteration and consideration of diverse processes including design configuration, material selection, and simulation models provide a basis for improving design performance. In this review, recent advances in design, fabrication, and assessment of 3D printed tissue scaffolds are investigated with a focus on bone tissue engineering. Bone healing and fusion are examples that demonstrate the needs of integrated design approaches in leveraging new materials and 3D printing processes for specified clinical applications. Current challenges for integrated design are outlined and emphasize directions where new research may lead to significant improvements in personalized medicine and emerging areas in healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Egan
- Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kühn C, Checa S. Computational Modeling to Quantify the Contributions of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and Lateral Inhibition in Sprouting Angiogenesis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:288. [PMID: 30971939 PMCID: PMC6445957 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is a necessary process in regeneration and development as well as in tumorigenesis. VEGF-A is the main pro-angiogenic chemoattractant and it can bind to the decoy receptor VEGFR1 or to VEGFR2 to induce sprouting. Active sprout cells express Dll4, which binds to Notch1 on neighboring cells, in turn inhibiting VEGFR2 expression. It is known that the balance between VEGFR2 and VEGFR1 determines tip selection and network architecture, however the quantitative interrelationship of the receptors and their interrelated balances, also with relation to Dll4-Notch1 signaling, remains yet largely unknown. Here, we present an agent-based computer model of sprouting angiogenesis, integrating VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in a detailed model of cellular signaling. Our model reproduces experimental data on VEGFR1 knockout. We show that soluble VEGFR1 improves the efficiency of angiogenesis by directing sprouts away from existing cells over a wide range of parameters. Our analysis unravels the relevance of the stability of the active notch intracellular domain as a dominating hub in this regulatory network. Our analysis quantitatively dissects the regulatory interactions in sprouting angiogenesis. Because we use a detailed model of intracellular signaling, the results of our analysis are directly linked to biological entities. We provide our computational model and simulation engine for integration in complementary modeling approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kühn
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charite - UIniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jeong J, Kim JH, Shim JH, Hwang NS, Heo CY. Bioactive calcium phosphate materials and applications in bone regeneration. Biomater Res 2019; 23:4. [PMID: 30675377 PMCID: PMC6332599 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone regeneration involves various complex biological processes. Many experiments have been performed using biomaterials in vivo and in vitro to promote and understand bone regeneration. Among the many biomaterials, calcium phosphates which exist in the natural bone have been conducted a number of studies because of its bone regenerative property. It can be directly contributed to bone regeneration process or assist in the use of other biomaterials. Therefore, it is widely used in many applications and has been continuously studied. MAINBODY Calcium phosphate has been widely used in bone regeneration applications because it shows osteoconductive and in some cases osteoinductive features. The release of calcium and phosphorus ions regulates the activation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to facilitate bone regeneration. The control of surface properties and porosity of calcium phosphate affects cell/protein adhesion and growth and regulates bone mineral formation. Properties affecting bioactivity vary depending on the types of calcium phosphates such as HAP, TCP and can be utilized in various applications because of differences in ion release, solubility, stability, and mechanical strength. In order to make use of these properties, different calcium phosphates have been used together or mixed with other materials to complement their disadvantages and to highlight their advantages. Calcium phosphate has been utilized to improve bone regeneration in ways such as increasing osteoconductivity for bone ingrowth, enhancing osteoinductivity for bone mineralization with ion release control, and encapsulating drugs or growth factors. CONCLUSION Calcium phosphate has been used for bone regeneration in various forms such as coating, cement and scaffold based on its unique bioactive properties and bone regeneration effectiveness. Additionally, several studies have been actively carried out to improve the efficacy of calcium phosphate in combination with various healing agents. By summarizing the properties of calcium phosphate and its research direction, we hope that calcium phosphate can contribute to the clinical treatment approach for bone defect and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Shim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
- N-Bio/BioMAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
CERROLAZA M, NIETO F, GONZÁLEZ Y. COMPUTATION OF THE DYNAMIC COMPRESSION EFFECTS IN SPINE DISCS USING INTEGRAL METHODS. J MECH MED BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519417501032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The computational modeling using integral methods of dynamic loading and its effects on the nutrients transport in spine discs is addressed in this work. The numerical simulation and analysis was carried out using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) and a 3D model (axisymmetric) of the disc. The boundary model was discretized using linear interpolated elements and a multi-region approach. Concentration and production of three nutrients as lactate, oxygen and glucose were obtained. The maximum lactate concentration was observed very close to the interface between the nucleus and the inner annulus. A relatively simple model discretized with 130 boundary elements yielded very similar results to these coming from more complex FEM-based models. The numerical efforts in the domain and boundary discretizations were optimized using the BEM. Our results are in good agreement with those obtained using with finite element-based models. As expected, the dynamic loading increased the oxygen–glucose consumption and the lactate production, thus leading to a poor oxygen–glucose concentration at the nucleus of the disc. All of that is a favorable environment for a disc degeneration mechanism to be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. CERROLAZA
- International Center of Numerical Methods in Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, c/Gran Capitá s/n, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. NIETO
- National Institute of Bioengineering, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Y. GONZÁLEZ
- National Institute of Bioengineering, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao F, Vaughan TJ, Mc Garrigle MJ, McNamara LM. A coupled diffusion-fluid pressure model to predict cell density distribution for cells encapsulated in a porous hydrogel scaffold under mechanical loading. Comput Biol Med 2017; 89:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
24
|
Egan PF, Gonella VC, Engensperger M, Ferguson SJ, Shea K. Computationally designed lattices with tuned properties for tissue engineering using 3D printing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182902. [PMID: 28797066 PMCID: PMC5552288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue scaffolds provide structural support while facilitating tissue growth, but are challenging to design due to diverse property trade-offs. Here, a computational approach was developed for modeling scaffolds with lattice structures of eight different topologies and assessing properties relevant to bone tissue engineering applications. Evaluated properties include porosity, pore size, surface-volume ratio, elastic modulus, shear modulus, and permeability. Lattice topologies were generated by patterning beam-based unit cells, with design parameters for beam diameter and unit cell length. Finite element simulations were conducted for each topology and quantified how elastic modulus and shear modulus scale with porosity, and how permeability scales with porosity cubed over surface-volume ratio squared. Lattices were compared with controlled properties related to porosity and pore size. Relative comparisons suggest that lattice topology leads to specializations in achievable properties. For instance, Cube topologies tend to have high elastic and low shear moduli while Octet topologies have high shear moduli and surface-volume ratios but low permeability. The developed method was utilized to analyze property trade-offs as beam diameter was altered for a given topology, and used to prototype a 3D printed lattice embedded in an interbody cage for spinal fusion treatments. Findings provide a basis for modeling and understanding relative differences among beam-based lattices designed to facilitate bone tissue growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Egan
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Veronica C. Gonella
- Biomedical Computer Science and Mechatronics, UMIT The Health and Life Sciences University, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Max Engensperger
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J. Ferguson
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Shea
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A review of computational models of bone fracture healing. Med Biol Eng Comput 2017; 55:1895-1914. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
26
|
Zhao F, Mc Garrigle MJ, Vaughan TJ, McNamara LM. In silico study of bone tissue regeneration in an idealised porous hydrogel scaffold using a mechano-regulation algorithm. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 17:5-18. [PMID: 28779266 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation, in the form of fluid perfusion or mechanical strain, enhances osteogenic differentiation and overall bone tissue formation by mesenchymal stems cells cultured in biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. In silico techniques can be used to predict the mechanical environment within biomaterial scaffolds, and also the relationship between bone tissue regeneration and mechanical stimulation, and thereby inform conditions for bone tissue engineering experiments. In this study, we investigated bone tissue regeneration in an idealised hydrogel scaffold using a mechano-regulation model capable of predicting tissue differentiation, and specifically compared five loading cases, based on known experimental bioreactor regimes. These models predicted that low levels of mechanical loading, i.e. compression (0.5% strain), pore pressure of 10 kPa and a combination of compression (0.5%) and pore pressure (10 kPa), could induce more osteogenic differentiation and lead to the formation of a higher bone tissue fraction. In contrast greater volumes of cartilage and fibrous tissue fractions were predicted under higher levels of mechanical loading (i.e. compression strain of 5.0% and pore pressure of 100 kPa). The findings in this study may provide important information regarding the appropriate mechanical stimulation for in vitro bone tissue engineering experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Zhao
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Myles J Mc Garrigle
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ted J Vaughan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Akintewe OO, Roberts EG, Rim NG, Ferguson MA, Wong JY. Design Approaches to Myocardial and Vascular Tissue Engineering. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 19:389-414. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olukemi O. Akintewe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;, ,
| | - Erin G. Roberts
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;,
| | - Nae-Gyune Rim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;, ,
| | - Michael A.H. Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;, ,
| | - Joyce Y. Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;, ,
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghiasi MS, Chen J, Vaziri A, Rodriguez EK, Nazarian A. Bone fracture healing in mechanobiological modeling: A review of principles and methods. Bone Rep 2017; 6:87-100. [PMID: 28377988 PMCID: PMC5365304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture is a very common body injury. The healing process is physiologically complex, involving both biological and mechanical aspects. Following a fracture, cell migration, cell/tissue differentiation, tissue synthesis, and cytokine and growth factor release occur, regulated by the mechanical environment. Over the past decade, bone healing simulation and modeling has been employed to understand its details and mechanisms, to investigate specific clinical questions, and to design healing strategies. The goal of this effort is to review the history and the most recent work in bone healing simulations with an emphasis on both biological and mechanical properties. Therefore, we provide a brief review of the biology of bone fracture repair, followed by an outline of the key growth factors and mechanical factors influencing it. We then compare different methodologies of bone healing simulation, including conceptual modeling (qualitative modeling of bone healing to understand the general mechanisms), biological modeling (considering only the biological factors and processes), and mechanobiological modeling (considering both biological aspects and mechanical environment). Finally we evaluate different components and clinical applications of bone healing simulation such as mechanical stimuli, phases of bone healing, and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Ghiasi
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Chen
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashkan Vaziri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward K. Rodriguez
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hendrikson WJ, Deegan AJ, Yang Y, van Blitterswijk CA, Verdonschot N, Moroni L, Rouwkema J. Influence of Additive Manufactured Scaffold Architecture on the Distribution of Surface Strains and Fluid Flow Shear Stresses and Expected Osteochondral Cell Differentiation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:6. [PMID: 28239606 PMCID: PMC5300985 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds for regenerative medicine applications should instruct cells with the appropriate signals, including biophysical stimuli such as stress and strain, to form the desired tissue. Apart from that, scaffolds, especially for load-bearing applications, should be capable of providing mechanical stability. Since both scaffold strength and stress–strain distributions throughout the scaffold depend on the scaffold’s internal architecture, it is important to understand how changes in architecture influence these parameters. In this study, four scaffold designs with different architectures were produced using additive manufacturing. The designs varied in fiber orientation, while fiber diameter, spacing, and layer height remained constant. Based on micro-CT (μCT) scans, finite element models (FEMs) were derived for finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). FEA of scaffold compression was validated using μCT scan data of compressed scaffolds. Results of the FEA and CFD showed a significant impact of scaffold architecture on fluid shear stress and mechanical strain distribution. The average fluid shear stress ranged from 3.6 mPa for a 0/90 architecture to 6.8 mPa for a 0/90 offset architecture, and the surface shear strain from 0.0096 for a 0/90 offset architecture to 0.0214 for a 0/90 architecture. This subsequently resulted in variations of the predicted cell differentiation stimulus values on the scaffold surface. Fluid shear stress was mainly influenced by pore shape and size, while mechanical strain distribution depended mainly on the presence or absence of supportive columns in the scaffold architecture. Together, these results corroborate that scaffold architecture can be exploited to design scaffolds with regions that guide specific tissue development under compression and perfusion. In conjunction with optimization of stimulation regimes during bioreactor cultures, scaffold architecture optimization can be used to improve scaffold design for tissue engineering purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim J Hendrikson
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands
| | - Anthony J Deegan
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University , Stoke on Trent , UK
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University , Stoke on Trent , UK
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nico Verdonschot
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Radboud Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Giorgi M, Verbruggen SW, Lacroix D. In silico bone mechanobiology: modeling a multifaceted biological system. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 8:485-505. [PMID: 27600060 PMCID: PMC5082538 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mechanobiology, the study of the influence of mechanical loads on biological processes through signaling to cells, is fundamental to the inherent ability of bone tissue to adapt its structure in response to mechanical stimulation. The immense contribution of computational modeling to the nascent field of bone mechanobiology is indisputable, having aided in the interpretation of experimental findings and identified new avenues of inquiry. Indeed, advances in computational modeling have spurred the development of this field, shedding new light on problems ranging from the mechanical response to loading by individual cells to tissue differentiation during events such as fracture healing. To date, in silico bone mechanobiology has generally taken a reductive approach in attempting to answer discrete biological research questions, with research in the field broadly separated into two streams: (1) mechanoregulation algorithms for predicting mechanobiological changes to bone tissue and (2) models investigating cell mechanobiology. Future models will likely take advantage of advances in computational power and techniques, allowing multiscale and multiphysics modeling to tie the many separate but related biological responses to loading together as part of a larger systems biology approach to shed further light on bone mechanobiology. Finally, although the ever‐increasing complexity of computational mechanobiology models will inevitably move the field toward patient‐specific models in the clinic, the determination of the context in which they can be used safely for clinical purpose will still require an extensive combination of computational and experimental techniques applied to in vitro and in vivo applications. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:485–505. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1356 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Giorgi
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism and INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Damien Lacroix
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang L, Qiao M, Gao H, Hu B, Tan H, Zhou X, Li CM. Investigation of mechanism of bone regeneration in a porous biodegradable calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffold by a combination of a multi-scale agent-based model and experimental optimization/validation. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14877-87. [PMID: 27460959 PMCID: PMC10150920 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01637e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a novel approach to investigate the mechanism of bone regeneration in a porous biodegradable calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffold by a combination of a multi-scale agent-based model, experimental optimization of key parameters and experimental data validation of the predictive power of the model. The advantages of this study are that the impact of mechanical stimulation on bone regeneration in a porous biodegradable CaP scaffold is considered, experimental design is used to investigate the optimal combination of growth factors loaded on the porous biodegradable CaP scaffold to promote bone regeneration and the training, testing and analysis of the model are carried out by using experimental data, a data-mining algorithm and related sensitivity analysis. The results reveal that mechanical stimulation has a great impact on bone regeneration in a porous biodegradable CaP scaffold and the optimal combination of growth factors that are encapsulated in nanospheres and loaded into porous biodegradable CaP scaffolds layer-by-layer can effectively promote bone regeneration. Furthermore, the model is robust and able to predict the development of bone regeneration under specified conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mehdizadeh H, Bayrak ES, Lu C, Somo SI, Akar B, Brey EM, Cinar A. Agent-based modeling of porous scaffold degradation and vascularization: Optimal scaffold design based on architecture and degradation dynamics. Acta Biomater 2015; 27:167-178. [PMID: 26363375 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A multi-layer agent-based model (ABM) of biomaterial scaffold vascularization is extended to consider the effects of scaffold degradation kinetics on blood vessel formation. A degradation model describing the bulk disintegration of porous hydrogels is incorporated into the ABM. The combined degradation-angiogenesis model is used to investigate growing blood vessel networks in the presence of a degradable scaffold structure. Simulation results indicate that higher porosity, larger mean pore size, and rapid degradation allow faster vascularization when not considering the structural support of the scaffold. However, premature loss of structural support results in failure for the material. A strategy using multi-layer scaffold with different degradation rates in each layer was investigated as a way to address this issue. Vascularization was improved with the multi-layered scaffold model compared to the single-layer model. The ABM developed provides insight into the characteristics that influence the selection of optimal geometric parameters and degradation behavior of scaffolds, and enables easy refinement of the model as new knowledge about the underlying biological phenomena becomes available. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This paper proposes a multi-layer agent-based model (ABM) of biomaterial scaffold vascularization integrated with a structural-kinetic model describing bulk degradation of porous hydrogels to consider the effects of scaffold degradation kinetics on blood vessel formation. This enables the assessment of scaffold characteristics and in particular the disintegration characteristics of the scaffold on angiogenesis. Simulation results indicate that higher porosity, larger mean pore size, and rapid degradation allow faster vascularization when not considering the structural support of the scaffold. However, premature loss of structural support by scaffold disintegration results in failure of the material and disruption of angiogenesis. A strategy using multi-layer scaffold with different degradation rates in each layer was investigated as away to address this issue. Vascularization was improved with the multi-layered scaffold model compared to the single-layer model. The ABM developed provides insight into the characteristics that influence the selection of optimal geometric and degradation characteristics of tissue engineering scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mehdizadeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 33rd St, Suite 127, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Elif S Bayrak
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 33rd St, Suite 127, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Chenlin Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 33rd St, Suite 127, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Sami I Somo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Suite 314, 3255 S Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Banu Akar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Suite 314, 3255 S Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Suite 314, 3255 S Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Ali Cinar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 33rd St, Suite 127, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Suite 314, 3255 S Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cellular Nutrition in Complex Three-Dimensional Scaffolds: A Comparison between Experiments and Computer Simulations. Int J Biomater 2015; 2015:584362. [PMID: 26539216 PMCID: PMC4619933 DOI: 10.1155/2015/584362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on bone cell ingrowth into synthetic, porous three-dimensional (3D) implants showed difficulties arising from impaired cellular proliferation and differentiation in the core region of these scaffolds with increasing scaffold volume in vitro. Therefore, we developed an in vitro perfusion cell culture module, which allows the analysis of cells in the interior of scaffolds under different medium flow rates. For each flow rate the cell viability was measured and compared with results from computer simulations that predict the local oxygen supply and shear stress inside the scaffold based on the finite element method. We found that the local cell viability correlates with the local oxygen concentration and the local shear stress. On the one hand the oxygen supply of the cells in the core becomes optimal with a higher perfusion flow. On the other hand shear stress caused by high flow rates impedes cell vitality, especially at the surface of the scaffold. Our results demonstrate that both parameters must be considered to derive an optimal nutrient flow rate.
Collapse
|
34
|
Integrative Utilization of Microenvironments, Biomaterials and Computational Techniques for Advanced Tissue Engineering. J Biotechnol 2015; 212:71-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
35
|
Ribeiro FO, Gómez-Benito MJ, Folgado J, Fernandes PR, García-Aznar JM. In silico Mechano-Chemical Model of Bone Healing for the Regeneration of Critical Defects: The Effect of BMP-2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127722. [PMID: 26043112 PMCID: PMC4456173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The healing of bone defects is a challenge for both tissue engineering and modern orthopaedics. This problem has been addressed through the study of scaffold constructs combined with mechanoregulatory theories, disregarding the influence of chemical factors and their respective delivery devices. Of the chemical factors involved in the bone healing process, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been identified as one of the most powerful osteoinductive proteins. The aim of this work is to develop and validate a mechano-chemical regulatory model to study the effect of BMP-2 on the healing of large bone defects in silico. We first collected a range of quantitative experimental data from the literature concerning the effects of BMP-2 on cellular activity, specifically proliferation, migration, differentiation, maturation and extracellular matrix production. These data were then used to define a model governed by mechano-chemical stimuli to simulate the healing of large bone defects under the following conditions: natural healing, an empty hydrogel implanted in the defect and a hydrogel soaked with BMP-2 implanted in the defect. For the latter condition, successful defect healing was predicted, in agreement with previous in vivo experiments. Further in vivo comparisons showed the potential of the model, which accurately predicted bone tissue formation during healing, bone tissue distribution across the defect and the quantity of bone inside the defect. The proposed mechano-chemical model also estimated the effect of BMP-2 on cells and the evolution of healing in large bone defects. This novel in silico tool provides valuable insight for bone tissue regeneration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - María José Gómez-Benito
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - João Folgado
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo R. Fernandes
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Manuel García-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Biomimetic approaches in bone tissue engineering: Integrating biological and physicomechanical strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:1-29. [PMID: 25236302 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of responsive biomaterials capable of demonstrating modulated function in response to dynamic physiological and mechanical changes in vivo remains an important challenge in bone tissue engineering. To achieve long-term repair and good clinical outcomes, biologically responsive approaches that focus on repair and reconstitution of tissue structure and function through drug release, receptor recognition, environmental responsiveness and tuned biodegradability are required. Traditional orthopedic materials lack biomimicry, and mismatches in tissue morphology, or chemical and mechanical properties ultimately accelerate device failure. Multiple stimuli have been proposed as principal contributors or mediators of cell activity and bone tissue formation, including physical (substrate topography, stiffness, shear stress and electrical forces) and biochemical factors (growth factors, genes or proteins). However, optimal solutions to bone regeneration remain elusive. This review will focus on biological and physicomechanical considerations currently being explored in bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
37
|
Leijten J, Chai Y, Papantoniou I, Geris L, Schrooten J, Luyten F. Cell based advanced therapeutic medicinal products for bone repair: Keep it simple? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:30-44. [PMID: 25451134 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of cell based advanced therapeutic medicinal products (ATMPs) for bone repair has been expected to revolutionize the health care system for the clinical treatment of bone defects. Despite this great promise, the clinical outcomes of the few cell based ATMPs that have been translated into clinical treatments have been far from impressive. In part, the clinical outcomes have been hampered because of the simplicity of the first wave of products. In response the field has set-out and amassed a plethora of complexities to alleviate the simplicity induced limitations. Many of these potential second wave products have remained "stuck" in the development pipeline. This is due to a number of reasons including the lack of a regulatory framework that has been evolving in the last years and the shortage of enabling technologies for industrial manufacturing to deal with these novel complexities. In this review, we reflect on the current ATMPs and give special attention to novel approaches that are able to provide complexity to ATMPs in a straightforward manner. Moreover, we discuss the potential tools able to produce or predict 'goldilocks' ATMPs, which are neither too simple nor too complex.
Collapse
|
38
|
Shelyakova T, Russo A, Visani A, Dediu VA, Marcacci M. Application of magnetic rods for fixation in orthopedic treatments. Comput Biol Med 2015; 61:101-6. [PMID: 25880709 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Achieving an efficient fixation for complicated fractures and scaffold application treatments is a challenging surgery problem. Although many fixation approaches have been advanced and actively pursued, the optimal solution for long bone defects has not yet been defined. This paper promotes an innovative fixation method based on application of magnetic forces. The efficiency of this approach was investigated on the basis of finite element modeling for scaffold application and analytical calculations for diaphyseal fractures. Three different configurations have been analyzed including combinations of small cylindrical permanent magnets or stainless steel rods, inserted rigidly in the bone intramedullary canals and in the scaffold. It was shown that attractive forces as high as 75 N can be achieved. While these forces do not reach the strength of mechanical forces in traditional fixators, the employment of magnetic rods is expected to be beneficial by reducing considerably the interface micromotions. It can additionally support magneto-mechanical stimulations as well as enabling a magnetically assisted targeted delivery of drugs and other bio-agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Shelyakova
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Laboratory of NanoBiotechnologies (NABI), Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo, 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Laboratory of NanoBiotechnologies (NABI), Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; 2nd Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Pupilli, 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Visani
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Laboratory of NanoBiotechnologies (NABI), Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentin Alek Dediu
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurilio Marcacci
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Laboratory of NanoBiotechnologies (NABI), Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo, 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy; 2nd Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Pupilli, 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mehdizadeh H, Somo SI, Bayrak ES, Brey EM, Cinar A. Design of Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie503133e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mehdizadeh
- Illinois Institute of Technology, 3300 S Federal Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Sami I. Somo
- Illinois Institute of Technology, 3300 S Federal Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Elif S. Bayrak
- Illinois Institute of Technology, 3300 S Federal Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Illinois Institute of Technology, 3300 S Federal Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Ali Cinar
- Illinois Institute of Technology, 3300 S Federal Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schmitt M, Allena R, Schouman T, Frasca S, Collombet JM, Holy X, Rouch P. Diffusion model to describe osteogenesis within a porous titanium scaffold. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015; 19:171-9. [PMID: 25573031 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2014.998207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we develop a two-dimensional finite element model, which is derived from an animal experiment and allows simulating osteogenesis within a porous titanium scaffold implanted in ewe's hemi-mandible during 12 weeks. The cell activity is described through diffusion equations and regulated by the stress state of the structure. We compare our model to (i) histological observations and (ii) experimental data obtained from a mechanical test done on sacrificed animal. We show that our mechano-biological approach provides consistent numerical results and constitutes a useful tool to predict osteogenesis pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Schmitt
- a Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM , 151 bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris , France
| | - R Allena
- a Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM , 151 bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris , France
| | - T Schouman
- a Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM , 151 bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris , France.,b Department of maxillofacial surgery , APHP - Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital , University of Paris 6, 75013 Paris , France
| | - S Frasca
- c Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées , 91223 Brétigny sur Orge , France
| | - J M Collombet
- c Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées , 91223 Brétigny sur Orge , France
| | - X Holy
- c Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées , 91223 Brétigny sur Orge , France
| | - P Rouch
- a Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM , 151 bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Burke D, Kelly DJ. A mechanobiological model of endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2014; 19:74-83. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2014.989388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
42
|
Yousefi AM, Hoque ME, Prasad RGSV, Uth N. Current strategies in multiphasic scaffold design for osteochondral tissue engineering: A review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2460-81. [PMID: 25345589 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The repair of osteochondral defects requires a tissue engineering approach that aims at mimicking the physiological properties and structure of two different tissues (cartilage and bone) using specifically designed scaffold-cell constructs. Biphasic and triphasic approaches utilize two or three different architectures, materials, or composites to produce a multilayered construct. This article gives an overview of some of the current strategies in multiphasic/gradient-based scaffold architectures and compositions for tissue engineering of osteochondral defects. In addition, the application of finite element analysis (FEA) in scaffold design and simulation of in vitro and in vivo cell growth outcomes has been briefly covered. FEA-based approaches can potentially be coupled with computer-assisted fabrication systems for controlled deposition and additive manufacturing of the simulated patterns. Finally, a summary of the existing challenges associated with the repair of osteochondral defects as well as some recommendations for future directions have been brought up in the concluding section of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azizeh-Mitra Yousefi
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056
| | - Md Enamul Hoque
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
| | - Rangabhatala G S V Prasad
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Nano Research for Advanced Materials, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nicholas Uth
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Geris L. Regenerative orthopaedics: in vitro, in vivo...in silico. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 38:1771-8. [PMID: 24984594 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In silico, defined in analogy to in vitro and in vivo as those studies that are performed on a computer, is an essential step in problem-solving and product development in classical engineering fields. The use of in silico models is now slowly easing its way into medicine. In silico models are already used in orthopaedics for the planning of complicated surgeries, personalised implant design and the analysis of gait measurements. However, these in silico models often lack the simulation of the response of the biological system over time. In silico models focusing on the response of the biological systems are in full development. This review starts with an introduction into in silico models of orthopaedic processes. Special attention is paid to the classification of models according to their spatiotemporal scale (gene/protein to population) and the information they were built on (data vs hypotheses). Subsequently, the review focuses on the in silico models used in regenerative orthopaedics research. Contributions of in silico models to an enhanced understanding and optimisation of four key elements-cells, carriers, culture and clinics-are illustrated. Finally, a number of challenges are identified, related to the computational aspects but also to the integration of in silico tools into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ahmadi S, Campoli G, Amin Yavari S, Sajadi B, Wauthle R, Schrooten J, Weinans H, Zadpoor A. Mechanical behavior of regular open-cell porous biomaterials made of diamond lattice unit cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 34:106-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
45
|
Hendrikson WJ, van Blitterswijk CA, Verdonschot N, Moroni L, Rouwkema J. Modeling mechanical signals on the surface of µCT and CAD based rapid prototype scaffold models to predict (early stage) tissue development. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1864-75. [PMID: 24824318 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering, mechano-regulation theories have been applied to help predict tissue development in tissue engineering scaffolds in the past. For this, finite element models (FEMs) were used to predict the distribution of strains within a scaffold. However, the strains reported in these studies are volumetric strains of the material or strains developed in the extracellular matrix occupying the pore space. The initial phase of cell attachment and growth on the biomaterial surface has thus far been neglected. In this study, we present a model that determines the magnitude of biomechanical signals on the biomaterial surface, enabling us to predict cell differentiation stimulus values at this initial stage. Results showed that magnitudes of the 2D strain--termed surface strain--were lower when compared to the 3D volumetric strain or the conventional octahedral shear strain as used in current mechano-regulation theories. Results of both µCT and CAD derived FEMs from the same scaffold were compared. Strain and fluid shear stress distributions, and subsequently the cell differentiation stimulus, were highly dependent on the pore shape. CAD models were not able to capture the distributions seen in the µCT FEM. The calculated mechanical stimuli could be combined with current mechanobiological models resulting in a tool to predict cell differentiation in the initial phase of tissue engineering. Although experimental data is still necessary to properly link mechanical signals to cell behavior in this specific setting, this model is an important step towards optimizing scaffold architecture and/or stimulation regimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J Hendrikson
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vascularized bone tissue formation induced by fiber-reinforced scaffolds cultured with osteoblasts and endothelial cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:854917. [PMID: 24369019 PMCID: PMC3867896 DOI: 10.1155/2013/854917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The repair of the damaged bone tissue caused by damage or bone disease was still a problem. Current strategies including the use of autografts and allografts have the disadvantages, namely, diseases transmission, tissue availability and donor morbidity. Bone tissue engineering has been developed and regarded as a new way of regenerating bone tissues to repair or substitute damaged or diseased ones. The main limitation in engineering in vitro tissues is the lack of a sufficient blood vessel system, the vascularization. In this paper, a new-typed hydroxyapatite/collagen composite scaffold which was reinforced by chitosan fibers and cultured with osteoblasts and endothelial cells was fabricated. General observation, histological observation, detection of the degree of vascularization, and X-ray examination had been done to learn the effect of vascularized bone repair materials on the regeneration of bone. The results show that new vessel and bone formed using implant cultured with osteoblasts and endothelial cells. Nanofiber-reinforced scaffold cultured with osteoblasts and endothelial cells can induce vascularized bone tissue formation.
Collapse
|
47
|
Pioletti DP. Integration of mechanotransduction concepts in bone tissue engineering. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 16:1050-5. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.780602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
48
|
Goswami MM, Kumar M, Vats A, Bansal AS. Evaluation of dental implant insertion torque using a manual ratchet. Med J Armed Forces India 2013; 71:S327-32. [PMID: 26843747 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental implant insertion torque is crucial for the success of the implant and the prosthesis. This in-vivo study was undertaken to determine the average insertion torque being applied to the dental implant while surgically placing it with a non-calibrated manual ratchet. METHODS Three dental surgeons placed a total of 45 dental implants (Touareg, ADIN, Afula, Israel) in 42 selected patients. Each surgeon placed 15 implants. Standardised protocols were followed to prepare the site to place the dental implant. Each implant was placed using a manual non-calibrated implant ratchet first. Once the implant was nearly placed, a manual calibrated torque gauge ratchet was used to place the implant in its final position and at that instance, the maximum final torque applied was noted on the torque gauge scale. RESULTS The mean dental implant insertion torque applied by three surgeons using a non-calibrated manual ratchet was estimated to be 63.26 Ncm with a standard error of 6.80 i.e. (63.26 + 6.8), which was significantly higher than the baseline of 35 Ncm (p < 0.0001). The mean dental implant torque applied by Surgeon 1, 2 and 3, respectively, was 65.93 Ncm, 62.60 Ncm and 62.13 Ncm and this difference amongst them was found to be statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) and each of them had reached more than the baseline level of 35 Ncm individually and significantly (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Without the use of torque measuring devices, an average surgeon may achieve an average insertion torque of 63.26 + 6.8 Ncm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Goswami
- Dental Officer & Classified Specialist (Prosthodontics), Armed Forces Dental Clinic, Tyagraj Marg, New Delhi 110011, India
| | - Mukul Kumar
- Commanding Officer, Medical Dental Center, Meerut 900468, C/O 56 APO, India
| | - Abhinav Vats
- Dental Officer, 331 Field Hospital, C/O 56 APO, India
| | - A S Bansal
- Associate Professor (Community Medicine), Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Bhatinda, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Freeman FE, Haugh MG, McNamara LM. Investigation of the optimal timing for chondrogenic priming of MSCs to enhance osteogenic differentiation in vitro as a bone tissue engineering strategy. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E250-62. [PMID: 23922276 DOI: 10.1002/term.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent in vitro tissue engineering approaches have shown that chondrogenic priming of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can have a positive effect on osteogenesis in vivo. However, whether chondrogenic priming is an effective in vitro bone regeneration strategy is not yet known. In particular, the appropriate timing for chondrogenic priming in vitro is unknown albeit that in vivo cartilage formation persists for a specific period before bone formation. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum time for chondrogenic priming of MSCs to enhance osteogenic differentiation by MSCs in vitro. Pellets derived from murine and human MSCs were cultured in six different media groups: two control groups (chondrogenic and osteogenic) and four chondrogenic priming groups (10, 14, 21 and 28 days priming). Biochemical analyses (Hoechst, sulfate glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), Alkaline Phosphate (ALP), calcium), histology (Alcian Blue, Alizarin Red) and immunohistochemistry (collagen types I, II and X) were performed on the samples at specific times. Our results show that after 49 days the highest amount of sGAG production occurred in MSCs chondrogenically primed for 21 days and 28 days. Moreover we found that chondrogenic priming of MSCs in vitro for specific amounts of time (14 days, 21 days) can have optimum influence on their mineralization capacity and can produce a construct that is mineralized throughout the core. Determining the optimum time for chondrogenic priming to enhance osteogenic differentiation in vitro provides information that might lead to a novel regenerative treatment for large bone defects, as well as addressing the major limitation of core degradation and construct failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F E Freeman
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, NUI Galway, Ireland.,National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science (NCBES), NUI Galway, Ireland
| | - M G Haugh
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, NUI Galway, Ireland.,National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science (NCBES), NUI Galway, Ireland
| | - L M McNamara
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, NUI Galway, Ireland.,National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science (NCBES), NUI Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Schmitt M, Rouch P, Tillier Y, Schouman T, Allena R. Diffusion–reaction model to describe osteogenesis within a titanium scaffold. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 16 Suppl 1:266-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.815936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|