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Syed RU, Alshammari MD, Banu H, Khojali WMA, Jafar M, Nagaraju P, Alshammari A. Targeting the autophagy-miRNA axis in prostate cancer: toward novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03153-0. [PMID: 38761210 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Since prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, a better understanding of the molecular pathways guiding its development is imperative. A key factor in prostate cancer is autophagy, a cellular mechanism that affects both cell survival and death. Autophagy is essential in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is a physiological mechanism wherein redundant or malfunctioning cellular constituents are broken down and recycled. It is essential for preserving cellular homeostasis and is implicated in several physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. Autophagy has been linked to metastasis, tumor development, and treatment resistance in prostate cancer. The deregulation of miRNAs related to autophagy appears to be a crucial element in the etiology of prostate cancer. These miRNAs influence the destiny of cancer cells by finely regulating autophagic mechanisms. Numerous investigations have emphasized the dual function of specific miRNAs in prostate cancer, which alter autophagy-related pathways to function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Notably, miRNAs have been linked to the control of autophagy and the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of prostate cancer cells. To create customized therapy approaches, it is imperative to comprehend the dynamic interplay between autophagy and miRNAs in prostate cancer. The identification of key miRNAs provides potential diagnostic and prognostic markers. Unraveling the complex network of lncRNAs, like PCA3, also expands the repertoire of molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. This review explores the intricate interplay between autophagy and miRNAs in prostate cancer, focusing on their regulatory roles in cellular processes ranging from survival to programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maali D Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humera Banu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Weam M A Khojali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, 14415, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Jafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Potnuri Nagaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Mandesh Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research Center, Mhaswad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alia Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Zheng B, Jiang X, Liu Y, Cheng F, Zhang Y, Niu C, Cong Z, Niu Z, He W. Elevated histone deacetylase 10 expression promotes the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by Notch-1-PTEN signaling axis. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:156. [PMID: 38733531 PMCID: PMC11088579 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common pathological subtype of kidney cancer, accounts for approximately 70% to 80% of all cases. Histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) belongs to the HDAC class IIb subgroup, one of the histone deacetylases (HDAC) family. Previous studies suggest that HDAC10 may regulate the development of multiple tumor types. The specific molecular mechanisms employed by HDAC10 in the etiology of ccRCC still need to be discovered. METHODS The analysis included examining HDAC10 expression levels and their clinical importance within a cohort of inpatients and ccRCC patients documented in the Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA). Moreover, the biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of HDAC10 were investigated. RESULTS HDAC10 showed increased expression in ccRCC tumor tissues. Subsequent analysis revealed overexpression of HDAC10 was associated with advanced clinical phenotype and unfavorable prognosis. The absence of HDAC10 significantly decreased ccRCC cell proliferation and migration capabilities. Mechanistic research suggests that HDAC10 may promote RCC development by activating the Notch-1 pathway and downregulating PTEN expression levels. CONCLUSION In summary, HDAC10 can modulate critical biological processes in ccRCC, including proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Notably, the Notch-1 pathway and PTEN serve as crucial signaling pathways and target genes through which HDAC10 regulates the progression of ccRCC. These findings offer a novel outlook for ccRCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fajuan Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Chengtao Niu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zixiang Cong
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihong Niu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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George DC, Bertrand FE, Sigounas G. Notch-3 affects chemoresistance in colorectal cancer via DNA base excision repair enzymes. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101013. [PMID: 38290285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2024.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death. With over 153,000 new CRC cases predicted, it is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer. Early detection can lead to curative surgical intervention, but recurrent and late metastatic disease is frequently treated with chemotherapeutic options based on induction of DNA damage. Understanding mechanism(s) that regulate DNA damage repair within colon tumor cells is essential to developing effective therapeutic strategies. The Notch signaling pathway is known to participate in normal colon development and we have recently described a pathway by which Notch-1, Notch-3 and Smad may regulated EMT and stem-like properties in colon tumor cells, promoting tumorigenesis. Little is known about how Notch may regulate drug resistance. In this study, we used shRNA to generate colon tumor cells with loss of Notch-3 expression. These cells exhibited reduced expression of the base-excision repair proteins PARP1 and APE1, along with increased sensitivity to ara-c and cisplatin. These data point to a pathway in which Notch-3 signaling can regulate DNA repair within colon tumor cells and suggests that targeting Notch-3 may be an effective approach to rendering colon tumors sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Fred E Bertrand
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - George Sigounas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Mourkioti I, Angelopoulou A, Belogiannis K, Lagopati N, Potamianos S, Kyrodimos E, Gorgoulis V, Papaspyropoulos A. Interplay of Developmental Hippo-Notch Signaling Pathways with the DNA Damage Response in Prostate Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152449. [PMID: 35954292 PMCID: PMC9367915 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer belongs in the class of hormone-dependent cancers, representing a major cause of cancer incidence in men worldwide. Since upon disease onset almost all prostate cancers are androgen-dependent and require active androgen receptor (AR) signaling for their survival, the primary treatment approach has for decades relied on inhibition of the AR pathway via androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, following this line of treatment, cancer cell pools often become resistant to therapy, contributing to disease progression towards the significantly more aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) form, characterized by poor prognosis. It is, therefore, of critical importance to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying the progression of early-stage prostate cancer towards CRPC. In this review, we aim to shed light on the role of major signaling pathways including the DNA damage response (DDR) and the developmental Hippo and Notch pathways in prostate tumorigenesis. We recapitulate key evidence demonstrating the crosstalk of those pathways as well as with pivotal prostate cancer-related 'hubs' such as AR signaling, and evaluate the clinical impact of those interactions. Moreover, we attempt to identify molecules of the complex DDR-Hippo-Notch interplay comprising potentially novel therapeutic targets in the battle against prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mourkioti
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andriani Angelopoulou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Belogiannis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Potamianos
- First ENT Department, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- First ENT Department, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Clinical Molecular Pathology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (A.P.); Tel.: +30-210-7462352 (V.G.); +30-210-7462174 (A.P.)
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (A.P.); Tel.: +30-210-7462352 (V.G.); +30-210-7462174 (A.P.)
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Seguro Paula F, Delgado Alves J. The role of the Notch pathway in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: clinical implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:1257-1267. [PMID: 34719325 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.2000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic debilitating disease characterized by vascular insufficiency, widespread fibrosis and immune activation. Current understanding of its pathophysiology remains incomplete, which translates into inefficient therapies. Notch signaling is a central player in the development of physiological and pathological fibrosis not only in general but also in the context of SSc and is most likely involved in the vascular dysfunction that characterizes the disease. AREAS COVERED This review explores the role of the Notch pathway in the pathophysiology of SSc and the potential implications for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of this yet incurable disease. EXPERT OPINION Although major issues still exist about the comprehension of SSc and the design of effective treatments, the knowledge of the role of the Notch pathway in fibrogenesis and vascular biology has shed light and enthusiasm over the field. Drugs that target components of Notch signaling are currently in development including already some in clinical trials. As such, Notch may become a very important topic in the near future (considering both the pathophysiology and treatment perspectives), not only in the context of SSc but also in the vascular-dependent fibrotic processes present in a multitude of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Seguro Paula
- Immune Response and Vascular Disease, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.,Systemic Immune-mediated Diseases Unit, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, Amadora, Portugal
| | - José Delgado Alves
- Immune Response and Vascular Disease, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.,Systemic Immune-mediated Diseases Unit, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, Amadora, Portugal
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Liu T, Wang J, Sun L, Li M, He X, Jiang J, Zhou Q. Piwi-interacting RNA-651 promotes cell proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in breast cancer by facilitating DNMT1-mediated PTEN promoter methylation. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1603-1616. [PMID: 34313525 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1956090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs/piRs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in stablizing genome through silencing transposable genetic elements. The piR-651 was reported to be dysregulated in several human solid cancer tissues, such as gastric and lung cancers. However, the role of piRNA-651 in carcinogenesis of breast cancer has not been defined. We found that piR-651 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of piR-651 facilitated cell proliferation and invasion, restrained cell apoptosis and the percentage of arrested cells in G0/G1 phase, accompanied by upregulated expression of oncogenes (MDM2, CDK4 and Cyclin D1), whereas piR-651 downregulation showed the opposite effects. Additionally, piR-651 could promote phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) methylation and its downregulated expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to the PTEN promoter region through complex formation with PIWIL2. PTEN overexpression reversed the effects of upregulated piR-651 on cell functions. This study reveals that piR-651 promotes proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by facilitating DNMT1-mediated PTEN promoter methylation, which may provide a potential therapeutic mechanism for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jue Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Soylu H, Kırca M, Avcı S, Ozpolat B, Ustunel I. Antiandrogen abiraterone and docetaxel treatments affect Notch1, Jagged1 and Hes1 expressions in metastatic prostate cancer cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 119:104607. [PMID: 33482170 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. A Notch signaling pathway is an important pathway in cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate. However, currently, the effects of abiraterone based-anti-androgene therapy and docetaxel, the most commonly used standard chemotherapy in prostate cancer treatment, on Notch signaling pathway are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of abiraterone acetate and docetaxel on the expression of Notch1, Jagged1 and Hes1 in prostate cancer cell lines. METHODS In vitro effects of abiraterone acetate and docetaxel were examined on Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 expression in LNCaP and PC3 PCa cell lines by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and qRT-PCR. MTT proliferation assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation and survival. RESULTS We found that in the treatment of PC3 cells with abiraterone acetate, docetaxel, and their combination, only mRNA expressions of Notch1, Jagged1 and Hes1 were affected compared to control, but these expression differences were not observed in protein expression. In LNCaP cells, abiraterone acetate and the combination groups reduced Notch1 protein expression. All treatment groups did not alter Jagged1 expression compared to control, but significantly increased the Hes1 gene and protein expression. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that abiraterone and docetaxel treatments affects the expression of Notch signal pathway proteins. But these drugs especially cause significant upregulation in Hes1 expression in PCa cells. Therefore, co-application of Notch signaling inhibitors together with docetaxel and abiraterone chemotherapy, it was thought that decreased Hes1 expression could be stopped the deterioration of the prognosis of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Soylu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, 81620 Duzce, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kırca
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences University, 43100 Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Sema Avcı
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ismail Ustunel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, TURKEY.
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Kottaiswamy A, Kizhakeyil A, Padmanaban AM, Mirza FB, Vijay VR, Lee PS, Verma NK, Kalaiselvan P, Samuel S. The Citrus Flavanone Hesperetin Induces Apoptosis in CTCL Cells via STAT3/Notch1/NFκB-Mediated Signaling Axis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1459-1468. [DOI: 10.2174/1871521409666200324110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hesperetin is a natural compound known for its cholesterol-lowering effect and a wide
range of pharmacological activities.
Objectives:
Investigating the potential anticancer activities of Hesperetin in malignant hematolymphoid cell
lines HuT78 and MJ, derived from patients with Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL).
Methods:
The cytotoxic effect of Hesperetin on two different CTCL cell lines, HuT78 and MJ, was assessed by
MTS-based colorimetric assay. Apoptosis, cell cycle, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and molecular analysis
were performed using flow-cytometry and immunoblotting.
Results:
Hesperetin-treated CTCL cells were arrested at the sub-G1 phase of cell cycle with the concomitant
decrease in the expression of the cell cycle regulator protein cyclin B. In addition, the study found that the cellular
treatment with Hesperetin caused an induction of apoptosis, which was independent of ROS generation. Hesperetin
caused a significant decrease in the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and an increase in cleaved
caspase-3 and PARP proteins in CTCL cells. Furthermore, Hesperetin treatment in CTCL cells down-regulated
the expression of Notch1 and phosphorylation of STAT3 (Tyr705) and inhibited NFκBp65.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the anticancer properties of Hesperetin. Which induces apoptosis in CTCL
cells via STAT3/Notch1/NFκB mediated signaling pathway, suggesting that further development of this novel
class of flavonoid may contribute to new drug discovery for certain hematolymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atish Kizhakeyil
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | | | - Fathima B. Mirza
- VRR Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesh R. Vijay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | - Pin S. Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | - Navin K. Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | | | - Shila Samuel
- VRR Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Bertrand FE. The cross-talk of NOTCH and GSK-3 signaling in colon and other cancers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118738. [PMID: 32389646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The GSK-3 kinases, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, have a central role in regulating multiple cellular processes such as glycogen synthesis, insulin signaling, cell proliferation and apoptosis. GSK-3β is the most well studied, and was originally described for its role in regulating glycogen synthase. GSK-3β has been studied as a participant in the oncogenic process in a variety of cancers due to its intersection with the PTEN/PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. Dysregulated signaling through the Notch family of receptors can also promote oncogenesis. Normal Notch receptor signaling regulates cell fate determination in stem cell pools. GSK-3β and Notch share similar targets such β-catenin and the WNT pathway. WNT and β-catenin are involved in several oncogenic processes including those of the colon. In addition, GSK-3β may directly regulate aspects of Notch signaling. This review describes how crosstalk between GSK-3β and Notch can promote oncogenesis, using colon cancer as the primary example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred E Bertrand
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Wang K, Sun H, Sun T, Qu H, Xie Q, Lv H, Hu B. Long non-coding RNA AFAP1-AS1 promotes proliferation and invasion in prostate cancer via targeting miR-512-3p. Gene 2019; 726:144169. [PMID: 31669642 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (OBJECTIVE) In the development of tumor therapy, the role of long non-coding RNA actin filagenin 1 antisense RNA 1 (1ncRNA AFAP1-AS1) is quite significant, but the actual role of AFAP1-AS1 in the treatment of prostate cancer has not been determined. In view of this, the author took AFAP1-AS1 as the research object to design an experimental study, and conducted an in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. METHODS RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of AFAP1-AS1 and miR-512-3p in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Perforation, flow cytometry and CCK-8 were used to detect the effects of cell proliferation, migration and invasion of mir-512-3p and a AFAP1-AS1. And the luciferase reporter gene was used to detect the downstream target gene of AFAP1-AS1, and the expression of CDK4, CDK6 and CCND1 protein was detected by Western blot. RESULTS AFAP1-AS1 is highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. The expression level of AFAP1-AS1 is correlated with histological grade and distant metastasis. The overall level of patients with high expression of AFAP1-AS1 is low, and their survival rate is relatively low. Silencing AFAP1-AS1 can significantly increase the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells. AFAP1-AS1 silencing induces cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. The downstream target of AFAP1-AS1 was mir-512-3p. The role of AFAP1-AS1 in the progression of prostate cancer cells was mediated by mir-512-3p. CONCLUSION AFAP1-AS1 regulates miR-512-3p, so as to realize the regulation effect on the proliferation, invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells, and thereby promote the occurrence and development of prostate cancer, so as to provide the corresponding program for the treatment of prostate cancer. Abberivation: ADPC, androgen-dependent prostate cancer; CRPC, castrated prostate cancer; RNA1 AFAP1-Asl, Actin fiber-associated protein 1-anti-RNA1; miRNAs, MicroRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Urology Department, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang City, Liaoning Province 110044, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Urology Department, China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang City, Liaoning Province 110044, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Urology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University Clinical Oncology College, Shengyang City, Liaoning Province 110044, PR China
| | - Hongchen Qu
- Urology Department, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang City, Liaoning Province 110044, PR China
| | - Qingpeng Xie
- Urology Department, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang City, Liaoning Province 110044, PR China
| | - Hang Lv
- Urology Department, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang City, Liaoning Province 110044, PR China
| | - Bin Hu
- Urology Department, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang City, Liaoning Province 110044, PR China.
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Ahmed AA, Robinson T, Palande M, Escara-Wilke J, Dai J, Keller ET. Targeted Notch1 inhibition with a Notch1 antibody, OMP-A2G1, decreases tumor growth in two murine models of prostate cancer in association with differing patterns of DNA damage response gene expression. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16946-16955. [PMID: 31099068 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Notch plays a protumorigenic role in many cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). Global notch inhibition of multiple Notch family members using γ-secretase inhibitors has shown efficacy in suppressing PCa growth in murine models. However, global Notch inhibition is associated with marked toxicity due to the widespread function of many different Notch family members in normal cell physiology. Accordingly, in the current study, we explored if specific inhibition of Notch1 would effectively inhibit PCa growth in a murine model. The androgen-dependent VCaP and androgen-independent DU145 cell lines were injected subcutaneously into mice. The mice were treated with either control antibody 1B7.11, anti-Notch1 antibody (OMP-A2G1), docetaxel or the combination of OMP-A2G1 and docetaxel. Tumor growth was measured using calipers. At the end of the study, tumors were assessed for proliferative response, apoptotic response, Notch target gene expression, and DNA damage response (DDR) expression. OMP-A2G1 alone inhibited tumor growth of both PCa cell lines to a greater extent than docetaxel alone. There was no additive or synergistic effect of OMP-A2G1 and docetaxel. The primary toxicity was weight loss that was controlled with dietary supplementation. Proliferation and apoptosis were affected differentially in the two cell lines. OMP-A2G1 increased expression of the DDR gene GADD45α in VCaP cells but downregulated GADD45α in Du145 cells. Taken together, these data show that Notch1 inhibition decreases PCa xenograft growth but does so through different mechanisms in the androgen-dependent VCaP cell line vs the androgen-independent DU145 cell line. These results provide a rationale for further exploration of targeted Notch inhibition for therapy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqila A Ahmed
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tyler Robinson
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Monica Palande
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Jinlu Dai
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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12
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Saito N, Hirai N, Aoki K, Suzuki R, Fujita S, Nakayama H, Hayashi M, Ito K, Sakurai T, Iwabuchi S. The Oncogene Addiction Switch from NOTCH to PI3K Requires Simultaneous Targeting of NOTCH and PI3K Pathway Inhibition in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010121. [PMID: 30669546 PMCID: PMC6356490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH pathway regulates neural stem cells and glioma initiating cells (GICs). However, blocking NOTCH activity with γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) fails to alter the growth of GICs, as GSIs seem to be active in only a fraction of GICs lines with constitutive NOTCH activity. Here we report loss of PTEN function as a critical event leading to resistance to NOTCH inhibition, which causes the transfer of oncogene addiction from the NOTCH pathway to the PI3K pathway. Drug cytotoxicity testing of eight GICs showed a differential growth response to GSI, and the GICs were thus stratified into two groups: sensitive and resistant. In the sensitive group, GICs with loss of PTEN function appeared less sensitive to GSI treatment. Here we show that NOTCH regulates PTEN expression and the activity of the PI3K pathway in GICs, as treatment with GSI attenuated the NOTCH pathway and increased PTEN expression. NOTCH regulates PTEN expression via Hes-1, as knockdown of Notch or Hes1 increased expression of PTEN. This novel observation suggests that both pathways must be simultaneously inhibited in order to improve therapeutic efficacy in human glioblastomas (GBMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Hirai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Aoki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
| | - Haruo Nakayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
| | - Morito Hayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
| | - Takatoshi Sakurai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Iwabuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
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13
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Bertacchini J, Mediani L, Beretti F, Guida M, Ghalali A, Brugnoli F, Bertagnolo V, Petricoin E, Poti F, Arioli J, Anselmi L, Bari A, McCubrey J, Martelli AM, Cocco L, Capitani S, Marmiroli S. Clusterin enhances AKT2‐mediated motility of normal and cancer prostate cells through a PTEN and PHLPP1 circuit. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11188-11199. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Laura Mediani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Francesca Beretti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry, and Morphology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Marianna Guida
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Aram Ghalali
- Institute of Environment Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Federica Brugnoli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics & Molecular Medicine, GMU Fairfax Virginia
| | - Francesco Poti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery‐Unit of Neurosciences University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - Jessica Arioli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Laura Anselmi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Alessia Bari
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health Program of Innovative Therapy in Oncology and Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - James McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
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14
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Lu C, Wang H, Chen S, Yang R, Li H, Zhang G. Baicalein inhibits cell growth and increases cisplatin sensitivity of A549 and H460 cells via miR-424-3p and targeting PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2478-2487. [PMID: 29392841 PMCID: PMC5867147 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in individuals with malignant disease. Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, and chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin are the most widely used treatment for this disease. Baicalein is a purified flavonoid compound that has been reported to inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis and increase sensitization to chemotherapeutic drugs via different pathways. Therefore, we assessed the effects of baicalein on the proliferation, apoptosis and cisplatin sensitivity in the NSCLC A549 and H460 cell lines and determined the pathways through which baicalein exerts its effects. Baicalein was slightly toxic to normal human bronchial NHBE cells but inhibited growth, induced apoptosis and increased cisplatin sensitivity in A549 and H460 cells. Baicalein down‐regulated miR‐424‐3p, up‐regulated PTEN expression and down‐regulated expression of PI3K and p‐Akt in A549 and H460 cells. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that PTEN is a target gene of miR‐424‐3p, and overexpression of miR‐424‐3p or silencing of PTEN partially attenuated the effects of baicalein on A549 and H460 cells. Taken together, we concluded that baicalein inhibits cell growth and increases cisplatin sensitivity to A549 and H460 cells via down‐regulation of miR‐424‐3p and targeting the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huaqi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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15
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Abstract
NUMB, and its close homologue NUMBL, behave as tumor suppressor genes by regulating the Notch pathway. The downregulation of these genes in tumors is common, allowing aberrant Notch pathway activation and tumor progression. However, some known differences between NUMB and NUMBL have raised unanswered questions regarding the redundancy and/or combined regulation of the Notch pathway by these genes during the tumorigenic process. We have found that NUMB and NUMBL exhibit mutual exclusivity in human tumors, suggesting that the associated tumor suppressor role is regulated by only one of the two proteins in a specific cell, avoiding duplicate signaling and simplifying the regulatory network. We have also found differences in gene expression due to NUMB or NUMBL downregulation. These differences in gene regulation extend to pathways, such as WNT or Hedgehog. In addition to these differences, the downregulation of either gene triggers a cancer stem cell-like related phenotype. These results show the importance of both genes as an intersection with different effects over cancer stem cell signaling pathways.
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16
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Garcia-Heredia JM, Lucena-Cacace A, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Pérez M, Carnero A. The Cargo Protein MAP17 (PDZK1IP1) Regulates the Cancer Stem Cell Pool Activating the Notch Pathway by Abducting NUMB. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3871-3883. [PMID: 28153862 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer stem cells (CSC) are self-renewing tumor cells, with the ability to generate diverse differentiated tumor cell subpopulations. They differ from normal stem cells in the deregulation of the mechanisms that normally control stem cell physiology. CSCs are the origin of metastasis and highly resistant to therapy. Therefore, the understanding of the CSC origin and deregulated pathways is important for tumor control.Experimental Design: We have included experiments in vitro, in cell lines and tumors of different origins. We have used patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and public transcriptomic databases of human tumors.Results: MAP17 (PDZKIP1), a small cargo protein overexpressed in tumors, interacts with NUMB through the PDZ-binding domain activating the Notch pathway, leading to an increase in stem cell factors and cancer-initiating-like cells. Identical behavior was mimicked by inhibiting NUMB. Conversely, MAP17 downregulation in a tumor cell line constitutively expressing this gene led to Notch pathway inactivation and a marked reduction of stemness. In PDX models, MAP17 levels directly correlated with tumorsphere formation capability. Finally, in human colon, breast, or lung there is a strong correlation of MAP17 expression with a signature of Notch and stem cell genes.Conclusions: MAP17 overexpression activates Notch pathway by sequestering NUMB. High levels of MAP17 correlated with tumorsphere formation and Notch and Stem gene transcription. Its direct modification causes direct alteration of tumorsphere number and Notch and Stem pathway transcription. This defines a new mechanism of Notch pathway activation and Stem cell pool increase that may be active in a large percentage of tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3871-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Garcia-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
- Department of Vegetal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva M Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Seville, Spain
| | - Marco Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Seville, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain.
- CIBER de Cancer, Seville, Spain
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17
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Fu X, Zhang X, Gao J, Li X, Zhang L, Li L, Wang X, Sun Z, Li Z, Chang Y, Chen Q, Zhang M. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is down-regulated in human NK/T-cell lymphoma and corrects with clinical outcomes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7111. [PMID: 28723738 PMCID: PMC5521878 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal-type natural killer/T-cell (NK/T-cell) lymphoma is a more aggressive sub-group of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is more common in Asia. The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was originally discovered as a candidate tumor suppressor mutated and lost in various cancers. However, its clinical value and role in NK/T-cell lymphoma remain to be further explored. In the present study, we analyzed PTEN protein expression in 60 cases of human NK/T-cell lymphoma tissues and 40 cases of control nasal mucosa tissues specimens by immunohistochemical analysis. As a result, positive rate of PTEN protein expression in NK/T-cell lymphoma tissues (33.3%) is significantly lower than that of control nasal mucosa tissues (85.0%) (P < .01). However, no significant association was found between PTEN protein expression and sex, age, tumor location, clinical staging (Ann Arbor staging), or serum lactate dehydrogenase level (P > .05). Instead, PTEN protein was inversely corrected with Ki-67 expression, indicating a functional role in PTEN in human NK/T-cell lymphoma (P < .05). For clinical outcomes, PTEN positive rate significantly increased in objective response group (CR+PR) (43.5%) compared with SD+PD group (18.9%). Furthermore, overexpression of PTEN contributed to chemotherapy sensitivity to different doses of cisplatin (DDP) in human NK/T-cell lymphoma SNK-6 cells. These results suggest that PTEN may regulate chemotherapy sensitivity of NK/T-cell lymphoma and contribute to clinical outcomes. These findings indicate PTEN to be a potential target anti-tumor therapeutics for NK/T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Fu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Jinli Gao
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Puyang, Puyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Zhenchang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Qingjiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
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18
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Zhang XS, Hu YH, Gao HY, Lan XW, Xue YW. Downregulation of Notch1 inhibits the invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer cells SGC7901 and MKN74 in vitro through PTEN activation and dephosphorylation of Akt and FAK. Mol Med Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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Shao C, Li Z, Ahmad N, Liu X. Regulation of PTEN degradation and NEDD4-1 E3 ligase activity by Numb. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:957-967. [PMID: 28437168 PMCID: PMC5462079 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1310351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical tumor suppressor PTEN is regulated by numerous post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. Ubiquitination of PTEN was reported to control both PTEN stability and nuclear localization. Notably, the HECT E3-ligase NEDD4-1 was identified as the ubiquitin ligase for PTEN, mediating its degradation and down-stream events. However, the mechanisms how NEDD4-1 is regulated by up-stream signaling pathways or interaction with other proteins in promoting PTEN degradation remain largely unclear. In the present study, we identified that the adaptor protein Numb, which is demonstrated to be a novel binding partner of NEDD4-1, plays important roles in controlling PTEN ubiquitination through regulating NEDD4-1 activity and the association between PTEN and NEDD4-1. Furthermore, we provided data to show that Numb regulates cell proliferation and glucose metabolism in a PTEN-dependent manner. Overall, our study revealed a novel regulation of the well-documented NEDD4-1/PTEN pathway and its oncogenic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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20
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Li Y, Zhang DJ, Qiu Y, Kido T, Lau YFC. The Y-located proto-oncogene TSPY exacerbates and its X-homologue TSPX inhibits transactivation functions of androgen receptor and its constitutively active variants. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:901-912. [PMID: 28169398 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gonadoblastoma gene, testis-specific protein Y-encoded (TSPY), on the Y chromosome and its X-homologue, TSPX, are cell cycle regulators and function as a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor respectively in human oncogenesis. TSPY and TSPX competitively bind to the androgen receptor (AR) and AR variants, such as AR-V7, at their conserved SET/NAP domain, and exacerbate and repress the transactivation of the AR/AR-V7 target genes in ligand dependent and independent manners respectively. The inhibitory domain has been mapped to the carboxyl acidic domain of TSPX, truncation of which renders TSPX to be stimulatory while its transposition to the C-terminus of TSPY results in an inhibitory hybrid protein. TSPY and TSPX co-localize with the endogenous AR, in the presence of ligand, on the promoters and differentially regulate the expression of the endogenous AR target genes in the androgen-responsive LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Transcriptome analysis shows that TSPY and TSPX expressions differentially affect significant numbers of canonical pathways, upstream regulators and cellular functions. Significantly, among the common ones, TSPY activates and TSPX inhibits numerous growth-related and oncogenic canonical pathways and cellular functions in the respective cell populations. Hence, TSPY and TSPX exert opposing effects on the transactivation functions of AR and AR-Vs important for various physiological and disease processes sensitive to male sex hormone actions, thereby not only affecting the pathogenesis of male-specific prostate cancer but also likely contributing to sex differences in the health and diseases of man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmin Li
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Dong Ji Zhang
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Yun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tatsuo Kido
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Yun-Fai Chris Lau
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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21
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Frank SB, Berger PL, Ljungman M, Miranti CK. Human prostate luminal cell differentiation requires NOTCH3 induction by p38-MAPK and MYC. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1952-1964. [PMID: 28446540 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathways dysregulated in prostate cancer are also involved in epithelial differentiation. To better understand prostate tumor initiation, we sought to investigate specific genes and mechanisms required for normal basal to luminal cell differentiation. Utilizing human prostate basal epithelial cells and an in vitro differentiation model, we tested the hypothesis that regulation of NOTCH3 by the p38 MAPK family (hereafter p38-MAPK), via MYC, is required for luminal differentiation. Inhibition (SB202190 and BIRB796) or knockdown of p38α (also known as MAPK14) and/or p38δ (also known as MAPK13) prevented proper differentiation. Additionally, treatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor (RO4929097) or knockdown of NOTCH1 and/or NOTCH3 greatly impaired differentiation and caused luminal cell death. Constitutive p38-MAPK activation through MKK6(CA) increased NOTCH3 (but not NOTCH1) mRNA and protein levels, which was diminished upon MYC inhibition (10058-F4 and JQ1) or knockdown. Furthermore, we validated two NOTCH3 enhancer elements through a combination of enhancer (e)RNA detection (BruUV-seq) and luciferase reporter assays. Finally, we found that the NOTCH3 mRNA half-life increased during differentiation or upon acute p38-MAPK activation. These results reveal a new connection between p38-MAPK, MYC and NOTCH signaling, demonstrate two mechanisms of NOTCH3 regulation and provide evidence for NOTCH3 involvement in prostate luminal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander B Frank
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.,Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Penny L Berger
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cindy K Miranti
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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22
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Rodriguez-Bravo V, Carceles-Cordon M, Hoshida Y, Cordon-Cardo C, Galsky MD, Domingo-Domenech J. The role of GATA2 in lethal prostate cancer aggressiveness. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 14:38-48. [PMID: 27872477 PMCID: PMC5489122 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2016.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer is a classic example of the intractability and consequent lethality that characterizes metastatic carcinomas. Novel treatments have improved the survival of men with prostate cancer; however, advanced prostate cancer invariably becomes resistant to these therapies and ultimately progresses to a lethal metastatic stage. Consequently, detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that control prostate cancer cell survival and progression towards this lethal stage of disease will benefit the development of new therapeutics. The transcription factor endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (GATA2) has been reported to have a key role in driving prostate cancer aggressiveness. In addition to being a pioneer transcription factor that increases androgen receptor (AR) binding and activity, GATA2 regulates a core subset of clinically relevant genes in an AR-independent manner. Functionally, GATA2 overexpression in prostate cancer increases cellular motility and invasiveness, proliferation, tumorigenicity, and resistance to standard therapies. Thus, GATA2 has a multifaceted function in prostate cancer aggressiveness and is a highly attractive target in the development of novel treatments against lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Marc Carceles-Cordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Josep Domingo-Domenech
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Politz O, Siegel F, Bärfacker L, Bömer U, Hägebarth A, Scott WJ, Michels M, Ince S, Neuhaus R, Meyer K, Fernández-Montalván AE, Liu N, von Nussbaum F, Mumberg D, Ziegelbauer K. BAY 1125976, a selective allosteric AKT1/2 inhibitor, exhibits high efficacy on AKT signaling-dependent tumor growth in mouse models. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:449-459. [PMID: 27699769 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling cascade is activated in the majority of human cancers, and its activation also plays a key role in resistance to chemo and targeted therapeutics. In particular, in both breast and prostate cancer, increased AKT pathway activity is associated with cancer progression, treatment resistance and poor disease outcome. Here, we evaluated the activity of a novel allosteric AKT1/2 inhibitor, BAY 1125976, in biochemical, cellular mechanistic, functional and in vivo efficacy studies in a variety of tumor models. In in vitro kinase activity assays, BAY 1125976 potently and selectively inhibited the activity of full-length AKT1 and AKT2 by binding into an allosteric binding pocket formed by kinase and PH domain. In accordance with this proposed allosteric binding mode, BAY 1125976 bound to inactive AKT1 and inhibited T308 phosphorylation by PDK1, while the activity of truncated AKT proteins lacking the pleckstrin homology domain was not inhibited. In vitro, BAY 1125976 inhibited cell proliferation in a broad panel of human cancer cell lines. Particularly high activity was observed in breast and prostate cancer cell lines expressing estrogen or androgen receptors. Furthermore, BAY 1125976 exhibited strong in vivo efficacy in both cell line and patient-derived xenograft models such as the KPL4 breast cancer model (PIK3CAH1074R mutant), the MCF7 and HBCx-2 breast cancer models and the AKTE17K mutant driven prostate cancer (LAPC-4) and anal cancer (AXF 984) models. These findings indicate that BAY 1125976 is a potent and highly selective allosteric AKT1/2 inhibitor that targets tumors displaying PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation, providing opportunities for the clinical development of new, effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Politz
- Bayer AG, Global Drug Discovery, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lars Bärfacker
- Bayer AG, Global Drug Discovery, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ulf Bömer
- Bayer AG, Global Drug Discovery, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - William J Scott
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Whippany, NJ 07981-0915
| | - Martin Michels
- Bayer AG, Global Drug Discovery, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stuart Ince
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Whippany, NJ 07981-0915
| | | | - Kirstin Meyer
- Bayer AG, Global Drug Discovery, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ningshu Liu
- Bayer AG, Global Drug Discovery, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz von Nussbaum
- Bayer S.A.S./Bayer CropScience, Small Molecules Research, Disease Control Chemistry, 69263 Lyon, France
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McCubrey JA, Rakus D, Gizak A, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Lertpiriyapong K, Fitzgerald TL, Yang LV, Montalto G, Cervello M, Libra M, Nicoletti F, Scalisi A, Torino F, Fenga C, Neri LM, Marmiroli S, Cocco L, Martelli AM. Effects of mutations in Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog, Notch and PI3K pathways on GSK-3 activity-Diverse effects on cell growth, metabolism and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2942-2976. [PMID: 27612668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase that participates in an array of critical cellular processes. GSK-3 was first characterized as an enzyme that phosphorylated and inactivated glycogen synthase. However, subsequent studies have revealed that this moon-lighting protein is involved in numerous signaling pathways that regulate not only metabolism but also have roles in: apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell renewal, differentiation, embryogenesis, migration, regulation of gene transcription, stem cell biology and survival. In this review, we will discuss the roles that GSK-3 plays in various diseases as well as how this pivotal kinase interacts with multiple signaling pathways such as: PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, Wnt/beta-catenin, hedgehog, Notch and TP53. Mutations that occur in these and other pathways can alter the effects that natural GSK-3 activity has on regulating these signaling circuits that can lead to cancer as well as other diseases. The novel roles that microRNAs play in regulation of the effects of GSK-3 will also be evaluated. Targeting GSK-3 and these other pathways may improve therapy and overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Steve L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Aurora Scalisi
- Unit of Oncologic Diseases, ASP-Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Department of Biomedical, Odontoiatric, Morphological and Functional Images, Occupational Medicine Section - Policlinico "G. Martino" - University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Thuma F, Heiler S, Schnölzer M, Zöller M. Palmitoylated claudin7 captured in glycolipid-enriched membrane microdomains promotes metastasis via associated transmembrane and cytosolic molecules. Oncotarget 2016; 7:30659-77. [PMID: 27120791 PMCID: PMC5058708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial cells claudin7 (cld7) is a major component of tight junctions, but is also recovered from glycolipid-enriched membrane microdomains (GEM). In tumor cells, too, cld7 exists in two stages. Only GEM-located cld7, which is palmitoylated, promotes metastasis. Searching for the underlying mechanism(s) revealed the following.The metastatic capacity of the rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line ASML is lost by a knockdown (kd) of cld7 and is not regained by rescuing cld7 with a mutated palmitoylation site (cld7mPalm). ASML-cld7kd and ASML-cld7mPalm cells show reduced motility and invasiveness. This is due to cld7, but not cld7mPalm associating with α6β4, ezrin, uPAR and MMP14, which jointly support motility and invasion. Palmitoylated cld7 also is engaged in drug resistance by repressing Pten, allowing activation of the antiapoptotic PI3K/Akt pathway. An association of cld7mPalm with the major Pten phosphorylating kinases does not restore apoptosis resistance as phosphorylated Pten is not guided towards GEM to compete with non-phosphorylated Pten. The pathway whereby palmitoylated cld7 supports expression of several EMT genes and nuclear translocation of EMT transcription factors remains to be unraveled. An association with Notch, reduced in ASML-cld7mPalm cells, might be the starting point. Finally, GEM-located, palmitoylated cld7 associates with several components of vesicle transport machineries engaged in exosome biogenesis.Taken together, prerequisites for cld7 acting as a cancer-initiating cell marker are GEM location and palmitoylation, which support a multitude of associations and integration into exosomes. The latter suggests palmitoylated cld7 contributing to message transfer via exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Thuma
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Heiler
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Department of Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
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MicroRNA-21 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptosis through PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in esophageal cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12061-12070. [PMID: 27188433 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to explore associations between microRNA-21 (miR-21) and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and, further, to elucidate the regulation of miR-21 on biological behaviors in human esophageal cancer cells. The expressions of miR-21, PTEN, PI3K, and AKT were detected in 89 esophageal cancer samples and 58 adjacent normal tissues respectively. The human esophageal cancer cells (TE11) were grouped as following: blank (TE11 cells without transfection), negative (TE11 cells with miR-21 negative inhibitor), and Inhibition-miR21 (TE11 cells with miR-21 inhibitor). Western blot was used for detection of PTEN, P13K, and AKT protein expressions, MTT method for cell proliferation, Transwell assay for cell migration and invasion, and flow cytometry for cell cycle and apoptosis. MiR-21, PI3K, and AKT have higher expressions, but PTEN has lower expression in esophageal cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. The esophageal cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation showed significantly low positive rate of PTEN protein, but high positive rates of PI3K and AKT proteins. Compared with blank and negative groups, PTEN expression of TE11 cells in Inhibition-miR21 group was significantly up-regulated, but PI3K and AKT were down-regulated. Further, PTEN was a target gene of miR-21. Besides, compared with blank and negative groups, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TE11 cells were less active in Inhibition-miR21 group. TE11 cells were significantly increased in the G0/G1 phase of cell cycles, but decreased in the S and G2/M phase in Inhibition-miR21 group. The TE11 cells exhibited significantly increased apoptosis rates. MiR-21 targets key proteins in PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal pathway, promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle, and inhibiting apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cells. It may serve as a novel therapeutic target in esophageal cancer.
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Steelman LS, Martelli AM, Cocco L, Libra M, Nicoletti F, Abrams SL, McCubrey JA. The therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibitors in breast cancer. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:1189-1212. [PMID: 27059645 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin and modified rapamycins (rapalogs) have been used to prevent allograft rejection after organ transplant for over 15 years. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been determined to be a key component of the mTORC1 complex which consists of the serine/threonine kinase TOR and at least five other proteins which are involved in regulating its activity. Some of the best characterized substrates of mTORC1 are proteins which are key kinases involved in the regulation of cell growth (e.g., p70S6K) and protein translation (e.g., 4E-BP1). These proteins may in some cases serve as indicators to sensitivity to rapamycin-related therapies. Dysregulation of mTORC1 activity frequently occurs due to mutations at, or amplifications of, upstream growth factor receptors (e.g., human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, HER2) as well as kinases (e.g., PI3K) and phosphatases (e.g., PTEN) critical in the regulation of cell growth. More recently, it has been shown that certain rapalogs may enhance the effectiveness of hormonal-based therapies for breast cancer patients who have become resistant to endocrine therapy. The combined treatment of certain rapalogs (e.g., everolimus) and aromatase inhibitors (e.g., exemestane) has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) and other drug regulatory agencies to treat estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients who have become resistant to hormonal-based therapies and have progressed. This review will summarize recent basic and clinical research in the area and evaluate potential novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology & Functional Genomics, Section of Pathology & Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology & Functional Genomics, Section of Pathology & Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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28
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Wang H, Zhang L, Fu Y, Fang F, Jiang Y, Dong Y, Zhu W. CSL regulates AKT to mediate androgen independence in prostate cancer progression. Prostate 2016; 76:140-50. [PMID: 26437743 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant signaling pathways leads to cancer initiation and progression. Both Notch and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are believed to be involved in prostate cancer. How the interaction between the two pathways contributes to prostate cancer progression to androgen independence is still elusive. METHODS Prostate cancer cells were grown in RPMI 1,640 supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 10% charcoal-stripped heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FCS), 1% penicillin-streptomycin in 75 cm2 polystyrene flasks, and maintained at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 . Cell proliferation, invasion were performed with cell counting, matrigel assay in vitro. Dual luciferase assays were performed using reporter plasmids with ARE (Androgen Response Element, ARE). RNA interference was applied to gene silence. Tumorigenicity of cancer cells was evaluated by mouse xenograft in vivo. RESULTS A subpopulation of casodex resistant prostate cancer cells were identified with an overexpressed androgen receptor (AR) and aggressive phenotypes, characterized with high proliferation, invasion in vitro and enhanced tumorigenesis in vivo. Gene profiling for androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent LNCaP-CR revealed that both CSL and AKT gave the similar expressional pattern upon casodex treatment. Immunoblot demonstrated that CSL and AKT were dramatically suppressed in androgen dependent LNCaP cells, but slightly inhibited in LNCaP-CR cells as well as other androgen independent prostate cancer cells. Further studies indicated that CSL regulates AKT, and subsequently AR in prostate cancer cells. AKT mediates casodex resistance and androgen independence through regulation of cyclin D1. CONCLUSION CSL-AKT-AR axis might play an important role in prostate cancer progression. Targeting CSL depleted the casodex resistant population through inhibition of the AKT, suggesting a more effective therapeutic strategy for abrogating casodex resistance in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lixia Zhang
- School of Landscape, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Jilin Agricultural University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Jilin Medical University, Ji Lin, China
| | | | - Yuan Dong
- Jilin Medical University, Ji Lin, China
| | - Wenhe Zhu
- Jilin Medical University, Ji Lin, China
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29
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Su Q, Xin L. Notch signaling in prostate cancer: refining a therapeutic opportunity. Histol Histopathol 2016; 31:149-57. [PMID: 26521657 PMCID: PMC4822406 DOI: 10.14670/hh-11-685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Notch is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that plays a critical role in specifying cell fate and regulating tissue homeostasis and carcinogenesis. Studies using organ cultures and genetically engineered mouse models have demonstrated that Notch signaling regulates prostate development and homeostasis. However, the role of the Notch signaling pathway in prostate cancer remains inconclusive. Many published studies have documented consistent deregulation of major Notch signaling components in human prostate cancer cell lines, mouse models for prostate cancers, and human prostate cancer specimens at both the mRNA and the protein levels. However, functional studies in human cancer cells by modulation of Notch pathway elements suggest both tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles of Notch. These controversies may originate from our inadequate understanding of the regulation of Notch signaling under versatile genetic contexts, and reflect the multifaceted and pleiotropic roles of Notch in regulating different aspects of prostate cancer cell biology, such as proliferation, metastasis, and chemo-resistance. Future comprehensive studies using various mouse models for prostate cancer may help clarify the role of Notch signaling in prostate cancer and provide a solid basis for determining whether and how Notch should be employed as a therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtai Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Immunology and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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31
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Zeng C, Xing R, Liu J, Xing F. Role of CSL-dependent and independent Notch signaling pathways in cell apoptosis. Apoptosis 2015; 21:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Lertpiriyapong K, Fitzgerald TL, Martelli AM, Cocco L, Rakus D, Gizak A, Terrian D, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA. Novel roles of androgen receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, TP53, regulatory RNAs, NF-kappa-B, chromosomal translocations, neutrophil associated gelatinase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in prostate cancer and prostate cancer stem cells. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 60:64-87. [PMID: 26525204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one in six men will be diagnosed with some form of prostate cancer in their lifetime. Over 250,000 men worldwide die annually due to complications from prostate cancer. While advancements in prostate cancer screening and therapies have helped in lowering this statistic, better tests and more effective therapies are still needed. This review will summarize the novel roles of the androgen receptor (AR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the EGFRvIII variant, TP53, long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRs), NF-kappa-B, chromosomal translocations, neutrophil associated gelatinase, (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells (CSC) have on the diagnosis, development and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Chappell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - David Terrian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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Kriplani N, Hermida MA, Brown ER, Leslie NR. Class I PI 3-kinases: Function and evolution. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 59:53-64. [PMID: 26159297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In many human cell types, the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases play key roles in the control of diverse cellular processes including growth, proliferation, survival and polarity. This is achieved through their activation by many cell surface receptors, leading to the synthesis of the phosphoinositide lipid signal, PIP3, which in turn influences the function of numerous direct PIP3-binding proteins. Here we review PI3K pathway biology and analyse the evolutionary distribution of its components and their functions. The broad phylogenetic distribution of class I PI3Ks in metazoa, amoebozoa and choannoflagellates, implies that these enzymes evolved in single celled organisms and were later co-opted into metazoan intercellular communication. A similar distribution is evident for the AKT and Cytohesin groups of downstream PIP3-binding proteins, with other effectors and pathway components appearing to evolve later. The genomic and functional phylogeny of regulatory systems such as the PI3K pathway provides a framework to improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which key cellular processes are controlled in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kriplani
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Miguel A Hermida
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Euan R Brown
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Nicholas R Leslie
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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Roles of NGAL and MMP-9 in the tumor microenvironment and sensitivity to targeted therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:438-448. [PMID: 26278055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various, diverse molecules contribute to the tumor microenvironment and influence invasion and metastasis. In this review, the roles of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the tumor microenvironment and sensitivity to therapy will be discussed. The lipocalin family of proteins has many important functions. For example when NGAL forms a complex with MMP-9 it increases its stability which is important in cancer metastasis. Small hydrophobic molecules are bound by NGAL which can alter their entry into and efflux from cells. Iron transport and storage are also influenced by NGAL activity. Regulation of iron levels is important for survival in the tumor microenvironment as well as metastasis. Innate immunity is also regulated by NGAL as it can have bacteriostatic properties. NGAL and MMP-9 expression may also affect the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy as well as targeted therapy. Thus NGAL and MMP-9 play important roles in key processes involved in metastasis as well as response to therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Tumor Microenvironment Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Metastasis, Inflammation, and Immune Surveillance edited by Peter Ruvolo and Gregg L. Semenza.
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PTEN mediates Notch-dependent stalk cell arrest in angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7935. [PMID: 26228240 PMCID: PMC5426521 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated activity of VEGF and Notch signals guides the endothelial cell (EC) specification into tip and stalk cells during angiogenesis. Notch activation in stalk cells leads to proliferation arrest via an unknown mechanism. By using gain- and loss-of-function gene-targeting approaches, here we show that PTEN is crucial for blocking stalk cell proliferation downstream of Notch, and this is critical for mouse vessel development. Endothelial deletion of PTEN results in vascular hyperplasia due to a failure to mediate Notch-induced proliferation arrest. Conversely, overexpression of PTEN reduces vascular density and abrogates the increase in EC proliferation induced by Notch blockade. PTEN is a lipid/protein phosphatase that also has nuclear phosphatase-independent functions. We show that both the catalytic and non-catalytic APC/C-Fzr1/Cdh1-mediated activities of PTEN are required for stalk cells' proliferative arrest. These findings define a Notch–PTEN signalling axis as an orchestrator of vessel density and implicate the PTEN-APC/C-Fzr1/Cdh1 hub in angiogenesis. During the formation of vascular sprouts, Notch activation inhibits proliferation of the stalk ECs via unknown mechanism. Here the authors show that PTEN represents a critical mediator of Notch anti-proliferative response in stalk cells via its phosphatase-dependent and -independent activity.
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Fitzgerald TL, Lertpiriyapong K, Cocco L, Martelli AM, Libra M, Candido S, Montalto G, Cervello M, Steelman L, Abrams SL, McCubrey JA. Roles of EGFR and KRAS and their downstream signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer and pancreatic cancer stem cells. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 59:65-81. [PMID: 26257206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is currently the fourth most common cancer, is increasing in incidence and soon will be the second leading cause of cancer death in the USA. This is a deadly malignancy with an incidence that approximates the mortality with 44,000 new cases and 36,000 deaths each year. Surgery, although only modestly successful, is the only curative option. However, due the locally aggressive nature and early metastasis, surgery can be performed on less than 20% of patients. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is palliative, has significant toxicity and improves survival very little. Thus new treatment paradigms are needed desperately. Due to the extremely high frequency of KRAS gene mutations (>90%) detected in pancreatic cancer patients, the roles of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1/GSK-3 pathways have been investigated in pancreatic cancer for many years. Constitutively active Ras can activate both of these pathways and there is cross talk between Ras and EGFR which is believed to be important in driving metastasis. Mutant KRAS may also drive the expression of GSK-3 through Raf/MEK/ERK-mediated effects on GSK-3 transcription. GSK-3 can then regulate the expression of NF-kappaB which is important in modulating pancreatic cancer chemoresistance. While the receptors and many downstream signaling molecules have been identified and characterized, there is still much to learn about these pathways and how their deregulation can lead to cancer. Multiple inhibitors to EGFR, PI3K, mTOR, GSK-3, Raf, MEK and hedgehog (HH) have been developed and are being evaluated in various cancers. Current research often focuses on the role of these pathways in cancer stem cells (CSC), with the goal to identify sites where therapeutic resistance may develop. Relatively novel fields of investigation such as microRNAs and drugs used for other diseases e.g., diabetes, (metformin) and malaria (chloroquine) have provided new information about therapeutic resistance and CSCs. This review will focus on recent advances in the field and how they affect pancreatic cancer research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology & Functional Genomics, Section of Pathology & Oncology, Via Androne, Catania, Italy, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology & Functional Genomics, Section of Pathology & Oncology, Via Androne, Catania, Italy, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Linda Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Zhao T, Hu F, Qiao B, Chen Z, Tao Q. Telomerase reverse transcriptase potentially promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2205-15. [PMID: 25775973 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have found the critical role of telomerase in cellular transformation, proliferation, stemness and cell survival. High levels of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression and telomerase activation have been reported in most cancer cells. Moreover, overexpression of human TERT (hTERT) is reported to be correlated with advanced invasive stage of the tumor progression and poor prognosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by the loss of the cell-cell contact of epithelial cells and the acquisition of migratory and motile properties, is known to be a central mechanism responsible for invasiveness and metastasis of various cancers. Thus, we investigated whether hTERT plays a potential role in the development of EMT. As we expected, our clinical results showed that hTERT is overexpressed in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and OSCC tissues and correlates with clinical aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. We then overexpressed hTERT in primary human oral epithelial cells (HOECS) and found that hTERT has the potential to prolong the lifespan, a process confering the characteristics of EMT by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our findings provided an explanation for the aggressive nature of human tumors overexpressing hTERT and the possibly mechanism that links hTERT to EMT property, which represents a possible therapeutic target in highly metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fengchun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qian Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Yan YG, Wang C, Zhang SJ, Yu XH, Wang WJ. MicroRNAs in osteosarcoma. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 444:9-17. [PMID: 25661090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor with high morbidity that principally emerges in children and adolescents. Presently, the prognosis of OS patients remains poor due to resistance to chemotherapy, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNA molecules, can negatively modulate protein expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs regulate a variety of normal physiologic processes and are involved in tumorigenesis and development of multiple malignancies, including OS. Some miRNAs are differentially expressed in OS tissues, cell lines and serum, and have been shown to correlate with the malignant phenotype and prognosis. These altered miRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in this process. Moreover, restoration of miRNA expression has shown promise for the treatment of OS. Here, we describe miRNA biochemistry with a focus on expression profile, role and therapeutic potential in OS. A better understanding will facilitate the identification and characterization of novel biomarkers and development of miRNA-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yi-Guo Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Shu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Follo MY, Manzoli L, Poli A, McCubrey JA, Cocco L. PLC and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling in disease and cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 57:10-6. [PMID: 25482988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolism is deregulated, and signalling pathways can be involved. For instance, PI3K/Akt/mTOR is associated with normal proliferation and differentiation, and its alteration is detectable in cancer cells, that exploit the normal mechanisms to overcome apoptosis. On the other hand, also the family of Phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes play a critical role in cell growth, and any change concerning these enzymes or their downstream targets can be associated with neoplastic transformation. Here, we review the role of PLC and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal transduction pathways in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Y Follo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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McCubrey JA, Abrams SL, Fitzgerald TL, Cocco L, Martelli AM, Montalto G, Cervello M, Scalisi A, Candido S, Libra M, Steelman LS. Roles of signaling pathways in drug resistance, cancer initiating cells and cancer progression and metastasis. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 57:75-101. [PMID: 25453219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The EGFR/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC pathway plays prominent roles in malignant transformation, prevention of apoptosis, drug resistance, cancer initiating cells (CICs) and metastasis. The expression of this pathway is frequently altered in breast and other cancers due to mutations at or aberrant expression of: HER2, EGFR1, PIK3CA, and PTEN as well as other oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. miRs and epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation are also important events which regulate this pathway. In some breast cancer cases, mutations at certain components of this pathway (e.g., PIK3CA) are associated with a better prognosis than breast cancers lacking these mutations. The expression of this pathway has been associated with CICs and in some cases resistance to therapeutics. We will review the effects of activation of the EGFR/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC pathway primarily in breast cancer and development of drug resistance. The targeting of this pathway and other interacting pathways will be discussed as well as clinical trials with novel small molecule inhibitors as well as established drugs that are used to treat other diseases. In this manuscript, we will discuss an inducible EGFR model (v-ERB-B:ER) and its effects on cell growth, cell cycle progression, activation of signal transduction pathways, prevention of apoptosis in hematopoietic, breast and prostate cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Aurora Scalisi
- Unit of Oncologic Diseases, ASP-Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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