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YANG JING, YANG LIUQING, MA SHANHONG, ZHAO DEMING, QIN TAO. NUMERICAL COUPLING ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF BLOOD FLOW ON THE MECHANICAL RESPONSE FOR LIVER. J MECH MED BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519421500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As an important basis for determining the state of the liver, the mechanical responses are associated with many factors, and belong to a complex coupling system. Liver tissue has significantly complicated vascular channels. The vascular diameter, vascular deflection angle and vascular depth are defined as the key characteristic parameters. The influences of these parameters on the mechanical responses were analyzed. On the basis of the real mechanical parameters, the coupled numerical model of blood vessel, blood flow and liver tissue was established. The corresponding mechanical responses are obtained by utilizing the different vascular parameters. The effects of vascular parameters on the differences among the mechanical response difference and high strain modulus were analyzed. It was found that the blood vessels in the central area could reduce the liver mechanical response. The inner diameter parameter had main influences on the regions where the stain was more than 0.1. The mechanical difference is greater with larger inner diameter. The influences of vascular depth are greatest when the vascular depth was in the intermediate value, which would increase the liver mechanical responses. With the increment of vascular deflection angle, the liver mechanical response would also increase, and exceed the mechanical response without blood vessels. The findings after analyzing the influence of vascular parameters will provide a basis for the quantitative studies on the influence of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- JING YANG
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Digitalization of Automobile Parts, Manufacturing Equipment Xiangyang, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - LIUQING YANG
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - SHANHONG MA
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - DEMING ZHAO
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - TAO QIN
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Digitalization of Automobile Parts, Manufacturing Equipment Xiangyang, Hubei Province, P. R. China
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Khan MIH, Patel N, Mahiuddin M, Karim M. Characterisation of mechanical properties of food materials during drying using nanoindentation. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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MacManus DB, Maillet M, O'Gorman S, Pierrat B, Murphy JG, Gilchrist MD. Sex- and age-specific mechanical properties of liver tissue under dynamic loading conditions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 99:240-246. [PMID: 31415992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the most commonly injured abdominal organ following either blunt or penetrating impact. Current mechanical properties available in the literature are typically only measured at low strain rates, low strains, or use linear viscoelastic models. There is also a dearth of high-rate, large strain, viscoelastic data available for liver tissue which are required to model the deformation of the liver during high-rate impacts. Furthermore, the issue of whether mouse liver's mechanical properties are sex-dependent has not been addressed previously. Here, we present the first in vitro sex- and age-controlled mechanical characterisation of mixed-strain (C57BL and wild-type) mouse liver tissue at a localised length scale using large-deformation and high strain rate micro-indentation. We also investigated the effects of age on the mechanical properties of liver tissue. Force-relaxation experiments were performed on both male and female mouse livers up to 35% strain at 10/s and allowed to relax for 1s. The neo-Hookean based quasi-linear viscoelastic model was fitted to the experimental data to determine the large-strain behaviour of the tissue. A comprehensive statistical analysis was performed to determine whether any significant differences existed for (i) the short-term shear moduli and (ii) long-term shear moduli between 10 weeks-old male and female mouse livers, and (iii) the short-term and (iv) long-term shear moduli for 6, 10, and 56 weeks-old mouse livers. No significant differences were found between the mechanical properties in the sex groups. The 56 weeks-old liver tissue was found to be significantly stiffer than the 6 weeks-old liver tissue, but not the 10 weeks-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B MacManus
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Maxence Maillet
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Shane O'Gorman
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Baptiste Pierrat
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jeremiah G Murphy
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael D Gilchrist
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Qian L, Zhao H. Nanoindentation of Soft Biological Materials. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E654. [PMID: 30544918 PMCID: PMC6316095 DOI: 10.3390/mi9120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoindentation techniques, with high spatial resolution and force sensitivity, have recently been moved into the center of the spotlight for measuring the mechanical properties of biomaterials, especially bridging the scales from the molecular via the cellular and tissue all the way to the organ level, whereas characterizing soft biomaterials, especially down to biomolecules, is fraught with more pitfalls compared with the hard biomaterials. In this review we detail the constitutive behavior of soft biomaterials under nanoindentation (including AFM) and present the characteristics of experimental aspects in detail, such as the adaption of instrumentation and indentation response of soft biomaterials. We further show some applications, and discuss the challenges and perspectives related to nanoindentation of soft biomaterials, a technique that can pinpoint the mechanical properties of soft biomaterials for the scale-span is far-reaching for understanding biomechanics and mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Qian
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
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